CN110349926B - Method for reducing thermal resistance of liquid metal heat conducting fin - Google Patents

Method for reducing thermal resistance of liquid metal heat conducting fin Download PDF

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CN110349926B
CN110349926B CN201910651204.4A CN201910651204A CN110349926B CN 110349926 B CN110349926 B CN 110349926B CN 201910651204 A CN201910651204 A CN 201910651204A CN 110349926 B CN110349926 B CN 110349926B
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indium
tin
gallium
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CN110349926A (en
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童潇
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Guangdong Guangti Leading New Materials Co ltd
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Shenzhen Qianhai Quantum Wing Nano Carbon Technology Co ltd
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    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3733—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon having a heterogeneous or anisotropic structure, e.g. powder or fibres in a matrix, wire mesh, porous structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3736—Metallic materials

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of heat conduction materials, in particular to a method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat conduction sheet. The invention discloses a method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin, which comprises the step of smearing pretreated liquid metal alloy on glass fiber mesh cloth. According to the invention, the liquid metal alloy is improved, so that the liquid metal alloy heat-conducting fins completely infiltrate and fill the gaps of the heat-conducting surface, and the effects of low thermal resistance and high heat conduction are achieved.

Description

Method for reducing thermal resistance of liquid metal heat conducting fin
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat conduction materials, in particular to a method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat conduction sheet.
Background
At present, the total power density of an electronic chip is greatly increased due to rapid development of microelectronic technology, and the heat flux density is increased accordingly. The system stability and hardware life are seriously affected by the heat dissipation. The chip technology provides unprecedented urgent demands for high-performance heat dissipation methods, so that the heat dissipation of the ultrahigh heat flow density chip is always an extremely active research field in the world.
Heat dissipation from a chip requires the use of a thermally conductive interface material in contact with the heat sink or heat dissipation surface, which acts to fill the micro-voids between the two interfaces. The traditional heat-conducting interface material is heat-conducting silicone grease or heat-conducting silica gel, and the basic principle is that high-heat-conducting filler particles are filled in the silicone oil. But because the thermal conductivity of the silicon oil or silicon gel substrate is extremely low, the overall thermal conductivity is very low and is generally lower than 5W/mK, and the thermal resistance is more than 0.3cm2K/W. This is very disadvantageous for the heat dissipation of fast-developing electronic chips, for example, the heat flow density of 5G communication chips is greater than 20W/mK, and the heat conducting silicone grease or silicone material will generate a temperature rise at the interface of up to 6 degrees. To solve this problem, liquid metal alloy heat conducting materials have gradually come into the field of vision in recent years. For example, GaInBi series liquid metal alloy materials, have a melting point of 58-60 degrees, and when the die temperature exceeds this melting point, the liquid metal alloy sheet melts and acts to fill the interfacial voids. Because of the high thermal conductivity that metals have, the thermal conductivity is as high as 20W/(mK).
Although the liquid metal heat conducting sheet has high heat conducting capacity, a plurality of problems still exist in the practical application process. One disadvantage is that the melting can fill the interface voids, but because the pressure at the thermal interface is not uniform after assembly, there are places where coverage/wetting is better and places where it is worse, which is especially pronounced over larger heat-dissipating surfaces. As a result, the effects of different heat-conducting sheets are different and are high and low, and the application effect of the heat-conducting sheets is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat conducting fin, comprising the step of coating a pretreated liquid metal alloy on a glass fiber mesh cloth.
As a preferred technical solution, the liquid metal alloy is composed of gallium, indium and tin.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mass percentages of gallium, indium and tin are as follows:
19-23% of indium;
58-63% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mass percentages of gallium, indium and tin are as follows:
20-22% of indium;
59-61% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 0.01-0.2 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the gram weight of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 40-200 g/square meter.
As a preferable technical scheme, the gram weight of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 110-200 g/square meter.
As a preferred technical solution, the pretreatment process of the liquid metal alloy is as follows: the liquid metal alloy is stirred at room temperature for a certain period of time.
As a preferable technical scheme, the stirring speed is 10-100rpm, and the stirring time is 0.5-2 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme, the stirring speed is 10-100rpm, and the stirring time is 1 hour.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the liquid metal alloy is improved, so that the liquid metal alloy heat-conducting fins completely infiltrate and fill the gaps of the heat-conducting surface, and the effects of low thermal resistance and high heat conduction are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of thermal resistance as a function of pressure for example 1 of the present invention as tested.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal alloy heat-conducting fin, which comprises the step of coating the pretreated liquid metal alloy on glass fiber mesh cloth.
Liquid metal alloy
In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The gallium is a light blue metal, has a melting point of 29.76 ℃, becomes liquid when heated to the melting point, is cooled to 0 ℃ without solidification, and increases in volume by about 3.2% when converted from liquid to solid. The heat conductivity of the gallium is 29.4W/(m.cndot.), and the gallium is stable in dry air and generates an oxide film to prevent continuous oxidation and loses luster in humid air.
The indium is silvery white and slightly bluish metal, and the melting point of the indium is 156.61 ℃. The thermal conductivity of the indium is 81.6W/(m DEG C); from normal temperature to melting point, the indium slowly reacts with oxygen in the air, a very thin oxide film is formed on the surface, and when the temperature is higher, the indium reacts with active nonmetal. The bulk indium metal does not react with boiling water and alkali solution, but the powdered indium reacts slowly with water to form indium hydroxide.
The tin is a low-melting-point metal element with silvery white luster, and the melting point of the metal element is 231.89 ℃. The thermal conductivity of the tin is 15.08W/(m DEG C); the tin dioxide protective film is generated on the surface of tin in the air to be stable, and the oxidation reaction is accelerated under heating. Tin is rich in ductility at normal temperature, particularly at 100 ℃, the ductility is very good, and extremely thin tin foil can be formed.
As a preferred embodiment, the gallium, indium and tin are, by mass:
19-23% of indium;
58-63% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
As a preferred embodiment, the gallium, indium and tin are, by mass:
20-22% of indium;
59-61% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
Preferably, the mass percentages of gallium, indium and tin are as follows:
21.5% of indium;
62.5% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
Preferably, the mass percentages of gallium, indium and tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; heating to 250 ℃ and 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-8 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
As a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment process of the liquid metal alloy is: the liquid metal alloy is stirred at room temperature for a certain period of time.
As a preferred embodiment, the stirring speed is 10 to 100rpm and the stirring time is 0.5 to 2 hours.
The stirring time may be, for example: 0.5 hour, 0.6 hour, 0.7 hour, 0.8 hour, 0.9 hour, 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.3 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.6 hours, 1.7 hours, 1.8 hours, 1.9 hours, 2 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, the stirring speed is 10 to 100rpm and the stirring time is 1 hour.
The applicant has found that by pre-treating the liquid metal alloy, the wettability between the liquid metal alloy and the mesh cloth is enhanced.
Glass fiber mesh cloth
The glass fiber mesh fabric is obtained by taking glass fiber woven fabric as a base material and soaking a coating layer in a high-molecular anti-emulsion. The glass fiber mesh cloth is mainly alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, is formed by twisting medium-alkali-free glass fiber yarns through a special tissue structure, namely a leno tissue, and is subjected to high-temperature heat setting treatment such as alkali resistance and a reinforcing agent.
In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 0.01 to 0.2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 40 to 200 g/m.
In a preferred embodiment, the gram weight of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 110-200 g/square meter.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for reducing the thermal resistance of the liquid metal alloy heat conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy at room temperature for 0.5-2 hours at the stirring speed of 10-100 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
And (4) wiping the surface of the glass fiber mesh cloth by using a cotton swab for multiple times during the coating in the step (3), so that the liquid metal alloy is fully and tightly contacted with the mesh cloth.
The applicant unexpectedly finds that the thermal resistance of the liquid metal alloy heat conducting sheet can be well reduced by coating the liquid metal alloy on glass fiber mesh cloth with the gram weight of 110-200 g/square meter and the thickness of 0.01-0.2 mm after pretreatment, supposing that when the liquid metal alloy heat conducting sheet is in contact with a heat conducting surface, the liquid metal alloy heat conducting sheet with submillimeter-level periodic fluctuation can spread on the heat conducting surface, the fluctuation structures are fine and soft, and the periodic structures with specific sizes and intervals and the pretreated liquid metal are cooperated with each other, and are rapidly deformed under the action of pressure and preliminarily fill the heat conducting surface, so that each part of the heat conducting surface is pressed. Meanwhile, air in the small groove on the heat conducting surface is compressed, and at the moment, under the combined action of the external pressure, the capillary force and the air pressure in the small groove, the heat conducting surface and the liquid metal heat conducting sheet reach an optimal state. And when the temperature rises to be over-melting point, the liquid metal alloy is melted, and all gaps of the heat conducting surface are completely filled in a soaking way, so that the effects of low thermal resistance and high heat conduction are achieved.
The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Examples
Example 1
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 2
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 2 hours at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 3
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 0.5 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 4
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 4 hours at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 5
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol in sequence;
(2) and (3) coating the liquid metal alloy on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (1) to obtain the glass fiber mesh cloth.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 6
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 200 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.2 mm and a model EW of 200, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Example 7
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 110 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.1 mm and a model of EW110, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd.
Example 8
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21% of indium;
60% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh fabric has a grammage of 24 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.035 mm, a model number of 792, and is purchased from new high insulation materials, ltd, of the city of Changzhou.
Example 9
A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring the liquid metal alloy for 1 hour at room temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 80 rpm;
(2) simultaneously, sequentially cleaning the glass fiber mesh cloth by using acetone and ethanol;
(3) and (3) smearing the liquid metal alloy pretreated in the step (1) on the glass fiber mesh cloth cleaned in the step (2) to obtain the metal alloy.
The liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
The mass percentages of the gallium, the indium and the tin are as follows:
21.5% of indium;
62.5% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
The preparation method of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw material simple substances of the liquid metal alloy according to the component formula, uniformly mixing, and adding into a crucible; and heating to 280 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and placing the obtained liquid metal alloy in a container protected by inert atmosphere for later use.
The glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 160 g/square meter, a thickness of 0.16 mm and a model of EW160, and is purchased from New high insulation Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou.
Performance testing
Testing thermal resistance: the thermal resistance test (the measurement pressure is 100Psi) is carried out on the liquid metal heat conducting sheet by using a Hunan instrument DRL heat conducting silica gel/thermal resistance instrument, and the result is shown in Table 1, and the thermal resistance unit is cm2K/W。
TABLE 1 thermal resistance test results
Examples Thermal resistance
Example 1 0.04
Example 2 0.08
Example 3 0.06
Example 4 0.45
Example 5 0.37
Example 6 0.07
Example 7 0.05
Example 8 0.41
Example 9 0.07
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may modify or change the technical content disclosed above into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes, but all those simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made on the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for reducing the thermal resistance of a liquid metal heat-conducting fin is characterized in that,
comprises the step of smearing the pretreated liquid metal alloy on glass fiber gridding cloth; the gram weight of the glass fiber mesh cloth is 40-200 g/square meter;
the pretreatment process of the liquid metal alloy comprises the following steps: stirring the liquid metal alloy at room temperature for a certain time; the stirring speed is 10-100rpm, and the stirring time is 0.5-2 hours;
the liquid metal alloy consists of gallium, indium and tin.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gallium, indium and tin are, in mass percent:
19-23% of indium;
58-63% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gallium, indium and tin are, in mass percent:
20-22% of indium;
59-61% of gallium;
the remaining amount of tin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiberglass scrim has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass fiber mesh cloth has a grammage of 110-200 g/m.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stirring speed is 10-100rpm and the stirring time is 1 hour.
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