CN110364319B - Ptc热敏电阻元件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于回火设备(1)的PTC热敏电阻元件(6),所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)具有主体(14),该主体(14)具有正温度系数。实现了PTC热敏电阻元件(1)的效率提高,因为主体具有PTC热敏电阻组件(15),该PTC热敏电阻组件(15)具有正温度系数,并且至少在所述主体的芯(17)中还具有陶瓷组件(16),该陶瓷组件(16)的导热率为至少2.5W/mK,所述陶瓷组件(16)以分布方式设置。本发明还涉及制造此种PTC热敏电阻元件(6)的方法、具有至少两个此种PTC热敏电阻元件(6)的PTC热敏电阻模块(2)、以及具有至少一个此种PTC热敏电阻模块(2)的回火设备(1)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于回火设备的PTC热敏电阻元件。本发明还涉及一种制造此种PTC热敏电阻元件的方法和一种具有多个此种PTC热敏电阻元件的PTC热敏电阻模块。本发明还涉及一种具有此种PTC热敏电阻模块的回火设备。
背景技术
PTC热敏电阻元件(也称为PTC元件)具有正温度系数并且通常用于加热物体或流体的回火设备中。为了使此种PTC热敏电阻元件工作,需要一种电源,其通常由电线提供,具体地由电极提供,该电源与PTC热敏电阻元件电接触,具体地支承在PTC热敏电阻元件上。PTC热敏电阻元件的正温度系数,即随着温度升高而增加的PTC热敏电阻元件的电阻,导致所述PTC热敏电阻元件在电流流动时产生并发散热量,所述热量用于所述加热。在PTC热敏电阻元件中已知所谓的阻挡层,其在操作时产生极高的电阻并因此不允许任何电流流动或显著地限制任何电流流动。因此,这种类型的阻挡层直接导致PTC热敏电阻元件内的较低的热量产生,从而导致PTC热敏电阻元件的效率降低。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供改进的或至少替代的实施例,该实施例用于开头所述类型的PTC热敏电阻元件,用于制造此种PTC热敏电阻元件的方法,用于具有多个此类PTC热敏电阻元件的PTC热敏电阻模块,以及用于具有至少一个这种类型的PTC热敏电阻模块的回火设备,所述改进的或至少替代的实施例的显著特点是相应的PTC热敏电阻元件的效率提高。
根据本发明,该目的通过独立权利要求的主题实现。有利的实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明是基于在PTC热敏电阻元件中提供组件的一般原理,除了提供确保特定于PTC热敏电阻元件的正温度系数的组件之外,还提供了与PTC热敏电阻组件相比具有增加的导热率的此类组件,其中这些组件以分布方式设置在PTC热敏电阻元件中。所存在的具有增加的导热率的组件确保了PTC热敏电阻元件内的改进的热传递,特别是分别朝向PTC热敏电阻元件的外侧或表面。这防止了所谓的阻挡层的构造,或者至少导致不太明显的阻挡层,其在PTC热敏电阻元件的操作中具有与相邻区域相比更高的电阻,使得所述阻挡层阻止电流的流动或至少显著地减小后者。在本文中利用了由于正温度系数而在温度升高的区域中产生这种类型的阻挡层的知识。因此,PTC热敏电阻元件内的改善的热传递确保了避免或至少以不太明显的方式产生此类区域。PTC热敏电阻内的改善的热传递以及防止或至少减少阻挡层因此导致PTC热敏电阻元件的效率提高。
根据本发明的原理,PTC热敏电阻元件具有主体,该主体具有正温度系数。这意味着整个主体具有随温度升高而增加的电阻。根据本发明,在本文中提供的是,主体具有确保正温度系数的部分或组件,其中下面的这些组件也称为PTC热敏电阻组件。此外,主体至少在其芯中分别具有此部分或组件,其与PTC热敏电阻组件相比具有增加的导热率,其中所述组件是陶瓷的,并且在下文中称为陶瓷组件。提供陶瓷组件,其导热率至少为3W/mK。本文的PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件以分布的方式设置在主体中,特别是设置在主体的芯中。
有利地,陶瓷组件是电隔离的。因此,具体地,相应的陶瓷组件具有至少108Ω.cm的比电阻。陶瓷组件的电隔离特性特别导致所述陶瓷组件基本上专门用于PTC热敏电阻元件内的热传递,并且因此对PTC热敏电阻元件的正温度系数没有任何的影响或至少减小的影响。
其中PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件特别优选以均匀的方式分布在整个主体中的实施例是优选的。由于此可以改善PTC热敏电阻元件内的热传递,所述改善的热传递实现了PTC热敏电阻元件的效率的有利增加。而且,因此可以以简化的方式制造PTC热敏电阻元件。
其中主体具有由PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件组成的微结构的实施例,特别是其中主体是此种微结构的实施例已经被证明是有利的。这具体意指陶瓷组件嵌入PTC热敏电阻组件中,反之亦然。
原则上,相应的PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件可以具有任意形状和尺寸。其中组件各自配置为部件的实施例是优选的,其中这些部件相互邻近并且可以在界面区域中混合。因此,主体具有PTC热敏电阻部件和陶瓷部件,PTC热敏电阻部件具有正温度系数,以及陶瓷部件具有增加的导热率,所述PTC热敏电阻部件和陶瓷部件以分布方式设置。PTC热敏电阻部件和陶瓷部件相互邻近并且可以在界面区域中混合。
其中相应的PTC热敏电阻组件或相应的PTC热敏电阻部件和/或相应的陶瓷组件和/或相应的陶瓷部件分别以颗粒或小岛的方式配置的实施例是优选的。这意味着主体可以具有来自PTC热敏电阻组件的小岛或颗粒,以及来自陶瓷组件的小岛或颗粒,所述小岛或颗粒以分布的方式设置在主体中,特别是在主体的芯中。
其中相应的PTC热敏电阻组件的电阻具有随温度升高而急剧增加的分布的实施例是有利的。其中相应的PTC热敏电阻组件具备具有温度依赖特性的电阻的实施例是优选的。其中相应的PTC热敏电阻组件具有以温度相关的方式指数地运行的电阻的实施例是特别优选的。当然,也可以提供其中PTC热敏电阻组件具有不同的温度依赖曲线的电阻的实施例。
其中陶瓷组件各自具有至少3W/mK的导热率的实施例证明是有利的。其中陶瓷组件各自具有至少6W/mK的导热率,特别优选地具有至少20W/mK的导热率的实施例是优选的。例如,陶瓷组件各自可以具有在6W/mK和300W/mK之间的导热率,特别地,在20W/mK和300W/mK之间的导热率。由于此,PTC热敏电阻元件内的热传递得到改善和增加,从而提高了PTC热敏电阻元件的效率。
在有利实施例的情况下,PTC热敏电阻组件在主体中的比例大于陶瓷组件在主体中的比例。因此,可以在PTC热敏电阻元件中实现所需PTC热敏电阻特性和改善的导热率的有利组合。
原则上,PTC热敏电阻元件的主体可以具有任意形状和/或尺寸。例如,主体可以配置成为立方体。
原则上,可以以任意方式制造主体。
其中主体由包括PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件的混合物烧结而成的实施例是有利的。由于此,可以以经济高效且高质量的方式制造主体。
而且,在PTC热敏电阻元件的情况下已知的烧结因此用于制造PTC热敏电阻元件,使得避免或至少最小化使用新的工具等。
本文中优选的是PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件存在于混合物中作为粉末和/或作为颗粒,并随后烧结。此外有利的是,PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件设置成已经分布在混合物中,特别是以均匀的方式。
原则上,可以由任意材料或任意组合物制成相应的PTC热敏电阻组件。相应的PTC热敏电阻组件尤其可以是硅基的,特别是包括掺杂的硅或由掺杂的硅组成。
其中相应的PTC热敏电阻组件基于钛酸钡,特别是包含钛酸钡或由钛酸钡组成的实施例是优选的。由于此,可以以简化的方式制造PTC热敏电阻元件。此外,PTC热敏电阻元件由于此具有高度温度依赖的电阻,特别是随着温度升高而指数增加的电阻,使得尽管存在陶瓷组件,PTC热敏电阻元件的PTC热敏电阻特性也非常明显。主体尤其可以是混合陶瓷。
相应的陶瓷组件是陶瓷,其中原则上可以使用任意陶瓷。除了有利的导热率之外,这种类型的陶瓷具有所述类型的较大的电隔离特性。而且,这种类型的陶瓷可以以简化的方式用于制造PTC热敏电阻元件。
在优选实施例的情况下,陶瓷组件各自包括氮化铝和/或氮化硼和/或氧化铝。特别地,相应的陶瓷组件可以由氮化铝和/或氮化硼和/或氧化铝组成。有利的实施例提供的是,PTC热敏电阻组件由钛酸钡组成,以及陶瓷组件由氮化铝组成。
为了从混合物烧结PTC热敏电阻元件,可以首先提供相应的PTC热敏电阻组件和陶瓷组件,然后混合以形成混合物。之后进行混合物的烧结以用于制造PTC热敏电阻元件,其中有利地是,在混合物中已经存在陶瓷组件和PTC热敏电阻组件的特别均匀的分布。
在优选的实施例中,至少一部分陶瓷组件,优选地所有陶瓷组件配置成在主体内(特别地,在芯内)具有岛(特别地,小岛)或颗粒形状。也就是说,主体(特别是芯)包括此结构,其包括岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒,其中岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒是陶瓷组件或由陶瓷组件制成。
附加地或替代地,至少一部分热敏电阻组件,优选地所有热敏电阻组件可以配置成在主体内(特别地,在芯内)具有岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒形状。也就是说,主体(特别是芯)可以具有此结构,其包括岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒,其中岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒是热敏电阻组件或由热敏电阻组件制成。
因此,主体(特别是芯)可以具有通体岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒结构,其中每个岛(特别地,小岛)和/或颗粒是陶瓷组件或热敏电阻组件或由陶瓷组件或热敏电阻组件制成。
原则上,PTC热敏电阻模块可以用于任何应用。在回火设备中可以考虑使用PTC热敏电阻元件,其中PTC热敏电阻元件在操作时加热物体或流体。
本文的多个PTC热敏电阻元件可以组合在一个PTC热敏电阻模块中,其中PTC热敏电阻元件设置成使得相互间隔开。除了PTC热敏电阻元件之外,该模块具有两条电线以用于向PTC热敏电阻元件供电,其中这些线与PTC热敏电阻元件电接触。这些线各自可以作为一个电极存在和/或直接支承在相应的PTC热敏电阻元件上。这些线有利地设置成使得相互间隔开,使得在操作时,电流流过相应的PTC热敏电阻元件,因此导致在相应的PTC热敏电阻元件内产生热量,所述热量被用于加热物体和流体。
此外,PTC热敏电阻模块可以具有至少一个导热板,其沿着PTC热敏电阻元件延伸。本文的导热板以热交换的方式接触PTC热敏电阻元件,优选地直接接触。此外有利的是,导热板是电隔离的,特别是具有至少108Ω.cm的比电阻。也可以设想其中PTC热敏电阻模块具有两个此类导热板的实施例,导热板设置成使得彼此间隔开,特别地,彼此相对,并且沿着PTC热敏电阻元件延伸,其中相应的导热板以热交换方式接触PTC热敏电阻元件,优选地直接接触。
应该理解的是,除了PTC热敏电阻元件、制造PTC热敏电阻元件的方法以及PTC热敏电阻模块之外,具有至少一个此种PTC热敏电阻模块的回火设备也在本发明的范围内。
此种回火设备特别用在机动车辆中并且用于回火(特别是加热)物体或流体。
在本文中可以设想,待回火的流体流过回火设备的流动室,其中相应的PTC热敏电阻模块以热交换的方式接触流过流动室的流体。为此,PTC热敏电阻模块可以设置在流动室内。还可以设想,PTC热敏电阻模块设置在流动室外部,特别是以热交换方式接触限定流动室的管状体,例如以便支承在管状体上。
回火设备可以是辅助加热器,其在操作时供空气流过并借助于至少一个PTC热敏电阻模块加热空气。
还可以设想回火设备,其具有其中回火流体循环的回路,其中PTC热敏电阻模块加热回火流体。随后,回火流体可以用于加热物体和/或其它流体。
从从属权利要求、附图以及借助于附图的附图相关描述中获得本发明的其它重要特征和优点。
应当理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,上面提到的以及下面还待说明的特征不仅可以应用于指定的相应组合,而且可以应用于其它组合或单独应用。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的优选示例性实施例,并且将在下面的描述中对其进行更详细地解释,其中相同的附图标记表示相同或相似或功能上等同的组件。
在每种情况下,在附图中以示意性方式示出:
图1示出了具有PTC热敏电阻模块的回火设备的等距内部视图;
图2示出了PTC热敏电阻模块的分解图;
图3示出了图2的PTC热敏电阻模块的等距视图;以及
图4示出了在PTC热敏电阻元件的区域中穿过PTC热敏电阻模块的等距截面。
具体实施方式
例如,诸如图1所示的回火设备1具有至少一个PTC热敏电阻模块2,通过该热敏电阻模块,回火设备加热流体或物体(未示出)。在图1所示的示例的情况下,回火设备1具有多个PTC热敏电阻模块2,这些PTC热敏电阻模块设置成使得相互间隔开。本文的PTC热敏电阻模块2设置在流动室3中,其中流体(例如空气)的流动路径4穿过该流动室,其中PTC热敏电阻模块2设置在流动路径4中,使得流体围绕所述PTC热敏电阻模块2流动,当操作时,由所述PTC热敏电阻模块2加热流体。在PTC热敏电阻模块2之间设置由流体流过的肋结构5,并且肋结构增加了PTC热敏电阻模块2与流体之间的热交换。
图2至图4示出了此种PTC热敏电阻模块2的示例,其中图2示出了PTC热敏电阻模块2的分解图,图3示出了PTC热敏电阻模块2的等距视图,以及图4示出了在PTC热敏电阻元件6的区域中穿过PTC热敏电阻模块2的等距截面。
用于产生热量的PTC热敏电阻模块2具有多个PTC热敏电阻元件6,也称为PTC元件6,其在PTC热敏电阻模块2的延伸方向7上设置成使得相互间隔开。PTC热敏电阻元件6在操作时被供电。为此,PTC热敏电阻模块2具有两条电线8,它们配置为电极9。线8沿着延伸方向7延伸并且彼此相对地设置,使得PTC热敏电阻元件6设置在线8之间。在本文中,相应的线8与PTC热敏电阻元件6电接触,特别是支承在PTC热敏电阻元件6上。此外,用于将PTC热敏电阻模块2连接到电源(未示出)的相应线8具有连接器10。当电压施加到线8时,电流流过具有正温度系数的PTC热敏电阻元件6,也就是说使得电阻优选地指数地随温度升高而增加。由于此,在PTC热敏电阻元件6中产生热量,该热量用于在回火设备1内加热例如流体。为了传递PTC热敏电阻元件6的热量,PTC热敏电阻模块2具有两个导热板11,它们在延伸方向7上延伸并且相互间隔开使得PTC热敏电阻元件6设置在导热板11之间。所示示例中的线8也设置在导热板11之间。在本文中,相应的导热板11以热交换的方式接触相邻的线8,特别是支承在线8上。相应的导热板11是电隔离的并且具有高导热率,优选地是陶瓷板,其具有至少3W/mK的导热率和至少108Ω.cm的比电阻。线8由具有高导热率的金属或含金属的组合物制成。PTC热敏电阻模块2还具有护套元件12,该护套元件形成PTC热敏电阻模块2的外部轮廓13,线8的连接器10在端侧处从所述护套元件12突出。护套元件12优选地由具有高导热率的金属或含金属的组合物制成。在本文中,图1所示的回火设备1中的肋结构5支承在相应的PTC热敏电阻模块2的护套元件12上。
特别地,从图4中可以得出,PTC热敏电阻元件6具有与线8电接触的主体14,线8特别地支承在所述主体14上。此外,可以从图4中得出主体14的放大详细视图。在此可以看出,主体14包括PTC热敏电阻组件15和陶瓷组件16,其优选均匀地分布在主体14中。主体14优选地由PTC热敏电阻组件15和陶瓷组件16组成。PTC热敏电阻组件15具有正温度系数并确保主体14和PTC热敏电阻元件6的正温度系数。这意味着随着温度升高,PTC热敏电阻组件15的电阻增加,特别是以指数分布方式。陶瓷组件16具有与PTC热敏电阻组件15相比增加的导热率,所述陶瓷组件16是电隔离的。优选地,陶瓷组件16具有108Ω.cm的比电阻和至少3W/mK的导热率,优选地至少6W/mK的导热率,优选地至少20W/mK的导热率,特别地在20W/mK和300W/mK之间的导热率。由于此,除了操作PTC热敏电阻元件6所需的正温度系数之外,主体14以及PTC热敏电阻元件6在PTC热敏电阻元件6内具有改善的导热率,所述改善的导热率由陶瓷组件16引起并且导致热量能够以改进的方式从内部,特别是从主体14或PTC热敏电阻元件6的芯17分别传递到PTC热敏电阻元件6的表面并且因此到线8和加热板11。由于此,特别是防止或至少减少了在主体14内(特别是在芯17中)形成所谓的阻挡层,使得可以进一步提高PTC热敏电阻元件6的效率。
此外,从图4的放大图示可以得出,主体14是微结构20,其中PTC热敏电阻组件15和陶瓷组件16分别以小岛或颗粒的方式配置或形成,并且以分布方式设置。在本文中,陶瓷组件16有利地嵌入PTC热敏电阻组件15中。
PTC热敏电阻组件15优选地具有钛酸钡,特别是由钛酸钡组成。陶瓷组件16优选由陶瓷组成,例如由氮化铝、氮化硼或氧化铝、或其混合物组成。因此,主体14可以由PTC热敏电阻组件15组成和由陶瓷组件16组成,PTC热敏电阻组件15由钛酸钡组成,以及陶瓷组件16由氮化铝组成。因此,主体14是混合陶瓷18。本文的陶瓷组件16和PTC热敏电阻组件15优选地以分布方式均匀地设置在主体14中。
优选地通过烧结方法制造PTC热敏电阻元件6以及主体14。为此,首先提供例如粉末或颗粒形式的PTC热敏电阻组件15和陶瓷组件16,并且彼此混合,其中随后烧结该混合物以制造PTC热敏电阻元件6。
PTC热敏电阻元件6或PTC热敏电阻模块2可以分别用于任意应用的回火设备1中,例如用于车辆19(未详细示出)中。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于回火设备(1)的PTC热敏电阻元件(6),所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)具有主体(14),所述主体(14)具有正温度系数,其中
所述主体(14)具有PTC热敏电阻组件(15),所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)具有正温度系数,并且至少在所述主体(14)的芯(17)中具有陶瓷组件(16),所述陶瓷组件(16)的导热率为至少2.5W/mK,所述陶瓷组件(16)以分布方式设置,并且
所述陶瓷组件(16)具有与所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)相比增加的导热率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
相应的所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)的电阻具有温度相关的指数分布。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述陶瓷组件(16)的导热率为至少3W/mK。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述陶瓷组件(16)的导热率在6W/mK和300W/mK之间。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
在所述主体(14)中所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)的比例大于所述陶瓷组件(16)的比例。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述主体(14)是包括所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)和所述陶瓷组件(16)的微结构(20)。
7.根据权利要求1或2项所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述主体(14)由包括所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)和所述陶瓷组件(16)的混合物烧结而成。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)包括钛酸钡。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)由钛酸钡组成。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述陶瓷组件(16)包括氮化铝和/或氮化硼和/或氧化铝。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述陶瓷组件(16)由氮化铝和/或氮化硼和/或氧化铝组成。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述陶瓷组件(16)的至少一部分具有岛或颗粒形状。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的PTC热敏电阻元件,
其特征在于,
所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)的至少一部分具有岛或颗粒形状。
14.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的PTC热敏电阻元件(6)的方法,其中,
-提供所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)和所述陶瓷组件(16);
-将所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)和所述陶瓷组件(16)混合以产生混合物;以及
-烧结所述混合物以制造所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述PTC热敏电阻组件(15)和/或所述陶瓷组件(16)被提供为颗粒。
16.一种用于回火设备(1)的PTC热敏电阻模块(2),所述PTC热敏电阻模块(2)具有至少两个根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的PTC热敏电阻元件(6),其中所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)设置成使得相互间隔开,并且为了向所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)供电,所述PTC热敏电阻模块(2)具有两条电线(8),所述两条电线(8)相互间隔开并电接触所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的PTC热敏电阻模块,其中根据权利要求14和15中任一项所述的方法制造所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的PTC热敏电阻模块,
其特征在于,
所述PTC热敏电阻模块(2)具有至少一个导热板(11),所述至少一个导热板(11)沿着所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)延伸并以热交换方式接触所述PTC热敏电阻元件(6)。
19.一种用于对流体进行回火的回火设备(1),所述回火设备(1)具有在操作时流体所流经的流动室(3)并且具有至少一个根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的PTC热敏电阻模块(2),所述PTC热敏电阻模块(2)以热交换方式接触流经流动室(3)的所述流体。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP18166317.0 | 2018-04-09 | ||
EP18166317.0A EP3553795B1 (en) | 2018-04-09 | 2018-04-09 | Ptc thermistor element |
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CN110364319A CN110364319A (zh) | 2019-10-22 |
CN110364319B true CN110364319B (zh) | 2022-08-30 |
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FR3137811A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-01-12 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de chauffage electrique pour vehicule automobile |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0104673A2 (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-04-04 | Onofrio Rocchitelli | Heating device for the glass washing fluid of motor vehicles and the like |
CN101178959A (zh) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-14 | 聚鼎科技股份有限公司 | 耐高电压过电流保护元件 |
Family Cites Families (8)
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US3252061A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1966-05-17 | Du Pont | Circuit components |
DE3107290A1 (de) * | 1980-03-03 | 1982-01-07 | Canon K.K., Tokyo | Heizvorrichtung |
US5004893A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1991-04-02 | Westover Brooke N | High-speed, high temperature resistance heater and method of making same |
JP5152618B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-27 | 2013-02-27 | フマキラー株式会社 | 燃料電池を電源とする送風式薬剤拡散装置 |
TWI292972B (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2008-01-21 | Polytronics Technology Corp | Over-current protection device |
CN101887766A (zh) * | 2010-07-08 | 2010-11-17 | 上海长园维安电子线路保护股份有限公司 | 具有电阻正温度系数的导电复合材料及过电流保护元件 |
DE102011008377A1 (de) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-12 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Thermoelektrisches Material und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
CN102543331A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-04 | 上海长园维安电子线路保护有限公司 | 高分子基导电复合材料及ptc元件 |
-
2018
- 2018-04-09 EP EP18166317.0A patent/EP3553795B1/en active Active
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2019
- 2019-04-08 US US16/377,986 patent/US10818419B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0104673A2 (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-04-04 | Onofrio Rocchitelli | Heating device for the glass washing fluid of motor vehicles and the like |
CN101178959A (zh) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-14 | 聚鼎科技股份有限公司 | 耐高电压过电流保护元件 |
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US20190311825A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
US10818419B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
EP3553795B1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
EP3553795A1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
CN110364319A (zh) | 2019-10-22 |
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