CN110374641B - Construction method of tunnel lining - Google Patents
Construction method of tunnel lining Download PDFInfo
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- CN110374641B CN110374641B CN201910772623.3A CN201910772623A CN110374641B CN 110374641 B CN110374641 B CN 110374641B CN 201910772623 A CN201910772623 A CN 201910772623A CN 110374641 B CN110374641 B CN 110374641B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
- E01B25/22—Tracks for railways with the vehicle suspended from rigid supporting rails
- E01B25/24—Supporting rails; Auxiliary balancing rails; Supports or connections for rails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/122—Working or loading platforms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel lining construction method, aiming at solving the problems that the tunnel structure in the prior art can not meet the driving condition of a subway train and needs to be re-planned; the construction design difficulty of the hollow rail in the tunnel is high, and the problem that how to carry out construction work is not known. The invention provides a construction method of a tunnel lining, which comprises the following steps: s1, performing secondary lining preparation work on the basis of the completion of the primary lining and inverted arch construction of the tunnel to be constructed; s2, laying waterproof boards, and binding second lining reinforcing steel bars; s3, pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel to form a main body structure with two linings; s4, mounting the air-rail train track and a track mounting rack; and S5, pumping the concrete to the vault of the tunnel. The construction method of the tunnel lining can ensure that the air-rail track and the tunnel main body form a good stressed whole, so that the air-rail train runs more stably, safely and reliably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a construction method of a tunnel lining.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban scale is rapidly increased, the rhythm of urban life is accelerated, the number of urban population is rapidly increased, the traffic volume of people is more and more increased, and the air rail for relieving traffic jam is gradually known by the public and applied to urban construction. The air train is a suspended train traffic system, and the track of the air train is above the train. Empty railway vehicles belong to rail transit vehicles and need to run on relatively flat rails, and the rails of rail transit are hard rails, generally steel rails, such as railway rails and the like. The friction force provided by the hard track to the wheels of the vehicle is relatively small, so that the track traffic can have higher vehicle speed and low-cost traction power. The air-rail moves ground traffic to the air, construction cost is low, and the air-rail has the advantages of small influence on ground building facilities, high running speed of trains after opening, flexible track trend laying, no pollution to the environment in the running process and the like in the construction and running processes, so that the air-rail is rapidly developed in a plurality of cities and between cities. The research and development design of the suspension type rail transit system is realized earlier in Germany and Japan, and corresponding research is also carried out domestically in recent years.
Due to the special structure of the air-rail track, the lining structure of a conventional tunnel is not enough to meet the requirement that an air-rail train runs in the tunnel, the structure of a conventional tunnel traffic system needs to be improved, the ground (an inverted arch) in the tunnel is hard in geology, the construction of a pile foundation capable of achieving the designed embedding degree is extremely difficult, and the air-rail track structure outside the tunnel cannot be realized in the tunnel; the upright column cannot be directly arranged on a tunnel secondary lining (on a main body structure), and the secondary lining is easy to damage due to local stress; the large size of the rail upright column is not beneficial to the work of later-period dismantling, transportation, maintenance and the like; and the upright posts occupy valuable space inside the tunnel, and the tunnel enlarges the hole diameter, so that the construction cost is correspondingly increased. Therefore, how to design a lining construction mode for constructing the air-iron rail in the tunnel and the connecting structure between the air-iron rail and the tunnel is a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely to solve the problem that the tunnel structure in the prior art cannot meet the running condition of the air-rail train, the tunnel lining structure needs to be re-planned; the construction design difficulty of the hollow rail in the tunnel is high, and the problem that how to carry out construction work is not known. The invention provides a construction method of a tunnel lining, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing secondary lining preparation work on the basis of finishing primary lining and inverted arch construction of a tunnel to be constructed;
laying a waterproof board, and binding a second lining of steel bars;
pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel to form a main body structure with two linings;
fourthly, installing the air-rail train track and a track installation frame;
and fifthly, pumping the concrete to the vault of the tunnel.
In some preferred embodiments, the "secondary lining preparation work" of the first step further includes the following steps: measuring the end face of the primary lining before construction, performing secondary lining after surrounding rocks and the primary lining are deformed stably, processing the tunnel waterproof and drainage facility, the embedded part and the reserved cavern template, and detecting the thickness of the secondary lining steel bars, the thickness of the protective layer and the condition of void.
In some preferred technical solutions, "lay the waterproof board, tie two lining reinforcing bars" in said step two also includes the following steps: and water-proof steel strips are arranged at the tops of the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel.
In some preferred technical solutions, the step of "pumping concrete to the side walls on both sides of the tunnel to form the two-lined main body structure" further includes the following steps: and pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel until the concrete is flush with half of the width of the waterproof steel strip to form a main body structure with two linings.
In some preferable technical schemes, after the third step is completed, the main structure of the second liner needs to be maintained, so that the main structure of the second liner can provide better installation conditions for the track and the track installation frame of the air-rail train in the fourth step.
In some preferred technical schemes, in step four the air-rail train track is a track slab, the track mounting bracket is a track slab mounting bracket, and the air-rail train track and the track mounting bracket are prefabricated parts, wherein:
the track mounting frame comprises a supporting part and a connecting part, the supporting part is of an arch structure, the connecting part is arranged at two ends of the supporting part, and the arch radian and the structure of the supporting part are prefabricated according to the arch crown structure of the tunnel to be constructed; all be provided with a plurality of reservation holes on supporting part and the connecting portion, the track board mounting bracket passes through reservation hole and built-in fitting set firmly in two lining major structures in the tunnel.
In some preferred technical schemes, the track slab both ends are fixed in the tunnel vault through the track slab mounting bracket, the track slab is prefabricated component, the track slab includes bearing plate, deflector, floor, wherein:
the deflector set up perpendicularly as empty railway train deflector on the bearing plate, will the bearing plate divide into bearing wheel and steps on portion and support connecting portion, the floor sets firmly in the lower surface that the bearing wheel was stepped on as vertical reinforcing plate, wherein: the bearing wheel tread part is used as a track structure plate for providing the running of a bearing wheel of the air-train; the support connection portion serves as a support connection end portion that transmits load and force to the support member.
In some preferred technical solutions, the tunnel lining further includes a connection beam and an overhaul platform, and the step four of "installing the air-rail train track and the track installation frame" includes:
s1, installing a track board installation rack, conveying the track board installation rack into a tunnel, enabling connecting parts at two ends of an embedded part to be respectively assembled with the end parts of the side wall body secondary lining main body structures at two sides in the third step by enabling the embedded part to penetrate through a reserved hole in the track board installation rack, enabling a supporting part of the track board installation rack to be fixed on the wall surface of the tunnel arch part, and sequentially positioning and installing a plurality of track board installation racks along the length direction of the tunnel at certain intervals by repeating the process;
s2, mounting connecting beams, namely transversely and sequentially arranging a plurality of connecting beams between any two adjacent track slab mounting frames at certain intervals, fixing two ends of each connecting beam with any two adjacent track slab mounting frames respectively, and enabling the connecting beams and the track slab mounting frames to form a main bearing structure;
s3, installing an overhaul platform, and arranging the overhaul platform between every two adjacent connecting beams;
s4, installing track plates, namely, enabling bearing wheel tread parts of two track plates to approach or depart from each other to form a track plate group in a symmetrical mode with a certain gap, wherein the gap can allow empty trains to pass through, two ends of each track plate are respectively fixed with any two adjacent track plate installation frames, and the track plate group is arranged in the gap of S2, namely the inner sides of two adjacent connecting beams;
and S5, mounting a support piece, wherein the support piece is arranged between the track plate mounting frame and the track plate, so that one end of the support piece is connected with the track mounting frame, and the other end of the support piece is connected with the support connecting part of the track plate.
In some preferred technical solutions, the fourth step further includes the following steps: providing a pipeline pipe gallery, and arranging the pipeline pipe gallery above the connecting beam.
In some preferred technical solutions, before the step five, "pumping concrete to the tunnel vault", the method further includes the following steps: and (4) performing chiseling washing on the concrete of the main body structure of the secondary lining in the step three.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the construction method of the tunnel lining, after concrete is pumped to the side walls on the two sides to form a main body structure with two linings, the air-train track and the track installation frame are installed, and after the air-train track is installed, the pumped concrete is chiseled, cleaned and conveyed to the vault of the tunnel. By the method, the air-rail train track and the two-lining main body structure form a good stressed whole, so that the air-rail train runs more stably, safely and reliably. The construction method of the tunnel lining solves the problem that the air rail traffic system cannot erect the upright post in the tunnel to support the air rail train by adopting the rail plate mounting frame, and ensures that the air rail in the tunnel is more stable and durable by structures such as the connecting beam support piece and the like. The invention has simple structure, easily obtained materials and low construction cost, can improve the construction efficiency by adopting the construction method of the tunnel lining, has low technical requirement on constructors, and has no upright column, thereby effectively reducing the line spacing of double lines, reducing the width of the tunnel and saving the construction cost of the tunnel.
The construction method of the tunnel lining fully utilizes the space between the track slab mounting frames to arrange the maintenance platform, which is also used as a roof evacuation platform, and provides a platform and a channel for fire evacuation in the tunnel; reasonable utilization tunnel lateral wall space sets up side evacuation platform, improves the emergent evacuation efficiency in tunnel through roof evacuation platform and side evacuation platform, guarantees traffic system's in the tunnel security, takes place the accident when avoiding sparse.
The construction method of the tunnel lining reasonably plans the internal space of the tunnel by calculating the distance between the vault and the bottom ground of the tunnel, and arranges an empty rail traffic system at the top of the tunnel, so that the sidewalk, the motor vehicle lane and the like on the ground of the tunnel are not interfered, the passing condition of other vehicles and pedestrians is provided, and the problem of traffic transportation jam in the peak period is effectively relieved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a construction method of a tunnel lining of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a tunnel lining structure according to the construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a detailed flow of four steps of the construction method of a tunnel lining according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a tunnel lining structure according to step four of the construction method of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a first schematic view of a connection structure of an embodiment of a track slab mounting rack of the invention;
fig. 6 is a second schematic view of a connection structure of the track slab mounting frame according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a third schematic view of a connection structure of an embodiment of a track slab mounting frame of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a first schematic structural view of an embodiment of a track plate set of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a second schematic structural view of an embodiment of a track plate set of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a track slab according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of a tunnel air-rail transit system according to the construction method of the present invention;
list of reference numerals:
1-a track slab mounting frame; 2-track plate, 21-bearing plate, 21 a-support connecting part 21 b-bearing wheel tread part, 22-guide plate, 23-ribbed plate and 24-reinforcing rib; 3-connecting the beams; 4-embedded parts; 5-train, 51-bogie, 52-boom; 6-a support member; 7-pipeline pipe gallery; 8-detection platform; 9-bound; 10-two-liner body construction; 11-mountain body; 12-a drainage pipeline; 13-side evacuation platform; 14-primary support (primary excavation supporting structure in a tunnel); 15-upright post; 16-track beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the embodiments, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The invention provides a construction method of a tunnel lining, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing secondary lining preparation work on the basis of finishing primary lining and inverted arch construction of a tunnel to be constructed;
laying a waterproof board, and binding a second lining of steel bars;
pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel to form a main body structure with two linings;
fourthly, installing the air-rail train track and a track installation frame;
and fifthly, pumping the concrete to the vault of the tunnel.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the "secondary lining preparation work" of the first step further comprises the steps of: measuring the end face of the primary lining before construction, performing secondary lining after surrounding rocks and the primary lining are deformed stably, processing the tunnel waterproof and drainage facility, the embedded part and the reserved cavern template, and detecting the thickness of the secondary lining steel bars, the thickness of the protective layer and the condition of void.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step two of "laying the waterproof board and binding the second lining of the steel bars" further includes the following steps: and water-proof steel strips are arranged at the tops of the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of "pumping concrete to the side walls on both sides of the tunnel to form a two-lined main body structure" further comprises the following steps: and pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel until the concrete is flush with half of the width of the waterproof steel strip to form a main body structure with two linings.
In some embodiments of the invention, after the third step is completed, the second-lining main body structure needs to be maintained, so that the second-lining main body structure can provide better installation conditions for the rails and the rail installation frames of the four-step hollow railway train.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the fourth step, the air-rail train track is a track plate, the track mounting bracket is a track plate mounting bracket, and the air-rail train track and the track mounting bracket are both prefabricated components, wherein:
the track mounting frame comprises a supporting part and a connecting part, the supporting part is of an arch structure, the connecting part is arranged at two ends of the supporting part, and the arch radian and the structure of the supporting part are prefabricated according to the arch crown structure of the tunnel to be constructed; all be provided with a plurality of reservation holes on supporting part and the connecting portion, the track board mounting bracket passes through reservation hole and built-in fitting set firmly in two lining major structures in the tunnel.
In some embodiments of the present invention, two ends of the track slab are fixed to a tunnel vault through the track slab mounting frame, the track slab is a prefabricated component, the track slab includes a bearing plate, a guide plate, and a rib plate, wherein:
the deflector set up perpendicularly as empty railway train deflector on the bearing plate, will the bearing plate divide into bearing wheel and steps on portion and support connecting portion, the floor sets firmly in the lower surface that the bearing wheel was stepped on as vertical reinforcing plate, wherein: the bearing wheel tread part is used as a track structure plate for providing the running of a bearing wheel of the air-train; the support connection portion serves as a support connection end portion that transmits load and force to the support member.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the tunnel lining further includes a connection beam and an overhaul platform, and the step four of "installing the air-train track and the track installation frame" includes:
s1, installing a track board installation rack, conveying the track board installation rack into a tunnel, enabling connecting parts at two ends of an embedded part to be respectively assembled with the end parts of the side wall body secondary lining main body structures at two sides in the third step by enabling the embedded part to penetrate through a reserved hole in the track board installation rack, enabling a supporting part of the track board installation rack to be fixed on the wall surface of the tunnel arch part, and sequentially positioning and installing a plurality of track board installation racks along the length direction of the tunnel at certain intervals by repeating the process;
s2, mounting connecting beams, namely transversely and sequentially arranging a plurality of connecting beams between any two adjacent track slab mounting frames at certain intervals, fixing two ends of each connecting beam with any two adjacent track slab mounting frames respectively, and enabling the connecting beams and the track slab mounting frames to form a main bearing structure;
s3, installing an overhaul platform, and arranging the overhaul platform between every two adjacent connecting beams;
s4, installing track plates, namely, enabling bearing wheel tread parts of two track plates to approach or depart from each other to form a track plate group in a symmetrical mode with a certain gap, wherein the gap can allow empty trains to pass through, two ends of each track plate are respectively fixed with any two adjacent track plate installation frames, and the track plate group is arranged in the gap of S2, namely the inner sides of two adjacent connecting beams;
and S5, mounting a support piece, wherein the support piece is arranged between the track plate mounting frame and the track plate, so that one end of the support piece is connected with the track mounting frame, and the other end of the support piece is connected with the support connecting part of the track plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fourth step further comprises the steps of: providing a pipeline pipe gallery, and arranging the pipeline pipe gallery above the connecting beam.
In some embodiments of the present invention, before the step five "pumping concrete to the tunnel vault", the method further comprises the following steps: and (4) performing chiseling washing on the concrete of the main body structure of the secondary lining in the step three.
The empty railway tunnel is the same as a common railway tunnel, and has the measures and facilities of earth and stone excavation, anchor rod anchoring, primary supporting, isolation and water prevention, main body secondary lining, water catchment ditch in the tunnel, lighting in the tunnel, ventilation in the tunnel and the like. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is all terms of art, and that specific operations not within the scope of the invention are well known and can be performed.
The air-rail track in the tunnel can not construct a pile foundation under the ground like the track outside the tunnel, the ground (an inverted arch) in the tunnel is hard in geology, and the construction of the pile foundation capable of achieving the designed embedding degree is extremely difficult. The upright column cannot be directly arranged on the secondary lining (on the main body structure) of the tunnel, and the secondary lining is easy to damage due to local stress. Thirdly, the large size of the rail upright column is not beneficial to the later-period dismantling, transportation, maintenance and other work; therefore, the empty rail structure form which is simple and convenient to install, convenient to maintain and does not cause great influence on the tunnel structure is needed; in order to achieve the above effect, the rail plate capable of providing sufficient bearing capacity for the air iron needs to be installed on the air iron rail in the tunnel. The track plate is assembled and fixed by using the track plate mounting frame. The embedded part of the track slab mounting rack is positioned inside the tunnel vault and connected with the two lining steel bars, the track slab mounting rack and the vault form a whole, and the arch structure of the tunnel vault is used for bearing and dispersing loads of the track slab and the air-rail train.
In order to more clearly explain the construction method of the tunnel lining of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a tunnel lining construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel lining according to the construction method of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the construction method of the tunnel lining includes the steps of:
firstly, performing secondary lining preparation work on the basis of finishing primary lining and inverted arch construction of a tunnel to be constructed; the primary lining is the primary support for preventing the tunnel wall from collapsing on the mountain 11, the structure of the primary support 14 is referred to as the structure of the primary support 2, and the construction method of the tunnel lining starts on the basis of the primary support 14. The invention should be measured before the construction of the end face of the primary support 14, and the installation quality of secondary lining, tunnel water drainage prevention facilities, embedded parts, reserved cavern templates and the like is carried out after the deformation of surrounding rocks and the primary support 14 is basically stable, and the installation quality is in accordance with the design and specification requirements, and the project should mainly entrust qualified professional detection units to detect the thickness of the secondary lining reinforcing steel bars, the protective layer and the void condition, and process the non-conforming requirements.
Laying a waterproof board, and binding a second lining of steel bars; the secondary lining is formal support for the tunnel wall on the primary support basis and consists of reinforced tunnel soil and a waterproof layer. The drawings of the present invention do not show the concrete structures of the waterproof board and the two lining steel bars, and the construction steps are well known to those skilled in the art, and are performed by the well-known technology, and thus, redundant description is not repeated herein.
Preferably, the second step further comprises the steps of: the waterproof strips are preferably waterproof steel strips, the main function of the waterproof strips is to prevent liquid leakage, the water environment can be prevented from seepage and isolated by installing the waterproof strips in the tunnel lining, and the waterproof strips also play a role in reinforcement and protection.
Pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel to form a main body structure with two linings; the concrete should be continuously operated during pouring, so that the 'cold joint' caused by stop is avoided. When concrete close to the waterproof strip is poured and tamped, the pouring and tamping impact force should be strictly controlled, and the waterproof strip is prevented from being punctured due to overlarge force. Meanwhile, the concrete must be vibrated sufficiently to ensure the close combination of the concrete and the water-resisting strip.
Preferably, if the water-resisting steel strips are additionally arranged at the tops of the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel in the step two, in the step three, when concrete is pumped to the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel, construction can be stopped when the height of the poured concrete is half of the width of the water-resisting steel strips, and then the concrete is tamped and maintained to form a two-lining main body structure. The quality of concrete depends mainly on its compactness. Proper tamping vibration can ensure that the concrete is well tamped, thereby obtaining the best compactness and saving the using amount of cement. The method eliminates a large amount of air in the concrete, increases the strength and durability of the concrete, reduces the problems of honeycomb pitted surface and the like. The construction method of the tunnel lining is mainly used for realizing the running of the air-rail train in the tunnel, so that a main mechanism of a second lining is required to be maintained after the step three is completed, the main structure of the second lining is more stable, the capacity of bearing embedded parts is higher, and better installation conditions can be provided for the track of the air-rail train and the track installation frame in the step four.
Fourthly, installing the air-rail train track and a track installation frame; since the air-train in the tunnel cannot be constructed like the column and the track beam outside the tunnel, it is necessary to provide a track plate 2 capable of providing bearing capacity for the air-train during tunnel lining, the track plate 2 serves as a running track of the air-train, so that the train can run along the extending direction of the track plate 2, and the track plate 2 is fixed by the track plate mounting frame 1 so that the bearing capacity of the train can be transmitted to the tunnel vault and the side wall. The track slab 2 and the track mounting rack 1 are both prefabricated components, the structural schematic diagrams of the track slab 2 and the track slab mounting rack 1 are shown in fig. 5-10, referring to fig. 5, the track mounting rack 1 comprises a supporting part and a connecting part, the supporting part is of an arch structure, the connecting part is arranged at two ends of the supporting part, and the arch radian and the structure of the supporting part are prefabricated according to the arch crown structure of the tunnel to be constructed; all be provided with a plurality of reservation holes on supporting part and the connecting portion, the track board mounting bracket passes through reservation hole and built-in fitting 4 set firmly in two lining major structure 10 in the tunnel, and the domes of track board mounting bracket 1 coincide with the tunnel vault and become a whole, and track board mounting bracket 1 utilizes the domes of tunnel vault to bear and disperse the load of track board 2 and empty railway train.
Further, the tunnel air-rail track traffic system of the tunnel lining construction method of the invention further comprises a connecting beam 3 and an overhaul platform 8, and the concrete construction steps of 'installing air-rail train tracks and track installation frames' in the fourth step comprise:
s1, the installation of track board mounting bracket, transport track board mounting bracket 1 to the tunnel in, evenly be provided with a plurality of reservation holes on the track board mounting bracket 1, through making two embedded parts 4 in lining in the tunnel run through in reserving the hole, track board mounting bracket 1 sets firmly in the tunnel vault, the connecting portion at track board mounting bracket 1 both ends respectively with in the step three the two embedded parts 4 in lining major structure 10 of the side wall body of both sides assemble, make simultaneously the supporting part of track board mounting bracket 1 is fixed in tunnel arch portion wall, track board mounting bracket 1 becomes a whole with the vault, utilizes the domes of tunnel vault to bear and disperse the load of track board and empty railway train. The embedded parts 4 are multiple and are evenly distributed on the supporting portions and the connecting portions of the track slab mounting frame 1, so that the track slab mounting frame 1 is firmer and more reliable, meanwhile, the contact area between the track slab mounting frame 1 and the tunnel vault can be increased for enhancing the stability of the track slab mounting frame 1, and the mounting surface where the embedded parts 4 are located is widened. The embedded parts 4 can be embedded bolts or other structures, and the skilled person in the art can flexibly select the types and the structures of the embedded parts 4 according to practical application as long as the track slab mounting frame 1 can be fixed on the tunnel vault. The arched structure of the track slab mounting frame 1 has large spanning capacity, and compared with a steel bridge and a reinforced concrete beam bridge, the arched structure can save a large amount of steel and cement, bear larger pressure than a cross beam and be connected with a tunnel vault better and more stably.
Specifically, still be provided with boundary limit 9 on the track board mounting bracket, the boundary limit transversely set up in track board group is fixed in on the track board mounting bracket 1, and boundary limit 9 is used for the restriction to wait to detect the height dimension of train and passes through the needs for the bogie, and boundary limit 9 plays horizontal support reinforcing effect on the one hand, and still can install camera, laser radar detection device etc. on the other hand boundary limit and carry out the accurate measurement to the air train and go, ensure the safety of train operation. The above process is repeated with reference to fig. 2 such that a plurality of track slab mounting frames 1 are sequentially positioned and mounted along the length direction of the tunnel at regular intervals. One end of the track slab mounting frame 1 at the tunnel portal is connected with the track slab 2, the other end of the track slab mounting frame is connected with a track beam 16 and a stand column 15 of an empty track system outside the tunnel, and the train 5 can walk along the extending direction of the track beam 16. The empty rail transit system can realize good connection between the outside and the inside of the tunnel, and ensure the normal running of the train. The track beam 16 and the upright post 15 are of a conventional air-rail track system structure, which is described in other patents and will not be described herein. The construction method of the tunnel lining can realize good connection between the outside and the inside of the tunnel and ensure the normal operation of the train.
And S2, mounting connecting beams, wherein the adjacent track slab mounting frames 1 are connected through the connecting beams, and the connecting beams 3 can improve the stability and the integral structural rigidity of the track slab mounting frame group. After the installation of the track slab mounting frame is completed, the connecting beams 3 are transversely arranged between any two adjacent track slab mounting frames 1 at certain intervals in sequence, the two ends of the connecting beams 3 are fixed with any two adjacent track slab mounting frames 1 respectively, and the connecting beams 3 and the track slab mounting frames 1 form a main bearing structure. The structure between the track slab mounting frames is reinforced through the connecting beams 3, the structural rigidity is improved, and the stability is enhanced.
And S3, installing an overhaul platform, and arranging an overhaul platform 8 between every two adjacent connecting beams 3. The overhaul platform 8 can bear a plurality of people to serve as a roof fire-fighting evacuation platform, and provides a platform and a channel for fire-fighting evacuation in the tunnel. In the embodiment of the invention, two adjacent track slab mounting frames 1 shown in the figure are fixedly connected through 4 connecting beams, wherein four connecting beams 3 are divided into two groups in pairs and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the track slab groups, and a gap is reserved between two adjacent connecting beams between the two track slab groups and is used for mounting an overhaul platform 8. Similarly, other equipment, such as a third-party contact rail, can be further installed by utilizing the connecting beams among the rail plate installation frames to provide running power for the train; such as a camera, to provide images for equipment monitoring; if the air duct is installed, air is exchanged in the tunnel; such as signal lamps, for providing signal indication for train running; even the guide plates required by the train bogie can be arranged on the connecting beam, and the connecting beam can be provided with any one or any combination of the guide plates.
And S4, installing the track slabs, and symmetrically arranging the bearing wheel tread parts 21b of the two track slabs 2 close to or away from each other to form a track slab group at a certain gap, wherein the gap can allow the empty railway train to pass through and is a limited space required by a suspender between the empty railway train and a bogie thereof. Two ends of each track plate 2 are respectively fixed to any two adjacent track plate mounting frames 1, and the track plate groups are arranged in the space of S2, that is, the inner sides of two adjacent connecting beams 3. The track slab support frame 1 is used for erecting a track slab 2, and the air-train 5 can travel along the extending direction of the track slab 2. It should be noted that the number of the track slab mounting frames 1, the track slabs 2 and the connecting beams 3 depends on the actual length and the internal structure of the tunnel, and if the length of the track slab 2 is too long, the rigidity is low and the stability is poor; the number of the track slab mounting frames 1 and the connecting beams 3 is increased correspondingly when the length of the track slab 2 is too short, so that materials are wasted, and working hours are consumed.
S5, mounting the supporting member, and further comprising a supporting member 5 for stabilizing the track, wherein the supporting member 6 is disposed between the track plate mounting frame 1 and the track plate 2 as a load and force transmission member of the track plate 2, and one end of the supporting member 6 is connected to the track mounting frame 1, and the other end is connected to the supporting connection portion 21a of the track plate 2. When the train passes through the track board, track board 2 transmits power to track board mounting bracket 1 through support piece 6, and support piece 6 is as load and power transmission component, with the load on track board 2 through track board mounting bracket 1 with power dispersion and even transmission to the tunnel vault to bear the load of track system and train, guarantee that the train operates steadily, safely. The number, structure and connection form of the supporting members 6 can be flexibly designed by those skilled in the art through scientific calculation and optimization and practical application according to the section shape of the track slab and the load of the train, so as to realize the connection, support and conduction between the track slab 2 and the track slab mounting frame 1, and the adjustment of the number, structure and connection form does not depart from the principle and scope of the present invention, and should be limited within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the construction method of the tunnel lining, the main bearing structures, namely the track slab mounting frame 1 and the connecting beam 3 are firstly mounted, the maintenance platform 8 is then mounted, the mounting accuracy of the main bearing structures and the maintenance platform 8 does not need to be accurate, the track slab 2 and the supporting piece 6 thereof need to provide mounting conditions by utilizing the main bearing structures and the maintenance platform 8 in the mounting process, and the accurate positions of the high-speed track slab 2 can be accurately utilized by utilizing the main bearing structures and the connecting beam 3 through the construction sequence. Further, the fourth step further comprises the following steps: a pipeline pipe lane is provided, with the pipeline pipe lane 7 being disposed above the connecting beam 3. Pipeline piping lane 7 is hollow structure, and it sets up and is used for providing the crane span structure for power cable, lighting cable, signal cable, optical cable, communication cable etc. on the tie-beam 3, and the skilled person in the art can design the quantity and the structure of pipeline piping lane 7 according to practical application is nimble.
And fifthly, pumping the concrete to the vault of the tunnel. And after the track slab mounting frame and the empty track are mounted, performing roughening washing on the secondary lining main body structure 10 in the third step, wherein roughening is mainly used for chiseling floating slurry on the concrete surface of the original secondary lining main body structure, and because construction joints are formed at the joint when the new concrete and the old concrete are combined, the continuity of the concrete structure is influenced, and the concrete is not beneficial to bending resistance and shearing resistance. The mutual dislocation can be generated during bending resistance; if the surface is not in a plane, the phenomenon of dislocation is improved; it is more advantageous for shearing resistance because the new and old concrete joints have certain roughness and have resistance to canine-dental crossing, and are not easily damaged. The chiseling can make the concrete at the new and old joints compact and firm. And after cleaning, continuously pouring concrete until the vault of the tunnel, and finishing construction.
It should be noted that a common air-rail track generally has an outer suspension type (the bogie of the air-rail is disposed outside the track beam) and an inner suspension type (the bogie of the air-rail is disposed inside the hollow of the track beam). At present, the internal suspension type and internal suspension type air-rail traffic system is commonly used for domestic and foreign air railways, and the reference is made to fig. 11. Bearing wheel tread portions 21b of two track plates 2 in the track plate groups are close to each other as shown in fig. 8, furthermore, a train 5 is arranged between the track plate groups through a bogie 51, bearing wheels of the bogie 51 are arranged on the bearing wheel tread portions 21b at the moment, a guide plate 22 is used as a guide wheel tread of the bogie 51 to guide the bogie 51, the bogie 51 is connected with the train 5 through a suspension rod 52, the bearing wheels roll along the length direction of the track plates 2 to drive the train 5 to move forwards, two track plate groups are symmetrically arranged on one track plate mounting rack 1, the tunnel lining method illustrated in the drawing of the invention is an inner suspension type empty track traffic system for accommodating a bidirectional moving train, and because the empty track traffic system built by the construction method for tunnel lining eliminates a stand column structure, the line spacing of double lines can be effectively reduced when the technicians in the field sets, which is beneficial to reducing the tunnel width, i.e. reducing the tunnel construction costs.
The externally-suspended air iron is divided into a single-side externally-suspended type and a double-side externally-suspended type, only one C-shaped suspension rod is arranged between a bogie of the single-side externally-suspended air iron and a carriage, and the C-shaped suspension rod is positioned on one side of the track plate; two suspenders or connectors are arranged between the bogie of the double-side externally suspended air rail and the carriage, and the suspenders or the connectors are respectively positioned on two sides of the track slab. The arrangement mode of the externally suspended track slabs is shown in fig. 9, the bearing wheel tread portions 21b of two track slabs 2 in the track slab groups are deviated from each other, at the moment, a bearing wheel of a bogie is arranged on the bearing wheel tread portions 21b, a guide slab 22 is used as a guide wheel tread of the bogie to guide the bogie, the bogie is connected with a train through a C-shaped suspender or a connector, the bearing wheel rolls along the length direction of the track slab 2 to drive the train to move forwards, and two track slab groups are symmetrically arranged on one track slab mounting frame. It is understood that, since other structures of the externally suspended empty rail are the same as those of the internally suspended empty rail described in the above description of the present invention, detailed description of the drawings will be omitted.
The construction method of the tunnel lining further comprises the following steps: the drainage pipeline 12 and the side evacuation platform 13 are provided as shown in fig. 11, the drainage pipeline 12 is arranged below the tunnel ground, the drainage pipeline 12 is preferably completed before the two-lining main body structure is poured, the tunnel ground can be built together with ground sidewalks and motor vehicle lanes, conditions for passing other vehicles and pedestrians are provided, a drainage ditch is reserved during tunnel construction, the drainage ditch can guide water flow to the bottom of the tunnel from all directions, the bottom of the tunnel is provided with the drainage pipeline 12 for collecting water longitudinally, and the arrangement form, the section size and the longitudinal gradient of the drainage pipeline 12 are determined according to the water quantity, the line gradient, the tunnel construction requirement and other factors. According to the construction method of the tunnel lining, the side wall of the tunnel is fully utilized, the side evacuation platform 13 which is aligned with the train door and is flush with the floor of the carriage is arranged, the side evacuation platform 13 can pump concrete to the predicted position of the base platform of the side evacuation platform 13 according to the installation mode of the track slab installation frame 1, the base platform of the side evacuation platform 13 is installed when the concrete reaches a certain bearing degree, and then the concrete is continuously poured to the vault. The invention utilizes the limited space to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency of the tunnel, ensures the safety of a traffic system in the tunnel and avoids accidents during evacuation.
The invention can also be simplified into a single-line tunnel, namely, only one group of track plate groups is arranged on the track plate mounting frame for the train to run on a single line. Both the double-line tunnel and the single-line tunnel belong to the design idea of the invention and are within the protection scope of the invention. The turnout in the tunnel does not need to have huge volume like the turnout outside the tunnel, and is more convenient for maintenance and repair work of the turnout.
In the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application, at least the following technical effects and advantages are provided:
according to the construction method of the tunnel lining, after concrete is pumped to the side walls on the two sides to form a main body structure with two linings, the air-train track and the track installation frame are installed, and after the air-train track is installed, the pumped concrete is chiseled, cleaned and conveyed to the vault of the tunnel. By the method, the air-rail train track and the two-lining main body structure form a good stressed whole, so that the air-rail train runs more stably, safely and reliably. The construction method of the tunnel lining solves the problem that the air rail traffic system cannot erect the upright post in the tunnel to support the air rail train by adopting the rail plate mounting frame, and ensures that the air rail in the tunnel is more stable and durable by structures such as the connecting beam support piece and the like. The invention has simple structure, easily obtained materials and low construction cost, can improve the construction efficiency by adopting the construction method of the tunnel lining, has low technical requirement on constructors, and has no upright column, thereby effectively reducing the line spacing of double lines, reducing the width of the tunnel and saving the construction cost of the tunnel.
The construction method of the tunnel lining fully utilizes the space between the track slab mounting frames to arrange the maintenance platform, which is also used as a roof evacuation platform, and provides a platform and a channel for fire evacuation in the tunnel; reasonable utilization tunnel lateral wall space sets up side evacuation platform, improves the emergent evacuation efficiency in tunnel through roof evacuation platform and side evacuation platform, guarantees traffic system's in the tunnel security, takes place the accident when avoiding sparse.
The construction method of the tunnel lining reasonably plans the internal space of the tunnel by calculating the distance between the vault and the bottom ground of the tunnel, and arranges an empty rail traffic system at the top of the tunnel, so that the sidewalk, the motor vehicle lane and the like on the ground of the tunnel are not interfered, the passing condition of other vehicles and pedestrians is provided, and the problem of traffic transportation jam in the peak period is effectively relieved.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a tunnel lining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, performing secondary lining preparation work on the basis of finishing primary lining and inverted arch construction of a tunnel to be constructed;
laying a waterproof board, and binding a second lining of steel bars;
pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel to form a main body structure with two linings;
step four, installing the air-rail train track, the connecting beam and the track installation rack,
s1, installing a track board mounting rack, conveying the track board mounting rack into a tunnel, enabling connecting parts at two ends of an embedded part to be respectively assembled with the end parts of the side wall body secondary lining main body structures at two sides in the third step by enabling the embedded part to penetrate through a reserved hole in the track board mounting rack, enabling a supporting part of the track board mounting rack to be fixed on the wall surface of the tunnel arch part, and repeating the process to enable a plurality of track board mounting racks to be sequentially positioned and installed along the length direction of the tunnel at certain intervals;
s2, mounting connecting beams, namely transversely arranging a plurality of connecting beams between any two adjacent track slab mounting frames in sequence at certain intervals, fixing two ends of each connecting beam with any two adjacent track slab mounting frames respectively, and enabling the connecting beams and the track slab mounting frames to form a main bearing structure;
s3, installing track plates, namely, enabling bearing wheel tread parts of two track plates to approach or depart from each other to form a track plate group in a symmetrical mode with a certain gap, wherein the gap can allow empty trains to pass through, two ends of each track plate are respectively fixed with any two adjacent track plate installation frames, and the track plate group is arranged in the gap of S2, namely the inner sides of two adjacent connecting beams;
s4, mounting a support member, the support member being disposed between the track slab mounting bracket and the track slab, such that one end of the support member is connected to the track mounting bracket and the other end is connected to the support connection portion of the track slab;
and fifthly, pumping the concrete to the vault of the tunnel.
2. The method of constructing a tunnel lining according to claim 1, wherein the "secondary lining preparation work" of the first step further comprises the steps of: measuring the end face of the primary lining before construction, performing secondary lining after surrounding rocks and the primary lining are deformed stably, processing the tunnel waterproof and drainage facility, the embedded part and the reserved cavern template, and detecting the thickness of the secondary lining steel bars, the thickness of the protective layer and the condition of void.
3. The method for constructing a tunnel lining according to claim 1, wherein the step two of "laying waterproof boards and binding second lining reinforcing steel bars" further comprises the steps of: and water-proof steel strips are arranged at the tops of the side wall bodies on the two sides of the tunnel.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said step three of pumping concrete into the side walls on both sides of the tunnel to form a secondary lining main structure further comprises the steps of: and pumping concrete to the side wall bodies on two sides of the tunnel until the concrete is flush with half of the width of the waterproof steel strip to form a main body structure with two linings.
5. The tunnel lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein after the third step, the second lining main body structure is maintained, so that the second lining main body structure can provide better installation conditions for the track and the track installation frame of the four-step hollow railway train.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the air-train track is a track slab, the track mount is a track slab mount, and the air-train track and the track mount are both prefabricated parts, wherein:
the track mounting frame comprises a supporting part and a connecting part, the supporting part is of an arch structure, the connecting part is arranged at two ends of the supporting part, and the arch radian and the structure of the supporting part are prefabricated according to the arch crown structure of the tunnel to be constructed; all be provided with a plurality of reservation holes on supporting part and the connecting portion, the track board mounting bracket passes through reservation hole and built-in fitting set firmly in two lining major structures in the tunnel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein both ends of the track slab are fixed to the tunnel vault by the track slab mounting frame, the track slab is a prefabricated member, the track slab comprises a bearing plate, a guide plate and a rib plate, wherein:
the deflector set up perpendicularly as empty railway train deflector on the bearing plate, will the bearing plate divide into bearing wheel and steps on portion and support connecting portion, the floor sets firmly in the lower surface that the bearing wheel was stepped on as vertical reinforcing plate, wherein:
the bearing wheel tread part is used as a track structure plate for providing the running of a bearing wheel of the air-train;
the support connection portion serves as a support connection end portion that transmits load and force to the support member.
8. The method of constructing a tunnel lining according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel lining further comprises an inspection platform, and at S2 of the fourth step, the connection beam further comprises an inspection platform after being installed, and an inspection platform is disposed between two adjacent connection beams.
9. The method of constructing a tunnel lining according to claim 8, wherein said step four further comprises the steps of:
providing a pipeline pipe gallery, and arranging the pipeline pipe gallery above the connecting beam.
10. The method of constructing a tunnel lining of claim 1, wherein said step five "pumping concrete to the crown of the tunnel" further comprises the steps of:
and (4) performing chiseling washing on the concrete of the main body structure of the secondary lining in the step three.
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