CN110384014A - A kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110384014A
CN110384014A CN201810885008.9A CN201810885008A CN110384014A CN 110384014 A CN110384014 A CN 110384014A CN 201810885008 A CN201810885008 A CN 201810885008A CN 110384014 A CN110384014 A CN 110384014A
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China
Prior art keywords
water
fertilizer
soil
machaka
tree
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Inventor
董鹏
姜继元
马新
朱耀军
李铭
陈奇凌
张君
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district, it is characterized in that, the three-dimensional planning plantation that gardens are carried out with the planting patterns of " deciduous tree+machaka+hedgerow " specifically includes that the prevention and treatment of selection of seedling and pretreatment, site preparation, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage.Compared with prior art, the invention has the characteristics that: 1. have the characteristics that cold-resistant, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, save water resource, beauty, wide adaptability；The method of external ornamental plant 2. use ornamental plant of one's native land is arranged in pairs or groups, Regional suitability is more preferable, strong operability；3. using the method for ornamental plant of the present invention collocation, under conditions of annual rainfall is less, extend the watering period, irrigating in year 3~5 times can guarantee plant normal growths, it just can guarantee ornamental plant normal growth than conventional irrigation frequency 6~30 times, it greatly reduces frequency of irrigation and total amount of pouring water, realizes water-saving purpose.

Description

A kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district, belong to afforestation field.
Background technique
An important factor for urban landscaping is urban economy development, spiritual civilization progress and improves people's living standard, In in terms of huge and sustainable development the important measure of effect for improving urban ecology, building back to nature. Urban landscaping has social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit, and wherein the selection and configuration of garden plants are green Vital link during change.The selection of ornamental plant just needs its ecological functions of " adaptation to local conditions " competence exertion, matches It sets while need to consider integral layout, in conjunction with urban ecology characteristic, carries out reasonable cultivation mode, can be only achieved good society It can benefit and ecological benefits.
China is a serious water shortage country, and Arid&semi-arid area area accounts for 1/3 of territory total area or more, water resource Deficient and irrational utilization, it has also become Urban Ecology Environment Construction restriction factor the most main.On the one hand, in order to improve city Ecological environment need a large amount of greenery patchess of planting, on the other hand, maintain the normal growth in greenery patches to need to consume a large amount of water resource, add Acute the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource.
The source of northwest China's drought, earth's surface and underground water is deficient, precipitation is rare, such as the average year drop in Xinjiang Water is 150 millimeters, and especially in Southern Xinjiang, average annual precipitation is substantially at 100 millimeters hereinafter, afforestation is basic On manually to pour water to maintain growth needs, irrigation frequency generally at 6 times or more, or even have it is more more than 30 times reachable, and And the Northwest often only has tens kinds with Landscape Trees, the drought tolerance between different tree species still has very big difference.In arid In the urban landscaping of water-deficient area, suitable drought-enduring water-saving tree species how are selected, and arrange in pairs or groups and construct resisting drought saving water type garden Woods, it is most important for the sustainable performance of urban afforestation and region ecology safety.
Therefore, based on some problems present in above-mentioned afforestation, present applicant proposes a kind of Northwest arid district is water-saving The implantation methods in type gardens.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides technical solution below: with " deciduous tree+machaka+hedgerow " Planting patterns carries out the three-dimensional planning plantation in gardens, mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate are 6/10~8/10, i.e., stay 2/10~4/10 branch after trimming, smear wound at trimming Mouth consolidant；
Transplant preceding 1~2 day lifting, when lifting should avoid the day temperature higher period, preferably under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C Lifting, the nursery stock root have round soil ball, and the diameter of the circle soil ball is 4~6 times of nursery stock diameter, to circle after lifting Shape soil ball is tied up, and waist twines 2~4 strands, erects to twine and tie up together at interval of 3~5cm, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: 5~10 days smooth reproducing areas and digging kind of a plant hole before definite value, and the deep 30~40cm in cave, kind plant hole diameter compares seedling The wooden circle big 20~30cm of soil ball diameter is dug when planting plant hole with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root by ground surface soil and underearth Pile up separately, and reject the sundries such as stone；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, by trimming seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball in step 1) to shifting Ground is planted, soil ball is put into completely in kind of plant hole, is backfilled after righting nursery stock with ground surface soil, soil ball surface thickness of earth covering about 8~10cm, Track tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, and spacing in the rows is 8~11m, and the machaka is colonized 1 row in deciduous tree Between strain, spacing in the rows is 2~3m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3~4, i.e. machaka in unit area Quantity be 3~4 times of deciduous tree, the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, and the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band are respectively colonized 1 Row, spacing in the rows are 25~35cm, are 55~65cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
Further, in step 3) when transplanted seedling tree, water-loss reducer of soil is added in the soil and is backfilling after mixing Into kind of plant hole, the additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 12~18kg/ mus；
Further, the deciduous tree is one of Largeleaf Chinese Ash, close diversiform-leaved poplar and summer rubber；
Further, the machaka is one of bedleaf cherry plum, shiny-leaved yellowhorn and flowering plum；
Further, the hedgerow is one of red leaf barberry, pumila and water wax；
Further, the lowest temperature when step 3) is planted is more preferably greater than 5 DEG C；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: first of water is filled immediately after the completion of transplanting, after 5~8 days Second water is filled, third road water is filled after 20~25 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, by the way of flood irrigation, every year irrigate 3~5 times, year irrigation volume be 150~350 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, applies with plantation hill spacing from cave basal dressing, the deep 25~30cm in cave is dug at 40~50cm Fertilizer amount is 8~12kg/ plants, and the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is in the chicken manure of decomposed cow dung, sheep dung or extruding One or more of mixtures；
Top dressing: April is primary to September irrigation period top dressing, top dressing is preferably carried out when pouring water June, fertilizer is walked with water, described The dose of deciduous tree and machaka is 0.4~0.6kg of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground per cm, and the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 5:4:3, the dose of the hedgerow are to apply 13~17kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18~22kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8~12kg of potash fertilizer per acre,
Further, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Further, plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 13~17 days, sprayed altogether 3~4 times, with 20 times of liquid Blade surface is uniformly sprayed on until drippage, to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise Or after the sunset and guarantee following several days it is fine.
Further, it after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness is 3~5cm, the rhizosphere Adjustable ground temperature is covered, weeds are reduced, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the characteristics that:
1. having the characteristics that cold-resistant, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, saving water resource, beauty, wide adaptability；
The method of external ornamental plant 2. use ornamental plant of one's native land is arranged in pairs or groups, Regional suitability is more preferable, strong operability；
3. under conditions of annual rainfall is less, extending the watering period, year using the method for ornamental plant of the present invention collocation Irrigating 3~5 times can guarantee plant normal growth, just can guarantee that ornamental plant normally gives birth to than conventional irrigation frequency 6~30 times It is long, it greatly reduces frequency of irrigation and total amount of pouring water, realizes water-saving purpose.
Specific embodiment
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 6/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 1 day lifting is transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 6 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 2 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 5cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 10 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, and cave depth 30cm, kind plant hole diameter is than nursery stock circle The big 30cm of soil ball diameter, to guarantee the growing space of seedling root, by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and Reject the sundries such as stone；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 15kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 8cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 9m, the machaka field planting 1 row is between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:4, i.e., falls in unit area The quantity of leaf shrub is 4 times of deciduous tree, 2 rows of the hedgerow field planting, and the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band are each fixed 1 row is planted, spacing in the rows 25cm is 65cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 5 days Second water fills third road water after 25 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 3 times by the way of flood irrigation, in mid-April, 6 months Ten days and September are just irrigated once respectively, and year irrigation volume is 150 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 25cm, dose is dug at 40cm with plantation hill spacing 12kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.4kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 17kg, phosphate fertilizer 22kg, potash fertilizer 8kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 13 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 3cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is Largeleaf Chinese Ash, and the machaka is bedleaf cherry plum, and the hedgerow is red leaf barberry, such to take It is suitable for the afforestation of urban core area with mode, drought-enduring water-saving, saline-alkali tolerant, annidation is wide, and beautiful, pest and disease damage is few.
Embodiment 2: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 7/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 2 days liftings are transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 4 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 3 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 4cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 9 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 40cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 29cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 14kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 8.3cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 8m, and the machaka is determined 1 row is planted between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2.4m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3, i.e. unit area The quantity of interior machaka is 3 times of deciduous tree, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band 1 row of each field planting, spacing in the rows 35cm are 60cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 6 days Second water fills third road water after 20 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 4 times by the way of flood irrigation, in mid-April, 6 months It is 250 sides/mu that ten days, mid-July and September just irrigate a next year irrigation volume respectively,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 26cm, dose is dug at 42cm with plantation hill spacing 11.5kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.45kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 16.5kg, phosphate fertilizer 21kg, potash fertilizer 12kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 14 days, sprayed altogether 4 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 5cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is Largeleaf Chinese Ash, and the machaka is bedleaf cherry plum, and the hedgerow is red leaf barberry, such to take It is suitable for the afforestation of urban core area with mode, drought-enduring water-saving, saline-alkali tolerant, annidation is wide, and beautiful, pest and disease damage is few.
Embodiment 3: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 8/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 1 day lifting is transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 5 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 4 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 3cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 8 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 32cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 28cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 12kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 8.6cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 10m, the machaka 1 row is colonized between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2.6m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:4, i.e. unit plane The quantity of machaka is 4 times of deciduous tree in product, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two of deciduous tree and machaka row band Side is respectively colonized 1 row, and spacing in the rows 30cm is 55cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 7 days Second water fills third road water after 21 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, and by the way of flood irrigation, annual to irrigate 5 times, in mid-April, 5 below the moon Ten days, mid-June, mid-July and September are just irrigated once respectively, and year irrigation volume is 310 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 27cm, dose is dug at 44cm with plantation hill spacing 11kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is the chicken manure of extruding；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.5kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 16kg, phosphate fertilizer 20kg, potash fertilizer 9kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 15 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 4cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is Largeleaf Chinese Ash, and the machaka is bedleaf cherry plum, and the hedgerow is red leaf barberry, such to take It is suitable for the afforestation of urban core area with mode, drought-enduring water-saving, saline-alkali tolerant, annidation is wide, and beautiful, pest and disease damage is few.
Embodiment 4: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 6/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 2 days liftings are transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 4 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 4 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 5cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 7 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 34cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 27cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 18kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 8.8cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 8m, and the machaka is determined 1 row is planted between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2.8m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3, i.e. unit area The quantity of interior machaka is 3 times of deciduous tree, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band 1 row of each field planting, spacing in the rows 22cm are 57cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 8 days Second water fills third road water after 22 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 3 times by the way of flood irrigation, and year irrigation volume is 170 Side/mu, annual mid-April, late June, September are just irrigated once respectively, and irrigation ratio is 4:7:4,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 28cm, dose is dug at 46cm with plantation hill spacing 10.5kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is the mixture of the chicken manure of decomposed cow dung and extruding；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.55kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 15.5kg, phosphate fertilizer 19kg, potash fertilizer 11kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 16 days, sprayed altogether 4 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 3.5cm, the rhizosphere covering can adjust Save land temperature, reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is close diversiform-leaved poplar, and the machaka is shiny-leaved yellowhorn, and the hedgerow is pumila, such collocation mould The soil that formula is suitable for urban periphal defence is afforested, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, and effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is good.
Embodiment 5: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 8/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 1 day lifting is transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 5 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 3 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 4cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 6 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 36cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 26cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 16kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 9cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 10.6m, the machaka 1 row is colonized between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 3m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:4, i.e. unit area The quantity of interior machaka is 4 times of deciduous tree, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band 1 row of each field planting, spacing in the rows 23cm are 58cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 5 days Second water fills third road water after 23 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, and by the way of flood irrigation, annual to irrigate 4 times, in mid-April, 5 below the moon Ten days, mid-June and September are just irrigated once respectively, and year irrigation volume is 230 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 29cm, dose is dug at 48cm with plantation hill spacing 10kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is the mixture of decomposed cow dung and sheep dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.6kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 15kg, phosphate fertilizer 18kg, potash fertilizer 10kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 17 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 4.5cm, the rhizosphere covering can adjust Save land temperature, reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is close diversiform-leaved poplar, and the machaka is shiny-leaved yellowhorn, and the hedgerow is pumila, such collocation mould The soil that formula is suitable for urban periphal defence is afforested, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, and effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is good.
Embodiment 6: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 78/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 2 days liftings are transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 6 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 2 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 3cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 5 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 38cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 25cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 17kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 9.2cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 8.6m, the machaka 1 row is colonized between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3, i.e. unit area The quantity of interior machaka is 3 times of deciduous tree, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band 1 row of each field planting, spacing in the rows 24cm are 59cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 6 days Second water fills third road water after 24 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, and by the way of flood irrigation, annual to irrigate 5 times, in mid-April, 5 below the moon Ten days, mid-June, mid-July and September are just irrigated once respectively, and year irrigation volume is 330 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 30cm, dose is dug at 50cm with plantation hill spacing 9.5kg/ plants, the base manure be organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer be decomposed cow dung, sheep dung and extruding chicken manure mixture；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.4kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 14.5kg, phosphate fertilizer 18.5kg, potash fertilizer 8.5kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 16 days, sprayed altogether 4 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 3cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is close diversiform-leaved poplar, and the machaka is shiny-leaved yellowhorn, and the hedgerow is pumila, such collocation mould The soil that formula is suitable for urban periphal defence is afforested, drought-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, and effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is good.
Embodiment 7: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 8/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 1 day lifting is transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 4 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 2 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 4cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 6 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 39cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 24cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 12kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 9.3cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 11m, the machaka 1 row is colonized between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 3m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:4, i.e. unit area The quantity of interior machaka is 4 times of deciduous tree, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band 1 row of each field planting, spacing in the rows 33cm are 61cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 7 days Second water fills third road water after 20 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 3 times by the way of flood irrigation, in mid-April, 6 months Ten days and September are just irrigated once respectively, and year irrigation volume is 190 sides/mu,
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 25cm, dose is dug at 47cm with plantation hill spacing 9kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is the mixture of the chicken manure of decomposed sheep dung and extruding；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.5kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 14kg, phosphate fertilizer 19.5kg, potash fertilizer 9.5kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 15 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 4cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is summer rubber, and the machaka is flowering plum, and the hedgerow is water wax, and such configuration mode is suitable Soil for the lower cold zone of temperature is afforested, and has many advantages, such as cold-resistant, drought-enduring, wide adaptability.
Embodiment 8: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 6/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 2 days liftings are transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 5 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 4 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 3cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 7 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 37cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 22cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 15kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 9.6cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 10m, the machaka 1 row is colonized between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2.5m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3, i.e. unit plane The quantity of machaka is 3 times of deciduous tree in product, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, the two of deciduous tree and machaka row band Side is respectively colonized 1 row, and spacing in the rows 27cm is 62cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 8 days Second water fills third road water after 25 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 4 times by the way of flood irrigation, in mid-April, 6 months It is 210 sides/mu that ten days, mid-July and September just irrigate a next year irrigation volume respectively.
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 30cm, dose is dug at 45cm with plantation hill spacing 8.5kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.6kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 13.5kg, phosphate fertilizer 20.5kg, potash fertilizer 10.5kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 14 days, sprayed altogether 4 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 5cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is summer rubber, and the machaka is flowering plum, and the hedgerow is water wax, and such configuration mode is suitable Soil for the lower cold zone of temperature is afforested, and has many advantages, such as cold-resistant, drought-enduring, wide adaptability.
Embodiment 9: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 8/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 1 day lifting is transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 6 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 2 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 3cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 8 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, cave depth 35cm, kind plant hole diameter soil more round than nursery stock The big 21cm of bulb diameter by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and is picked with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root The sundries such as stone cleaning；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 16kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 9.8cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 9m, and the machaka is determined 1 row is planted between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 2m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:4, i.e., in unit area The quantity of machaka is 4 times of deciduous tree, 2 rows of the hedgerow field planting, and the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band are each It is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 29cm is 63cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 5 days Second water fills third road water after 22 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 5 times by the way of flood irrigation, and year irrigation volume is 280 Side/mu is just irrigated once respectively in mid-April, late May, mid-June, mid-July and September, and irrigation volume ratio is 4:7:8: 7:4
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 26cm, dose is dug at 43cm with plantation hill spacing 8kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is the mixture of decomposed cow dung and sheep dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.45kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 13kg, phosphate fertilizer 21.5kg, potash fertilizer 11.5kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 17 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 4.5cm, the rhizosphere covering can adjust Save land temperature, reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is summer rubber, and the machaka is flowering plum, and the hedgerow is water wax, and such configuration mode is suitable Soil for the lower cold zone of temperature is afforested, and has many advantages, such as cold-resistant, drought-enduring, wide adaptability.
Embodiment 10: it mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: selection crown type is neat, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein fallen leaves are tall The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of wood and machaka is all larger than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm, and individual is consistent, and lower part does not take off naked, nursery stock branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl It is close；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, Duo Liusheng The enriching shoot of long shoot and germinating, pruning rate 7/10 smear Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Preceding 2 days liftings are transplanted, lifting under conditions of low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C, the nursery stock root has round soil ball, institute The diameter for stating round soil ball is 4 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 3 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 4cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: the preceding 10 days smooth reproducing areas of field planting simultaneously dig kind of a plant hole, and cave depth 33cm, kind plant hole diameter is than nursery stock circle The big 20cm of soil ball diameter, to guarantee the growing space of seedling root, by ground surface soil and underearth pile up separately when digging kind plant hole, and Reject the sundries such as stone；
3) it transplants: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, lowest temperature when transplanting is greater than 5 DEG C, will trimming in step 1) Seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball is put into kind of plant hole completely to transplanting site, by soil ball, and water-loss reducer of soil is added in ground surface soil, The additional amount of the water-loss reducer of soil is 18kg/ mus, after mixing righting nursery stock and with mixed earth's surface earthen backfill, soil ball Surface thickness of earth covering about 10cm, tracks tramping having peace of mind；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 8m, and the machaka is determined 1 row is planted between deciduous tree strain, spacing in the rows 3m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3, i.e., in unit area The quantity of machaka is 3 times of deciduous tree, 2 rows of the hedgerow field planting, and the two sides of deciduous tree and machaka row band are each It is colonized 1 row, spacing in the rows 32cm is 64cm with the spacing of deciduous tree and machaka row band；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, filled after 6 days Second water fills third road water after 23 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, annual to irrigate 5 times by the way of flood irrigation, and year irrigation volume is 350 Side/mu is just irrigated once respectively in mid-April, late May, mid-June, mid-July and September, and irrigation volume ratio is 4:7:8: 7:4。
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, is from cave basal dressing, cave depth 27cm, dose is dug at 41cm with plantation hill spacing 12kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung；
Top dressing: top dressing 1 time when June pours water, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.55kg, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply nitrogenous fertilizer per acre 17kg, phosphate fertilizer 22kg, potash fertilizer 8kg,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays The prevention and treatment of 20% 800 times of tetradiphon liquid；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
Plant initial stage sprayed a transpiration inhibitor every 13 days, sprayed altogether 3 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade table with 20 times of liquid Face is until drippage, and to prevent tree body moisture transpiration itself to be lost, spraying time is before sunrise or after the sunset and to guarantee Following several days fine.
It after the completion of plant, is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness 5cm, the rhizosphere covers adjustable Ground temperature reduces weeds, increases the soil organism, reduces evaporation of soil water, keeps soil moisture.
The deciduous tree is Largeleaf Chinese Ash, and the machaka is bedleaf cherry plum, and the hedgerow is red leaf barberry, such to take It is suitable for the afforestation of urban core area with mode, drought-enduring water-saving, saline-alkali tolerant, annidation is wide, and beautiful, pest and disease damage is few.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, several changes and improvements can also be made, these belong to the present invention Protection scope.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district, which is characterized in that with " deciduous tree+machaka+green The planting patterns of hedge " carries out the three-dimensional planning plantation in gardens, mainly comprises the steps that
1), selection of seedling and pretreatment
1.1, selection of seedling: crown type is neat for selection, the high quality seedling of complete, the healthy and strong no disease and pests harm of root system, wherein deciduous tree and The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of machaka is greater than 2cm, and the height of hedgerow is less than 50cm；
1.2, lifting: slightly trimming above-mentioned selected nursery stock before lifting, specifically: it is cut by force after vacuating, stays growth branch more With the enriching shoot of germinating, pruning rate is 6/10~8/10, smears Wound-healing agent at trimming；
Transplant preceding 1~2 day lifting, low temperature is not higher than 5 DEG C when lifting, and the nursery stock root has round soil ball, described round native The diameter of ball is 4~6 times of nursery stock diameter, is tied up after lifting to round soil ball, waist twine 2~4 strands, it is perpendicular twine at interval of 3~ 5cm is tied up together, and tying up closely prevents soil ball is broken to dissipate；
2), site preparation: 5~10 days smooth reproducing areas and digging kind of a plant hole before definite value, and the deep 30~40cm in cave, kind plant hole diameter is than nursery stock circle Big 20~the 30cm of shape soil ball diameter is separated ground surface soil and underearth when digging kind plant hole with guaranteeing the growing space of seedling root It stacks, and rejects the sundries such as stone；
3) transplant: being transplanted by the end of March to mid-April, will in step 1) trimming seedling transportation of the digging with soil ball to transplanting site, Soil ball is put into completely in kind of plant hole, is backfilled after righting nursery stock with ground surface soil, soil ball surface thickness of earth covering is 8~10cm, is tracked tramping It is steady and sure；Wherein, the deciduous tree is colonized 1 row, and spacing in the rows is 8~11m, and the machaka is colonized 1 row between deciduous tree strain, Spacing in the rows is 2~3m, and the planting proportion of deciduous tree and machaka is 1:3~4, and the hedgerow is colonized 2 rows, in deciduous tree It is respectively colonized 1 row with the two sides of machaka row band, spacing in the rows is 25~35cm, and the spacing with deciduous tree and machaka row band is 55~65cm；
4) water and fertilizer management:
4.1, it irrigates: continuously with three water after the completion of transplanted seedling tree: filling first of water immediately after the completion of transplanting, the is filled after 5~8 days Two water fill third road water after 20~25 days, by the way of flood irrigation, filling is filled with enough thoroughly；
April annual later to September is irrigated, by the way of flood irrigation, every year irrigate 3~5 times, year irrigation volume be 150~ 350 sides/mu；
4.2, it applies fertilizer
Base manure: digging after good kind of plant hole, with plantation hill spacing from digging cave basal dressing at 40~50cm, the deep 25~30cm in cave, dose It is 8~12kg/ plants, the base manure is organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is one of decomposed cow dung, sheep dung or chicken manure of extruding Or several mixture；
Top dressing: April to September irrigation period top dressing 1 time, fertilizer are walked with water, and the dose of the deciduous tree and machaka is every li Rice 0.4~0.6kg of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 5:4:3, and the dose of the hedgerow is to apply per acre 13~17kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18~22kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8~12kg of potash fertilizer,
5) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage:
Red spider prevention and treatment: when rudiment, 50% 1000 times of liquid of Actellic is sprayed, kill overwintering worm's ovum, growth period sprays 20% 3 The 800 times of liquid prevention and treatments of chlorbenside sulfone；
Prevention and control of aphids: using 1000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid, is sprayed at mid-May, that is, aphid Sheng hair initial stage；
Cutworm prevention and treatment: using 50% Spanon, 1000 times of liquid prevention and treatments, it is spraying that spring carries out earth's surface.
2. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the deciduous tree For one of Largeleaf Chinese Ash, close diversiform-leaved poplar and summer rubber；The machaka is one of bedleaf cherry plum, shiny-leaved yellowhorn and flowering plum； The hedgerow is one of red leaf barberry, pumila and water wax.
3. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in step 3) When transplanted seedling tree, water-loss reducer of soil is added in the soil and after mixing in being backfilled to kind of plant hole, the water-loss reducer of soil Additional amount be 12~18kg/ mus.
4. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that plant initial stage A transpiration inhibitor was sprayed every 13~17 days, is sprayed altogether 3~4 times, was uniformly sprayed on blade surface with 20 times of liquid until drop Until falling, spraying time be before sunrise or after the sunset and guarantee following several days it is fine.
5. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that plant initial stage every A transpiration inhibitor is sprayed within 13~17 days, is sprayed altogether 3~4 times, is uniformly sprayed on blade surface with 20 times of liquid until drippage is Only, spraying time be before sunrise or after the sunset and guarantee following several days it is fine.
6. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that after the completion of plant, It is considered to be worth doing using wood fragments and carries out rhizosphere covering, cladding thickness is 3~5cm.
7. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer is urine Element, phosphate fertilizer are calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
8. the implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step 3) kind Lowest temperature when plant is greater than 5 DEG C.
CN201810885008.9A 2018-04-19 2018-08-06 A kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district Pending CN110384014A (en)

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CN114375754A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-04-22 新疆农垦科学院 Water-saving cultivation method for jujube orchard in arid region and application of water-saving cultivation method in cost reduction and quality improvement
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