CN110389378B - Seismic data zero phase correction method - Google Patents
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- CN110389378B CN110389378B CN201910343233.4A CN201910343233A CN110389378B CN 110389378 B CN110389378 B CN 110389378B CN 201910343233 A CN201910343233 A CN 201910343233A CN 110389378 B CN110389378 B CN 110389378B
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data zero phase correction method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a proper seismic data event as a phase correction reference event on a seismic section of a research work area; step 2: selecting a proper quality control seismic section or seismic data volume; and step 3: calculating the equal amplitude energy of the in-phase axis corresponding to different correction angles; and 4, step 4: selecting an angle corresponding to the maximum balanced amplitude energy as a zero phase correction angle of the seismic data volume aiming at the balanced amplitude energy recorded in the step 3; and 5: and (4) applying the zero-phase correction angle calculated in the step (4) to the seismic data volume so as to perform zero-phase correction on the seismic data. The seismic data zero-phase correction method is clear in principle, simple to operate and particularly suitable for seismic geological interpretation technicians.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a seismic data zero-phase correction method.
Background
The zero-phase seismic data not only have higher resolution, but also are the basis of seismic data calibration and seismic sedimentology interpretation. The conventional seismic data zero-phasing processing technology and means generally need wavelet extraction and deconvolution processing in a seismic data processing stage, and have the disadvantages of complex processing method and process, high quality control difficulty, multiple uncertain factors and difficulty in mastering by seismic data interpreters. Therefore, a novel seismic data zero-phase correction method is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seismic data zero-phase correction method which can realize zero-phasing of seismic data based on the rule that the energy is most concentrated and the resolution ratio is highest when the seismic data is in a zero-phase state.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the seismic data zero phase correction method comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a proper seismic data event as a phase correction reference event on a seismic section of a research work area; step 2: selecting a proper quality control seismic section or seismic data volume; and step 3: calculating the equal amplitude energy of the in-phase axis corresponding to different correction angles; and 4, step 4: selecting an angle corresponding to the maximum balanced amplitude energy as a zero phase correction angle of the seismic data volume aiming at the balanced amplitude energy recorded in the step 3; and 5: and (4) applying the zero-phase correction angle calculated in the step (4) to the seismic data volume so as to perform zero-phase correction on the seismic data.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, the selection criteria of the seismic data event are that the event with simple contact relation, continuous and stable horizontal direction and obvious change of lithology or impedance characteristics of upper and lower strata is selected.
In step 2, the selected seismic section or seismic data volume is a special geologic body which is far away from faults, stratum pinch-out and lithologic mutation and influences the stability of the seismic data in the event of the same phase axis.
In step 3, phase correction is carried out on the quality control seismic section or seismic data volume selected in the step 2 within a certain angle range, and the balanced amplitude energy of the quality control seismic section or quality control seismic data volume corresponding to the correction angle and corresponding to the same axis selected in the step 1 is recorded.
In step 3, the selected angular correction range is-90 degrees to +90 degrees.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step a: recording the maximum amplitude energy of each seismic channel of the quality control seismic section or the quality control seismic data body corresponding to the same-direction axis selected in the step 1;
step b: and taking the maximum amplitude energy of all seismic traces as the arithmetic mean or root-mean-square as the equilibrium amplitude energy of the same phase axis.
According to the seismic data zero-phase correction method, according to the Okamm razor principle, the principle is called as 'if unnecessary, do not add entity', namely 'simple effective principle', when seismic data is in a zero phase, the energy of a seismic reflection homophase axis is most concentrated, and the position of the energy maximum is consistent with the position of a reflection interface; the phase shift can cause the dispersion of the reflected energy, and the maximum of the energy of the in-phase axis is displaced from the geological reflection interface. Based on the rule that the energy is most concentrated and the resolution ratio is highest when the seismic data is in the zero phase, if a method which can be referred to and can judge the position with the maximum energy of the in-phase axis can be found in the seismic data, the zero phase of the seismic data can be realized. Compared with the fine wavelet shaping method for realizing seismic data zero-phase phasing and the like by extracting wavelets and utilizing a convolution operator, the seismic data zero-phase correction method is clear in principle, simple to operate, accurate in data, easy to realize and particularly suitable for seismic geological interpretation technicians.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a seismic data zero phase correction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of forward results of different angles of Ricker wavelets for different types of reservoirs in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of selected t6 in-phase axes and phase correction quality control cross-sections in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of corrected phase versus equalized amplitude energy values in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of a zero-phased front and rear seismic section in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of stratigraphic slices before and after zero phasing in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the seismic data zero-phase correction method of the present invention.
Step 101: and selecting a proper seismic data event as a phase correction reference event on the seismic section of the research work area. The selection standard of the seismic data homophase axes lies in selecting the homophase axes which have simple contact relation, are continuous and stable in the transverse direction and have obvious change of lithology or impedance characteristics of upper and lower strata.
Step 102: selecting a proper quality control seismic section or seismic data volume; the selected seismic section or seismic data body needs to be far away from special geologic bodies which influence the stability of the seismic data in the event of the fault, stratum pinch-out, lithologic mutation and the like as far as possible.
Step 103: and (3) carrying out phase correction on the quality control seismic section or the seismic data body selected in the step 102 within a certain angle range, and recording the balanced amplitude energy of the quality control seismic section or the quality control seismic data body corresponding to the correction angle, corresponding to the selected homodromous axis in the step 1. The selected angular correction range is typically selected to be-90 degrees to +90 degrees.
The method comprises the following steps:
step a: recording the maximum amplitude energy of each seismic channel of the quality control seismic section or the quality control seismic data volume corresponding to the same-direction axis selected in the step 101;
step b: and taking the maximum amplitude energy of all seismic traces as the arithmetic mean or root-mean-square as the equilibrium amplitude energy of the same phase axis.
Step 104: for the equalized amplitude energy recorded in step 103, the angle corresponding to the maximum equalized amplitude energy is selected as the zero-phase correction angle of the seismic data volume.
Step 105: the zero-phase correction angle calculated in step 104 is applied to the seismic data volume to achieve zero-phase correction of the seismic data.
The following is a specific example of the application of the invention:
example 1
The rake wavelet is used to forward different reservoir combinations, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that when the seismic data is zero phase, the energy of the seismic reflection event is most concentrated, and the energy maximum is at the same position of the reflection interface. This lays a theoretical foundation for zero phase correction by the maximum energy method.
The zero phase correction is performed on seismic data of an actual work area of the winning oil field according to the processing steps (shown in figure 1) of the invention.
Step 1: selecting a homophase axis of the seismic data t6 of the actual work area as a phase correction reference homophase axis based on a homophase axis selection criterion, wherein the homophase axis has obvious seismic geological significance as the top interface of the oil shale under Sansha (as shown in FIG. 3);
step 2: selecting a quality controlled seismic section (as shown in FIG. 3) that is stable away from the event axis;
and step 3: carrying out phase correction on the quality control seismic section selected in the step 2 within an angle range from-90 degrees to 90 degrees, and recording balanced amplitude energy of the quality control seismic section t6 coaxial with the quality control seismic section corresponding to the correction angle;
and 4, step 4: for the balanced amplitude energy recorded in the step 3, selecting an angle 15 degrees corresponding to the maximum balanced amplitude energy (as shown in fig. 4) as a zero-phase correction angle of the seismic data volume;
and 5: and (3) applying the zero-phase correction angle calculated in the step (4) to the seismic data volume so as to realize zero-phase correction of the seismic data, wherein the resolution of the seismic data after the zero-phase correction is obviously improved (as shown in figure 5), and meanwhile, compared with the maximum amplitude energy stratigraphic slices before and after zero-phasing, the amplitude attribute is obviously enhanced, the transition area is clearer, and the interpretation is convenient (as shown in figure 6).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The seismic data zero-phase correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a proper seismic data event as a phase correction reference event on a seismic section of a research work area;
step 2: selecting a proper quality control seismic section or seismic data volume;
and step 3: calculating the equal amplitude energy of the in-phase axis corresponding to different correction angles;
and 4, step 4: selecting an angle corresponding to the maximum balanced amplitude energy as a zero phase correction angle of the seismic data volume aiming at the balanced amplitude energy recorded in the step 3;
and 5: applying the zero phase correction angle calculated in the step 4 to the seismic data volume so as to perform zero phase correction of the seismic data;
in the step 1, selecting the seismic data event according to the criteria of simple contact relation, continuous and stable horizontal direction and obvious change of lithology or impedance characteristics of upper and lower strata;
in step 2, the selected seismic section or seismic data body is a special geologic body which is far away from faults, stratum pinch-out and lithologic mutation and influences the stability of the seismic data in the event of the same phase axis;
in step 3, phase correction is carried out on the quality control seismic section or seismic data volume selected in the step 2 within a certain angle range, and the balanced amplitude energy of the quality control seismic section or quality control seismic data volume corresponding to the correction angle and corresponding to the same axis selected in the step 1 is recorded; step 3 also comprises a; recording the maximum amplitude energy of each seismic channel of the quality control seismic section or the quality control seismic data body corresponding to the same-direction axis selected in the step 1; b; taking the maximum amplitude energy of all seismic channels as arithmetic mean or root mean square as the equilibrium amplitude energy of the homophase axis; the selected angle correction range is-90 degrees to +90 degrees.
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