CN110357265A - A kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110357265A CN110357265A CN201910634303.1A CN201910634303A CN110357265A CN 110357265 A CN110357265 A CN 110357265A CN 201910634303 A CN201910634303 A CN 201910634303A CN 110357265 A CN110357265 A CN 110357265A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the technical fields of water plant building, disclose a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation comprising following steps: S1. selects phytal zone of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as growing area;S2. aquatic vegetation is constructed in growing area: being designed using vertical and horizontal structure, face two plant of bank land and water (area A), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D) from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone;S3. kind should carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after planting in time, be purged in time to noxious plants such as the weeds of growing area.There is stronger water body purification to act on from the synthesis aquatic vegetation of longitudinal direction and cross direction profiles by various plants; improve water transparency; reduce COD, TP and TN concentration; the various scientific and reasonable collocation of water plant; the adaptability for enhancing phytobiocoenose and local natural environment, maintains ecologic stability, to aqueous pollution remediation; ecological environmental protection promotes water body offshore landscape effect and is of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to phytobiocoenose constructing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of building of water body offshore aquatic vegetation
Method.
Background technique
China's water pollution at present is serious, but improves and need to be improved with Treatment process, due to throwing out without care for garbage waste material
It disorderly abandons, the discharge of waste water and dregs, water eutrophication is serious, and it is original to influence water body for various algae and planktonic organism mass propagation
Ecological balance system, deteriorating water quality, it is original biology mortality, cause water pollution more serious.Currently used big portion
Water distribution component pollutant abatement technology is all physical method or chemical method, generally all only palliative, expensive or even meeting
Secondary pollution is caused, therefore with greater need for the positive effective ecological management restorative procedure of research environmental protection.
By implementing the construction method of aquatic vegetation of the invention, beautiful landscape can be provided for waters periphery and seen
Reward value, while the multiple action of various plants combination, act on well in the ecological engineering that water pollution is administered and repaired,
Reduce N in water body, P equal size, effective purifying water body.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of water body offshore aquatic vegetation
Construction method, the phytobiocoenose obtained by the construction method, growth ability is strong, and better resistance, maintenance cost is low, and the florescence is super
7 months are spent, landscape effect is good, improves bio-diversity, enhances self-purification capacity, purifying water body, and water transparency improves, and chemistry needs
Oxygen amount, total phosphorus, total nitrogen concentration reduce, and the biological purification method reduces secondary pollution, establish and continue ecological, environmental protective flora
Fall structure.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation, specifically includes following steps.
S1. select shallow water revetment area of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as water plant planting area.
S2. construct aquatic vegetation in selected growing area: the water plant planted is spatially using longitudinal knot
Structure design and transverse structure design distribution;Face two plant of bank land and water (area A), emergent aquactic plant (B from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone
Area), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D).
S3. kind should carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after the completion of planting in time, carry out in time to the weeds of growing area, other noxious plants
It removes.
The Traits change of different water plants, the difference etc. of genotype, detergent power, gardens effect is all different,
The synthesis of especially phytobiocoenose plants effect, group made of different water plants configurations can generate Different ecological restoration power and
Stability, while its effects of purification quality and landscape planting act on also difference.
Preferably, the vertical structure design and transverse structure design distribution of water plant described in step S2 are specific as follows.
Vertical structure design: water plant planting is divided into lower layer submerged plant, middle layer floating plant, upper layer are endured water and planted
Object is configured at growing area with two plant of bank land and water, more persons' combinations are faced.
Transverse structure design: water plant planting is divided into submerged plant, floating plant, emergent aquactic plant, faces bank land and water
Two plants are interspersed design according to S type bending band head and the tail, face the raw plant in bank land and water two from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone
Object (area A), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D).
Preferably, facing two plant of bank land and water is evergreen aquatic iris, any one in copper coin grass or two kinds of combinations.
Preferably, emergent aquactic plant is reed, cattail, Lythrum salicaria, any one or two kinds of combinations in rhizoma scirpi.
Preferably, floating plant is water lily, floating heart, any one in Eichhornia crassipes or two kinds of combinations.
Preferably, submerged plant is black algae, spike watermifoil, hornwort, any one in Potamogeton maackianu or two kinds of groups
It closes.
Preferably, face two plant seedling density of bank land and water be 2-30 plants/clump, 6-10 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m.
Preferably, emergent aquactic plant seedling density be 4-8 plants/clump, 20-25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.5m.
Preferably, floating plant seedling density is 1-40 plants/m2。
Preferably, submerged plant seedling density be 4-8 plants/clump, 20-25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.6m.
Preferably, the plantation amount accounting for facing two plant of bank land and water, emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant is
20%-30%。
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages that.
1. technology used in the present invention comprehensively considers from the maintenance of ecological, environmental protective, social safety and cost, to water body
Offshore aquatic vegetation is constructed, and species richness is increased, and enhances water body purification ability, improves water quality, and foundation for a long time may be used
The ecological, environmental protective structure of plant community of sustainable development.
2. the present invention improves waters periphery Eco-Environment System by the building to water body periphery aquatic vegetation, increase
Strong water body purification ability, promotes Ecological water environment restoring force and stability, realizes water environment treatment, cleans the purpose at water source.
3. the water plant selected in the present invention is mostly perennial plant, reduction is planted repeatedly every year, and is conserved simply,
Cost input is few, and vitality is vigorous, ecological, environmental protective, reduces secondary pollution, and the florescence, there were a scape in the four seasons, three Ji Youhua more than 7 months,
Landscape effect is good, beautifying water body environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is aquatic vegetation transverse design distribution map.
Fig. 2 is that the water transparency SD of different aquatic vegetations changes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the water body COD concentration of different aquatic vegetations changes schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the water body TP concentration of different aquatic vegetations changes schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the water body TN concentration of different aquatic vegetations changes schematic diagram.
The meaning of each label is as follows in figure.
1-6: group 1-6;One of two kinds of plants of the area A1:A seed selection growing area;The area A2:A chooses seeds the plantation of plant a kind of
Area;Another growing area in two kinds of plants of the area A3:A seed selection;The area A4:B emergent aquactic plant growing area;The plantation of the area A5:C floating plant
Area;Submerged plant planting area, the area A6:D.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but does not limit the present invention with this.
Example 1
A kind of two plant community hight method of land and water with purifying water body function, includes the following steps.
S1. select shallow water revetment area of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as water plant planting area.
S2. construct aquatic vegetation in selected growing area: the water plant planted is in space configuration using vertical
To structure design and transverse structure design distribution;From facing bank to phytal zone and being followed successively by, to face two plant of bank land and water (area A) plantation normal
Clear water gives birth to iris, emergent aquactic plant (area B) plantation reed and cattail, floating plant (area C) plantation floating heart and submerged plant (area D) kind
Black algae is planted, i.e., four district's groups are at group 1.
S3. kind should carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after the completion of planting in time, carry out in time to the weeds of growing area, other noxious plants
It removes.
The transverse structure design: water plant planting is divided into submerged plant, floating plant, emergent aquactic plant according to S
Type bending band head and the tail are interspersed, and face two plant of bank land and water according to waterfront profile band and are distributed design, from bank is faced to shallow water
Area, which is followed successively by, faces two plant of bank land and water (area A), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D).
Wherein, the seedling density and specification of water plant described in step S2 are respectively.
The evergreen aquatic iris seedling density in the area A be 2 plants/clump, 6 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m.
The area B reed and cattail seedling density are 4 plants/clump, 25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.5m.
The area C floating heart seedling density is 1 plant/m2。
The black algae seedling density in the area D be 4 plants/clump, 25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.6m.
The plantation is that the plantation amount accounting in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D is respectively 25%, 25%, 25%, 25%.
Example 2
A kind of two plant community hight method of land and water with purifying water body function, includes the following steps.
S1. select shallow water revetment area of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as water plant planting area.
S2. construct aquatic vegetation in selected growing area: the water plant planted is in space configuration using vertical
To structure design and transverse structure design distribution;Face two plant of bank land and water (area A) plantation copper from facing bank to phytal zone and being followed successively by
Money grass, emergent aquactic plant (area B) plantation cattail and rhizoma scirpi, floating plant (area C) plantation Eichhornia crassipes and submerged plant (area D) plantation
Hornwort, i.e., four district's groups are at group 2.
S3. kind should carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after the completion of planting in time, carry out in time to the weeds of growing area, other noxious plants
It removes.
The transverse structure design: water plant planting is divided into submerged plant, floating plant, emergent aquactic plant, faces bank
Two plant of land and water is interspersed design according to S type bending band head and the tail, faces bank land and water two from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone
Plant (area A), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D).
Wherein, the seedling density and specification of water plant described in step S2 are respectively.
The area A copper coin grass seedling density be 15 plants/clump, 8 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m.
The area B cattail and rhizoma scirpi seedling density are 6 plants/clump, 20 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.5m.
The area C Eichhornia crassipes seedling density is 30 plants/m2。
The area D hornwort seedling density be 6 plants/clump, 20 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.6m.
The plantation is that the plantation amount accounting in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D is respectively 20%, 30%, 20%, 30%.
Example 3
A kind of two plant community hight method of land and water with purifying water body function, includes the following steps.
S1. select shallow water revetment area of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as water plant planting area.
S2. construct aquatic vegetation in selected growing area: the water plant planted is in space configuration using vertical
To structure design and transverse structure design distribution;From facing bank to phytal zone and being followed successively by, to face two plant of bank land and water (area A) plantation normal
The raw iris of clear water and copper coin grass, emergent aquactic plant (area B) plantation cattail and Lythrum salicaria, floating plant (area C) plantation water lily and heavy water
Plant (area D) plants spike watermifoil and Potamogeton maackianu, i.e., four district's groups are at group 3.
S3. kind should carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after the completion of planting in time, carry out in time to the weeds of growing area, other noxious plants
It removes.
The transverse structure design: water plant planting is divided into submerged plant, floating plant, emergent aquactic plant according to S
Type bending band head and the tail are interspersed, and face two plant of bank land and water according to S type bending or so subregion Planting Design, Cong Linan
It is followed successively by phytal zone and faces two plant of bank land and water (area A), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (D
Area).
Wherein, the seedling density and specification of water plant described in step S2 are respectively.
The evergreen aquatic iris seedling density in the area A be 1 plant/clump, 8 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m;Copper coin grass seedling density is 20
Strain/clump, 8 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m.
The area B cattail seedling density be 4 plants/clump, 25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.5m.
The area C water lily seedling density is 1 plant/m2。
The area D spike watermifoil and Potamogeton maackianu seedling density are 6 plants/clump, 20 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.6m.
The plantation is that the plantation amount accounting in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D is respectively 20%, 30%, 30%, 20%.
Comparative example 1-3
Comparative example 1-3 is corresponding in turn to embodiment 1-3 respectively, and step is similar, the difference is that, selected by comparative example 1-3
Aquatic vegetation plant difference it is as follows.
Comparative example 1 (group 4): the area A water pepper;The area B cyperus alternifolius and reed;The area C Gorgon fruit;The area D eel grass.
Comparative example 2 (group 5): the area A Trifolium repense;The area B cyperus alternifolius and rhizoma scirpi;The big drift in the area C;The black algae in the area D.
Comparative example 3 (group 6): the area A copper coin grass and saururus chinensis;The area B thaliadeabata and mullet grass;The area C floating heart;The area D hornwort.
The evaluation of effect
Selection example 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 totally 6 aquatic vegetation types, choose 1 galley proof in each coenotype
Band, totally 6 belt transects, randomly select 4 sample prescriptions in every belt transect, and sample area is 1 meter × 1 meter, totally 24 sample prescriptions.When investigation
Between selection in January in October-, investigation for the first time for after a week, behind investigate every two weeks 1 time.Record the kind name of plant, height, close
Degree, frequency, cover degree, biotype, Aspection character, type, structure feature of group etc..And each group is recorded when investigating every time
Upgrowth situation and landscape effect.
The method of sampling of water quality is that a sampled point is taken to represent the water within the scope of the belt transect on the section of every belt transect
Matter is to get 6 water-quality sampling points.The time synchronization in sampling time and phytobiocoenose investigation.Testing index: water transparency
(SD), COD concentration (COD), total phosphorus concentration (TP) and total nitrogen concentration (TN).As a result as shown in Figure 2-5.
As shown in Figure 2, with the extension of time, water body SD index locating for each group rise it is obvious, illustrate its water body by
It is gradually as clear as crystal, by Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 it is found that with the extension of time, COD, TP, TN concentration are integrally in continuous downward trend, group
Fall 3 fall maximum.As it can be seen that group 3 is best to the clean-up effect of SD, COD, TP, TN of water body.
The above, only specific embodiments of the present invention, not limit practical range of the invention, it is all according to the present invention
Technical spirit any simple modification to the above embodiments, change and equivalent structural changes, should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
S1. select shallow water revetment area of the depth of water lower than 0.6 meter as water plant planting area;
S2. construct aquatic vegetation in selected planting area: the water plant planted spatially uses vertical structure
Design and transverse structure design distribution;Face two plant of bank land and water (area A), emergent aquactic plant (B from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone
Area), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D);
S3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out after the completion of kind is planted, and the weeds of growing area, other noxious plants are purged in time.
2. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to be designed by vertical structure design and transverse structure
Two aspects construct aquatic vegetation, the specific steps are that:
Vertical structure design: by water plant planting divide into lower layer submerged plant, middle layer floating plant, upper layer emergent aquactic plant and
Face two plant of bank land and water, more person's combinations are configured at growing area;
Transverse structure design: water plant planting is divided into submerged plant, floating plant, emergent aquactic plant, faces the life of bank land and water two
Plant is interspersed design according to S type bending band head and the tail, faces two plant (A of bank land and water from facing bank and being followed successively by phytal zone
Area), emergent aquactic plant (area B), floating plant (area C) and submerged plant (area D).
3. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to face
Two plant of bank land and water is evergreen aquatic iris, any one in copper coin grass or two kinds of combinations.
4. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to endure
Water plant is reed, cattail, Lythrum salicaria, any one or two kinds of combinations in rhizoma scirpi.
5. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described floating
Water plant is water lily, floating heart, any one in Eichhornia crassipes or two kinds of combinations.
6. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described heavy
Water plant is black algae, spike watermifoil, any one in Potamogeton maackianu or two kinds of combinations.
7. a kind of construction method of water body offshore aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described kind
Planting to face the plantation amount accounting of two plant of bank land and water, emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant is 20%-30%;
Wherein, the seedling density and specification of water plant described in step S2 are respectively as follows:
Face two plant seedling density of bank land and water be 1-30 plants/clump, 6-10 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.1m;
Emergent aquactic plant seedling density be 4-8 plants/clump, 20-25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.5m;
Floating plant seedling density is 1-40 plants/m2;
Submerged plant seedling density be 4-8 plants/clump, 20-25 clumps/m2, plant height >=0.6m.
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