CN110401187A - Temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building - Google Patents
Temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building that the present invention provides a kind of.This method comprises: building polymerize the hierarchical control framework of the heterogeneous temperature control load cluster of dispersed distribution as unit of building, in top level control framework, Load aggregation quotient is horizontal according to the dispatching requirement of distribution network system and each available scheduling capacity of building, determine that scheduling capacity that each building should provide, the architectural controller into lower layer's control cage structure send the scheduling controlling demand for carrying the scheduling capacity that each building should provide by distributed pinning control based on the aggregation properties of heterogeneous temperature control load of the dispersed distribution in different buildings；In lower layer's control framework, architectural controller passes through the operating status of controlled temperature control load in conversion time match control Developing Tactics same building object according to the scheduling controlling demand that Load aggregation quotient sends.The present invention realizes the different buildings in sparse communication network and provides the coordinated control of load scheduling capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind under intelligent power grid technology field more particularly to smart grid demand response mechanism towards intelligence
The temperature control load layering aggregation control method of building.
Background technique
It makes the transition under background in energy resource structure, modern electricity is currently largely accessed using wind-powered electricity generation and photovoltaic as the renewable energy of representative
Force system is in a unprecedented fast-developing period, different from conventional electric power generation unit, renewable energy by it is natural because
Element restricts, and power output shows biggish intermittent, fluctuation and uncertainty, and the development of renewable energies such as wind-force, photovoltaic
Electricity generates electricity without using synchronous generator, and renewable energy power generation increases the used of no such lifting system of image of Buddha conventional electric power generation unit
Property.With the raising of renewable energy permeability, synchronous generator ratio decline in operating status is simple by conventional hair
The traditional distribution mode that electric unit is adjusted adjusts difficulty and is gradually increased, and renewable energy power generation is to system frequency, voltage, electric energy matter
The influence of amount and transient stability is more prominent.Therefore, a large amount of accesses of renewable energy power generation are so that electric system is forced to transport
Row is the wave of reply renewable energy power generation in a low inertia, high output fluctuation and high probabilistic environment
Dynamic property and intermittence, pass through the traditional distribution mode list in Generation Side investment construction wide variety of conventional generator unit as spare capacity
Promote renewable energy consumption by reserve capacity of generation side purely, so that spare unit frequent start-stop and long-term underload, partially
It is run from Optimum Economic operating point, leads to the economy and low-carbon environment-friendly decline that renewable energy is grid-connected.Therefore hair is only relied on
The traditional mode that electric side spare capacity is adjusted is difficult to cope with the development of the following high proportion renewable energy power generation electric system
Demand needs to introduce new scheduling method and promotes renewable energy to dissolve with unit is participated in.
To cope with bring challenge in the following high proportion renewable energy power generation power system development: system fluctuation,
Having a rest property, randomness are increased sharply with the deficiency of traditional distribution mode flexibility: flexibility and economic benefit are low etc..System operator is ground
Study carefully the economy and reliability for developing a variety of operation forms and new participation unit to maintain Operation of Electric Systems.Wherein, make
For the effective means for solving the problems, such as renewable energy access, active distribution network passes through flexible network topology structure and effective association
Control technology and management means are adjusted, active control and active management can be carried out to the distributed energy in different zones, reduced
Influence caused by being fluctuated as generated output of renewable energy source, thus the power quality for effectively dissolving renewable energy, improving user
And power supply reliability.In a variety of new participation units being introduced into, in addition to controlled distribution formula power supply, energy storage and microgrid, demand is rung
Answer the flexible load under mechanism be it is a kind of using the flexibility of Demand-side load promote network optimization run and required tradition can be reduced
The economical and effective technological means of generator unit spare capacity.It is fast with advanced measurement system in recent years and technology of Internet of things
Speed development, the ornamental of Demand-side, controllability have obtained large increase, and burdened resource will become a kind of efficient scheduling control money
Source and be actively engaged in dispatching of power netwoks, promote operation of power networks flexibility by carrying out the flexible interaction of grid side and Demand-side
Have become the important means of a kind of operation of promotion network optimization and renewable energy consumption.Particularly, wherein temperature control class flexibility is negative
Lotus: temperature control load (Thermostatically Controlled Loads, TCLs) occupies the main portion of daily power consumption
Point, there is good hot energy storage characteristic, can be responded using the slowly varying thermal inertia of thermal energy by load activity or renewable energy
Power swing caused by the power output variation of source, the extensive concern without influencing user's comfort, by domestic and foreign scholars.It is rung in demand
Answer temperature control load under mechanism that can control (Direct load control, DLC) means by direct load on the one hand renewable
Energy power output peak time can convert electrical energy into thermal energy storage in temperature control load, on the other hand in renewable energy power output
Low ebb period utilizes the inertial properties that thermal energy is slowly varying in temperature control load, and regulation power disappears in users'comfort allowed band
Consumption carrys out the power swing of responsive electricity grid, can provide a plurality of types of ancillary services for power grid to promote the consumption of renewable energy
Optimization with power grid is run, and is considered to be the important participation resource of demand response mechanism.
To sum up, the strong request and China's power grid future that renewable energy power generation is both the transition of China's energy are greatly developed
The inexorable trend of development.Renewable energy power generation largely accesses the adjusting difficulty that electric system increases system operation, reduces
System reliability of operation, a kind of demand response resource of the temperature control class flexible load as great potential have good heat storage
It is living to respond load by controlling a large amount of temperature control class flexible loads and grid side realization flexible interaction in Demand-side polymerization for energy characteristic
Power swing caused by dynamic and renewable energy power generation fluctuation, intermittence and uncertainty can promote renewable energy consumption,
It is the inevitable requirement of Future Power System development.Therefore, the scheduling spirit that network optimization is run is participated in sufficiently to excavate temperature control load
Activity further promotes the availability that temperature control load participates in power grid ancillary service, from the interactive response characteristic of temperature control load,
The Optimal Control Strategy and scheduling model of temperature control load are studied, this is applied to power grid auxiliary clothes for accelerating temperature control class flexible load
Business and the operation of promotion network optimization and renewable energy consumption, all have important theoretical value and practical significance.
Temperature control load, such as air-conditioning, refrigerator, electric heater are large number of, dispersed distribution, and monomer load operation power
Small, the influence to power grid is very small, it is necessary to which assembling a large amount of loads in polymerized form, that considerable scheduling could be provided for higher level is latent
How power gathers together the dispatching flexibility of these loads, forms reliable and stable scheduling resource and gives higher level's power grid (power distribution network
Operator), it is that current many correlative studys will solve the problems, such as.
Temperature control load meets the thermal demand of user by way of electric energy is converted to thermal energy, is controlled by temperature controller
Its working condition, by taking refrigeration as an example, temperature reaches the set temperature upper limit, and temperature control load is opened, and reaches set temperature lower limit, temperature control
Load is closed, opposite when for heating.Since varying environment requires the diversification with users'comfort demand, so that temperature control load
The heterogeneous high, quantity of operating parameter is greatly and position dispersed distribution, these features give the development temperature control load under demand response mechanism
Many obstructions are brought with the flexible interaction of power grid:
(1) the comfort level demand multiplicity of user, acceptable controlled area charactert is different, leads to the controllable degree of temperature control load not
It is unified；
(2) temperature control load quantity is big, and centerized fusion is difficult to adapt to the reliability and expansion that a large amount of loads participate in control
It is required that causing to control, communication pressure is big, control reliability is low；
(3) the heterogeneous high feature of temperature control load thermal parameter is coupled with the characteristics of its geographical location dispersed distribution, causes
Central controlled method performance difficulty is carried out to homogeney temperature control load based on clustering method, control communication is complicated, and reducing needs
Seek the availability of side scheduling potentiality；
(4) it should also be avoided caused by frequently controlling load in addition to the comfort level that need to consider user requires in control process
Excessive loss's problem.The intension of temperature control load determines the characteristic of its independence, randomness and dispersed distribution, it is difficult to directly participate in
Into the optimization operation of power grid.So how to adapt to these features of temperature control load under demand response mechanism, carry out temperature control
The polymerization of load cluster controls, and promotes the availability and flexibility of temperature control load scheduling potentiality, and realize and reliably accurately control
It is the key that give full play to temperature control load scheduling potentiality and promote network optimization to run using Demand-side.
Currently, the clustered control that experts and scholars are directed to temperature control load under demand response mechanism both at home and abroad is expanded and is ground extensively
Study carefully, promotes the development and popularization of Demand-side Yu grid side flexible interaction mechanism energetically.As shown in Figure 1, in the prior art
Temperature control load clustered control strategy and model research method can be mainly divided into two classes, and the first kind is centerized fusion method, main
Include the single-point control method successively controlled according to load condition according to priority, and passes through identical control variable or system
The multiparty control method that one control variable controls controlled-load simultaneously；Second class is distributed control method, main to wrap
Include the two methods of the local control for receiving local signal regulation and long-range control for receiving control centre's regulation.
The type of temperature control load is more, and quantity is big, and the complexity of Controlling model, In can be reduced using central controlled mode
The reliability of control can be promoted to a certain extent.In centralized control, representative single-point control strategy is state
Priority Control Strategies are a kind of control methods being widely used at present, current with load in temperature dead zone on the basis of method
State of temperature at a distance from temperature limit be used as priority, by taking situation of freezing as an example, temperature closer to temperature upper limit unit, by
The priority for controlling unlatching is higher, and the priority closer to the controlled closing of the unit of lowest temperature is higher, according to priority successively carries out
Switch control is the continuous control for load single in load cluster.Different according to specific modeling, the prior art is pre- in model
Implement the successively control of load in observing and controlling simulation according to priority of status；Random battery model of the prior art also according to foundation
It is deduced temperature control Load aggregation power and capacity, and adoption status priority successively controls temperature control load；Based on shape
The state two priority classes thought prior art proposes the grouping wheel control single-point control method of temperature control load.In actual operation, with
Priority of status control is that the single-point control technology of representative can give full play to the scheduling potentiality of temperature control load, keeps controlled cluster
State diversity avoids synchronizing at load effect, but such method reaches control by adjusting load shutdown quantity and requires, can only be right
The load of identical operation power is controlled, and needs frequent updating data and publication control for the continuous control of single load
Instruction, when controlled-load is larger, caused by communication pressure it is larger.
Multiparty control mode is another thinking of centerized fusion method, by identical control variable or is uniformly controlled
Variable controls simultaneously to reach desired control target controlled-load, wherein identical control Variable Control form is generally logical
The control mode for crossing adjustment temperature set-point is realized, is uniformly controlled Variable Control form generally by adjusting on-load switch state
Control mode is realized.This control method is solved by control strategy based on temperature control load condition establishing equation or intelligent algorithm
The control program that objective function obtains implements multiparty control to controlled-load cluster, generally directed to homogeney temperature control load, or will
Heterogeneous temperature control load by clustering processing at being controlled again after homogeney TCLs, when the heterogeneity of load cluster is larger,
Relatively large deviation can be generated by the control instruction that cluster centre generates, it is difficult to give full play to the scheduling potentiality of temperature control load.
Although distributed control mode modeling is complicated, the characteristic of a large amount of temperature control load distributions can be better adapted to
With the differentiated demand of user, the availability of temperature control load scheduling potentiality is promoted.It is different according to the source of control instruction, it can be divided into
Two classes of local control and long-range control.Local control, can be according to this ground voltage, frequency by the controller inside insertion load
Variation is adjusted the operating status of temperature control load, and the prior art proposes a kind of power response model, and each load can be with
Required relative power consumption curve is generated according to the local signal of acquisition realizes local control.Prior art also teaches one
The Noval temp.-control of kind real-time response electricity price variation, can promote renewable according to the operation power of bidding price adjustment temperature control load
Energy consumption and network optimization operation.The prior art realizes that the information between adjacent room is handed over also according to the gossip algorithm of proposition
Mutually and the operating status of temperature control load is adjusted.It is different from the control strategy taken of response local signal, remotely control according to
It is so the distributed AC servo system that each subsystem is executed according to higher level's demand for control.The prior art is based on state storehouse model to by temperature control
Control load cluster is grouped, and is then controlled using distributed model predictive control the load of each grouping.Existing skill
Art also passes through multiple homogeney temperature control load aggregations that heterogeneous temperature control load cluster is divided under Load aggregation quotient by clustering method,
The control of each Load aggregation quotient temperature control load is realized using distributed and coordinated control.The prior art is also based on market control
Thought, propose it is a kind of will control Target Assignment to each temperature control load distributed control method, it is poor to better meet user
The comfort level demand of alienation.The flexibility of distributed control method and expansion are stronger, small to communication pressure, are suitable for temperature control
The geographic properties of load heterogeneity and dispersed distribution, but the difficult point of distributed AC servo system is the coordination between subsystems with full
The control of Football Association requires and the balanced dispatching flexibility for fully playing each section.
Priority of status control, unified control according to description above, under existing control strategy such as centralized control mode
Local control, long-range control under system and distributed control mode etc., all solve temperature control part throttle characteristics from different perspectives and bring
Control problem, but still have following aspect deficiency:
1) existing control method is difficult to realize directly controlling for heterogeneous temperature control load, heterogeneous temperature control load is based on poly-
Though class method, which is divided into the mode that homogeney load is controlled, realizes load clustered control, load operation parameter is had ignored
The heterogeneous coupling with geographical location dispersed distribution characteristic, the load of similar operating parameter are distributed in different regions, lead
Cause control performance difficulty, poor reliability.
2) when participating in power grid ancillary service, the temperature control load with similar parameter, diverse geographic location is uniformly controlled
It will lead to the complication of communication link, reduce the availability and control scalability of temperature control load scheduling potentiality.
3) using identical operation power as under the cluster control method of principle, the power step size of different grouping is different, power etc.
Grade is higher, and absolute error is bigger, and this control mode can also reduce the flexibility of control.
4) the centralized control system as unit of load needs control centre (Load aggregation quotient) controlled negative with each
Lotus establishes control communication, and when there are many load quantity, communication construction is at high cost, low efficiency, and easily causes communication traffic, expands
Property is poor, is not suitable for the control of extensive temperature control load.
5) simultaneously, the centralized control system as unit of load needs to provide user's to Load aggregation quotient control centre
The information such as load operation parameter information and temperature pleasant degree preference, be easy to cause the leakage of privacy of user.
Summary of the invention
The temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building that the embodiment provides a kind of, to overcome
Problem of the prior art.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions.
A kind of temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building, comprising:
It constructs to build the hierarchical control framework of the heterogeneous temperature control load cluster for unit dispersed distribution, the hierarchical control
Framework includes top level control framework and lower layer's control framework；
In the top level control framework, Load aggregation quotient can mention according to the dispatching requirement and each building of distribution network system
The scheduling capacity of confession is horizontal, and the aggregation properties of the heterogeneous temperature control load based on dispersed distribution in different buildings pass through distribution
Pinning control determines the scheduling capacity that each building should provide, and the architectural controller into lower layer's control cage structure, which is sent, to be carried each
The scheduling controlling demand for the scheduling capacity that should be provided is provided；
In lower layer control framework, architectural controller is logical according to the scheduling controlling demand that the Load aggregation quotient sends
Cross the operating status of controlled temperature control load in conversion time match control Developing Tactics same building object.
Preferably, the architectural controller in lower layer's control framework is mounted in building building, Xiang Suoshu top level control
It is horizontal that Load aggregation quotient in framework sends the available scheduling capacity of temperature control load in building, and receives the upper layer control
The management of Load aggregation quotient in framework processed is realized different operation power heterogeneity temperature control Load aggregation controls in building, is born
Lotus polymerize quotient and control information is sent to directly connected architectural controller, relies on and is in communication with each other between architectural controller,
Realize the shared of control information.
Preferably, in lower layer control framework, architectural controller to the controlled tendentiousness of heterogeneous temperature control load into
Row modeling, obtains it for the absolute time of heterogeneous temperature control load compared with the cycle of operation in its controlled temperature dead zone and reaches corresponding
The relative operation time of state establishes the controlled tendency characteristic quantity for reflecting heterogeneous temperature control load from time angle；
Shown in controlled tendency characteristic quantity such as formula (1)-(3) of the warm-natured control load of matter:
In formula, τ0--- by Current TemperaturesReach temperature upper limit TmaxThe required time, it is defined as the shut-in time；
τ1--- by Current TemperaturesReach lowest temperature TminThe required time, it is defined as the opening time；
ρ --- the monocycle turns off potentiality, indicates load in the controlled tendency of current control period, if ρ is larger, indicates temperature
Control load is inclined to controlled closing in current control period, if ρ is smaller, indicates that temperature control load is inclined in current control period
Controlled unlatching；
COP --- the energy efficiency coefficient of temperature control load；
The operation power of P --- temperature control load；
R --- room equivalent thermal resistance incorporates the equivalent thermal resistance of original air and solid；
C --- the equivalent thermal capacitance in room incorporates the equivalent thermal capacitance of original air and solid.
Preferably, in lower layer control framework, architectural controller establishes the temperature control load for considering the controlled tendency of load
Schedulable status assessment determines temperature control load within the corresponding control period according to whether temperature control load is in compressor lock state
Controllability；Unit in compressor lock state be it is uncontrollable, the compressor lock state of temperature control load includes opening
The locking under locking and closed state under state is determined by formula (4)-(5), as follows:
In formula, t, i --- it is numbered at the time of being respectively current with temperature control load；
NL--- the load sum in building L, L indicate the number of building；
t0i--- at the time of the temperature control load i last time carries out switch conversion；
tlock--- the compressor locking time of temperature control load；
--- temperature control on-load switch state,It indicates to open,It indicates to close；
fi t--- discrimination variable is determined in shutting for temperature control load operation, fi t=1, which indicates that temperature control load i is in, closes locking shape
State, fi t=0 expression temperature control load i is in other states；
--- discrimination variable is determined in the unlocking of temperature control load operation,It indicates that temperature control load i is in and opens lock state, Indicate that temperature control load i is in other states；
According to the locking discrimination variable being established above, discrimination variable f is determined by shutting for temperature control load operationi tSentence surely with unlocking
Other variableTo determine temperature control load in the controllability of current control period, as shown in formula (6):
In formula,--- the controlled coefficient of the freedom of temperature control load,Indicate that the temperature control load is in free slave mode；
Indicate that the temperature control load is in the lock state, it is uncontrollable in current control period, current operation must be kept
State operation；
Based on the uncontrollability for being in compressor lock cell in temperature control load cluster, according to the controlled tendency of temperature control load
Property derive in current control period the available scheduling capacity of temperature control load cluster；
When using temperature control load cluster provide cut down scheduling capacity when, when be applied to refrigerating environment when, temperature control load by
Controlling temperature dead zone indicates are as follows: [Tset,Tset+ Δ T], then shown in the available scheduling capacity range of temperature control load such as formula (7)；
When providing increase scheduling capacity using temperature control load cluster, the controlled temperature dead zone of temperature control load is expressed as
[Tset-ΔT,Tset], then shown in the available scheduling capacity range of temperature control load such as formula (8):
In formula,--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- the average load power consumption of temperature control load under normal operating conditions in building L；
--- temperature control load j turns off potentiality in the monocycle at current time；
P --- the nominal operation power of temperature control load；
tmin--- it avoids frequently controlling the minimum period allowed；
--- be respectively temperature control load of about before beam it is corresponding can the turn-off time with can the opening time；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum；
The scheduling capacity that temperature control load provides should meet in given controlled temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] under temperature control load collection
Group can provide maximum scheduling capacity limitation；
In given controlled temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] under, can obtain temperature control load cluster by Chebyshev's law of large numbers can
The maximum scheduling capacity of offer, such as formula (10), (11) are shown:
In formula,--- the available maximum reduction scheduling capacity of temperature control load；
--- the available maximum increase scheduling capacity of temperature control load；
The scheduling capacity of estimation should also meet formula (12), (13)；
According to calculated above, Load aggregation quotient of the architectural controller into upper layer control cage structure sends the building where it
In the available scheduling capacity of temperature control load it is horizontal.
Preferably, in the top level control framework, Load aggregation quotient polymerize the scheduling of temperature control load as unit of building
Potentiality, multiple buildings under Load aggregation quotient control constitute a multi agent systems, and are meeting Load aggregation quotient
Total activation demandConsistency tracing control during, with the corresponding dispatching requirement of each buildingFor control object into
Row regulation exists when the multi agent systems under Load aggregation quotient control reach ideally uniform character state:
In formula, M, L --- the number of controlled building building；
αML--- consistency coefficient is indicated, for standardizing each building pair for possessing different load scheduling capacity level
The load scheduling demand answered；
Respectively indicate the maximum scheduling capacity that building L, M allow to provide
When reaching ideally uniform character state, it should also meet the control target of Load aggregation quotient, it may be assumed that
Preferably, in the top level control framework, Load aggregation quotient restrains control by distributed under Consistent framework
Agreement guidance building processed provides the convergence direction of load scheduling capacity；
It is described distribution pinning control agreement include:
1) State Feedback Design of global guidance information
It is that feedback is corresponding to controlled building with the practical deviation provided between scheduling capacity of total activation demand and groups of building
Dispatching requirementIt is adjusted, as shown in formula (31):
In formula, μ --- feedback gain；
--- the deviation of the practical offer scheduling capacity of groups of building under total activation demand and Load aggregation quotient；
PLFor the nominal operation power of temperature control load in building L；
SLFor the state conversion plan of temperature control load in building L；
2) the pinning control design of state consistency tracking
According to feedback deviation, coordinates the load scheduling that different buildings provide according to distributed pinning control thought and hold
Amount, coordination control strategy design is as shown in formula (32):
In formula, ω --- indicate stiffness of coupling；
ΔPreq_L(t) --- indicate that building L corresponds to the adjustment amount of dispatching requirement；
cLM--- incidence coefficient indicates to whether there is communication line between adjacent building, indicates exist between two buildings for 1
It writes to each other, indicates that there is no write to each other between two buildings for 0；
qL--- drag coefficient is 0-1 variable, indicates to be directly connected to Load aggregation quotient for 1, can directly receive load
It polymerize the regulation and controlling of information of quotient, is not directly connected to Load aggregation quotient then for 0；
βL--- consistency coefficient is restrained, with consistency coefficient αMLIt is similar, it is poly- with load with consistency coefficient specification is restrained
The corresponding dispatching requirement of building that quotient is connected directly is closed, the corresponding dispatching requirement variable quantity of each building is standardized, L=1,2,
3,…,Nbc；
Restrain consistency coefficient βLIt indicates are as follows:
Load aggregation quotient can according to temperature control load in building under the communication network and lower state between building in control process
The scheduling capacity of offer is horizontal, calculates corresponding containing consistency coefficient to obtain total schedulable range of capacity；
Architectural controller of the Load aggregation quotient into lower layer's control cage structure, which is sent, carries the scheduling appearance that each building should provide
The scheduling controlling demand of amount.
Preferably, in lower layer control framework, architectural controller is held with the corresponding scheduling of the building building L of its control
The minimum target of demand disruption is measured, with the switch state of air conditioner loadState conversion plan is formulated for decision variable, is set respectively
The fixed objective function provided when cutting down scheduling capacity and increase scheduling capacity, as shown in formula (14) and (15), in the mesh of foundation
In scalar functions, for the switch tendency for complying with temperature control load, preferential shutdown tendency turns off the unit in set Λ, preferential to open tendency
Open set CLUnit in Λ passes through the free controlled coefficient δ of setting in Controlling object functioni tTo consider controlled temperature control load
Compressor locking-up effect controlled just for the temperature control load in free state in the control period each time；
When reduction scheduling capacity is provided, objective function are as follows:
When increase scheduling capacity is provided, objective function are as follows:
In formula, Pk--- the nominal operation power of air-conditioning；
NL--- the corresponding load sum of building L；
--- work normally the average load power consumption of air conditioner load in lower building L；
--- it respectively shuts and determines coefficient and unlock to determine coefficient；
--- it is respectively the switch state of load freely controlled coefficient and air conditioner load；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、NCLΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
--- the corresponding dispatching requirement of building L, positive value indicate reduction capacity scheduling demand, and negative value, which indicates to increase, to be held
Measure dispatching requirement；
Architectural controller in lower layer's control framework is according to conversion time match control strategy to temperature control load cluster
When being controlled, need to meet following constraint condition:
(1) scheduling capacity to avoid temperature control load from providing is more than the available maximum capacity of its current control period, is answered
Meet constraint formulations (16)-(17):
In formula,--- the maximum scheduling capacity that building L allows to provide；
When providing reduction scheduling capacity service,Maximum reduction scheduling capacity available equal to building LIt is equal to building L available maximum increase scheduling capacity when increase scheduling capacity service is provided
(2) unit in preferential shutdown tendency shutdown set Λ, preferential tendency of opening open set CLUnit in Λ
On the basis of, opening time short unit is preferentially turned off in tendency shutdown set Λ, in tendency unlatching set CLIt is preferential in Λ
Turn-off time short unit is opened, shown in constraint condition such as formula (18)-(19):
(3) temperature control load is considered there are compressor locking, and the temperature control load being in the lock state can only keep it currently to transport
Row state, and cannot be adjusted, the Controlling model of temperature control load should also meet constraint formulations (7)-(12)；
(4) room temperature of each controlled temperature control load should ensure that within the scope of the temperature pleasant that user allows:
Ti min≤Ti t≤Ti max(20)
In formula, Ti t--- room temperature；
Ti max、Ti min--- it is respectively the corresponding operating temperature dead zone temperature upper limit of controlled air conditioner load and lowest temperature；
(5) reach M next state switch instant in building LWhen, switch conversion is carried out by the conversion plan of formulation, more
The switch state of new temperature control load cluster, and predict the corresponding cluster state conversion time t of building Lstt_L, calculate and carry out next time
At the time of switch conversionAs shown in formula (22)-(24):
In formula, tperiod--- the update cycle of demand for control in Controlling model；
Loff、Lon--- the air conditioner load set with open state is in close state in respectively building L.State is not reached
Before switch instant, architectural controller according to the new state conversion time of metric data and equivalent heat Application of Parametric Model Forecasting and estimate by
Temperature control control load is in the load quantity of free slave mode,
Not up to before state switch instant, architectural controller according to metric data predict new state conversion time and estimate by
Temperature control control load is in the load quantity of free slave mode, constantly updates to mention high control precision, passes through solving optimization problem
Formula (14)-(24) obtain the cluster state switch instant each time of heterogeneous temperature control load cluster in building.
As can be seen from the technical scheme provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the invention proposes one towards intelligent building
The heterogeneous temperature control load layering aggregation control system of space is realized to the polymerization of a large amount of heterogeneous temperature control load scheduling capacity, is
Higher level provides flexible back scheduling capacity.Under hierarchical control framework, lower layer proposes one from state conversion time angle
A state conversion time match control strategy realizes difference in building and runs being uniformly controlled for power heterogeneity temperature control load；
Upper layer is based on Consistent framework, proposes a distributed pinning control, realizes the different buildings in sparse communication network and mentions
For the coordinated control of load scheduling capacity.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings others
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of research method schematic diagram of temperature control load clustered control strategy and model in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is a kind of variation dynamic schematic diagram of the air conditioner load provided in an embodiment of the present invention in controlled temperature section
Fig. 3-1 is a kind of hierarchical control framework signal of temperature control load cluster control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3-2 is a kind of temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Control process flow diagram；
Fig. 3-3 is a kind of flexibility variation signal that air conditioner load is considered from time angle provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3-4 is the communication topology figure of controlled building under a kind of quotient from Load aggregation provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3-5 is that outdoor temperature changes schematic diagram in a kind of control process provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3-6 provides scheduling capacity situation contrast schematic diagram for a kind of different control strategies provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
When Fig. 3-7 (a) is that a kind of priority of status provided in an embodiment of the present invention controls lower controller generation communication disruption
Different control strategies provide scheduling capacity situation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3-7 (b) a kind of is mentioned under hierarchical control when communication disruption occurs for controller not by provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Scheduling capacity situation schematic diagram is provided with control strategy；
When Fig. 3-8 (a) is that a kind of priority of status provided in an embodiment of the present invention controls lower controller generation communication delay
Different control strategies provide scheduling capacity situation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3-8 (b) a kind of is mentioned under hierarchical control when communication delay occurs for controller not by provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Scheduling capacity situation schematic diagram is provided with control strategy.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singular " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that being arranged used in specification of the invention
Diction " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or when " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes one or more associated any cells for listing item and all combinations.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary should be understood that in the present invention up and down with the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning and unless defined as here.
In order to facilitate understanding of embodiments of the present invention, it is done by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with attached drawing further
Explanation, and each embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention from the availability for promoting temperature control load scheduling potentiality and the reliability of implementation of tightening control,
It establishes and adapts to the load cluster control system that temperature control load heterogeneity and geographical location dispersed distribution are coupled, it is different by realizing
Operation power heterogeneity temperature control load directly controls to promote the availability of temperature control load scheduling potentiality, reduce communication system reality
The complexity applied and the control precision for promoting aggregate load scheduling capacity；By establishing one kind, " Load aggregation quotient -- building are built
Build-temperature control load " delamination & divergence, Lai Tisheng temperature control load participate in demand response reliability and can expand
Property, while privacy of user being protected not leak outside in building building, realize that temperature control load colony dispatching holds under demand response mechanism
Amount is efficiently and reliably assembled, and the scheduling potentiality of temperature control load are given full play to.
The present invention first proposed from the coupled characteristic for adapting to temperature control load heterogeneity and geographical location dispersed distribution
One " Load aggregation quotient's-building construction-temperature control load " hierarchical control framework towards intelligent building, it is right as unit of building
The heterogeneous temperature control load cluster of dispersed distribution implements the framework of control.Be then based on the hierarchical control framework of foundation, lower layer from
Time angle, which is set out, coordinates the dispatching flexibility of heterogeneous temperature control load, proposes a state conversion time match control plan
Slightly, it realizes and temperature control load heterogeneous in same building building is uniformly controlled, reliable and stable scheduling capacity is provided for higher level.
Upper layer is directed to the temperature control load scheduling capacity being distributed in building building group, from the Collaborative Control of multi agent systems, In
A distributed pinning control algorithm is proposed under consistency control framework, realizes the different building buildings under sparse communication network
The coordinated control of load scheduling capacity in the world.Meanwhile the Controlling model established all consider temperature control load controlled tendency and
Compressor locking-up effect avoids the excessive loss to load.
Temperature control load cluster hierarchical control framework based on architectural controller is established as temperature control load cluster control system
With the key of implementation, the characteristic that should fully consider control object is established.Heterogeneous temperature control load is because of environment and user demand
Diversification divides and dissipates and be distributed in building building group, for the dispatching flexibility response under demand response mechanism using temperature control load
The dispatching requirement of power grid participates in ancillary service, it is necessary to corresponding control system is constructed from the outstanding hair of the reality of temperature control load, because
This, the present invention to build as temperature control load clustered control in the temporary location formed a connecting link, propose one as shown in figure 3-1
The hierarchical control framework based on architectural controller, for realizing extraction and management to heterogeneous temperature control load scheduling potentiality.
Architectural controller (Building Controller, BC) in above-mentioned hierarchical control framework is mounted on building building
It is interior, it can be realized and different operation power heterogeneity temperature control Load aggregations are controlled, and receive Load aggregation quotient management, to upper layer
It can reflect the available flexible spare capacity situation of temperature control load in building building, temperature in building building may be implemented to lower layer
The operating status adjustment for controlling load, is required with meeting control.
In above-mentioned hierarchical control framework, on upper layer, Load aggregation quotient is according to the dispatching requirement of distribution network system and each
It is horizontal to build available flexible spare capacity, the scheduling capacity that each building should provide is determined, to realize top level control target.
In the operating status of scheduling controlling demand and temperature control load that lower layer, architectural controller send according to Load aggregation quotient, by straight
The operating status of controlled temperature control load in load control system means adjustment building is connect, to realize that lower layer controls target.In each control
In period processed, on the one hand the available scheduling capacity information of temperature control load is sent to Load aggregation quotient by architectural controller, and connect
Receive the traffic order of Load aggregation quotient.On the other hand the state of temperature and operating status of controlled temperature control load are monitored, and according to control
System requires the operating status of Load adjustment.
The communication polymerizeing between quotient and architectural controller is realized according to pinning control thought, and traditional collects one's thoughts
Be: polymerization quotient communicates with all architectural controllers, sends control information.And pinning control thought is: polymerization quotient passes through
Part architectural controller in many controlled architectural controllers is directly controlled and (exists to directly control and write to each other), is received
Building to control information realizes control information sharing by the communication between adjacent building, to realize to all controlled buildings
The control of controller, this realization write to each other is: polymerization quotient is sent to the architectural controller being connected directly for information is controlled
(restraining node), then by being in communication with each other between remaining construction controller (following node), by control information by containing node
To following node to spread, the shared of control information is realized, this just polymerize the Principle of Communication between quotient and controlled architectural controller.Institute
It is sparse with the communication network polymerizeing between quotient and building, is not concentration, close, is more suitable under demand response mechanism a large amount of
Building unit participates in control and expands new participation unit.
Under above-mentioned hierarchical control framework, temperature control load cluster participates in the polymerization control of Load aggregation quotient as unit of building
System, Load aggregation quotient need to only handle the scheduling capacity information of architectural controller transmission, be realized by architectural controller in building
The supervision and control of controlled temperature control load alleviate the communication pressure and control pressure of Load aggregation quotient side significantly, and can be with
Control delay is reduced, the stability and accuracy of control are improved.Moreover, architectural controller only sends building load group every time to be mentioned
The scheduling capacity information of confession gives Load aggregation quotient, it is not necessary to send load quantity, power, temperature the setting preference and switch etc. of user
Information, not only reduces communication pressure in this way, also protects privacy of user not reveal in building building, is convenient for demand response mechanism
Security implementation.From the point of view of angle is implemented in control, temperature control load is polymerize as unit of building, makes to control collection of writing to each other
In in building, the control for simplifying temperature control load cluster is write to each other, at the same also to use wireless control communication or building
Original communication line establishes control communication and provides possibility.It is compared in different buildings that the homogeneity of identical operation power is warm-natured
Control load establishes the complicated method polymerizeing again of writing to each other respectively, and this method is simpler, high reliablity.It is built by relying on
Intelligent control unit-architectural controller in building, by the heterogeneous temperature control Load aggregation in same building, then will be between building
It establishes a communications link, writing to each other for extensive temperature control load cluster can be formed.
Based on the hierarchical control framework being established above, for the coupling of temperature control load heterogeneity and geographical location dispersed distribution
It closes, proposes the hierarchical control scheme for carrying out polymerization control to temperature control load as unit of building.Lower layer control consider by
The controlled tendency and compressor lock condition of temperature control control load, according to state of the temperature control load in controlled temperature dead zone range,
A state conversion time match control strategy is proposed from time angle, is realized negative to temperature control heterogeneous in same building
Lotus is uniformly controlled.Control process is not necessarily to clustering processing, can reduce absolute error caused by individually controlling a small number of high power loads,
The complex communication connection of diverse geographic location similar parameter temperature control load can also be kept away, promote controlled temperature control load scheduling potentiality can
The property used.Top level control is directed to the temperature control load scheduling capacity being distributed in a large amount of building, realizes that difference is built using distributed AC servo system
A coordination for temperature control load scheduling capacity is built, specifically, according to the controlled available flexible dispatching capacity level difference of building
It is mentioned under Consistent framework with the autonomous characteristic for building interior temperature control load from the Collaborative Control angle of multi agent systems
A distributed pinning control strategy, the scheduling capacity provided under sparse communication network temperature control load different buildings have been provided
It is managed to realize global control target.Load aggregation quotient need to only establish direct with the controlled building in part under this control strategy
It writes to each other, remaining construction completes control target by the communication acquisition control information between adjacent building, new participation control
Building need to only be established with adjacent building and be communicated, and without establishing direct links with Load aggregation quotient control centre, can be enhanced
The expansion and stability of control strategy.Control strategy passes through the controlled tendency and compressor locking-up effect for considering load simultaneously,
The operating status for having complied with temperature control load avoids the excessive loss to load.
In the temperature control load cluster hierarchy system towards intelligent building of foundation, the hierarchical control frame based on proposition
Structure realizes being uniformly controlled for the interior heterogeneous temperature control load of building using match control strategy when converting in lower layer, adopts on upper layer
The coordinated control of heterogeneous temperature control load, Fig. 3-2 between realizing different buildings with the distributed pinning control under Consistent framework
For a kind of control process flow of the temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
The realization process of the lower layer control and top level control in above-mentioned control flow is specifically introduced separately below:
Lower layer's control --- heterogeneous temperature control load is uniformly controlled in building
This part of the invention realize in lower layer's control being uniformly controlled for heterogeneous temperature control load in same building.For mesh
The cluster control method of preceding temperature control load is mostly the centralized control for homogeney temperature control load, has ignored the heterogeneous of temperature control load
Property and the characteristic that is coupled of dispersed distribution, this section is established from time angle adapts to temperature control load heterogeneity and dispersed distribution is special
Property coupling polymerization control strategy, realization heterogeneous temperature control load is directly controlled.
(1) state conversion time match control is theoretical
The state of temperature control load includes state of temperature, switch state and the compressor lock state etc. of environment where it, this
Switch state is referred mainly in invention.In the case where meeting given temperature dead zone limited case, by current switch states to another switch
The process of state is defined as state conversion, the interval time between two states, referred to as state conversion time, corresponding generating state
At the time of conversion, referred to as state switch instant.
Although the parameters such as power, equivalent thermal capacitance, the thermal resistance of heterogeneous temperature control load are different, thermal energy change rate is different, it is difficult to
It is established according to its operation characteristic and is uniformly controlled, but in its operating temperature dead zone range, each temperature control load has one
A time for reaching its temperature dead zone bound, as shown in Fig. 3-3, the corresponding time is considered as each temperature control load
It cuts down capacity flexibility or increases the duration of capacity flexibility, therefore heterogeneous temperature control load can be coordinated from time angle and mentioned
The different flexible dispatching capacity supplied are required with meeting control.
The present invention is using temperature control load typical in building -- and air conditioner load is unfolded to study as control object, other types temperature control
Load can be obtained similarly.Meet control require switcher control schemes under controlled air conditioner load according to respective operating status to
Corresponding temperature direction variation, as shown in Fig. 3-3, each load has the state conversion for reaching the limitation of its corresponding temperature
Time.According to state conversion time concept, before not reaching state conversion time, power consumption is constant, can be by institute in load cluster
There is the state conversion time of load to match to obtain a maximum duration, guarantee that the flexibility level of all temperature control loads is constant,
Guarantee all loads in the limitation of temperature dead zone and without switch conversion, when which is referred to as the state conversion of cluster
Between, it then can be new to formulate according to reaching cluster state switch instant or newly controlling the controlled tendency situation of temperature control load in period
Heterogeneous temperature control load flexible dispatching capacity coordinate scheme formulates heterogeneous temperature control on-load switch scheme, next to meet
Control the control requirement in period.This scheduling capacity that heterogeneous temperature control load offer is provided according to the flexibility duration
Method is known as state conversion time match control strategy.In coordination process each time, on the one hand it is negative to close on temperature limiting for adjustment
On the other hand the operating status of lotus requires adjustment cluster operating status according to control, and predict cluster state conversion next time
Time so recycles, to realize the control to different operation power heterogeneity temperature control loads.
(2) state conversion time match control models
According to state conversion time match control strategy presented above, it is established that corresponding Controlling model.The present invention with
Building is that unit realizes that the polymerization to temperature control load cluster controls, and includes a large amount of temperature control load in each building, by every
The control of one building load is to realize the control to extensive temperature control load cluster, herein for a Buildings Modeling, remaining
The Controlling model of building is identical, and specific modeling process is as follows:
1) controlled tendentiousness modeling
It is measured for the dynamic performance model for setting up heterogeneous temperature control load cluster first from monomer temperature control load
The controlled potentiality and controlled tendency of temperature control load.
Firstly, establishing the controlled tendency characteristic quantity of heterogeneous temperature control load.It is dead negotiating determining controlled temperature with user
Area [Tmin,Tmax] in, controlled temperature control load runs state in which position difference according to it, and controlled tendency is different.Such as Fig. 2-3
Shown is state of temperature and switch state of the controlled air conditioner load under different temperatures dead zone under refrigerating environment, wherein grey color table
Show that load is closed, black indicates to open.For the comfort level for guaranteeing user, the unit closer to the controlled temperature upper limit is due to by temperature
The constraint in dead zone, operating status are more tended to open, conversely, the unit closer to lowest temperature more tends to controlled closing.
The now widely used temperature control load grouping based on priority of status makes a turn mode and is based on this thought to establish control
, but this control mode establishes control just for the load of identical operation power, it is contemplated that heterogeneous its thermal capacitance of temperature control load,
Thermal resistance and operation power are different, and the rate temperature change of each load is different, with state of temperature indicate controlled priority and by
The mode of control tendency is difficult to reflect the operation characteristic that heterogeneous temperature control load is different, it is difficult to negative to heterogeneous temperature control based on this foundation
Lotus accurately controls.
For being considered above, the present invention establishes the characteristic quantity for reflecting the controlled tendency of heterogeneous temperature control load from time angle.
As Figure 2-3, regardless of the parameter heterogeneity of temperature control load, controlled temperature bound is reached by current temperature status
Absolute time can effectively reflect the different operation characteristic of load, will for the measurement for realizing heterogeneous temperature control load operation characteristic
Absolute time obtains its relative operation time for reaching corresponding states compared with the cycle of operation in its controlled temperature dead zone.Opposite fortune
The row time reflects load state in which and its operation characteristic while considering load self-operating heterogeneity, can be effectively
Reflect the controlled tendency and scheduling potentiality of each load of heterogeneous temperature control load cluster, the equivalent thermal parameter mould established based on front
Type, shown in controlled tendency characteristic quantity such as formula (1)-(3) of the warm-natured control load of matter.
In formula, τ0--- by Current TemperaturesReach temperature upper limit TmaxThe required time, it is defined as the shut-in time；
τ1--- by Current TemperaturesReach lowest temperature TminThe required time, it is defined as the opening time；
ρ --- the monocycle turns off potentiality, indicates load in the controlled tendency of current control period, if ρ is larger, indicates temperature
Control load is inclined to controlled closing in current control period, if ρ is smaller, indicates that temperature control load is inclined in current control period
Controlled unlatching；
COP --- the energy efficiency coefficient of temperature control load；
The operation power of P --- temperature control load；
R --- room equivalent thermal resistance incorporates the equivalent thermal resistance of original air and solid；
C --- the equivalent thermal capacitance in room incorporates the equivalent thermal capacitance of original air and solid；
According to modeling above, considers that heterogeneous temperature control load operation characteristic is different, from time angle, born by temperature control
Lotus realizes heterogeneous temperature control by the relative operation time that current operating conditions reach controlled operational limit state in controlled period
The assessment of the controlled tendency of load and the measurement of controlled characteristic.
2) consider the schedulable status assessment of temperature control load of the controlled tendency of load
Firstly, determining temperature control load within the corresponding control period according to whether temperature control load is in compressor lock state
Controllability.
Unit in compressor lock state be it is uncontrollable, the compressor lock state of temperature control load includes opening state
The locking under locking and closed state under state can be determined, as follows by formula (4), formula (5).
In formula, t, i --- it is numbered at the time of being respectively current with temperature control load；
NL--- the load sum in building L, L indicate the number of building；
t0i--- at the time of the temperature control load i last time carries out switch conversion；
tlock--- the compressor locking time of temperature control load；
--- temperature control on-load switch state,It indicates to open,It indicates to close；
fi t--- discrimination variable is determined in shutting for temperature control load operation, fi t=1, which indicates that temperature control load i is in, closes locking shape
State, fi t=0 expression temperature control load i is in other states；
--- discrimination variable is determined in the unlocking of temperature control load operation,It indicates that temperature control load i is in and opens lock state,=0 expression temperature control load i is in other states.
Therefore, according to the locking discrimination variable being established above, discrimination variable f can be determined by shutting for temperature control load operationi tWith
Discrimination variable is determined in the unlocking of temperature control load operationTemperature control load is determined in the controllability of current control period, controllability is sentenced
Not as shown in formula (6).
In formula,--- the controlled coefficient of the freedom of temperature control load,Indicate that the temperature control load is in freely controlled shape
State,
Indicate that the temperature control load is in the lock state, it is uncontrollable in current control period, current operation must be kept
State operation.
Then, consider the uncontrollability that compressor lock cell is in temperature control load cluster, according to temperature control load by
It controls tendentiousness and derives the available scheduling capacity of temperature control load cluster in current control period.In view of controlled temperature control load collection
The scheduling potentiality of group derive from a large amount of monomer heterogeneity temperature control load, are controlling it by direct load control mode as higher level
When providing scheduling capacity, load caused by frequently controlling temperature control load on the one hand to be avoided to be lost, on the other hand also maintained
The diversity of temperature control load operating region avoids power swing caused by running because of synchronizing at load, so, in research Control-oriented
Temperature control load cluster dynamic characteristic come when estimating its available scheduling capacity, also could should be control from this two o'clock
The formulation of strategy provides reliable control information, control problem caused by avoiding therefore.
According to modeling above, after the controllability and controlled tendentiousness information for obtaining temperature control load, to keep temperature control negative
The state diversity of lotus avoids load operation synchronous and avoids the frequent control to temperature control load to be principle, estimates temperature control load
The available scheduling capacity range of cluster.To comply with the current switch state of temperature control load and switch tendency, while avoiding ditty
It is principle that degree demand, which causes scheduling capacity to waste and guarantee user to compensate income, and the available scheduling of estimation temperature control load cluster is held
Measure lower limit；To make full use of the scheduling potentiality of temperature control load, while avoiding being principle, estimation temperature to the frequent control of temperature control load
Control the available scheduling capacity upper limit of load cluster.
When providing reduction scheduling capacity using temperature control load cluster, it is assumed that the controlled temperature dead zone signed with user is unified
It is expressed as [Tset,Tset+ Δ T] (by taking temperature control load refrigeration demand as an example), then estimating that available scheduling capacity range is such as public
Shown in formula (7).
When providing increase scheduling capacity using temperature control load cluster, it is assumed that the controlled temperature dead zone signed with user is unified
It is expressed as [Tset-ΔT,Tset] (by taking temperature control load refrigeration demand as an example), then estimating that available scheduling capacity range is such as public
Shown in formula (8).
In formula,--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- the average load power consumption of temperature control load under normal operating conditions in building L；
--- temperature control load j turns off potentiality in the monocycle at current time；
P --- the nominal operation power of temperature control load；
tmin--- it avoids frequently controlling the minimum period allowed；
--- be respectively temperature control load of about before beam it is corresponding can the turn-off time with can the opening time；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum.
Formula (7)-(9) are passed through above on the basis of complying with the controlled tendency of temperature control load, it is negative to have estimated temperature control
The available flexible dispatching capacity situation of lotus, to make temperature control load cluster is sustainable stable to provide flexible spare capacity, institute
The scheduling capacity of offer should also meet its controlled temperature section [Tmin,Tmax] determine can provide the limitation of maximum scheduling capacity.
In given controlled temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] under, can obtain temperature control load cluster by Chebyshev's law of large numbers can
The maximum scheduling capacity of offer, such as formula (10), (11) are shown.
In formula,--- the available maximum reduction scheduling capacity of temperature control load；
--- the available maximum increase scheduling capacity of temperature control load.
To avoid temperature control load cluster because of oscillation of power caused by excessively adjusting generation pull(ing) effect, the scheduling capacity of estimation is also
Formula (12), (13) should be met.
To sum up, it is realized by building formula (1)-(13) and heterogeneous temperature control load cluster controlling dynamic characteristic is built
Mould can effectively assess the schedulable state of controlled temperature control load cluster using the transient state controllability subindex of building.In
The controlled tendency of controlled temperature control load and the dynamic change of controllability are considered in the evaluation process of the schedulable state of load cluster,
Scheduling controlling plan can be formulated for higher level, and effective control information is provided.
3) objective function
Load aggregation quotient by by the dispatching requirement of system be assigned to each participate in controlled building unit realize with
The flexible interaction of power grid, for the dispatching requirement general objective for realizing system, the building building L under Load aggregation quotient control is with right with it
The minimum target of scheduling capacity demand disruption answered, with the switch state of air conditioner loadState conversion side is formulated for decision variable
Case calculates the switching arrangement of the temperature control load in the conversion of each next state, reliable and stable scheduling capacity is provided for higher level.
Wherein, it is different with objective function when increasing scheduling capacity to provide reduction scheduling capacity, such as formula (14) and (15)
Shown, in the objective function of foundation, for the switch tendency for complying with temperature control load, preferential shutdown tendency turns off the list in set Λ
Member, preferential tendency of opening open set CLUnit in Λ, to avoid the excessive loss caused by temperature control load, in control target
Pass through the free controlled coefficient of setting in functionThe compressor locking-up effect of controlled temperature control load is considered, in control each time
Period is controlled just for the temperature control load in free state.
When reduction scheduling capacity is provided:
When increase scheduling capacity is provided:
In formula, Pk--- the nominal operation power of air-conditioning；
NL--- the corresponding load sum of building L；
--- work normally the average load power consumption of air conditioner load in lower building L；
--- it respectively shuts and determines coefficient and unlock to determine coefficient；
--- it is respectively the switch state of load freely controlled coefficient and air conditioner load；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、NCLΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
--- the corresponding dispatching requirement of building L, positive value indicate reduction capacity scheduling demand, and negative value, which indicates to increase, to be held
Measure dispatching requirement.
4) constraint condition
When according to conversion time match control strategy to temperature control load cluster carry out control provide scheduling capacity for higher level when,
Meet the requirement such as users'comfort simultaneously to guarantee that control is steady, should also meet following constraint condition:
(1) scheduling capacity to avoid temperature control load from providing is more than the available maximum capacity of its current control period, is led
The operation of temperature control synchronizing at load is caused, power swing is caused, constraint formulations (16)-(17) should be met:
In formula,--- the maximum scheduling capacity that building L allows to provide.
When providing reduction scheduling capacity service,Maximum reduction scheduling capacity available equal to building LIt is equal to building L available maximum increase scheduling capacity when increase scheduling capacity service is provided
(2) excessive wear is caused to load to avoid frequently controlling, and gives full play to the dispatching flexibility of air conditioner load, In
Controlled tendency is had been contemplated that in objective function: the unit in preferential shutdown tendency shutdown set Λ, preferential tendency of opening open collection
Close CLOn the basis of unit in Λ, further setting is constrained, and it is short preferentially to turn off the opening time in tendency shutdown set Λ
Unit opens set C in tendencyLTurn-off time short unit is preferentially opened in Λ, is frequently held to avoid temperature control load cluster
The transformation of row switch state, as shown in formula (18)-(19):
(3) in view of the mechanical restriction of the compressor operating principle of temperature control load, there are compressor locking, places for temperature control load
In lock state unit its can only keep its current operating conditions, and cannot be adjusted, therefore, Controlling model should also meet about
Beam formula (7)-(12).
(4) to prevent temperature beyond limit guarantee users'comfort, the room temperature of each controlled air conditioner load be should ensure that
Within the scope of the temperature pleasant that user allows.
Ti min≤Ti t≤Ti max(20)
In formula, Ti t--- room temperature；
Ti max、Ti min--- it is respectively the corresponding operating temperature dead zone temperature upper limit of controlled air conditioner load and lowest temperature.
(5) reach M next state switch instant in building LWhen, switch conversion is carried out by the conversion plan of formulation, more
The switch state of new temperature control load cluster, and predict the corresponding cluster state conversion time t of building Lstt_L, calculate and carry out next time
At the time of switch conversionAs shown in formula (22)-(24).
In formula, tperiod--- the update cycle of demand for control in Controlling model；
Loff、Lon--- the air conditioner load set with open state is in close state in respectively building L.State is not reached
Before switch instant, architectural controller according to the new state conversion time of metric data and equivalent heat Application of Parametric Model Forecasting and estimate by
Temperature control control load is in the load quantity of free slave mode, constantly updates to mention high control precision.Pass through solving optimization problem
Formula (14)-(24), heterogeneous temperature control load cluster is in the change point of cluster flexibility each time-cluster shape in available building
State switch instant, the flexibility Coordinated Control Scheme of corresponding dispatching requirement.By architectural controller, it may be implemented to build to same
The control for building middle heterogeneous temperature control load, accurately carries out the demand for control of Load aggregation quotient, completes the tune of system call plan
It is whole.This heterogeneous temperature control load established based on conversion time match control strategy is uniformly controlled scheme and avoided to heterogeneity
Load makees the problem low with flexibility is controlled of control performance difficulty caused by clustering processing, improves temperature control load and participates in demand sound
The availability and flexibility that should be serviced.For temperature control load building construction group numerous under Load aggregation quotient, they can pass through
The consistency Tracing Control strategy designed below realizes the coordination of load scheduling capacity between different buildings.
Top level control --- the coordinated control of heterogeneous temperature control load between building
Realize the coordinated control of different building temperature control load scheduling capacity in top level control in this part of the invention.According to upper
It is found that in each building, architectural controller can be according to control under conversion time match control strategy for the modeling of one section
It is higher level it is required that controlling the working condition of temperature control load in the case where meeting the constraints such as users'comfort, compressor locking
Scheduling capacity is provided, there is very strong autonomy, therefore in each building, the temperature control load under architectural controller control is visual
For an autonomous agent system, then, multiple building units under Load aggregation quotient control just constitute a multi agent systems
(multi-agent system), Load aggregation quotient also just can be considered autonomous agent more than one for the process that higher level provides scheduling capacity
Harmonic Control between system.
The coordinated controls of load scheduling capacity are provided by studying different building building under Consistent framework, it can will be each
The building building for providing load scheduling capacity are considered as a node, and the Collaborative Control of multiple building building units can be attributed to one
A consistency tracking problem, i.e., multiple autonomous agents (follower) track the movement of an autonomous agent (leader), wherein follower
For controlled building building, leader is Load aggregation quotient.
Because building L according to its corresponding scheduling capacity demand in the internal dynamic control of each autonomous agentCome
The switch state of control temperature control load cluster provides scheduling capacity for higher level, so meeting Load aggregation quotient's total activation demandConsistency tracking problem in, with the corresponding dispatching requirement of each buildingRegulated and controled for control object, that is to say by
It is each to build corresponding dispatching requirementIt is considered as the quantity of state of building node.So, when more under Load aggregation quotient control
When autonomous agent system reaches ideally uniform character state, exist:
M, L in formula --- the number of controlled building building can indicate corresponding controlled building；
αML--- it indicates consistency coefficient, does specific introduction to it below.
Because reaching the every of ideally uniform character state when studying the coordinated control of multi agent systems under Consistent framework
The state of a node be it is identical, as shown in formula (25).But load scheduling capacity is provided in the building building studied
In Harmonic Control, since each load scale possessed of building is different, the corresponding load scheduling potentiality possessed are horizontal
Just different, therefore, it is not its ideally uniform character state that each building construction, which provides same load scheduling capacity, corresponding yet
Ideally uniform character state should be wanted according to its own available load scheduling capacity level to respond the control of Load aggregation quotient
It asks and load scheduling capacity is provided.So shown in corresponding perfect condition such as formula (25), with consistency coefficient αMLTo standardize
Possess the corresponding load scheduling demand of different load scheduling capacity horizontal constructions, so as to the research building building under Consistent framework
The coordinated control of load scheduling capacity is provided.Wherein, consistency coefficient αMLIt may be expressed as:
Respectively indicate the maximum scheduling capacity that building L, M allow to provide
In control process, it can obtain the available scheduling capacity situation of adjacent building according to communicating with one another between building and calculate
Consistency coefficient.
When reaching ideally uniform character state, it should also meet the control target of Load aggregation quotient, it may be assumed that
The state conversion time match control strategy proposed according to a upper section is to the heterogeneous temperature control load in same building
It is controlled, the temperature control load condition conversion plan S that will be obtainedLIt is denoted as:
The nominal operation power P of temperature control load in corresponding building LLIt may be expressed as:
Then building the corresponding power consumption of L is PL·SL, the scheduling capacity actually provided is:
It is followed in multi agent systems in the leader-of foundation, in order to which the scheduling capacity for enabling building to provide converges to completely
The value of sufficient formula (25)-(27) introduces distributed pinning control guidance building building under Consistent framework and provides load scheduling
The convergence direction of capacity.
Under Consistent framework, the load scheduling of building building offer is guided in a distributed way using pinning control thought
Capacity realizes that the key of Load aggregation degree of negotiating the transfer of requirement tracking be the reasonable control communication protocol of design, which answers
Meet following functions:
(1) it is based on communication network, makes controlled building unit and adjacent building unit can be by information exchange each other, part
Coordinate to reach system conformance state；
(2) target information can be traced in the controlled building of each autonomous agent while tending to consistency, to reach system expectation
Dispatching requirement
(3) in control process, Load aggregation quotient only contacts with part building unit and adjusts its corresponding dispatching requirement,
Remaining building unit communicates with one another with neighbouring building unit, and desired dispatching requirement is reached by following.
According to functional requirement, the distribution pinning control agreement is designed in two steps:
1) State Feedback Design of global guidance information
In view of building corresponding dispatching requirement in top level control modelIt is unfolded to control for control object, is setting
It is feedback to temperature control load pair with total activation demand and the practical deviation for providing scheduling capacity in the Distributed Control protocols of meter
The dispatching requirement answeredIt is adjusted, as shown in formula (31).
In formula, μ --- feedback gain；
--- the deviation of the practical offer scheduling capacity of groups of building under total activation demand and Load aggregation quotient.
2) the pinning control design of state consistency tracking
According to superior provide scheduling capacity deviation situation, with and higher level provide scheduling capacity the minimum principle of deviation
The corresponding load scheduling demand of each controlled building is adjusted, in conjunction with distributed consensus control protocol and pinning control algorithm
Thought, different building load scheduling capacity coordination control strategy designs are as shown in formula (32).
In formula, ω --- indicate stiffness of coupling；
ΔPreq_L(t) --- indicate that building L corresponds to the adjustment amount of dispatching requirement；
cLM--- incidence coefficient indicates to whether there is communication line between adjacent building, indicates exist between two buildings for 1
It writes to each other, indicates to be not present for 0；
qL--- drag coefficient is 0-1 variable, indicates to be directly connected to Load aggregation quotient for 1, it is poly- can directly to receive load
The regulation and controlling of information of quotient is closed, is not directly connected to Load aggregation quotient then for 0；
βL--- consistency coefficient is restrained, with consistency coefficient αMLIt is similar, it is poly- with load with consistency coefficient specification is restrained
The corresponding dispatching requirement of building that quotient is connected directly is closed, the corresponding dispatching requirement variable quantity of each building is standardized, L=1,2,
3,…,Nbc。
Restrain consistency coefficient βLIt indicates are as follows:
Load aggregation quotient can be according to temperature control load in building under the communication network and lower state between building in control process
Available scheduling capacity is horizontal, calculates corresponding containing consistency coefficient to obtain total schedulable range of capacity.
To sum up, the distribution of offer load scheduling capacity between different buildings is provided in two steps by formula (31)-(33)
Pinning control.
Since in actually control, the data such as state of temperature, switch state of temperature control load are obtained by data sampling
It arrives, so by load scheduling capacity coordinated control model discretization between the building established in formula (31), after obtaining discretization
Control protocol are as follows:
In formula, td--- indicate the time interval that adjacent building is communicated.
According to the distributed pinning control agreement of design, by the corresponding load scheduling capacity provided of the controlled building of demand for control
Are as follows:
Simultaneously in order to avoid the load scheduling capacity that building provides is more than the available peak load of its current control period
Scheduling capacity should also meet constraint:
To sum up, according to formula (25)-(36), under Consistent framework, load scheduling capacity between different buildings is established
Distributed pinning control model realizes under sparse communication network by Load aggregation quotient's demand difference building load scheduling capacity
Coordinated control.Load aggregation quotient does not need to establish with all buildings and communicate under such control mode, simplifies Load aggregation
Writing to each other between quotient and building unit, not only the communication pressure of Load aggregation quotient side is small, but also convenient for expanding demand response clothes
Be engaged in into new building unit, new building unit need to only establish a communications link with neighbouring building unit can participate in it is negative
Lotus polymerize in the demand response service of quotient, it is not necessary to which quotient establishes direct links with Load aggregation.
For the validity of the mentioned control strategy of the verifying present invention, the simulation analysis of foundation is as follows:
To verify the temperature control load cluster hierarchy system towards intelligent building proposed, design in 20 buildings
Heterogeneous air conditioner load participates in demand response service and provides load scheduling capacity for higher level, participates in the heterogeneous air conditioner load of control
It is quantity totally 3820, heterogeneous for prominent load, power grade, equivalent thermal capacitance thermal resistance and Performance Coefficient of air conditioner load etc. are set
Parameter is different, proceeds from reality, and the bigger load quantity of setting operation power grade is fewer, for equal-wattage grade
Load, it is assumed that its thermal parameter obeys identical distribution, and the parameter distribution of air conditioner load is simulated using normal distribution, and correspondence is heterogeneous
The parameter situation of warm-natured control load is as shown in table 3-1.Wherein, the unit of temperature control load power grade are as follows: kW, the list of equivalent thermal capacitance
Position are as follows: J/ (kg DEG C), the unit of equivalent thermal resistance are as follows: DEG C/W.Emulation platform is MATLAB.
The parameter of table 3--1 heterogeneity air conditioner load
By mentioned control strategy, the communication network of composition is contacted between controlled building with adjacent building as shown in table 3-1.
Communication network illustrates the information flow path and direction of system, is based on communication network, can between respective main building
Realize information exchange each other.Different buildings is indicated with number in communication topology, and dash area indicates and to polymerize quotient direct
The containing Focal point building of communication selects building 8,9,12,14 as containing Focal point building in this example.Corresponding communication line by
Black curve indicates that Grey curves indicate the communication line between adjacent building.
The power consumption of temperature control load under normal operating conditions is to measure its important benchmark function that can provide scheduling capacity
Rate, it is assumed that the power consumption of heterogeneous air conditioner load under normal operating conditions is 24 DEG C, is signed in controlled process with user
Air conditioner load controlled temperature dead zone be [22 DEG C, 26 DEG C], it is upper for increasing power consumptions in [22 DEG C, 24 DEG C] control temperature control loads
Grade, which provides, increases scheduling capacity, provides reduction scheduling in [24 DEG C, 26 DEG C] control temperature control loads reduction power consumptions for higher level and holds
Amount.As in Figure 3-5, compressor locking time t is arranged in outdoor temperature variation in control processlockFor 1min, in temperature control load
The minimum time t allowed in controlled tendency set divisionminFor 1min, the communication cycle being arranged between adjacent building is 10s, if
The simulation step length for setting temperature control load is 1s.Assuming that indoor initial temperature is distributed in controlled temperature dead zone range.
The control effect of nominal situation lower leaf control system is analyzed
(1) precision analysis is controlled
The matching of proposed conversion time with the hierarchy system that distributed pinning control combines be as unit of building,
It controls different operation power heterogeneity air conditioner loads and provides scheduling capacity for higher level, control precision to verify it, emulation 20 is built
3820 in building heterogeneous air conditioner loads are in 10:00-22:00 P on demandreqReduction scheduling capacity, and and mesh are provided for higher level
Before the lower reduction capacity situation provided of priority of status control that is widely used establish comparison, (wherein, priority of status control is
By 20 build in air conditioner load be grouped by equal-wattage after control).Dispatching requirement is shown in black dotted lines in Fig. 3-6, In
Adjacent building can provide each other scheduling capacity situation calculating consistency coefficient α by communicating to obtain in control processMLWith lead one
Cause property coefficient βL, for system operator every 5min to polymerization quotient's transmission dispatching requirement, scheduling capacity exports result such as Fig. 3-6 institute
Show.
Dash-dotted gray line (scheduling capacity that the hierarchical control of proposition provides) and black dotted lines (system it can be seen from Fig. 3-6
The scheduling capacity of demand) it essentially coincides, hierarchical control proposed by the present invention can be good at realizing different operation power in building
Heterogeneous air conditioner load directly controls, and can coordinate different buildings and provide scheduling capacity, accurately guides according to higher level's demand
Polymerization quotient provides scheduling capacity for higher level, realizes the accurate tracking of control target.And solid black lines (priority of status control) with
Though black dotted lines essentially coincide, larger in the deviation of partial dot, priority of status control is held in the scheduling that partial period provides
There are biggish control deviations with demand dispatch capacity for amount.
The deviation situation of scheduling capacity and demand capacity is provided under two kinds of control strategies further to analyze, table 3-2 is shown
The control deviation situations of two kinds of control strategies.
Table 3-2 difference control strategy provides the deviation comparison of scheduling capacity
Table 3-2 is the comparison of the control deviation situation of entire control time 10:00-22:00.Analysis and Control deviation situation,
It can be obtained by table 3-2, the control deviation under priority of status control is greater than proposed hierarchical control, and maximum relation control deviation reaches
To 18%.According to simulation analysis above, the hierarchical control mentioned improves the polymerization control precision of temperature control load and utilizes temperature
The availability that load participates in demand response mechanism is controlled, the effect for tracking dispatching requirement is more preferable, and temperature control load of being more convenient for, which participates in, to be needed
Seek response mechanism.
(2) control flexibility and expansion are analyzed
To analyze the flexibility and expansion that hierarchical control proposed by the present invention is implemented, reduction scheduling capacity is provided above
Control background under, analyze the performance of corresponding control strategy, and control with priority of status and establish comparison.For the ease of right
Than analysis, make first it is assumed hereinafter that: (1) assume that the heterogeneous air conditioner loads of all different operation power are all evenly distributed in
20 build, that is, in each building, the heterogeneous air conditioner load quantity of corresponding power is identical；(2) it builds shown in Fig. 3-4
It builds in a communication topology, it is assumed that the communication distance between adjacent building is identical, that is, indicates the length of the blue line segment of communication line all
It is identical, and it is denoted as dc；(3) assume that the distance of air conditioner load to architectural controller is all identical in the inside of owned building building,
And it is denoted as di, particularly, setting(4) because priority of status control method is by identical operation power
Principle establishes control, the air conditioner load of 8 kinds of power grades is shared in example design, it is assumed that its corresponding load governor
It is mounted in the building of number 7-14；(5) by the position of the new building for participating in demand response service and corresponding communication in example
Connection is as shown in Figure 3-4, and the type and quantity of air conditioner load are identical as other controlled buildings in new building.With corresponding logical
Communication distance and control load quantity indicate flexibility and expansion that control strategy is implemented, as a result as shown in table 3-3.
Controllability and the expansion comparison that table 3-3 control strategy is implemented
Communication distance total needed for mentioned control strategy polymerization 3820 air conditioner loads of control is small it can be seen from table 3-3
The average communication of 0.24 times of the communication distance needed for priority of status controls, the controlled air conditioner load of monomer and controller is apart from small
0.27 times needed for priority of status control (whenWhen).Under mentioned control strategy, the position shown in Fig. 3-4 is newly-increased
Controlled building, priority of status controls under required increased communication distance deficiency the same terms 0.22 times (whenWhen).And
And the air conditioner load of the lower controller processing of priority of status control is more, the traffic of segment controller is bigger.
Reflect the feasibility that control strategy is implemented with communication distance index and traffic indicator, is increased with controlled building is increased newly
The communication distance added reflects therefore the expansion of control strategy is proposed it can be seen from simulation analysis result above
Temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building can promote temperature control load and participate in the flexible of demand response service
Property and expansion.This is because in the hierarchical control of proposition, on the one hand, conversion time match control is polymerize as unit of building
Temperature control load is controlled, realizes being uniformly controlled for different operation power heterogeneity temperature control loads in same building, so that control
Communication concentrates in controlled building, in Communication Set and simple；On the other hand, the distributed pinning control proposed is in sparse communication
Under network, provide communicated with adjacent building, local directed complete set, effectively coordinate different buildings and for higher level provide scheduling capacity, realization
The distributed consensus for controlling target to polymerization quotient follows.By using the distributed control towards intelligent building proposed
System, simplifies polymerization quotient and temperature control load is write to each other, and significantly reduces the communication pressure of polymerization quotient, new to participate in demand sound
The building answered need not directly write to each other with quotient's foundation is polymerize, and need to only communicate with adjacent building, not only simplify communication, and
And it is extended in new building convenient for demand response mechanism.
Fault condition lower leaf control system effect analysis
By the control effect for the hierarchical control that comprehensive verification proposes, example is established to communication disruption and communication delay failure
The control effect of operating condition lower leaf control system is analyzed, and is compared with priority of status control.It particularly, is objective
Influence when analysis generation communication failure to two kinds of control systems, it is contemplated that priority of status control is negative in a small number of high powers of control
The case where there are larger control deviations when lotus (example in 3.3.1 has verified that), only to 2kW-3kW function in the example of this section
The air conditioner load of rate grade is controlled, control time 14:00-15:30, and the period of breaking down is 14:30-15:00.
(1) communication disruption
When there is a load governor that communication disruption occurs in temperature control load cluster, (wherein, load governor is for dividing
Layer control is architectural controller, is the controller of certain power grade load for priority of status control), hierarchical control and state
The scheduling capacity situation that two priority classes provide is as shown in fig. 3 to 7.
With the load governor that quotient is connected directly is polymerize there is a situation where when communication disruption for simulation analysis.As Fig. 3-7 institute
Show, wherein dash-dotted gray line is dispatching requirement, and short dash line, long dotted line and solid black lines in Fig. 3-7 (a) are respectively priority of status
When communication disruption occurs for the load governor of the lower corresponding different capacity grade of control, the scheduling capacity situation that load cluster provides,
Solid black lines, long dotted line, short dash line and chain-dotted line in Fig. 3-7 (b) are respectively to correspond under hierarchical control and polymerize the direct phase of quotient
Even architectural controller occur communication disruption when, load cluster provide scheduling capacity the case where.
It can be seen from Fig. 3-7 under the hierarchical control proposed, whichsoever architectural controller occurs in communication
Disconnected, air conditioner load cluster can accurately track target dispatch demand, accurate scheduling capacity be provided for higher level, when a load
When communication disruption occurs for control, the influence to mentioned hierarchical control is smaller.This is because in the hierarchical control of proposition, it is distributed
Pinning control agreement shares controlled building building under sparse communication network by interactively communicating with adjacent building
Information is controlled, the building that communication disruption occurs still is able to obtain control information by the communication with adjacent building.But state prior
Control deviation during grade control is broken in the communications is very big, and the temperature control of the corresponding load governor polymerization that communication failure occurs is negative
Lotus capacity is bigger, and because deviation is bigger caused by communication disruption, as shown in fig. 3 to 7, the load capacity of 2kW power grade is maximum, leads to
It is also maximum that letter interrupts the influence generated.
(2) communication delay
Be as shown in figures 3-8 when having load governor that communication delay occurs in temperature control load cluster, hierarchical control and
The scheduling capacity situation that priority of status control provides.
Wherein, similar with the setting of communication disruption fault condition, simulation analysis and the load control for polymerizeing quotient and being connected directly
There is a situation where when communication disruption for device processed.As shown in figures 3-8, wherein dash-dotted gray line is dispatching requirement, the short void in Fig. 3-8 (a)
Line, long dotted line and solid black lines are respectively that the load governor of the lower corresponding different capacity grade of priority of status control communicates
When delay, the scheduling capacity situation that load cluster provides, solid black lines, long dotted line, short dash line and chain-dotted line in Fig. 3-8 (b)
Respectively under hierarchical control it is corresponding with architectural controller generation communication disruption that quotient is connected directly polymerize when, load cluster offer tune
The case where spending capacity.
Communication delay influences very little to the hierarchical control proposed it can be seen from Fig. 3-8, due to the layering control in proposition
In system, distributed pinning control agreement makes controlled building building logical by interacting with adjacent building under sparse communication network
Letter carrys out Compliance control information, so even if controlled air conditioner load cluster still is able to accurately track target dispatch there are communication delay
Demand provides accurate scheduling capacity for higher level.And during communication delay, priority of status control every secondary control information more
Control deviation when new is all very big, and the temperature control load capacity of corresponding load governor polymerization is bigger, caused by communication delay
Deviation it is bigger.
By simulation analysis above, it can be concluded that, the distributed pinning control strategy proposed passes through in sparse communication network
In the mode that controls in a distributed manner coordinate controlled building load scheduling capacity be provided, interaction can be passed through between adjacent building and realize information
Shared and local directed complete set tends to the global control target of polymerization quotient so that hierarchical control break in the communications and communication delay in the case of
It is still able to maintain good control effect, there is stronger control stability.
The heterogeneous temperature control load layering aggregation control system towards intelligent building that the invention proposes one is realized pair
The polymerization of a large amount of heterogeneity temperature control load scheduling capacity, provides flexible back scheduling capacity for higher level.Under hierarchical control framework,
Lower layer proposes a state conversion time match control strategy from state conversion time angle, realizes in building not
With being uniformly controlled for operation power heterogeneity temperature control load；Upper layer is based on Consistent framework, proposes distributed restrains and controls
System realizes the different buildings in sparse communication network and provides the coordinated control of load scheduling capacity.
(1) the polymerization control of heterogeneous temperature control load, the state conversion time matching strategy of proposition are established from time angle
Being uniformly controlled for heterogeneous temperature control load is realized in same building, avoids and individually controls high power temperature control based on clustering method
Error caused by load improves the availability of control precision and load side temperature control load scheduling potentiality, reduces control communication
The complexity and control enforcement difficulty of system.
(2) by the way that, using distributed pinning control, polymerization quotient need to only establish direct with part building under Consistent framework
Writing to each other can be realized control information and shares in entire controlled groups of building, realize the different buildings in sparse communication network
Between temperature control load scheduling capacity distributed and coordinated control, improve under communication fault state temperature control Load aggregation control it is steady
Qualitative and reliability.
(3) pass through the state conversion time match control strategy for implementing to propose under hierarchical control frame and distributed containing
Control strategy avoids the complexity of temperature control load between building on the one hand with building for unit direct polymerization heterogeneity temperature control load
Control communicates, coordinated control system between the building on the other hand based on sparse communication network, new to participate in building for demand response service
Building unit only needs to establish communication link with adjacent buildings, contacts, improves without establishing direct communication with polymerizer
Flexibility, feasibility and the scalability of temperature control load participation power grid demand response ancillary service.
(4) under hierarchical control framework, heterogeneous temperature control load is polymerize as unit of building and participates in power grid demand response clothes
Business protects privacy of user not reveal in building building, convenient for the security implementation of demand response mechanism.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention proposes the heterogeneous temperature control load layering aggregation control towards intelligent building
System processed is realized to the polymerization of a large amount of heterogeneous temperature control load capacitance-adjustables, provides flexible back scheduling capacity for higher level.Dividing
Under layer control framework, lower layer proposes a state conversion time match control strategy from state conversion time angle, real
Show difference in building and runs being uniformly controlled for power heterogeneity temperature control load；Upper layer is based on Consistent framework, proposes one
Distributed pinning control realizes the different buildings in sparse communication network and provides the coordinated control of load scheduling capacity.
The polymerization control of heterogeneous temperature control load is established from time angle, the state conversion time matching strategy of proposition is realized
Heterogeneous temperature control load is uniformly controlled in same building, is avoided and is individually controlled high power temperature control load based on clustering method
Caused by error, improve control precision and load side temperature control load scheduling potentiality availability, reduce control communication system
Complexity and control enforcement difficulty.
By the way that, using distributed pinning control, polymerization quotient only need to establish direct communication with part under Consistent framework
Connection can be realized control information and share in entire controlled groups of building, realize in sparse communication network temperature between different buildings
The distributed and coordinated control for controlling load scheduling capacity improves the stability that temperature control Load aggregation controls under communication fault state
And reliability.
It is controlled by the state conversion time match control strategy and distributed restrain implementing to propose under hierarchical control frame
System strategy avoids the complicated control of temperature control load between building on the one hand with building for unit direct polymerization heterogeneity temperature control load
System communicates, coordinated control system between the building on the other hand based on sparse communication network, the new building for participating in demand response service
Unit only needs to establish communication link with adjacent buildings, contacts without establishing direct communication with polymerizer, improves temperature
Control flexibility, feasibility and scalability that load participates in the ancillary service of power grid demand response.
Under hierarchical control framework, heterogeneous temperature control load is polymerize as unit of building and participates in the service of power grid demand response,
Privacy of user is protected not reveal in building building, convenient for the security implementation of demand response mechanism.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: attached drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in attached drawing or
Process is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the present invention can
It realizes by means of software and necessary general hardware platform.Based on this understanding, technical solution of the present invention essence
On in other words the part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products, the computer software product
It can store in storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD, including some instructions are used so that a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes the certain of each embodiment or embodiment of the invention
Method described in part.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device or
For system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to method
The part of embodiment illustrates.Apparatus and system embodiment described above is only schematical, wherein the conduct
The unit of separate part description may or may not be physically separated, component shown as a unit can be or
Person may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can root
According to actual need that some or all of the modules therein is selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Ordinary skill
Personnel can understand and implement without creative efforts.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of protection of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of temperature control load layering aggregation control method towards intelligent building characterized by comprising
It constructs to build the hierarchical control framework of the heterogeneous temperature control load cluster for unit dispersed distribution, the hierarchical control framework
Framework is controlled including top level control framework and lower layer；
In the top level control framework, Load aggregation quotient is available according to the dispatching requirement of distribution network system and each building
Scheduling capacity is horizontal, and the aggregation properties of the heterogeneous temperature control load based on dispersed distribution in different buildings are restrained by distributed
Control determines the scheduling capacity that each building should provide, and the architectural controller into lower layer's control cage structure, which is sent, carries each building
The scheduling controlling demand for the scheduling capacity that should be provided；
In lower layer control framework, the scheduling controlling demand that architectural controller is sent according to the Load aggregation quotient is by turning
Change the operating status of controlled temperature control load in time match control strategy adjustment same building object.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the architectural controller in lower layer control framework is mounted on
It builds in building, the Load aggregation quotient in Xiang Suoshu top level control framework sends the available scheduling of temperature control load in building
Capacity level, and receive the management of the Load aggregation quotient in the top level control framework, realize different operation power in building
Heterogeneous temperature control Load aggregation control, Load aggregation quotient are sent to directly connected architectural controller for information is controlled, build
It builds between controller by being in communication with each other, realizes the shared of control information.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in lower layer control framework, architectural controller pair
The controlled tendentiousness of heterogeneous temperature control load is modeled, by the absolute time of heterogeneous temperature control load and its controlled temperature dead zone
The cycle of operation compared to obtaining its relative operation time for reaching corresponding states, established from time angle and reflect that heterogeneous temperature control is negative
The controlled tendency characteristic quantity of lotus；
Shown in controlled tendency characteristic quantity such as formula (1)-(3) of the warm-natured control load of matter:
In formula, τ0--- by Current TemperaturesReach temperature upper limit TmaxThe required time, it is defined as the shut-in time；
τ1--- by Current TemperaturesReach lowest temperature TminThe required time, it is defined as the opening time；
ρ --- the monocycle turns off potentiality, indicates load in the controlled tendency of current control period, if ρ is larger, indicates that temperature control is negative
Lotus is inclined to controlled closing in current control period, if ρ is smaller, it is controlled to indicate that temperature control load is inclined in current control period
It opens；
COP --- the energy efficiency coefficient of temperature control load；
The operation power of P --- temperature control load；
R --- room equivalent thermal resistance incorporates the equivalent thermal resistance of original air and solid；
C --- the equivalent thermal capacitance in room incorporates the equivalent thermal capacitance of original air and solid.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, architectural controller is established in lower layer control framework
Consider the schedulable status assessment of temperature control load of the controlled tendency of load, it is true according to whether temperature control load is in compressor lock state
Determine controllability of the temperature control load within the corresponding control period；Unit in compressor lock state be it is uncontrollable, temperature control is negative
The compressor lock state of lotus includes the locking under open state and the locking under closed state, is determined by formula (4)-(5), such as
Shown in lower:
In formula, t, i --- it is numbered at the time of being respectively current with temperature control load；
NL--- the load sum in building L, L indicate the number of building；
t0i--- at the time of the temperature control load i last time carries out switch conversion；
tlock--- the compressor locking time of temperature control load；
--- temperature control on-load switch state,It indicates to open,It indicates to close；
fi t--- discrimination variable is determined in shutting for temperature control load operation, fi t=1, which indicates that temperature control load i is in, closes lock state, fi t
=0 expression temperature control load i is in other states；
--- discrimination variable is determined in the unlocking of temperature control load operation,It indicates that temperature control load i is in and opens lock state,=
0 expression temperature control load i is in other states；
According to the locking discrimination variable being established above, discrimination variable f is determined by shutting for temperature control load operationi tFixed differentiation becomes with unlocking
AmountTo determine temperature control load in the controllability of current control period, as shown in formula (6):
In formula,--- the controlled coefficient of the freedom of temperature control load,Indicate that the temperature control load is in free slave mode；
Indicate that the temperature control load is in the lock state, it is uncontrollable in current control period, current operating conditions must be kept
Operation；
Based on the uncontrollability for being in compressor lock cell in temperature control load cluster, pushed away according to the controlled tendentiousness of temperature control load
Lead the available scheduling capacity of temperature control load cluster in current control period；
When using temperature control load cluster provide cut down scheduling capacity when, when be applied to refrigerating environment when, temperature control load by temperature control
Spending dead zone indicates are as follows: [Tset,Tset+ Δ T], then shown in the available scheduling capacity range of temperature control load such as formula (7)；
When providing increase scheduling capacity using temperature control load cluster, the controlled temperature dead zone of temperature control load is expressed as [Tset-Δ
T,Tset], then shown in the available scheduling capacity range of temperature control load such as formula (8):
In formula,--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for increasing scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the lower limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- temperature control load provides the upper limit for cutting down scheduling capacity under slave mode in building L；
--- the average load power consumption of temperature control load under normal operating conditions in building L；
--- temperature control load j turns off potentiality in the monocycle at current time；
P --- the nominal operation power of temperature control load；
tmin--- it avoids frequently controlling the minimum period allowed；
--- be respectively temperature control load of about before beam it is corresponding can the turn-off time with can the opening time；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation and corresponding load sum；
The scheduling capacity that temperature control load provides should meet in given controlled temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] under temperature control load cluster can
Maximum scheduling capacity limitation is provided；
In given controlled temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] under, can obtain temperature control load cluster by Chebyshev's law of large numbers can provide
Maximum scheduling capacity, such as formula (10), shown in (11):
In formula,--- the available maximum reduction scheduling capacity of temperature control load；
--- the available maximum increase scheduling capacity of temperature control load；
The scheduling capacity of estimation should also meet formula (12), (13)；
According to calculated above, Load aggregation quotient of the architectural controller into upper layer control cage structure is sent in the building where it
The available scheduling capacity of temperature control load is horizontal.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in the top level control framework, Load aggregation Shang Yijian
The scheduling potentiality for polymerizeing temperature control load for unit are built, multiple buildings under Load aggregation quotient control constitute autonomous agent more than one
System, and meeting Load aggregation quotient's total activation demandConsistency tracing control during, with it is each building it is corresponding
Dispatching requirementRegulated and controled for control object, when the multi agent systems under Load aggregation quotient control reach ideally uniform
When character state, exist:
In formula, M, L --- the number of controlled building building；
αML--- indicate consistency coefficient, for standardize possess different load scheduling capacity level each building it is corresponding
Load scheduling demand；
Respectively indicate the maximum scheduling capacity that building L, M allow to provide
When reaching ideally uniform character state, it should also meet the control target of Load aggregation quotient, it may be assumed that
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the top level control framework, Load aggregation Shang Yi
Building is guided to provide the convergence direction of load scheduling capacity by distributed pinning control agreement under cause property frame；
It is described distribution pinning control agreement include:
1) State Feedback Design of global guidance information
It is feedback to the corresponding scheduling of controlled building with the practical deviation provided between scheduling capacity of total activation demand and groups of building
DemandIt is adjusted, as shown in formula (31):
In formula, μ --- feedback gain；
--- the deviation of the practical offer scheduling capacity of groups of building under total activation demand and Load aggregation quotient；
PLFor the nominal operation power of temperature control load in building L；
SLFor the state conversion plan of temperature control load in building L；
2) the pinning control design of state consistency tracking
According to feedback deviation, coordinate the load scheduling capacity that different buildings provide according to distributed pinning control thought, association
Adjust control strategy design as shown in formula (32):
In formula, ω --- indicate stiffness of coupling；
ΔPreq_L(t) --- indicate that building L corresponds to the adjustment amount of dispatching requirement；
cLM--- incidence coefficient indicates to whether there is communication line between adjacent building, indicates there is communication between two buildings for 1
Connection indicates that there is no write to each other between two buildings for 0；
qL--- drag coefficient is 0-1 variable, indicates to be directly connected to Load aggregation quotient for 1, can directly receive Load aggregation
The regulation and controlling of information of quotient is not directly connected to then for 0 with Load aggregation quotient；
βL--- consistency coefficient is restrained, with consistency coefficient αMLIt is similar, with containing consistency coefficient specification and Load aggregation quotient
The corresponding dispatching requirement of the building being connected directly standardizes the corresponding dispatching requirement variable quantity of each building, L=1,2,
3,…,Nbc；
Restrain consistency coefficient βLIt indicates are as follows:
Load aggregation quotient can provide according to temperature control load in building under the communication network and lower state between building in control process
Scheduling capacity it is horizontal, calculate corresponding containing consistency coefficient to obtain total schedulable range of capacity；
Architectural controller of the Load aggregation quotient into lower layer's control cage structure sends the scheduling capacity for carrying that each building should provide
Scheduling controlling demand.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, architectural controller is in lower layer control framework with it
The corresponding minimum target of scheduling capacity demand disruption of the building building L of control, with the switch state of air conditioner loadFor decision
Variable formulates state conversion plan, and the objective function provided when cutting down scheduling capacity and increase scheduling capacity is set separately, such as public
Shown in formula (14) and (15), in the objective function of foundation, for the switch tendency for complying with temperature control load, preferential shutdown tendency shutdown
Unit in set Λ, preferential tendency of opening open set CLUnit in Λ, in Controlling object function freely by setting
Controlled coefficientConsider the compressor locking-up effect of controlled temperature control load, in control period each time, just in from
It is controlled by the temperature control load of state；
When reduction scheduling capacity is provided, objective function are as follows:
When increase scheduling capacity is provided, objective function are as follows:
In formula, Pk--- the nominal operation power of air-conditioning；
NL--- the corresponding load sum of building L；
--- work normally the average load power consumption of air conditioner load in lower building L；
--- it respectively shuts and determines coefficient and unlock to determine coefficient；
--- it is respectively the switch state of load freely controlled coefficient and air conditioner load；
Λ、NΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of shutdown；
CLΛ、NCLΛ--- respectively it is inclined to temperature control load aggregation load sum corresponding with its of unlatching；
Φ、NΦ--- it is respectively CLThe shut-in time is greater than t in ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
Ψ、NΨ--- the opening time is greater than t in respectively ΛminLoad aggregation corresponding with its load sum；
--- the corresponding dispatching requirement of building L, positive value indicate that reduction capacity scheduling demand, negative value indicate to increase capacity scheduling
Demand；
Architectural controller in lower layer's control framework carries out temperature control load cluster according to conversion time match control strategy
When control, need to meet following constraint condition:
(1) scheduling capacity to avoid temperature control load from providing is more than the available maximum capacity of its current control period, should be met
Constraint formulations (16)-(17):
In formula,--- the maximum scheduling capacity that building L allows to provide；
When providing reduction scheduling capacity service,Maximum reduction scheduling capacity available equal to building L
It is equal to building L available maximum increase scheduling capacity when increase scheduling capacity service is provided
(2) unit in preferential shutdown tendency shutdown set Λ, preferential tendency of opening open set CLThe basis of unit in Λ
On, opening time short unit is preferentially turned off in tendency shutdown set Λ, in tendency unlatching set CLIt preferentially opens and closes in Λ
Short unit of disconnected time, shown in constraint condition such as formula (18)-(19):
(3) temperature control load is considered there are compressor locking, and the temperature control load being in the lock state can only keep it currently to run shape
State, and cannot be adjusted, the Controlling model of temperature control load should also meet constraint formulations (7)-(12)；
(4) room temperature of each controlled temperature control load should ensure that within the scope of the temperature pleasant that user allows:
Ti min≤Ti t≤Ti max (20)
In formula, Ti t--- room temperature；
Ti max、Ti min--- it is respectively the corresponding operating temperature dead zone temperature upper limit of controlled air conditioner load and lowest temperature；
(5) reach M next state switch instant in building LWhen, switch conversion is carried out by the conversion plan of formulation, updates temperature control
The switch state of load cluster, and predict the corresponding cluster state conversion time t of building Lstt_L, calculating carries out switching next time to be turned
At the time of changingAs shown in formula (22)-(24):
In formula, tperiod--- the update cycle of demand for control in Controlling model；
Loff、Lon--- the air conditioner load set with open state is in close state in respectively building L.It is not converted up to state
Before moment, architectural controller is according to the new state conversion time of metric data and equivalent heat Application of Parametric Model Forecasting and estimates by temperature control
Control load is in the load quantity of free slave mode,
Before not reaching state switch instant, architectural controller is predicted new state conversion time according to metric data and is estimated by temperature control
Control load is in the load quantity of free slave mode, constantly updates to mention high control precision, passes through solving optimization problem formula
(14)-(24) obtain the cluster state switch instant each time of heterogeneous temperature control load cluster in building.
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