CN110353096A - 饲养羊用的秸秆饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料及其制备方法，包括以下原料：玉米秸秆50～60份、甘蔗渣20～30份、醋糟10～16份、橄榄果渣10～16份、食盐1～3份、诱食剂2～6份及微生物制剂5～10份。制备方法：1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为36～60h，得到湿发酵原料；3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可。该秸秆饲料不仅解决了消化利用率的问题，还解决了营养价值低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
农作物秸秆是世界上最为丰富的物质之一，据统计，全世界每年秸秆的产量超过30.25亿吨，若是可以充分利用，全世界每年所有的这些秸秆资源能供给16.74亿个山羊养殖单位。秸秆属于低质饲草，可将其进行饲料化利用，为畜牧业的发展提供原料；秸秆饲料化利用是一项节约、环保、生态型利用方式，将桔秆加工成畜牧业所需要的高营养价值饲料，提高农作物桔秆利用率。然而，秸秆属于典型的低质饲草，其在反刍动物瘤胃中的发酵很慢，消化率低，而单单利用青贮、氨化、微贮等处理技术处理秸秆，虽改变了其理化性状，但是所制备的饲料营养价值较低，且若是处理不好，则山羊食用后易出现各种病状，因此需要在利用作物秸秆生产饲料的基础上进一步优化制备工艺，降低山羊患病风险。
发酵原料是以豆粕、棉粕、菜粕等植物性原料为底物，经微生物发酵和高温烘制而成的高营养价值饲料用原料，由于制备过程中祛除了植物原料中不良寡糖、抗原、植酸、胰蛋白酶抑制因子等抗营养因子，且富含有机酸等营养成分，发酵原料被广泛用于饲料的制备。然而，即使将秸秆用于发酵处理，仍然解决不了其营养价值低的问题。
发明内容
本发明提出一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，该秸秆饲料不仅解决了消化利用率的问题，还解决了营养价值低的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆50～60份、甘蔗渣20～30份、醋糟10～16份、橄榄果渣10～16份、食盐1～3份、诱食剂2～6份及微生物制剂5～10份；所述玉米秸秆与所述甘蔗渣在使用之前均需要经过尿素溶液浸泡处理。
优选地，所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5～10％，浸泡时间为1～3h。
优选地，所述诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，所述鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为4～6:1～2:1～2:1。
优选地，所述微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为36～60h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
优选地，所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5～10％，浸泡时间为1～3h。
本发明的复合菌涉及的菌种均为现有菌种，无需进行生物材料保藏。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明饲养羊用的秸秆饲料中玉米秸秆与所述甘蔗渣在使用之前均需要经过尿素溶液浸泡处理，其解决了秸秆在反刍动物瘤胃中发酵很慢，消化率低的问题。
2、本发明的秸秆饲料的制备方法中，将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣发酵制备的湿发酵原料与醋糟混合制备，能够丰富饲料的营养，解决了营养价值低的问题。提高饲料转化率，促进羊的生长发育。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆54份、甘蔗渣23份、醋糟12份、橄榄果渣13份、食盐2份、诱食剂4份及微生物制剂7份。诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为4:2:1:1。微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
制备方法：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；尿素溶液的质量浓度为7％，浸泡时间为2h。
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为48h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
实施例2
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆50份、甘蔗渣30份、醋糟10份、橄榄果渣14份、食盐1份、诱食剂2份及微生物制剂10份。诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为5:1:2:1。微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
制备方法：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5％，浸泡时间为3h。
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为36h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
实施例3
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆52份、甘蔗渣25份、醋糟16份、橄榄果渣10份、食盐2份、诱食剂4份及微生物制剂5份。诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为6:1:2:1。微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
制备方法：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为10％，浸泡时间为1h。
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为60h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
实施例4
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆60份、甘蔗渣24份、醋糟10份、橄榄果渣16份、食盐3份、诱食剂6份及微生物制剂10份。诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为4:1:1:1。微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
制备方法：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为8％，浸泡时间为3h。
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为40h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
实施例5
一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆56份、甘蔗渣20份、醋糟13份、橄榄果渣15份、食盐3份、诱食剂5份及微生物制剂8份。诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为6:1:1:1。微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
制备方法：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5～10％，浸泡时间为1～3h。
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为55h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
玉米秸秆50～60份、甘蔗渣20～30份、醋糟10～16份、橄榄果渣10～16份、食盐1～3份、诱食剂2～6份及微生物制剂5～10份；所述玉米秸秆与所述甘蔗渣在使用之前均需要经过尿素溶液浸泡处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，其特征在于，所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5～10％，浸泡时间为1～3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，其特征在于，所述诱食剂为鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E，所述鸡精、甜味剂、香味剂及维生素E的质量之比为4～6:1～2:1～2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲养羊用的秸秆饲料，其特征在于，所述微生物制剂为长双歧杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酿酒酵母的复合菌。
5.如权利要求1所述的饲养羊用的秸秆饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将玉米秸秆与甘蔗渣混合进行粉碎，然后加入尿素溶液进行浸泡处理，然后沥干得到混合粉料；
2)将混合粉料与橄榄果渣混合后加入微生物制剂在24～30℃条件下进行发酵，发酵时间为36～60h，得到湿发酵原料；
3)将湿发酵原料与余下原料均匀后，制粒即可获得饲养羊用的秸秆饲料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的饲养羊用的秸秆饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述尿素溶液的质量浓度为5～10％，浸泡时间为1～3h。
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