CN110355011A - 一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置 - Google Patents
一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,包括脱除剂入口、脱除剂喷枪、脱除剂出口、脱除剂导流板,其中,脱除剂入口与脱除剂出口设置于脱除剂喷枪上,脱除剂导流板通过支架焊接在喷枪上,沿喷枪纵向布置,横截面为C型,在烟气接触位置的下游形成低压区,增强流体的湍流,避免烟气的影响,扩大脱除剂喷射面积,使脱除剂更好地与相应的流体结合,另外,本装置容易替换,具有检修维护方便的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及烟气污染物脱除的技术领域,具体为一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置。
背景技术
燃煤电站、垃圾焚烧、金属冶炼、水泥生产、钢铁烧结等工业烟气中通常具有众多污染物,主要包括SO2、NOx、SO3、HCl、重金属(以汞为代表)、二噁英等污染物。其中SO2、NOx含量较多,如果控制不当会造成酸雨、光化学烟雾等环境污染;SO3作为烟气中少量存在的污染物,其危害比SO2高出数倍。烟气中过多的SO3会直接导致“烟羽”现象,也是大气中PM2.5的来源之一;SO3会提高烟气酸露点,导致设备腐蚀加剧。
汞是一种地方性、区域性和全球性的污染物,研究表明,汞与多种疾病的发生有关联,减少汞的排放有利于人类健康和环境。汞可以通过多种渠道进入大气,燃煤已经成为最大的人为汞污染源。工业上将吸附剂如活性炭、飞灰、钙基物质、活性焦等新型吸附剂通过喷枪喷入除尘器前烟道中,通过物理吸附作用,将烟气中的汞及其他重金属脱除,进而被除尘器捕集。
二噁英类化合物都难以被降解,长时间存在于环境中,并能够在不同环境介质中不断循环,因此,存在各种机会被人体所吸收。皮肤和呼吸道吸收也是人体摄入的重要途径。其最大毒性是具有不可逆的致畸、致癌、致突变毒性,被国际研究中心列为人类一级致癌物。工业上通常用喷枪将吸附剂如活性炭、活性焦喷入烟道中达到吸附二噁英减少其排放的作用。
从上述内容中可以发现喷枪在工业应用的重要性,污染物的脱除都会使用喷枪输送相应的吸附剂或吸收剂。而现有吸附剂\吸收剂喷射装置,一般采用直管直接***到烟道中,喷射装置的喷口采用单排直喷口,直喷口的扩散效果不太好,喷射出的吸附剂\吸收剂不能够全部覆盖烟道流通面上,且在烟气的压力的作用下,从出口喷出的吸附剂\吸收剂扩散面积相比于静止状态下有所减小,使得烟气中的污染物不能充分与吸附剂\吸收剂接触,污染物吸收率低,使得污染物容易进入外部空气中,破坏环境。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种安装在烟道中的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,具体的技术方案为:
一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,包括脱除剂入口、脱除剂喷枪、脱除剂出口、脱除剂导流板,其中,脱除剂喷枪数量为n且n≥2,脱除剂入口设置在脱除剂喷枪的顶部,脱除剂出***错开设在脱除剂喷枪的侧壁,共开设8~20个脱除剂出口,脱除剂导流板为C型,带有向两侧延展的平翼部分,通过支架纵向焊接在脱除剂喷枪上,脱除剂喷枪垂直***烟道中;
进一步的,平翼部分的长度为脱除剂导流板半圆所对应直径的1~2倍;
优选地,脱除剂喷枪直径为1.0cm~10.0cm;
优选地,脱除剂喷枪间隔为0.5~2m;
优选地,脱除剂喷枪深入烟道的长度为烟道总高度的50%~80%;
优选地,脱除剂出口在高度为5~20cm交替布置;
进一步的,两排所述脱除剂出口夹角为30°~120°;
进一步的,脱除剂出口孔径从上至下依次减小。
采用本发明结构后,活性炭粉末等脱除剂及其他固体顺着压缩空气管道输送的空气进入喷枪入口,经过一段无出口的喷枪前端充分混合,从两排依次夹角为30°~120°的出口喷射进入烟道内,导流板沿喷枪纵向布置,导流板横截面为C型,导流板在于烟气接触位置的下游形成低压区,增强流体的湍流,避免来自烟气的压力影响,扩大脱除剂喷射面积,使脱除剂更好的与相应的流体结合,由于喷枪底部位置封闭,只在侧壁位置设置出口,底部会呈现一个紊流状态,为保证活性炭等脱除剂不聚积在底部位置堵住出口且保证动态平衡且出口喷射的脱除剂量基本上保持一致,需要喷枪管道的出口自上至下孔径依次减小,使得底部出口喷射量能够减小,设置C型导流板与孔径的双重作用保证出流量的活性炭等脱除剂够均匀稳定扩散,确保与烟道中的污染物充分接触,提高污染物的吸附量,保证污染物不易进入外部大气中,保护环境质量,提高环境治理水平。
附图说明
图1为本发明脱除剂喷射装置主结构示意图;
图2为本发明脱除剂喷射装置带烟道主结构示意图;
图3为脱除剂出口夹角为90°时的脱除剂喷射装置的A-A剖视结构示意图;
图4为为本发明脱除剂喷射装置安装在烟道平面的布置图
图5为本发明脱除剂喷射装置安装在烟道平面的B-B剖视布置图;
图6为普通脱除剂喷枪粒子追踪平面图;
图7为本发明脱除剂喷枪粒子追踪平面图。
图中:1-烟道;2-脱除剂入口;3-脱除剂喷枪;4-脱除剂出口;5-脱除剂导流板;6-支架。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1~图6所示,本发明的脱除剂喷射装置,包括烟道1,烟气流通在烟道1内,烟气顺着烟道1自前向后流动,在烟道1内设置脱除剂喷枪3,脱除剂喷枪3包括开设在顶端的的脱除剂入口2、开设在脱除剂喷枪3侧壁呈30°~120°自上而下交错分布的多个脱除剂出口4以及通过支架焊接连接脱除剂导流板5,脱除剂喷枪3通过法兰***烟道1中,其上部露在烟道外,脱除剂出口4孔径从上至下依次减小,当第一个脱除剂出口4孔径为x时,下方脱除剂出口4孔径处于(1/2~1/10)x区间内。
如图4中所示,多个脱除剂喷枪3相隔一段距离垂直***烟道1中,间距距离根据烟道1横截面积而定,一般为50mm-200mm,且脱除剂喷枪3底部距离烟道1底部有一段距离,烟气方向垂直于脱除剂喷枪3的方向,图5为图4在B-B向的剖视图,垂直于烟道1布置。
如图6和图7所示,图6中的是普通未加脱除剂导流板5且未变径的脱除剂喷枪3,喷出的脱除剂为均匀扩散,左侧相比于右侧较多,且中部并没有形成湍流区,证明扩散并不完善,面积小,且后续扩散分布效果相比于图7示出的本发明脱除剂喷枪3相差较多;图7中加装脱除剂导流板5与孔径的变化双重作用保证出流量的脱除剂够均匀且大面积扩散,在脱除剂导流板5侧形成负压区域,确保与烟道1中的污染物充分接触,在烟道1中部形成湍流区域,提高污染物的吸收效果,保证污染物不易进入外部大气中,保护环境质量,提高环境治理水平。
如图2所示,本发明工作原理如下:
脱除剂活性炭、活性焦、木炭、炭黑、焦炭、飞灰、氧化铝、沸石、膨润土等粉状吸附剂的一种,也可以是尿素、NaHCO3、Na2CO3、Ca(OH)2,生石灰、石灰石、碱金属及碱土金属氧化物等固体粉状吸收剂的一种,或上述物质的混合物。
固体脱除剂及其他固体物质顺着压缩空气管道输送的空气进入脱除剂入口2,经过一段无出口的脱除剂喷枪3前端充分混合,从两排依次夹角为90°的脱除剂出口4喷射进入烟道1内,其角度如图3所示,在脱除剂喷枪3管道上通过支架6焊接脱除剂导流板5,脱除剂导流板5为C型,通过脱除剂导流板5的作用将烟气导向两侧,壁面直接对脱除剂喷枪3进行接触摩擦,造成物理性腐蚀。若没有脱除剂导流板5的作用,烟气直接作用于脱除剂喷枪3管壁上,产生压力,喷射的活性炭由于其两侧压力的作用,喷射面积会减小,造成脱除剂喷射不均,扩散不匀,影响脱除剂的吸附效果。其中脱除剂导流板5的存在可以引导直接作用于脱除剂喷枪3的烟气向两侧流动,形成一个低压区域,减小其对脱除剂喷射轨迹的影响,扩大喷射的截面面积,使得脱除剂从出口喷出后扩散的均匀,使得脱除剂能够覆盖整个烟气输送的全部流通面,保证脱除效果。由于脱除剂喷枪3底部位置封闭,只在侧壁位置设置脱除剂出口4,底部会呈现一个紊流状态,为保证活性炭不聚积在底部位置堵住脱除剂出口4且保证动态平衡且脱除剂出口4喷射的活性炭量基本上保持一致,需要脱除剂喷枪3的脱除剂出口4自上至下孔径依次减小,使得底部脱除剂出口4喷射量能够减小。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,包括脱除剂入口、脱除剂喷枪、脱除剂出口、脱除剂导流板,其中,所述脱除剂喷枪数量为n且n≥2,所述脱除剂入口设置在所述脱除剂喷枪的顶部,所述脱除剂出***错开设在所述脱除剂喷枪的侧壁,共开设8~20个所述脱除剂出口,所述脱除剂导流板为C型,带有向两侧延展的平翼部分,通过支架纵向焊接在所述脱除剂喷枪上,所述脱除剂喷枪垂直***烟道中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述平翼部分的长度为所述脱除剂导流板半圆所对应直径的1~2倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述脱除剂喷枪直径为1.0cm~10.0cm。
4.根据权利要求4所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述脱除剂喷枪间隔为0.5~2m。
5.根据权利要求1所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述脱除剂喷枪深入烟道的长度为烟道总高度的50%~80%。
6.根据权利要求7所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述脱除剂出口在高度为5~20cm交替布置。
7.根据权利要求7所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,两排所述脱除剂出口夹角为30°~120°。
8.根据权利要求7所述的污染物固体脱除剂喷射装置,其特征在于,所述脱除剂出口孔径从上至下依次减小。
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