CN110363375A - The environmental pollution appraisal procedure of lead in a kind of municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas - Google Patents
The environmental pollution appraisal procedure of lead in a kind of municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010000087 Abdominal pain upper Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The environmental pollution appraisal procedure of lead in a kind of municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas, according to diffusion profile feature of the lead in discharge flue gas and deposition rule in the soil, comprehensive multi-index decision model is constructed, the pollution level of municipal solid waste incinerator surrounding enviroment lead is assessed.Appraisal procedure provided by the invention can provide scientific basis for the operational management of municipal solid waste incinerator and the formulation of pollution prevention countermeasure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment protection, more particularly to a kind of environmental pollution of lead in municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas
Appraisal procedure.
Background technique
Municipal solid waste incinerator is discharged containing pollutants such as lead in flue gas, by settlement action in soil after Atmospheric Diffusion
Earth accumulation.
With quickly propelling for China's industrialzation and urbanization, domestic waste yield is growing day by day, waste incineration skill
Art becomes the important means for solving the problems, such as " garbage-surrounded city ".However, consumer waste incineration field burn rubbish from cooking, PVC plastic,
It can produce a certain amount of lead and its compound when the substances such as rubber, and the Lead speciation for burning source emission is complicated, including PbO,
PbSO4、PbCl2Deng.
Lead is that one kind toxic heavy metal difficult to degrade will be difficult to be removed in the several years once being discharged into environment；Lead and its chemical combination
Object also has larger toxicity to human body, can accumulate in human body, causes the diseases such as have a stomach-ache, have a headache, can lead to death when serious.Have
Research report, the content that city garbage burning power plant generates lead in flue gas rank the first of all heavy metals.Consumer waste incineration
Influence of the lead discharge to surrounding enviroment is that merit attention the problem of may be to periphery when lead reaches a certain concentration in soil
Environment brings pollution risk.
Heavy metal lead environmental pollution assessment all has the front end analogue of lead contamination, process control, end treatment work
Great importance.Heavy metal environmental pollution appraisal procedure in traditional atmosphere, often calculating process is complicated, and majority fails to plan as a whole
Consider " gas and water, soil, society " four medium physical chemistry of the earth humanity reciprocation, is often mostly adopted from human health risk
With fixed background value, real-time change hosting pattern of the lead in atmosphere and soil is had ignored.Existing lead is in atmosphere and soil
In hosting pattern model (such as AERMOD, soil deposit model), be only capable of the content to lead in air and soil and carry out science
Prediction.Multifactor, multimedium comprehensive multi-index decision model is covered in building one, can not only carry out important between multilayer index
Property evaluation, will host and guest's factor organically combine after the key number that be calculated weight, and be exported with above-mentioned atmosphere and soil model
Based on, to carry out science integration evaluation to lead ring border Contamination Assessment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of environmental pollution appraisal procedures of lead in municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas.
To achieve the above object, in municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas provided by the invention lead environmental pollution appraisal procedure,
It is that comprehensive multi-index decision model is constructed according to diffusion profile feature of the lead in discharge flue gas and deposition rule in the soil
Type assesses the pollution level of municipal solid waste incinerator surrounding enviroment lead.
The appraisal procedure, wherein comprehensive multi-index decision model comprehensive assessment soil, underground water, atmospheric environment and
Four Xiang Yinsu of social environment.
The appraisal procedure, wherein in comprehensive multi-index decision model.Atmospheric environment, soil environment, underground water ring
Border, social environment relative ratio shared in lead contamination scale evaluation are according to importance ranking are as follows: and atmospheric environment > social environment >
Soil environment > groundwater environment.
The appraisal procedure, wherein atmospheric environment includes: the total lead concentration of outdoor air, exhaust tube height, exhanst gas outlet
Speed, exhaust tube internal diameter and year discharge hourage；
Soil environment includes: flue gas to total contribution degree of Soil Surrounding lead concentration, the maximum annual dry deposition f lux of lead
With plant to lead absorptivity；
Groundwater environment includes: flow rate, longitudinal gas flow, pollution sources concentration and deep phreatic water water-bearing layer and shallow
The association of layer water-bearing layer；
Social environment include: sensitive point protection target in 300m, away from town dweller's offset from, away from a distance from school and away from unit
Distance.
The appraisal procedure, wherein diffusion profile of the lead in discharge flue gas is characterized in carrying out using AERMOD model
Simulation；The deposition rule of lead in the soil is simulated using soil pollution Accumulation Model.
Appraisal procedure provided by the invention can be the operational management and pollution prevention countermeasure of municipal solid waste incinerator
It formulates and scientific basis is provided.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the diffusion profile schematic diagram of lead in municipal solid waste incinerator ambient atmosphere in one embodiment, wherein (a) table
Show hour average concentration distribution map, (b) indicates mean annual concentration distribution map.
Fig. 2 is that the wind frequency on municipal solid waste incinerator periphery in one embodiment is schemed with wind scale rose, wherein (a) indicates wind frequency
Rose figure (b) indicates wind scale rose figure.
Fig. 3 is municipal solid waste incinerator periphery landform and elevation schematic diagram in one embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the change of the cumulant of lead in Soil Surrounding when the municipal solid waste incinerator operation time increases in one embodiment
Change schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
For the present invention by taking the garbage burning factory of Nanjing as an example, which reaches 500t/d, and chimney is high
Spending is 80m, exit inside diameter 2.2m, and discharge of pollutant sources mode is set as continuous point source, and flue gas exhaust amount is 9m/s, average flue gas temperature
Degree is 418K, and pollutant emission rate is 0.01028g/s.
1, AERMOD model
The present invention takes the diffusion profile feature of lead in AERMOD simulation municipal solid waste incinerator discharge flue gas, all parameters
It is set all in accordance with the requirement in " environmental impact assessment fire protection technology atmospheric environment (HJ/2.2-2018) " to two-level appraisement project
It is fixed.According to principle of layouting, blowdown stack is selected to be set as 100m as coordinate origin, mesh point spacing, it is equal using 5km × 5km
Even Cartesian Coordinategrid.Ground meteorological data used in simulation process is Nanjing ground weather station to ground in 2013
The field data that meteorological observation obtains；Predict that the aerological data used are Nanjing aerological station to height in 2013
The data that empty meteorological observation obtains, the website range prediction point range meet model and standard requirements in 50 meters；Use landform
The global terrain data DEM file (latitude and longitude coordinates form) that data use international scientific data service platform website to provide；By
It being ringed on three sides by mountains in survey region, surrounding height above sea level is higher, and possess intensive building and the higher city proper landform in house is close,
For such lineament, have been reported that (Chen Hua, Zhang Guangyi, Lai Hefei, Liu Feng, Zhai Li wait Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment
The research of AERMOD Model Parameter Optimization [J] China environmental protection industry, 2018 (08): 43-47.) to the earth's surface of original AERMOD offer
Parameter value is optimized, and the present invention is set the value after optimization as Land Surface Parameters, and specific value is shown in Table 1.Meanwhile AERMOD
It also be used to simulate the annual dry deposition f lux of lead, studies have found that (in Ou Yangxiaoguang, Guo Fen city garbage burning flue gas
The source item of heavy metal parses and dry deposition influences research [J] environmental science and management, 2012,37 (12): 64-67.), usually exist
Incineration plant is discharged in flue gas, and the lead particle of 2.5 μm or less partial sizes accounts for 75%, and the average grain diameter of lead particle is 0.5 μm, and the present invention will
Partial size input model of this value as lead.
2, soil pollution Accumulation Model
1) model introduction
The soil pollution Accumulation Model that the present invention selects be used to predict the soil through certain time after pollutant enters soil
Earth cumulant, model specific formula is as follows:
W=K (B+R) (1)
After N, the cumulant of pollutant in the soil are as follows:
Wn=BKn+RK×(1-Kn)/(1-K) (2)
In formula, W is the year cumulant of pollutant in the soil, mg/kg；B is regional soil background values, mg/kg, the present invention
Research object is that incineration plant leads to Pb in Soil cumulant, therefore B=0 is arranged；K is the pedo relict rate of pollutant, %；R is dirt
Contaminate the year input quantity of object, mg/kg.Wherein, R includes that nature pollutant input quantity and consumer waste incineration discharge pollutants input
Measure two parts[11].It is assumed that R only considers to settle input quantity caused by the discharge of this municipal solid waste incinerator, formula (2) can simplify are as follows:
Wn=R ' K × (1-Kn)/(1-K) (3)
In formula, R ' is the year input quantity that this municipal solid waste incinerator discharges lead, mg/kg.
2) parameter setting
2-1) the pedo relict rate K of pollutant
Pedo relict rate value in evaluation region of the present invention is influenced to change greatly by soil environment characteristic and environmental characteristic,
Exact value can not be obtained.According to studies have shown that heavy metal is general in soil does not migrate vulnerable to the influence of natural leaching, residual
Rate is typically about 90%.Therefore, the present invention sets K=0.9.
2-2) the year soil input quantity R ' of lead
The lead of consumer waste incineration discharge mainly inputs soil by way of particle settles, because the present invention studies under scene
Wet deposition specific meteorologic parameter needed for calculating is not easy to obtain, and has been reported that and show that (Zheng Xiongwei, Wang Junfeng, Wei Lingxiao wait the Honghu
City somewhere atmosphere dried wet deposition heavy metal and pH value [J] urban environment and urban ecology, 2016 (1): 18-20.), lead is big
Annual dry deposition f lux in gas is 400 times or more of its wet_end addition, and the wet_end addition of lead is almost negligible to be disregarded,
Therefore, the dry deposition cumulant that the present invention sets lead is total settlement cumulant, then R '=Q.Wherein, Q can pass through following formula meter
It obtains:
Q=Fd/M (4)
In formula, Q indicates the dry deposition cumulant of lead in unit mass soil, mg/kg；FdIndicate the dry deposition f lux of lead,
mg/m2；M indicates the soil quality of unit area, kg/m2.Soil is because having fixed function to each pollutant, so in soil
In it is not easy to migrate, often retain in upper soll layer.The present invention sets pollutant average residence in the soil of thick 0.1m, then unit area
Soil quality takes 113kg/m2。
3, comprehensive multi-index decision model
By establishing comprehensive multi-index decision model, the pollution level (destination layer) of incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead is commented
Estimate, due to the incineration plant generate waste water in factory Sewage Disposal advanced treating, reach reuse after recycle-water qualitative correlation standard,
Not outlet, thus it is smaller to earth's surface water environmental impact, therefore the comprehensive multi-index decision model that the present invention constructs only comprehensively considers
The indicator layer of four Xiang Yinsu such as soil, underground water, atmospheric environment and social environment (middle layer), four factors are selected such as 2 institute of table
Show.
After selected indicator layer, using the relative importance between the more each index of the method for scoring, Indexes Comparison two-by-two
After can obtain judgment matrix, specific relative importance hierarchical approaches are as shown in table 3.
Atmospheric environment, soil environment, groundwater environment, social environment are shared in lead contamination scale evaluation to compare
Value, according to importance ranking are as follows: atmospheric environment > social environment > soil environment > groundwater environment constructs destination layer according to sequence
A-B judgment matrix between A and middle layer B, as shown in table 4.
The calculating essence of relative weighting is the specific vector for calculating above-mentioned judgment matrix, and each element in the vector represents should
The each influence factor of layer obtains the relative weighting between each element through normalized to the weighted value of upper layer correlation criterion.Pass through
Relative importance calculates, and acquires atmospheric environment, soil environment, social environment condition, groundwater environment condition, for incineration plant week
The weight of surrounding environment lead contamination degree is respectively 0.5579,0.1219,0.2633,0.0569.
The indicator layer calculated with same algorithm obtains final indicator layer to destination layer the relative weighting between middle layer
Weight be respectively as follows: the sub- restraining factors C of atmospheric environment11、C12、C13、C14、C15It is 0.0357,0.0190,0.0700,
0.1317,0.3014；The sub- restraining factors C of soil environment21、C22、C23It is 0.0088,0.0276,0.0855；Social environment
Sub- restraining factors C31、C32、C33、C34It is 0.1452,0.0717,0.0289,0.0175；The sub- restraining factors of groundwater environment
C41、C42、C43、C44It is 0.0067,0.0145,0.0328,0.0029.
After obtaining each index weights, using the linear weighting method of multi -index decision, the objective function of a broad sense is established,
Obtain AHP Synthesis Evaluation mathematical model are as follows:
In formula: Z indicates incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead contamination scale evaluation total score；ZiIndicate the total score of the i-th factor of middle layer；
KiIndicate the weight of the i-th element of middle layer；KijIndicate the weight of indicator layer j factor；KijsIndicate the weight of indicator layer j factor.
The weight specific choice of each index is as shown in table 5.
It according to specific targets score, brings above-mentioned formula into and is calculated, obtain final scoring, grading system standard is divided into
It is 4 grades, specific marking mode is as shown in table 6.
The present invention simulates the hourly average mass concentration distributions of lead in municipal solid waste incinerator ambient atmosphere using AERMOD
With annual mass concentration distributions, as a result (a) and (b) of such as Fig. 1 is shown respectively.The result shows that the hour mass concentration pole of lead
Value appears at (300, -900,139.7), is 0.33 μ g/m3, lower than the 0.5 μ g/ of prescribed limits in ambient air quality
m3.The annual mass concentration that incineration plant is emitted into lead in ambient air is only 0.41ng/m3, found according to actual monitoring, this burns
The concentration for burning factory surrounding area Lead in Air is 0.015~0.052 μ g/m3, the two is compared it is found that incineration plant is to periphery
The contribution degree of Lead in Air only accounts for about 1%, shows that municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas emission causes lead contamination lower ambient atmosphere.
The municipal solid waste incinerator discharges lead and shows in the regularity of distribution of ambient atmosphere, the hour concentration distribution map of lead and year
It is that partial region lead concentration is higher in equal concentration profile, other region lead concentrations are extremely low.First with Nanjing by result figure
Area's wind frequency and wind scale rose figure are compareed, and find the rule showed in the Diffusion Law and wind frequency and wind scale rose figure of lead simultaneously
It is inconsistent, as shown in (a) and (b) of Fig. 2.Therefore the further influence of analyzed area features of terrain, by incineration plant periphery
It is found after features of terrain analysis (as shown in Figure 3), incineration plant is ringed on three sides by mountains, and peripheral region height above sea level difference is larger, the ground
Shape directly affects the wind condition in some areas, while also affecting the diffusion of lead, to cause the main reason for spreading result.
The present invention using AERMOD dry deposition f lux calculate mode to incineration plant discharge lead maximum dry deposition f lux into
Row simulation, the maximum annual dry deposition f lux for obtaining lead is 0.07mg/m2.Due to consumer waste incineration according to the present invention
The maximum service life (MSL) of factory is 30 years, based on this result, runs 1 year, 5 years, 10 to incineration plant using soil pollution Accumulation Model
Year, the lead cumulant generated after 30 years to soil calculate, as a result as shown in Figure 4.It can be found that running year with incineration plant
Part increase, the cumulant of lead constantly rises in the soil of neighboring area.Meanwhile discovery, when incineration plant is run 30 years, lead is arranged
Putting to the maximum lead cumulant of surrounding soil is only 5.3 μ g/kg.The concentration of lead in the soil of surrounding area is obtained according to actual monitoring
About 40.4mg/kg, the total amount value that discovery incineration plant discharge compares surrounding area Pb in Soil to the cumulant of surrounding soil lead are several
It is negligible, and lead content is lower than " soil environment quality-construction land soil pollution risk pipe in the soil of surrounding area
Control standard (tentative) (GB36600-2018) " specified in the second class land used screening value standard 800mg/kg.To verify operation
As a result correctness compares this result and other scholar's previous studies results, (Xu Wei, Li Yan, Lee such as discovery Xu Wei
Heavy metal sedimentation is scientific and technological to soil environmental impact assessment means discussion [J] environmental protection in quick MSW Incineration Plant flue dust,
2013,19 (2): 1-3.) AERMOD, soil Accumulation Model are utilized, incineration plant operation 5 is had studied in conjunction with dry deposition computation model
The lead of Soil Surrounding is accumulated when year, 10 years, 30 years, result is not much different with result of the present invention.(the Ou Yangxiao such as Ou Yangxiaoguang
Light, the source item parsing of Guo Fen city garbage burning heavy metal in flue gas and dry deposition influence research [J] environmental science and management,
2012,37 (12): 64-67.) by taking the domestic rubbish disposal center of Beijing as an example, in conjunction with AERMOD and particulate matter Settlement Model into
Row simulation calculates, and flue gas is 2.3 μ g/kg to total contribution margin of Soil Surrounding lead concentration since discovery incineration plant operation, considers row
High-volume and parameter is different, and the analogue value that the present invention obtains belongs to normal variation range in contrast, shows simulation knot of the invention
Fruit has certain reliability.In addition, by Fig. 4 also it can be seen that, incineration plant cause Soil Surrounding lead cumulant and incineration plant transport
The row time is not directly proportional, and with the increase in incineration plant operation time, the growth rate of surrounding area Pb in Soil cumulant gradually slows down.
Using comprehensive multi-index decision model, based on the actual numerical value of place index of correlation involved in the present invention, to rubbish
The pollution level of incineration plant ambient enviroment lead is assessed.The maximum annual dry deposition f lux of lead is calculated using AERMOD in the model
As a result, flue gas is that incineration plant operation is calculated based on soil Accumulation Model so far to total contribution degree of Soil Surrounding lead concentration
Cumulative concentration total amount；Absorptivity of the rape that plant generally plants lead absorptivity using this area to lead；The practical stream of underground water
The determination of speed and dispersion coefficient obtains as follows:
U=K × I/n (6)
DL=aL×Um (7)
DT=aT×Um (8)
Wherein: U indicates actual velocity of groundwater, m/d；K indicates infiltration coefficient, m/d；I indicates hydraulic gradient；N indicates hole
Porosity；M indicates index；DLIndicate longitudinal gas flow, m2/d；DTIndicate lateral dispersion coefficient, m2/d；aLIndicate longitudinal dispersion
Degree；aTIndicate level dispersivity.
According to factory's hydrogeologic condition, K=0.13, I=5, D are takenL=20, DT=2, m=1.07；Other data are adopted
With factory's real data.The calculated result of incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead contamination degree is as shown in table 7.
87.02 must be divided by the way that the burning field surrounding enviroment lead contamination degree is calculated, belong to 75~90 sections, tied
Fruit shows that lead contamination degree is lower.It follows that the factory burns away the refuse, the lead of discharge is to atmosphere, soil, underground water and social ring
The pollution level in border is smaller.It can be seen that from indicator layer weighted value size, all index middle ages discharge hourage C15Weighted value
Maximum, numerical value 0.3014, and present invention middle age discharge hourage C15True value be 8000h, after calculating only this
Divide and just account for the 27.70% of total score, in garbage burning factory operational process, year discharge this parameter of hourage influences this explanation strongly
Lead contamination degree.
AERMOD analog result shows that the mass concentration extreme value of lead appears in (300, -900,139.7) according to the present invention
Place is 0.33 μ g/m3, lower than the 0.5 μ g/m of prescribed limits in ambient air quality3.Incineration plant is to lead in ambient air
Contribution degree only accounts for about 1%, and municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas emission causes lead contamination lower ambient atmosphere.Local features of terrain is
The major influence factors that incineration plant discharge lead is spread in ambient atmosphere.
The calculated result of the lead cumulant generated after being run 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 30 years according to incineration plant to soil shows
With the increase in incineration plant operation time, the cumulant of lead constantly rises in the soil of neighboring area.When incineration plant is run 30 years,
The discharge of its lead is only 5.3 μ g/kg to the maximum possible lead cumulant of surrounding soil, which compares the total amount of surrounding area Pb in Soil
It is worth and almost negligible disregards.Soil Surrounding lead total amount is lower than the screening value 800mg/kg in standard.
The selection of 1 Land Surface Parameters of table
2 incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead contamination scale evaluation index system of table
The classification of 3 relative importance of table
4 judgment matrix of table
The weight of 5 each index of incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead contamination scale evaluation model of table
6 incineration plant surrounding enviroment lead contamination scale evaluation classification standard of table
7 Nanjing waste incineration field surrounding enviroment lead contamination degree computational chart of table
Claims (5)
1. the environmental pollution appraisal procedure of lead in a kind of municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas, according to diffusion point of the lead in discharge flue gas
Boot is sought peace deposition rule in the soil, comprehensive multi-index decision model is constructed, to municipal solid waste incinerator surrounding enviroment lead
Pollution level assessed.
2. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, wherein comprehensive multi-index decision model comprehensive assessment soil, underground water,
Four Xiang Yinsu of atmospheric environment and social environment.
3. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, wherein in comprehensive multi-index decision model.Atmospheric environment, soil ring
Border, groundwater environment, social environment relative ratio shared in lead contamination scale evaluation are according to importance ranking are as follows: atmospheric environment
> social environment > soil environment > groundwater environment.
4. appraisal procedure according to claim 3, wherein atmospheric environment includes: the total lead concentration of outdoor air, exhaust tube height
Degree, stack gas exit velocity, exhaust tube internal diameter and year discharge hourage；
Soil environment includes: flue gas to total contribution degree of Soil Surrounding lead concentration, the maximum annual dry deposition f lux of lead and plant
Object is to lead absorptivity；
Groundwater environment includes: that flow rate, longitudinal gas flow, pollution sources concentration and deep phreatic water water-bearing layer and shallow-layer contain
Water layer association；
Social environment include: sensitive point protection target in 300m, away from town dweller's offset from, away from a distance from school and away from unit away from
From.
5. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, wherein diffusion profile of the lead in discharge flue gas is characterized in using
AERMOD model is simulated；The deposition rule of lead in the soil is simulated using soil pollution Accumulation Model.
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