CN110385196B - Silicon-reducing and impurity-removing method for low-grade bauxite - Google Patents
Silicon-reducing and impurity-removing method for low-grade bauxite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110385196B CN110385196B CN201810365919.9A CN201810365919A CN110385196B CN 110385196 B CN110385196 B CN 110385196B CN 201810365919 A CN201810365919 A CN 201810365919A CN 110385196 B CN110385196 B CN 110385196B
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Abstract
A low-grade bauxite silicon reduction and impurity removal method comprises the steps of crushing, grinding and screening raw bauxite ore to prepare ore pulp A, enabling the ore pulp A to enter mechanical separation equipment A for solid-liquid separation to obtain solid A and liquid A, adding water into the solid A to prepare ore pulp B with the solid content of 25-35%, enabling the ore pulp B to enter a roughing scavenging process to obtain foam product ore pulp C and roughing scavenging underflow, enabling the foam product ore pulp C to be subjected to solid-liquid separation through the mechanical separation equipment B to obtain solid B and liquid B, scavenging to obtain underflow ore pulp E, enabling the underflow ore pulp E to pass through the mechanical separation equipment C to obtain solid C and liquid C, enabling the solid C to be middling, enabling the middling to be added into the raw bauxite for re-grinding, enabling the liquid C to be ore pulp F, enabling the ore pulp F to be subjected to mechanical dehydration to obtain solid D and liquid D, enabling the solid D to be final tailings, and enabling the ore dressing method to be used in combination of roughing, scavenging, the aluminum-silicon ratio of the concentrate is successfully improved by more than 4 points, and the yield of the concentrate is improved to more than 65%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ore dressing, and particularly relates to a method for reducing silicon and removing impurities from low-grade bauxite.
Background
The alumina is widely applied to the fields of production of metal aluminum, refractory materials, ceramics, papermaking and building materials. Bauxite is the only raw material for producing alumina, the existing method for producing alumina in China adopts a mineral dressing-Bayer process, the prerequisite condition for producing alumina by the Bayer process is that the ratio of aluminum to silicon of the bauxite must be more than 8, the proportion of high-grade ore in naturally formed bauxite deposits accounts for very low total reserves, and particularly, the proportion of ore with the ratio of aluminum to silicon of more than 8 in China accounts for about 30 percent of the total reserves.
In order to make full use of and develop the maximum benefit, experts and scholars in the domestic industry have long dedicated research on reducing silicon and removing impurities to improve the ratio of aluminum to silicon of low-grade aluminum ores for decades. The method has a promising result in 2005, a sintering method, an acid pickling dissolution method, a forward flotation method and a reverse flotation method and the like are successively provided, and in consideration of social benefits, environmental protection and the particularity of the Bayer process, an alumina plant adopts the forward flotation method to improve the grade of low-grade ore through ore dressing and then enters a system for generation, but the existing process can only improve the ratio of aluminum to silicon by 2 to 3 points, and the yield of concentrate is not more than 55 percent at most due to the limitation of the forward flotation process, so that the raw ore loss is large, the yield is low, the economic benefit is low, industrialization cannot be achieved independently, and the method cannot be popularized and applied to the prior art, so that a large amount of resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of large loss and low yield value of raw ore, the invention aims to provide a method for reducing silicon and removing impurities of low-grade bauxite, wherein a beneficiation method which combines roughing and scavenging and mechanical separation and generates middlings is adopted, so that the aluminum-silicon ratio of concentrate is successfully improved by more than 4 points, and the yield of the concentrate is improved to more than 65%.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the problems is as follows:
a silicon reduction and impurity removal method for low-grade bauxite comprises the steps of crushing, grinding and screening raw bauxite ore to prepare ore pulp A, enabling the ore pulp A to enter mechanical separation equipment A for solid-liquid separation to obtain solid A and liquid A, adding water into the solid A to prepare ore pulp B with the solid content of 25-35%, enabling the ore pulp B to enter a roughing scavenging process to obtain foam product ore pulp C and roughing underflow, enabling the foam product ore pulp C to be subjected to solid-liquid separation through the mechanical separation equipment B to obtain solid B and liquid B, enabling the solid B to be final concentrate and the liquid B to be ore pulp D, enabling the ore pulp D to be mixed with the roughing underflow for scavenging to obtain underflow ore pulp E, enabling the underflow ore pulp E to pass through the mechanical separation equipment C to obtain solid C and liquid C, enabling the solid C to be middling, enabling the middling to be added into the raw bauxite for grinding again, enabling the liquid C to be ore pulp F, enabling the ore pulp F to be subjected to mechanical dehydration to obtain solid, wherein the solid D is the final tailings, and the liquid D enters a clean water tank for recycling; when the raw ore is ground, sodium carbonate is added according to the proportion of 1-5kg/t of the raw ore and is uniformly mixed, and then water is added to prepare ore pulp A with the solid content of 20-25%; adding a synthetic fatty acid collecting agent according to the proportion of 500-1200g/t of the raw ore and adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp B to 8-11 when preparing the ore pulp B; the flow rate in the roughing process is 0.5-0.8m < 3 >/m < 2 >. min, and the time is 15-25 min.
Further, the crushing is to crush the raw ore into particles with the particle size of-2-3 cm.
Further, grinding crushed bauxite raw ore in a mechanical device, adding water and sodium carbonate, screening until the content of the water and the sodium carbonate is 70% of minus 200 meshes, and preparing into ore pulp A, wherein the pH value of the ore pulp A is 8-11.
Further, in the silicon reduction and impurity removal method, the mechanical separation equipment A, the mechanical separation equipment B and the mechanical separation equipment C are all horizontal screw dehydration separators.
Further, adding flocculant of poly (propylene) amine into the ore pulp F, wherein synthetic fatty acid collecting agent, sodium carbonate and poly (propylene) amine are commercially available.
Furthermore, when the ore pulp B is subjected to mechanical separation, the amount of the collecting agent can be reduced when fine-grained impurities enter flotation, and the indexes of rough concentration and scavenging concentrate are improved.
Further, when the solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out on the foam product ore pulp C obtained by the rough concentration and scavenging of the ore pulp B, the + 1000-mesh solid matter is the final concentrate, and the liquid product ore pulp D is obtained. And (5) entering a sweeping flotation process, and no secondary dosing is carried out.
Furthermore, a flocculating agent is added into the ore pulp F, the solid is the final tailings after the ore pulp F is dewatered by a mechanical dewatering device, and the liquid is converged into a clean water tank for reutilization.
Furthermore, in the silicon reduction and impurity removal method, the tailing water can be recycled, and the tailings are drained in a dry mode.
Further, when the foam product ore pulp C is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment, the + 1000-mesh solid matter is final concentrate, and the-1000-mesh liquid product is ore pulp D. Compared with the prior art, the grading granularity of the concentrate product is finer, the alumina content index of the concentrate can be improved, and the content indexes of sulfur, carbon and calcium in the concentrate can be reduced.
Further, the bauxite raw ore is crushed to 2-3CM, ground and sieved until 70% of-200 meshes are occupied, the solid content of the ore pulp A is 25-35%, sodium carbonate is added in the grinding process of the bauxite raw ore, the adding proportion of the sodium carbonate is 1-5kg/t of the raw ore, and the sodium carbonate can adjust the pH value of the ore pulp and has a dispersing effect.
Further, ore pulp B with the pH value of 8-11 of 25-35% is obtained after the ore pulp A is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment, so that not only are impurities in the original ore pulp reduced, but also the flotation amount of the ore pulp is reduced, and the using amount of a collecting agent can be reduced by 10-30%. The ore pulp D enters the scavenging collector for secondary utilization, and the using amount can be reduced by 20%.
Furthermore, the yield of the concentrate can be improved by more than 10% compared with the original process by recycling the middlings obtained when the scavenging underflow pulp E is subjected to solid-liquid separation.
Furthermore, the solid content of the ore pulp F is low when solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the ore pulp F can be beneficial to the post-treatment of tailings.
Further, the pH value of the ore pulp in the silicon reduction and impurity removal method is kept between 8 and 11.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing ore dressing process, the method for reducing silicon and removing impurities of low-grade bauxite changes the traditional pure flotation process into the process which takes mechanical separation as main flotation and produces middlings for the same mineral separation, reduces the using amount of a collecting agent, and improves the aluminum-silicon ratio by 1-4 points; the recovery of middlings generated by secondary separation can improve the yield of concentrate by more than 10%, the medicament-containing dose in the concentrate is very small, and the contents of harmful substances such as sulfur, carbon, calcium and the like in the concentrate are reduced compared with those in the raw ore; the method for reducing silicon and removing impurities of low-grade bauxite can effectively utilize and develop, can provide high-quality aluminum concentrate for the increase of aluminum oxide production in China, has good social and economic benefits, and has very important significance for sustainable development and circulation construction of aluminum industry in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for reducing silicon and removing impurities from low-grade bauxite of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are provided for the purpose of explaining the technical solutions of the present invention and describing specific embodiments and specific operation procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A silicon reduction and impurity removal method for low-grade bauxite comprises the steps of crushing, grinding and screening raw bauxite ore to prepare ore pulp A, enabling the ore pulp A to enter mechanical separation equipment A for solid-liquid separation to obtain solid A and liquid A, adding water into the solid A to prepare ore pulp B with the solid content of 25-35%, enabling the ore pulp B to enter a roughing scavenging process to obtain foam product ore pulp C and roughing underflow, enabling the foam product ore pulp C to be subjected to solid-liquid separation through the mechanical separation equipment B to obtain solid B and liquid B, enabling the solid B to be final concentrate and the liquid B to be ore pulp D, enabling the ore pulp D to be mixed with the roughing underflow for scavenging to obtain underflow ore pulp E, enabling the underflow ore pulp E to pass through the mechanical separation equipment C to obtain solid C and liquid C, enabling the solid C to be middling, enabling the middling to be added into the raw bauxite for grinding again, enabling the liquid C to be ore pulp F, enabling the ore pulp F to be subjected to mechanical dehydration to obtain solid, wherein the solid D is the final tailings, and the liquid D enters a clean water tank for recycling; when the raw ore is ground, sodium carbonate is added according to the proportion of 1-5kg/t of the raw ore and is uniformly mixed, and then water is added to prepare ore pulp A with the solid content of 20-25%; adding a synthetic fatty acid collecting agent according to the proportion of 500-1200g/t of the raw ore and adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp B to 8-11 when preparing the ore pulp B; the flow rate in the roughing process is 0.5-0.8m < 3 >/m < 2 >. min, and the time is 15-25 min.
Preferably, the crushing is to crush the raw ore into particles with the particle size of-2-3 cm.
Preferably, the grinding is to grind crushed bauxite raw ore into mechanical equipment, add water and sodium carbonate to sieve the crushed bauxite raw ore into 70 percent of-200 meshes, and prepare the crushed bauxite raw ore into ore pulp A, wherein the pH value of the ore pulp A is 8-11.
Preferably, in the silicon-reducing impurity-removing method, the mechanical separation equipment A, the mechanical separation equipment B and the mechanical separation equipment C are all horizontal screw dehydration separators.
Preferably, a flocculating agent of the poly (propylene) amine is added into the ore pulp F, wherein a synthetic fatty acid collecting agent, sodium carbonate and the poly (propylene) amine are commercially available.
Preferably, when the ore pulp A is subjected to mechanical separation, the amount of the collecting agent can be reduced when fine-grained impurities enter flotation, and the indexes of rough concentration and scavenging concentrate are improved; the ore pulp D enters the scavenging collector for secondary utilization.
Preferably, when the solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out on the foam product ore pulp C obtained by roughing and scavenging the ore pulp B, the + 1000-mesh solid matter is the final concentrate, and the liquid product ore pulp D enters the scavenging flotation without secondary dosing.
Preferably, the ore pulp F is added with a flocculating agent, the solid is the final tailings after the mechanical dewatering equipment dewaters, and the liquid is converged into a clean water tank for reutilization.
Preferably, in the silicon reduction and impurity removal method, the tailing water can be recycled, and the tailings are drained in a dry mode.
Preferably, when the foam product pulp C is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment, the +1000 mesh solid matter is the final concentrate, and the-1000 mesh liquid product is the pulp D. Compared with the prior art, the grading granularity of the concentrate product is finer, and the content indexes of sulfur, carbon and calcium in the concentrate can be reduced.
Preferably, the bauxite raw ore is crushed to 2-3CM, ground and sieved to-200 meshes accounting for 70%, the solid content of the ore pulp A is 25-35%, sodium carbonate is added in the grinding process of the bauxite raw ore, the adding proportion of the sodium carbonate is 1-5kg/t of the raw ore, and the sodium carbonate can adjust the pH value of the ore pulp and has a dispersing effect.
Preferably, the ore pulp A is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment to obtain ore pulp B with the pH value of 25-35% and the pH value of 8-11, so that impurities in the raw ore pulp are reduced, the flotation amount of the ore pulp is reduced, and the using amount of a collecting agent is reduced by 10-30%.
Preferably, the middlings obtained when the scavenging underflow pulp E is subjected to solid-liquid separation can be recycled, and the yield of the concentrate can be improved by more than 10% compared with the original process.
Preferably, the solid content of the ore pulp F is small when solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the post-treatment of tailings can be facilitated.
Preferably, the pH value of the ore pulp in the silicon impurity removal method is kept between 8 and 11.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
The implementation case is as follows:
in 2016, a small bauxite dressing plant was built in ruzhou city, Henan province, and the data obtained after the operation by using the dressing method disclosed by the invention are compared as follows:
firstly, a mechanical separation treatment process is added on the basis of the traditional process by eliminating a fine selection link, and the indexes are as follows:
and (3) selecting 320 tons of raw ore to obtain 202 tons of concentrate, wherein the yield is 63 percent, and the aluminum-silicon ratio of the concentrate is 6.2, which is 4.0 higher than that of 2.2 of the raw ore.
Secondly, on the basis of the traditional process, the refining link is omitted, the mechanical separation process and the middling production process are added, and the indexes are as follows:
and the raw ore is selected for 260 tons to obtain 170 tons of concentrate, the yield is 65 percent, and the aluminum-silicon ratio of the concentrate is 7.1, which is 4.9 higher than that of 2.2 of the raw ore.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reducing silicon and removing impurities of low-grade bauxite is characterized by comprising the following steps: the silicon reduction and impurity removal method comprises the steps of crushing, grinding and screening raw bauxite ore to prepare ore pulp A, enabling the ore pulp A to enter mechanical separation equipment A for solid-liquid separation to obtain solid A and liquid A, adding water into the solid A to prepare ore pulp B with the solid content of 25-35%, enabling the ore pulp B to enter a roughing scavenging process to obtain foam product ore pulp C and roughing underflow, enabling the foam product ore pulp C to be subjected to solid-liquid separation through the mechanical separation equipment B to obtain solid B and liquid B, enabling the solid B to be final concentrate, enabling the liquid B to be ore pulp D, enabling the ore pulp D to be mixed with the roughing underflow and then subjected to scavenging, enabling the underflow ore pulp E to be scavenged through the mechanical separation equipment C to obtain solid C and liquid C, enabling the solid C to be middling, enabling the middling to be added into the raw bauxite to be ground again, enabling the liquid C to be ore pulp F, enabling the ore pulp F to be solid D, wherein the solid D is the final tailings, and the liquid D enters a clean water tank for recycling; when raw ore is ground, sodium carbonate is added according to the proportion of 1-5kg/t of raw ore and is uniformly mixed, and then water is added to prepare ore pulp A with the solid content of 20-25%; adding synthetic fatty acid collecting agent according to the proportion of 500-1200g/t of raw ore in the preparation of the ore pulp B, and adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp B to 8-11; the flow rate in the roughing process is 0.5-0.8m < 3 >/m < 2 >. min, and the time is 15-25 min.
2. The method for reducing silicon and removing impurities in low-grade bauxite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing is to crush the raw ore into particles with the particle size of 2-3 cm.
3. The method for reducing silicon and removing impurities in low-grade bauxite according to claim 1, characterized in that: grinding crushed bauxite raw ore in a mechanical device, adding water and sodium carbonate, screening until the content of the water is 70% of-200 meshes, and preparing into ore pulp A, wherein the pH value of the ore pulp A is 8-11.
4. The method for reducing silicon and removing impurities in low-grade bauxite according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the silicon-reducing impurity-removing method, the mechanical separation equipment A, the mechanical separation equipment B and the mechanical separation equipment C are all horizontal screw dehydration separators.
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| CN202700637U (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2013-01-30 | 河南东大矿业股份有限公司 | Bauxite flotation equipment without heat source |
| CN103157558B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-07-01 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | Beneficiation method of recovering sulfur from copper sulfide ore flotation tailings |
| CN103272694B (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2016-03-02 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Magnetic-gravity separation technology for Anshan type lean magnetite |
| CN203678523U (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-07-02 | 会理县鹏晨废渣利用有限公司 | Copper smelting waste residue recovery processing system |
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