CN110382608B - 处理绿泥的方法、处理过的绿泥、其用途、硫化橡胶的方法和硫化橡胶 - Google Patents
处理绿泥的方法、处理过的绿泥、其用途、硫化橡胶的方法和硫化橡胶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及处理绿泥的方法,其用作橡胶的硫化活化剂,为纤维素工业中生成的这种残余物提供了一个目的,并提供与已知的那些相比具有类似或增强的性质的硫化橡胶。处理绿泥的简单方法包括以下步骤:(a)干燥绿泥;和(b)将干燥的绿泥微粉化到2至45微米的平均粒度(d50)。本发明还涉及处理过的绿泥、处理过的绿泥作为硫化活化剂的用途、以及硫化橡胶的方法和硫化橡胶。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种处理绿泥的方法,绿泥是在纤维素生产过程中生成的残余物,用作硫化活化剂。本发明还涉及处理过的绿泥、处理过的绿泥的用途、硫化橡胶的方法、和使用处理过的绿泥的硫化橡胶。
发明背景
纤维素生产过程通常包括在蒸煮液的存在下将木屑放入蒸煮槽中,所述蒸煮液基本上由氢氧化钠和硫化钠的水溶液组成,这一步骤的目的是将纤维素与木质素分离,由此获得纤维素。分离的木质素混入到液体中,该液体随后被称为黑液。黑液接着进入回收锅炉,在那里黑液燃烧,所生成的热将用来产生热量,并由此产生能量。随后用稀释的苛性钠和硫化钠的料流处理来自锅炉的副产品,由此形成由锅炉中溶解的黑液的不完全燃烧产生的绿液;碳酸钠(Na2CO3);和硫化钠(Na2S)。在该过程中的这一节点处,通过添加钠盐和硫进行补充来保持这些元素的平衡。由于强碱性条件,大量包含在绿液中的非过程性矿物元素(如Al、Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、P、Si、Ca、Na)沉淀,这种材料在澄清绿液时被除去,并被称为绿泥。可以例如通过使用过滤器来除去绿泥。绿液接着在硫酸盐制浆法中用于苛化并形成白液(NaOH/Na2OH),作为蒸煮液返回至初始步骤中的蒸煮槽。
如上所述的绿泥是纤维素工业产生的残余物之一(尤其是在获取纤维素的硫酸盐制浆法中的绿液澄清中产生的残余物)的名称,它是深色的、糊状和略微颗粒状的材料,通常呈现出35至60%的稠度。由于强碱性工艺条件,绿泥具有从11至13不等的高pH。
在纤维素生产过程中绿泥的产量取决于工艺和设备的各种因素,为每吨制得的纤维素7至15千克不等。在2015年,巴西的纤维素产量为1720万吨,因此,2015年巴西的绿泥产量估计为20万吨。应当记住,更现代的纤维素生产单元的工作规模为150万吨纤维素。所以,这种规模的工厂产生大约1.5万吨绿泥。
因此,该行业面临的主要挑战是以可持续的方式消除生成的残余物。如今,绿泥与其它残余物(砂粒(gritz)、锅炉灰和白泥(lama de cal))混合,用于土壤处理和制备桉树林种植介质。这是工业上最常采用的用途,但是由于材料量巨大,不能解决问题。
一种替代方案是在橡胶硫化过程中使用绿泥。在巴西,仅就天然橡胶(NR)而言,年消耗量可估计为大约365,000吨,并在轮胎市场上有着广泛的应用。合成橡胶的年消耗量为大约400,000吨,在巴西,橡胶的年消耗量达到765,000吨。
巴西市场上商业化的主要合成橡胶是:丁苯橡胶(SBR);三元乙丙橡胶(borrachade dimero etileno-propileno,EPDM);聚丁二烯橡胶(BR);和丁腈橡胶(NBR),例如丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶,以及腈-丁二烯橡胶。这些橡胶占巴西合成橡胶市场的大约87%。
橡胶由弹性体材料形成,弹性体材料在置于特定的温度、压力和时间条件下时,其流变行为发生变化,由塑性状态变为弹性状态。这种转变过程称为硫化,其中硫与弹性体的某些引发点反应,在两个或更多个聚合物链之间形成交联,由此改变其流变行为。硫化的一般反应如下:
硫化体系含有硫、金属氧化物、双官能化合物和/或过氧化物,如果需要的话还含有促进剂、活化剂、迟延剂、补强负载(或填料)等等,用于产生合意的硫化特性和硫化橡胶的所需性质。
通过包含固化促进剂来减少硫化时间。诸如噻唑类、二硫代氨基甲酸盐类和胺醛类的产品通常用于此目的。
金属阳离子氧化物,例如锌的氧化物(ZnO)和镁的氧化物(MgO),用作活化剂。所述阳离子与促进剂相互作用,形成加速硫化过程的硫化化合物。在金属阳离子氧化物中,氧化锌是最常用作活化剂的产品。通常,氧化锌与脂肪酸(如硬脂酸)结合使用,锌离子通过形成来自酸与氧化物之间的化学反应的盐而变得可溶。特别地,混入脂肪酸和氧化锌以形成锌盐,作为活化硫化体系的供体或锌离子起作用。但是,氧化锌与大多数弹性体的低亲和力意味着要努力减少剂量以改善产品的混入时间。其减少也有助于减少硫化模具中硫化锌的结垢,所述结垢通过降低热交换不利地影响该过程的产率。
木质素,其包含在纸张和纤维素的制造过程中,是一种具有高分子量的有机和聚合物物质,在木材中丰富且重要,在产生抗性结构的细胞之间充当永久连接剂。在这个意义上,文献CN1044477 A描述了利用其天然的抗性,使用木质素作为橡胶生产中的补强负载。类似地,Ismail, Rusli和Rashid (2005)的论文(Maleated natural rubber as acoupling agent for paper sludge filled natural rubber composites. Polymer Testing 24 (2005) 856-862),Salmah, Ismail和Abu Bakar (2007)的论文(The Effectsof Dynamic Vulcanization and Compatibilizer on Properties of Paper Sludge-Filled Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science DOI 10.1002)以及Ismail等人(2008)的论文(The Effectof Partial Replacement of Paper Sludge by Commercial Fillers on NaturalRubber Composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 第 27卷, 第16期17/2008)提到了获自造纸过程的细胞纤维残余物在橡胶硫化过程中用作补强负载。
炭黑也是一种补强负载,并与二氧化硅(SiO2)一起是橡胶生产中最常用的负载之一。炭黑基本上是由大致球形颗粒形式的单质碳构成的材料,最大直径小于1微米,以聚集体形式聚集,并通过将液态或气态烃转化为单质碳和氢(通过部分燃烧或通过热分解)来制造。
在硫化过程中使用生成的绿泥残余物的范围内,参考文献BR102013016060-1,其公开了使用获自干法和湿法回收过程的产物,在橡胶硫化过程中加工和再利用来自绿泥的残余物。根据所述文献,由于获得的产物的高碳含量,获得了最优的硫化,并且由于该材料具有平均负载含量(如石灰石),其保持了所产生的橡胶的机械抗性。该文献表明所获得的产品充当补强负载,以及具有高碳含量的炭黑。
因此,需要消除/可持续应用绿泥(其是纤维素生产过程中生成的残余物,特别是在硫酸盐制浆法中在绿液的澄清中产生),尤其在橡胶硫化过程中。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种替代的、简单的且不太费力的处理绿泥的方法,特别是其作为硫化活化剂的应用,使纤维素工业中产生的这种残余物得到可持续利用,并提供来自处理过的绿泥的产物,其具有适于充当硫化活化剂的特性,以及提供具有与已知的那些相比类似或增强的性质的硫化橡胶。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种处理绿泥的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)干燥绿泥;和(b)将绿泥微粉化到2 至45微米的平均粒度(d50)。
本发明还涉及处理过的绿泥、处理过的绿泥作为橡胶的硫化活化剂的用途,还关注橡胶硫化方法,其包括向待硫化的橡胶(或弹性体)中添加硫化活化剂的步骤,其中该硫化活化剂是处理过的绿泥,并且还关注含有处理过的绿泥的硫化橡胶。
附图概述
图1呈现了纤维素生产中钠和钙的循环,其中在硫酸盐制浆法绿液(Na2CO3/Na2S)的澄清中移除绿泥。
图2呈现了进入本发明的方法的绿泥的粒度分布曲线。
图3呈现了本发明的处理过的绿泥的粒度分布曲线的一个实例。
发明详述
绿泥是因介质中的强碱性条件,绿液中所含有的大量非过程性矿物元素(如Al、Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、P、Si、Ca、Na)沉淀而产生的残余物,所述绿液包含基于黑液的不完全燃烧而生成的残渣、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)和硫化钠(Na2S)。
绿泥由金属阳离子基氧化物的混合物组成,例如铝;碱金属和碱土金属如钠、镁和钙;过渡金属如锰、铁和钴。以基于绿泥组成的总质量的质量%计,在绿液澄清过程中产生的绿泥的一般组成为:
烧失量(P.F.):35至45;
SiO2:0.5至2.0;
Al2O3:0.5至1.5;
Fe2O3:0.5至1.5;
TiO2:0.0至1.0;
CaO:35至50;
MgO:2至20;
K2O:0.0至1.0;
Na2O:0.5至5.0;
P2O5:0.2至1.5;
BaO:0.0至0.2;
SrO:0.0至0.5;
MnO:0.1至2.0;和
SO3:0.5至5.0。
要记住的是,绿泥的组成使得令人惊讶地发现,该残余物有可能减少作为硫化活化剂的氧化锌的使用,并还可起到减少促进剂的作用,因为其促进了硫化反应——形成硫交联的基本条件(也就是说,硫化)。此外,绿泥在其组成中还具有二氧化硅(SiO2),二氧化硅通常用作改善橡胶胶料的内聚力的补强剂。
因此,开发了一种用于处理绿泥的方法,使其适于用作硫化活化剂,能够取代氧化锌。处理绿泥的方法包括以下步骤:
(a)干燥绿泥;和
(b)将绿泥微粉化到2至45微米的平均粒度(d50)。
在进入该过程时,绿泥的粒度分布为90%在4毫米筛上通过,50%在1毫米筛上通过;也就是说,进料的90%具有小于4毫米的尺寸,并且该材料的一半具有小于1毫米的尺寸,如图2中所示。
将绿泥微粉化,直到平均粒度(d50)达到2至45微米,并且优选地,平均粒度为10至15微米。
将绿泥微粉化到2至45微米、优选10至15微米和更优选10微米的受控且低的平均粒度(d50),可以获得有效作为硫化活化剂的处理过的绿泥,其向橡胶提供类似或增强的性质。
平均粒度范围(d50)的改变直接作用于产品的表面积。因此,表面积越大,其有效性越高,因为表面活性越高,对弹性体的锚定越好,促进了其混入以及其作为硫化活化剂的作用。因此,根据绿泥的微粉化,实现了2至18 m2/g、优选13至15 m2/g、甚至更优选15 m2/g的表面积变化。
由于绿泥具有35至60%不等的稠度,特别是具有60%的平均稠度,在微粉化过程之前必须将残余物干燥以便能够完全粉碎这些颗粒。干燥步骤(a)通过隧道式干燥机、滚筒式干燥机(热空气或接触式)或流化床干燥机来进行。
微粉化步骤(b)使用锤磨机、球磨机、棒磨机、气流磨、摆动磨和/或长间隙磨机(moinho de vão longo)进行。
在本发明的实施方案中,干燥步骤(a)可以在与微粉化步骤(b)相同的设备中进行,该设备是例如摆动磨、气流磨或长间隙磨机。
工艺条件如下:
干燥能力为60至6,000 kg H2O/小时。
干燥的运行功率为11至700 kW。
干燥机速度对于集成式干燥机而言为20至6,000 rpm,对于滚筒式干燥机而言为10至500 rpm。
干燥机的空气流量为500至15,000 Nm3/小时。
微粉化能力为1,000至15,000千克/小时。
磨机的功耗为100至1500 kWh。
本发明的方法仅通过这两个步骤进行,并设法提供具有适于用作橡胶的硫化活化剂的特性的处理过的绿泥。处理过的绿泥包含与进入该过程的绿泥相同的组成,但获得了适于用作硫化活化剂的粒度;也就是说,以基于处理过的绿泥的质量%计,处理过的绿泥的组成为:P.F.:35至45;SiO2:0.5至2.0;Al2O3:0.5至1.5;Fe2O3:0.5至1.5;TiO2:0.0至1.0;CaO:35至50;MgO:2至20;K2O:0.0至1.0;Na2O:0.5至5.0;P2O5:0.2至1.5;BaO:0.0至0.2;SrO:0.0至0.5;MnO:0.1至2.0;和SO3:0.5至5.0。
为了最佳地产生作为硫化活化剂的绿泥,其颗粒必须减小至小尺寸。也就是说,含有上文规定的组成的处理过的绿泥具有2至45微米、优选10至15微米、甚至更优选10微米的平均粒度(d50);以及10至200微米、优选10至60微米、甚至更优选35微米的顶切(cortesuperior)(d97)。顶切(d97)是指颗粒的97%表现出低于某一特定直径的直径。
采用上文确定的粒度,处理过的绿泥呈现出2至18 m2/g、优选13至15 m2/g、甚至更优选15 m2/g的表面积。
本发明还涉及如上所述的处理过的绿泥作为橡胶的硫化活化剂的用途。
在上述粒度范围内,处理过的绿泥在各种类型的橡胶的组合物中以每100份弹性体1至5份不等的含量使用。优选地,处理过的绿泥以每100份弹性体2份的含量使用。
本发明的橡胶硫化方法包括向待硫化的弹性体中添加硫化活化剂的步骤,其中该硫化活化剂是如上所述的处理过的绿泥。待硫化的弹性体(或橡胶)是任何已知橡胶,如天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM);聚丁二烯橡胶(BR);和丁腈橡胶(NBR),例如丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶和腈-丁二烯橡胶。
在如上所述的本发明的橡胶硫化过程中,每100份待硫化的橡胶添加1至5份的处理过的绿泥,优选每100份弹性体2份。
该硫化橡胶呈现出与已知那些相比类似或增强的性质。以基于硫化橡胶质量的质量%计,根据本发明的硫化橡胶包含以下组分:
弹性体:100份
氧化锌:0至5份
硬脂精(润滑剂):1至2份
促进剂:0.5至1.5份
处理过的绿泥:1至5份
增塑剂:8至12份
抗氧化剂:0.8至1.2份
炭黑:48至52份
硫:1至2份。
下面陈述本发明的实施方案的实施例。
实施例
1. 处理绿泥的方法
1.1 采用饱和蒸汽滚筒式干燥机和球磨机的实施例
采用饱和蒸汽滚筒式烘干磨干燥15000千克来自硫酸盐制浆法的绿液澄清的绿泥残余物。应用以下干燥参数:
- 干燥能力:2500 kg/h
- 运行功率:50 kW
- 干燥机速度: 20 rpm
- 热量消耗:150 Kcal/kg
- 水蒸发:1500 kg H2O/h。
随后,使用球磨机根据以下参数进行微粉化过程。
- 能力:5000 kg/h
- 功耗:260 KWh
- 速度:200 rpm。
研磨该绿泥,直到达到以下粒度:平均尺寸(d50)为10微米;顶切(d97)为35微米。以基于处理过的绿泥质量的质量%计,该过程结束时处理过的绿泥的组成如下:
组分 | % |
P.F. | 40.90 |
SiO<sub>2</sub> | 1.62 |
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 0.82 |
Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 0.92 |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 0.04 |
CaO | 46.7 |
MgO | 3.58 |
K<sub>2</sub>O | 0.10 |
Na<sub>2</sub>O | 1.77 |
P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> | 0.57 |
BaO | 0.08 |
SrO | 0.28 |
MnO | 0.61 |
SO<sub>3</sub> | 1.61 |
1.2 采用长间隙磨机的实施例
采用蒸汽滚筒式烘干磨使用长间隙磨机干燥并研磨15000千克来自硫酸盐制浆法的绿液澄清的绿泥残余物。应用以下干燥和微粉化参数:
干燥条件:
- 干燥能力:5,000 kg/h
- 运行功率:160 kW
- 干燥机速度:2500 rpm
- 干燥机的空气流量:12,000 Nm3/h
- 空气温度:180℃
- 水蒸发:3000 kg H2O/h
微粉化条件:
- 微粉化能力:5,000 kg/h
- 磨机的功耗:200 kWh。
研磨该绿泥,直到达到以下粒度:平均尺寸(d50)为5微米;顶切(d97)为15微米。以基于处理过的绿泥质量的质量%计,该过程结束时处理过的绿泥的组成如下:所获得的组成与前一实施例相同。
2.使用绿泥作为硫化活化剂硫化橡胶的方法
在下列类型的橡胶(或弹性体)中评估根据本发明中所述方法的处理过的绿泥:NR、SBR、NBR和EPDM;并部分替代氧化锌至最高40%。
下面记载了用于弹性体的硫化的配方。对各配方施以相应的硫化,并因此应当是各硫化橡胶的最终配方。下文中呈现的所有实施例的硫化条件为:170℃的温度,12分钟的时间。
2.1 NR的硫化
下表显示了未采用和采用处理过的绿泥硫化的橡胶NR的配方之间的比较,以每百份橡胶的份数计。
下面记载了所获得的硫化NR橡胶的性质:
*T1 = 初始硫化时间
**T90 = 硫化完成的时间
***老化时间 = 70小时。
该比较表明,使用绿泥获得的硫化NR橡胶呈现出:在过程开始和过程结束时均更好的流变曲线;老化前后类似的A型硬度;老化前类似的抗张强度;老化前更好的断裂伸长率;类似的Δ硬度;更好的耐磨性;70h/100℃后相等的密度;好得多的DPC(22h/100℃);和类似的回弹性。
2.2 SBR的硫化
下表显示了未采用和采用处理过的绿泥的硫化SBR橡胶的配方之间的比较,以每百份橡胶的份数计(份/百份橡胶–PHR)。
下面记载了所获得的硫化SBR橡胶的性质:
*T1 = 初始硫化时间
**T90 = 硫化完成的时间
***老化时间 = 70小时。
该比较表明,使用绿泥获得的硫化SBR橡胶呈现出:在过程开始和过程结束时均更好的流变曲线;老化前后类似的A型硬度;老化前类似的抗张强度;老化前后类似的断裂伸长率;相等的Δ硬度;类似的Δ断裂伸长率;类似的抗撕裂性;类似的耐磨性;70h/100℃后相等的密度;更好的DPC(22h/100℃);和类似的回弹性。
2.3 NBR的硫化
下表显示了采用和未采用处理过的绿泥的硫化NBR橡胶的配方之间的比较,以每百份橡胶的份数计(份/百份橡胶–PHR)。
下面记载了所获得的硫化NBR橡胶的性质:
*T1 = 初始硫化时间
**T90 = 硫化完成的时间
***老化时间 = 70小时。
该比较表明,使用绿泥获得的硫化NBR橡胶呈现出:在过程开始和过程结束时均更好的流变曲线;老化前后相等的A型硬度;老化前后类似的抗张强度;老化前后类似的断裂伸长率;相等的Δ硬度;类似的Δ抗张强度;类似的Δ断裂伸长率;类似的抗撕裂性;好得多的耐磨性;70h/100℃后类似的密度;好得多的DPC(22h/100℃);和相等的回弹性。
2.4 EPDM的硫化
下表显示了未采用和采用处理过的绿泥的硫化EPDM橡胶的配方之间的比较,以每百份橡胶的份数计(份/百份橡胶–PHR)。
下面记载了所获得的硫化EPDM橡胶的性质:
*T1 = 初始硫化时间
**T90 = 硫化完成的时间
***老化时间 = 70小时。
该比较表明,使用绿泥获得的硫化EPDM橡胶呈现出:过程开始时相同的流变曲线;在过程结束时类似的流变曲线;老化前相等的A型硬度;老化后类似的A型硬度;老化后更好的抗张强度;老化后更好的断裂伸长率;类似的Δ硬度;好得多的Δ抗张强度;好得多的Δ断裂伸长率;类似的抗撕裂性;类似的耐磨性;70h/100℃后相等的密度;类似的DPC(22h/100℃);和相等的回弹性。
通过开发处理绿泥的简单方法实现了本发明的目的,该方法提供适合应用于橡胶的硫化活化剂替代氧化锌的处理过的绿泥,并提供了与已知的那些相比具有类似或增强的性质的橡胶。
开发用于处理绿泥的方法及其在橡胶硫化过程中的应用的优点显示了充分且有意识地利用纤维素制得的副产品及其后续的价值。对于橡胶制品的制造商而言,使用处理过的绿泥作为硫化活化剂也是值得注意的,因为提供了有竞争力的产品(绿泥),其易于混入橡胶胶料中,降低了环境影响并且还提高了生产率,因为其促进了更有效的硫化。因此,本发明为纤维素工业和橡胶工业提供了高度可持续且有益的产品。
已经描述了优选实施方案的实施例,应当理解的是,本发明的范围覆盖其它可能的变型,并且仅受所附权利要求的内容限制,其中包括潜在的等同物。
Claims (19)
1.一种处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(a)干燥所述绿泥,所述绿泥是在获取纤维素的硫酸盐制浆法中的绿液澄清中产生的残余物,其中所述绿泥以基于绿泥的总质量的质量%计包含:
烧失量:35至45;
SiO2:0.5至2.0;
Al2O3:0.5至1.5;
Fe2O3:0.5至1.5;
TiO2:0.0至1.0;
CaO:35至50;
MgO:2至20;
K2O:0.0至1.0;
Na2O:0.5至5.0;
P2O5:0.2至1.5;
BaO:0.0至0.2;
SrO:0.0至0.5;
MnO:0.1至2.0;和
SO3:0.5至5.0,
和
(b)将所述绿泥微粉化到2至45微米的平均粒度d50,
其中处理过的绿泥呈现出2 m2/g至18 m2/g的表面积,并且适于充当硫化活化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于通过隧道式干燥机、滚筒式干燥机或流化床干燥机来进行干燥步骤(a)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于进行微粉化步骤(b)直至所述绿泥的平均粒度d50达到10至15微米。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于使用锤磨机、球磨机、棒磨机、气流磨、摆动磨和/或长间隙磨机来进行微粉化步骤(b)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于干燥能力为60至6,000 kgH2O/小时。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于干燥的运行功率为11至700kW。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于干燥机速度对于集成式干燥机而言为20至6,000 rpm,对于滚筒式干燥机而言为10至500 rpm。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于干燥机的空气流量为500至15,000 Nm3/小时。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于微粉化能力为1,000至15,000 kg/小时。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理绿泥的方法,其特征在于磨机的功耗为100至1500kWh。
11.按照根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的处理绿泥的方法获得的处理过的绿泥,其特征在于以基于处理过的绿泥的质量%计,包含:
SiO2:0.5至2.0;
Al2O3:0.5至1.5;
Fe2O3:0.5至1.5;
TiO2:0.0至1.0;
CaO:35至50;
MgO:2至20;
K2O:0.0至1.0;
Na2O:0.5至5.0;
P2O5:0.2至1.5;
BaO:0.0至0.2;
SrO:0.0至0.5;
MnO:0.1至2.0;和
SO3:0.5至5.0,
其中所述处理过的绿泥具有35至45的烧失量,并且
其中处理过的绿泥呈现出2 m2/g至18 m2/g的表面积,和2至45微米的平均粒度d50。
12.根据权利要求11所述的处理过的绿泥,其特征在于呈现出10至200微米的顶切d97。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的处理过的绿泥,其特征在于以基于处理过的绿泥质量的质量%计,包含:
SiO2:1.62;
Al2O3:0.82;
Fe2O3:0.92;
TiO2:0.04;
CaO:46.7;
MgO:3.58;
K2O:0.10;
Na2O:1.77;
P2O5:0.57;
BaO:0.08;
SrO:0.28;
MnO:0.61;和
SO3:1.61,
其中所述处理过的绿泥具有40.90的烧失量。
14.如权利要求11至13任一项中限定的处理过的绿泥或通过根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的处理绿泥的方法获得的处理过的绿泥的用途,其特征在于所述处理过的绿泥用作橡胶硫化活化剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用途,其特征在于,基于每100份待硫化橡胶,所述处理过的绿泥的含量为1至5份。
16.一种橡胶硫化方法,其特征在于包括向待硫化橡胶中添加硫化活化剂的步骤,其中所述硫化活化剂是如权利要求11至13任一项中限定的处理过的绿泥或通过根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的处理绿泥的方法获得的处理过的绿泥。
17.根据权利要求16所述的橡胶硫化方法,其特征在于所述橡胶是天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、聚丁二烯橡胶或丁腈橡胶。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的橡胶硫化方法,其特征在于每100份待硫化橡胶添加1至5份处理过的绿泥。
19.通过根据权利要求16至18任一项所述的橡胶硫化方法获得的硫化橡胶,其特征在于,以基于硫化橡胶质量的质量%计,包含:
弹性体:100份
硬脂精:1至2份
促进剂:0.5至1.5份
处理过的绿泥:1至5份
增塑剂:8至12份
抗氧化剂:0.8至1.2份
炭黑:48至52份
硫:1至2份,
其中所述处理过的绿泥是根据权利要求11至13任一项所述的处理过的绿泥或通过根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的处理绿泥的方法获得的处理过的绿泥。
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CN101020182A (zh) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-22 | 王梅林 | 造纸工业碱回收固体废渣综合利用的方法 |
CN101386690A (zh) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-03-18 | 中山大学 | 一种废纸污泥复合填充剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN101766315A (zh) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-07-07 | 新疆大学 | 一种采用球磨机湿法超微粉碎核桃粕的方法 |
KR101381158B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-04-04 | (주)대건씨앤엘 | 커피슬러지와 콜크분말을 이용한 탄성고무칩 제조방법과 이에 의해 제조된 탄성고무칩 |
WO2015140003A1 (de) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh | Klebstoff |
CN204470266U (zh) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南联合餐厨垃圾处理有限公司 | 一种餐厨垃圾浆料除渣*** |
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US20200024801A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
UY37425A (es) | 2018-04-30 |
AR109772A1 (es) | 2019-01-23 |
ES2951467T3 (es) | 2023-10-23 |
EP3521356B1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
PL3521356T3 (pl) | 2023-09-11 |
US20220034033A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
US11767636B2 (en) | 2023-09-26 |
CA3038687C (en) | 2024-05-14 |
WO2018058219A1 (pt) | 2018-04-05 |
CO2019003663A2 (es) | 2019-06-28 |
EP3521356C0 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
BR102016022898B1 (pt) | 2021-05-18 |
EP3521356A1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
EP3521356A4 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
CN110382608A (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
US11306436B2 (en) | 2022-04-19 |
BR102016022898A2 (pt) | 2018-05-02 |
CL2019000861A1 (es) | 2019-10-25 |
CA3038687A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
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