CN110348692B - Large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage scheduling graph calculation method - Google Patents

Large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage scheduling graph calculation method Download PDF

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CN110348692B
CN110348692B CN201910508985.1A CN201910508985A CN110348692B CN 110348692 B CN110348692 B CN 110348692B CN 201910508985 A CN201910508985 A CN 201910508985A CN 110348692 B CN110348692 B CN 110348692B
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蒋志强
胡德超
陈璐
覃晖
冯仲恺
周建中
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating a multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group, which comprises the steps of obtaining a reservoir set which is in water volume and water head relation with each reservoir according to a topological structure of the series-parallel reservoir group; determining the upper and lower limits of water level, output and flow constraint conditions of each time interval operation of each reservoir of the series-parallel reservoir group; respectively dispersing the guaranteed output force and the minimum discharge flow; ensuring the output and the minimum discharge discrete value of each group, and constructing a parallel-series reservoir group energy storage dispatching diagram; performing simulation calculation on each parallel-serial reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph; and constructing a multi-objective solution space for each minimum leakage flow, and obtaining the optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum leakage flow according to a scheme optimization criterion or an actual scheduling criterion. The invention improves the original discrimination coefficient, the water balance equation and the energy storage calculation formula, and solves the problem of complex water quantity and water head relation in the drawing of the energy storage dispatching diagram of the series-parallel reservoir group; and simultaneously, coupling of the energy storage dispatching graph and multi-target dispatching is realized.

Description

Large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage scheduling graph calculation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optimal operation of hydroelectric energy and optimal scheduling of power generation of a power system, and particularly relates to a method for calculating a multi-target energy storage scheduling graph of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group.
Background
The energy storage dispatching diagram is used as a conventional reservoir group combined dispatching tool, is widely applied to reservoir group combined dispatching due to the clear physical significance, but the existing research and application mainly focuses on the cascade reservoir energy storage dispatching diagram based on a storage and water supply discrimination method, and no relevant research result is found for large series-parallel reservoir groups with series-connected reservoirs and parallel-connected reservoirs. In addition, the variable is simple and the target is single different from that of single reservoir scheduling, and a series-parallel reservoir group consisting of a plurality of reservoirs needs to be uniformly scheduled and managed, so that the method has the characteristics of large dimension and multiple targets. At present, some achievements are obtained in research on multi-target scheduling of reservoir groups, but some defects also exist in related research, for example, the research mostly adopts an optimization algorithm to perform deterministic optimization calculation so as to verify the effectiveness of a multi-target solution method, and the research of an optimization model or algorithm is emphasized, so that the practicability of an optimization result is not concerned, and the research is difficult to be effectively applied in actual scheduling. In addition, although some researches propose corresponding scheduling schemes or rules and have certain practical application effects, few researches focus on the combination problem of multi-objective scheduling and energy storage scheduling diagrams.
Different from the drawing of a single cascade reservoir energy storage dispatching diagram, the drawing of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram has a plurality of factors considered, the drawing process is more difficult and complicated, and the drawing method has the following two difficulties: (1) the hydraulic relationship between the upstream and downstream reservoirs of the series-parallel reservoir group is more complex compared with that of a simple cascade reservoir, water quantity and water head relation exists between partial reservoirs directly or indirectly, and water quantity and water head relation does not exist between partial reservoirs. Therefore, how to effectively couple the complex water quantity and water head relation to the whole process of drawing and simulating the energy storage dispatching diagram of the series-parallel reservoir group, no mature method for solving the problem exists at present; (2) compared with the single reservoir scheduling variable, the method is different from the single reservoir scheduling variable, and a series-parallel reservoir group consisting of a plurality of reservoirs is often characterized by large dimension and many targets. Therefore, aiming at the practical scheduling problem of the large-scale parallel-serial reservoir group, how to combine the parallel-serial reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph with multi-target scheduling and consider flood control, power generation (including power generation, guarantee rate and guaranteed output) and ecological scheduling targets, the multi-target energy storage scheduling graph model suitable for the parallel-serial reservoir group and the solving method thereof are a big difficulty at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for calculating a multi-target energy storage scheduling graph of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group, which aims to couple complex water quantity and water head relation among all reservoirs in a series-parallel reservoir group system to an energy storage scheduling graph drawing and simulating process and combine a multi-target scheduling problem with the energy storage scheduling graph to obtain the multi-target energy storage scheduling graph suitable for the series-parallel reservoir group.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage scheduling graph calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set of each reservoir according to the topological structure of the series-parallel reservoir group, and determining the upper and lower limits of water level, output and flow constraint conditions of each time period of operation of each reservoir of the series-parallel reservoir group;
the system comprises an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set, wherein the S set is an upstream reservoir number set which is directly related to the current reservoir in water quantity, the DownRes set is a current reservoir and a downstream reservoir number set which is related to the current reservoir in water head, and the UpRes set is an upstream reservoir number set which does not include the current reservoir and is related to the current reservoir in water quantity;
(2) according to the initial guaranteed output of the system, a guaranteed output optimization interval is constructed, the guaranteed output is scattered in the guaranteed output optimization interval, and a plurality of guaranteed output discrete values TN are obtainedi(i ═ 1, 2.. multidot.M), establishing a minimum let-down flow optimizing interval according to actual minimum let-down flow data of an upstream power station, and dispersing the minimum let-down flow in the minimum let-down flow optimizing interval to obtain a plurality of minimum let-down flows Qj(j＝1,2,...,N)；
(3) Ensuring the output and minimum discharge discrete value of each group, and constructing a parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph according to the obtained S set, the DownRes set, the UpRes set, the upper and lower water level limits, the output and flow constraint conditions;
(4) performing simulation calculation on each parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph to obtain the generated energy, the power generation guarantee rate and the minimum ecological flow satisfaction rate of the downstream section;
(5) and constructing a multi-objective solution space including generating capacity, generating guarantee rate and guaranteed output for each minimum let-down flow, and obtaining an optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum let-down flow according to actual scheduling requirements.
Further, the guaranteed output power optimizing interval is (0.7 TN)0,1.3TN0) Or (0.6 TN)0,1.4TN0)；
Wherein TN0The output is initially guaranteed for the series-parallel reservoir group system.
Further, the step (3) of ensuring the discrete value of the output and the minimum let-down flow for each group, and constructing a hybrid reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph according to the obtained S set, the DownRes set, the UpRes set, the upper and lower water level limits, the output and flow constraint conditions specifically includes:
(3.1) acquiring an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
selecting Y-year typical runoff series from long-series historical runoff data, and calculating the total energy storage of the system at the beginning of each time period of each typical year series-parallel reservoir group through reverse time sequence recursion according to a discrimination coefficient and a constraint condition;
taking an upper envelope and a lower envelope of a system total energy storage change curve corresponding to each typical year as an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
(3.2) obtaining a typical runoff process corresponding to an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
assuming the total inflow TQ of the series-parallel reservoir group system in the current time period, distributing the total inflow TQ to each reservoir according to the annual average runoff distribution proportion, and obtaining the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system;
calculating the initial total energy storage ES of the current time interval of the parallel-serial reservoir according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, and reading the initial total energy storage ES' corresponding to the current time interval from the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
comparing the calculated total energy storage ES with the read total energy storage ES'; if the typical runoff values are equal, the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system is used as the typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the actual series-parallel reservoir system; if not, updating the total input flow rate TQ by a difference value, and repeatedly calculating until the calculated total energy storage ES is equal to the read total energy storage ES';
(3.3) acquiring an increasing output line and a decreasing output line according to a typical runoff process;
according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, increasing or decreasing the output value, and calculating the total system energy storage of the hybrid reservoir group at the beginning of each time period through reverse time sequence recursion in the typical runoff process corresponding to the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
and acquiring the initial system total energy storage change process of each time period of the series-parallel reservoir group, and using the obtained system total energy storage change process as an output increasing line or an output reducing line.
Further, the formula for calculating the discriminant coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0002092798840000041
Figure BDA0002092798840000042
wherein,
Figure BDA0002092798840000043
when the reservoirs discharge water, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the smaller the value is, the reservoir discharges water firstly;
Figure BDA0002092798840000044
when the water is stored in the reservoirs, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the larger the value is, the reservoir stores water firstly; esupplyRepresenting the energy generated by the water discharging and power generation of the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-supplyIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir; eV-supplyIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure BDA0002092798840000045
Energy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir;
Figure BDA0002092798840000046
representing the average water surface area of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure BDA0002092798840000047
represents the average head of the ith reservoir in the t period; estoreRepresenting the energy stored in the reservoir by the water storage in the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-storeIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy gain due to ith reservoir impoundment; eV-storeIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure BDA0002092798840000048
The energy gain due to the i-th reservoir holding water.
Further, the constraint conditions comprise water quantity balance constraint, output constraint, water level constraint and flow constraint.
Further, the water balance constraint is as follows:
Figure BDA0002092798840000051
wherein,
Figure BDA0002092798840000052
the flow rate of the power generation quote is represented,
Figure BDA0002092798840000053
the flow rate of the reject water is indicated,
Figure BDA0002092798840000054
the flow rate of the evaporation is shown,
Figure BDA0002092798840000055
the initial storage capacity of the time period is shown,
Figure BDA0002092798840000056
the storage capacity at the end of the time period is represented,
Figure BDA0002092798840000057
including interval inflow and discharge of upstream reservoir in direct water quantity connection with ith reservoir,
Figure BDA0002092798840000058
Figure BDA0002092798840000059
indicating the interval inflow of the ith bank during the t-th period,
Figure BDA00020927988400000510
indicating the amount of bleed down from the upstream jth bank that has a direct water flow connection with the ith bank.
Further, the energy storage calculation formula of the series-parallel reservoir group system is as follows:
Figure BDA00020927988400000511
wherein, EStRepresenting the current energy storage value of the series-parallel reservoir group system;
Figure BDA00020927988400000512
indicating the available water quantity of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure BDA00020927988400000513
representing the head of the jth bank; gamma is the specific gravity of water.
Further, the simulation calculation of the energy storage scheduling graph of each series-parallel reservoir group in the step (4) specifically includes:
(4.1) calculating the total energy storage of the reservoir group system at the beginning of the t-th time period;
(4.2) obtaining the total output TL of the system in the current time period from the energy storage dispatching graph of the series-parallel reservoir group according to the total energy storaget,chartAnd calculating the total output TL of the system when generating power only by the natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judging total output TL of the system in the current time periodt,chartAnd the total output TL of the system when generating power only by natural incoming flowt,inflowSize; if TLt,inflow>TLt,chartWhen the reservoir stores water, the step (4.4) is carried out; if TLt,inflow<TLt,chartWhen the reservoir discharges water for power generation, the step (4.5) is carried out; if TLt,inflow＝TLt,chartWhen the system does not store the power, the step (4.6) is carried out;
(4.4) reservoir water storage with the maximum discrimination coefficient is carried out first until the total output of the water storage of the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the maximum discrimination coefficient is full or reaches the upper limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second highest discrimination coefficient stores water until the output equals TLt,chart；
(4.5) discharging water in the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient until the total output of the discharged water in the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient is emptied or reaches the lower limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output force still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second smallest discrimination coefficient is drained and generates electricity until the output is equal to TLt,chart。
(4.6) generating power only according to natural incoming flow.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a method for calculating a multi-target energy storage scheduling graph of a large-scale parallel-serial reservoir group aiming at the problem of multi-target scheduling of the large-scale parallel-serial reservoir group, and aims at solving the problem of complex water quantity and water head relation existing in drawing and simulation of the energy storage scheduling graph of the parallel-serial reservoir group by improving a discrimination coefficient, a water quantity balance equation and an energy storage calculation formula in a pure-step reservoir group aiming at the complex water head and water quantity relation existing between upstream and downstream reservoirs of the parallel-serial reservoir group.
(2) According to the invention, on the basis of comprehensively considering scheduling targets such as flood control, power generation, ecology and the like, a large-scale parallel-series reservoir group multi-target energy storage scheduling graph optimization model is established, the problem of coupling between an energy storage scheduling graph and a multi-target scheduling problem is well solved, and good reference and reference can be provided for the multi-target scheduling problem of other drainage basins.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of calculating a multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group;
FIG. 2 is a backward calculation process of a parallel-series reservoir group energy storage dispatching diagram;
FIG. 3 is a geographic location diagram of a series-parallel reservoir group in the Xijiang river basin;
FIG. 4 is a topological structure diagram of a series-parallel reservoir group in the Xijiang river basin;
FIGS. 5(a) -5 (f) are "power generation amount-power generation assurance rate-guaranteed output" Pareto optimum leading edges at different minimum let-down flow rates;
FIG. 6 shows that the power generation securing rate is 90% and the minimum amount of let-down flow is 300m3An optimal energy storage dispatching diagram at/s;
FIG. 7 shows the power generation securing rate of 95% and the minimum amount of bleed-down flow of 100m3Optimal energy storage scheduling graph (ecological satisfaction rate) at/s>0.95)；
FIG. 8 shows the power generation securing rate of 95% and the minimum amount of the bleed-down flow of 300m3Optimal energy storage scheduling graph (ecological satisfaction rate) at/s>0.97)；
FIGS. 9(a) to 9(e) are graphs in which the guaranteed power generation rate is 95% and the minimum drain rate is 100m3And (4) simulating a result (water level process) of the energy storage dispatching diagram at the time of/s.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for calculating a multi-target energy storage scheduling diagram of a large-scale series-parallel reservoir group, which comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set of each reservoir according to the topological structure of the series-parallel reservoir group, and determining the upper and lower limits of water level, output and flow constraint conditions of each time period of operation of each reservoir of the series-parallel reservoir group;
the system comprises an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set, wherein the S set is an upstream reservoir number set which is directly related to the current reservoir in water quantity, the DownRes set is a current reservoir and a downstream reservoir number set which is related to the current reservoir in water head, and the UpRes set is an upstream reservoir number set which does not include the current reservoir and is related to the current reservoir in water quantity;
table 1 shows characteristics and a schematic topological structure diagram of the series reservoir group, the parallel reservoir group, and the series-parallel reservoir group, respectively, and taking the series-parallel reservoir group in table 1 as an example, 5 reservoirs are numbered 1,2,3,4, and 5 in sequence from upstream to downstream, so that the S set of each reservoir is: the S set of the 1 st library is { }; set S of library 2 is {1 }; the S set of the 3 rd library is { }; the S set of the 4 th library is { }; the S set of the 5 th reservoir is {2,3,4}, and in the pure cascade reservoir, except the first reservoir at the top, the S sets of the i th reservoirs are { i-1 };
the DownRes set for each reservoir was: the set of DownRes of library 1 is {1,2,5 }; the set of DownRes of library 2 is {2,5 }; the set of DownRes of library 3 is {3,5 }; the DownRes set of library 4 is {4,5 }; the Down Res set of the 5 th reservoir is {5}, and in a pure cascade reservoir, the Down Res sets of the ith reservoir are all { i, i +1, …, n };
the UpRes set for each reservoir was: the UpRes set of the 1 st library is { }; the UpRes set of bank 2 is {1 }; the UpRes set of the 3 rd library is { }; the UpRes set of the 4 th library is { }; the UpRes set of the 5 th reservoir is {1,2,3,4}, and in a pure cascade reservoir, the UpRes sets of the i th reservoir are all {0,1,2, …, i-1 };
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002092798840000081
(2) According to the initial guaranteed output of the system, a guaranteed output optimization interval is constructed, the guaranteed output is scattered in the guaranteed output optimization interval, and a plurality of guaranteed outputs are obtainedForce dispersion value TNi(i ═ 1, 2.. multidot.M), establishing a minimum let-down flow optimizing interval according to actual minimum let-down flow data of an upstream power station, and dispersing the minimum let-down flow in the minimum let-down flow optimizing interval to obtain a plurality of minimum let-down flows Qj(j＝1,2,...,N)；
Specifically, an optimization interval is established by the upper and lower 30% -40% of the initial guaranteed output (the sum of the guaranteed outputs of all power stations) of the system, and the optimal optimization interval is dispersed in a certain step length to obtain a guaranteed output dispersion space.
(3) Ensuring the output and minimum discharge discrete value of each group, and constructing a parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph according to the obtained S set, the DownRes set, the UpRes set, the upper and lower water level limits, the output and flow constraint conditions;
specifically, as shown in fig. 2, constructing a parallel-serial reservoir group energy storage scheduling diagram specifically includes:
(3.1) acquiring an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
selecting Y-year typical runoff series from long-series historical runoff data, and calculating the total energy storage of the system at the beginning of each time period of each typical year series-parallel reservoir group through reverse time sequence recursion according to a discrimination coefficient and a constraint condition;
taking an upper envelope and a lower envelope of a system total energy storage change curve corresponding to each typical year as an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
(3.2) obtaining a typical runoff process corresponding to an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
assuming the total inflow TQ of the series-parallel reservoir group system in the current time period, distributing the total inflow TQ to each reservoir according to the annual average runoff distribution proportion, and obtaining the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system;
calculating the initial total energy storage ES of the current time interval of the parallel-serial reservoir according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, and reading the initial total energy storage ES' corresponding to the current time interval from the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
comparing the calculated total energy storage ES with the read total energy storage ES'; if the typical runoff values are equal, the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system is used as the typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the actual series-parallel reservoir system; if not, updating the total input flow rate TQ by a difference value, and repeatedly calculating until the calculated total energy storage ES is equal to the read total energy storage ES';
(3.3) acquiring an increasing output line and a decreasing output line according to a typical runoff process;
according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, increasing or decreasing the output value, and calculating the total system energy storage of the hybrid reservoir group at the beginning of each time period through reverse time sequence recursion in the typical runoff process corresponding to the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
and acquiring the initial system total energy storage change process of each time period of the series-parallel reservoir group, and using the obtained system total energy storage change process as an output increasing line or an output reducing line.
In the invention, the complex water head and water quantity relation between the upstream reservoir and the downstream reservoir is considered, and the discrimination coefficient in the simple cascade reservoir system is improved to obtain the discrimination coefficient suitable for the large-scale series-parallel reservoir system:
Figure BDA0002092798840000091
Figure BDA0002092798840000092
wherein,
Figure BDA0002092798840000093
when the reservoirs discharge water, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the smaller the value is, the reservoir discharges water firstly;
Figure BDA0002092798840000094
when the water is stored in the reservoirs, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the larger the value is, the reservoir stores water firstly; esupplyRepresenting the energy generated by the water discharging and power generation of the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-supplyIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir; eV-supplyIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure BDA0002092798840000101
Energy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir;
Figure BDA0002092798840000102
representing the average water surface area of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure BDA0002092798840000103
represents the average head of the ith reservoir in the t period; estoreRepresenting the energy stored in the reservoir by the water storage in the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-storeIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy gain due to ith reservoir impoundment; eV-storeIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure BDA0002092798840000104
The energy gain due to the i-th reservoir holding water.
The energy storage dispatching diagram is the same as the conventional single-base dispatching diagram, and in the process of calculating each dispatching line by backward deduction in the typical annual runoff process, various constraints need to be considered, including water balance constraint, output constraint, water level constraint, flow constraint and the like, the invention improves the water balance constraint to obtain new water balance constraint:
Figure BDA0002092798840000105
wherein,
Figure BDA0002092798840000106
including interval inflow and discharge of upstream reservoir in direct water quantity connection with ith reservoir,
Figure BDA0002092798840000107
Figure BDA0002092798840000108
the flow rate of the power generation quote is represented,
Figure BDA0002092798840000109
the flow rate of the reject water is indicated,
Figure BDA00020927988400001010
the flow rate of the evaporation is shown,
Figure BDA00020927988400001011
indicates the initial storage capacity of the time period, Vt iThe storage capacity at the end of the time period is represented,
Figure BDA00020927988400001012
indicating the interval inflow of the ith bank during the t-th period,
Figure BDA00020927988400001013
indicating the downstream discharge rate of the upstream jth reservoir which is directly connected with the ith reservoir;
in the simulation calculation process of the energy storage dispatching diagram, when the total output of the system is determined, the current total energy storage value of the reservoir group system needs to be determined, the invention improves the energy storage calculation formula in the simple cascade reservoir system to obtain the energy storage calculation formula suitable for the large-scale series-parallel reservoir group system:
Figure BDA00020927988400001014
wherein, EStRepresenting the current energy storage value of the series-parallel reservoir group system;
Figure BDA00020927988400001015
indicating the available water quantity of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure BDA00020927988400001016
representing the head of the jth bank; gamma is the specific gravity of water.
(4) Performing simulation calculation on each parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph to obtain the generated energy, the power generation guarantee rate and the minimum ecological flow satisfaction rate of the downstream section;
specifically, after the energy storage dispatching diagram is obtained, the simulation calculation process specifically includes:
(4.1) calculating the total energy storage of the reservoir group system at the beginning of the t-th time period;
(4.2) obtaining the total output TL of the system in the current time period from the energy storage dispatching graph of the series-parallel reservoir group according to the total energy storaget,chartAnd calculating the total output TL of the system when generating power only by the natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judging total output TL of the system in the current time periodt,chartAnd the total output TL of the system when generating power only by natural incoming flowt,inflowSize; if TLt,inflow>TLt,chartWhen the reservoir stores water, the step (4.4) is carried out; if TLt,inflow<TLt,chartWhen the reservoir discharges water for power generation, the step (4.5) is carried out; if TLt,inflow＝TLt,chartWhen the system does not store the power, the step (4.6) is carried out;
(4.4) reservoir water storage with the maximum discrimination coefficient is carried out first until the total output of the water storage of the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the maximum discrimination coefficient is full or reaches the upper limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second highest discrimination coefficient stores water until the output equals TLt,chart；
(4.5) discharging water in the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient until the total output of the discharged water in the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient is emptied or reaches the lower limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output force still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second smallest discrimination coefficient is drained and generates electricity until the output is equal to TLt,chart。
(4.6) generating power only according to natural incoming flow.
(5) And constructing a multi-objective solution space including generating capacity, generating guarantee rate and guaranteed output for each minimum let-down flow, and obtaining an optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum let-down flow according to a scheme optimization criterion or an actual scheduling criterion.
Specifically, the obtained energy storage scheduling graph is only a single result under specific constraints and specific boundaries, for example, a result under a combination of a certain initial guaranteed output and a certain minimum discharge rate of an upstream reservoir (regulation reservoir), and if the guaranteed output changes or the minimum discharge rate of the regulation reservoir changes, a multi-objective problem is involved, and in multi-objective combined scheduling of a reservoir group, generally related objectives include: flood control objectives, ecological objectives, and power generation objectives.
Firstly, for a flood control target, generally converting the flood control target into a water level requirement, wherein in a flood season, an operating water level is not more than a flood limit water level, in an non-flood season, the operating water level is not more than a normal water storage level, and the flood control target is a forced target, and a function expression of the flood control target can be expressed as follows:
flood season Zt≤Zfloodcontrollevel
In non-flood season Zt≤Znormallevel
Wherein Z istFor operating water level, ZfloodcontrollevelFor flood limiting water level, ZnormallevelIs a normal water storage level;
secondly, the ecological target mainly refers to the ecological flow requirement of a downstream key control section, such as minimum ecological flow), the river flow of the downstream control section can only be controlled by the discharge flow of a reservoir with regulation performance, therefore, the ecological flow requirement can be converted into the requirement of the minimum discharge flow of the regulation reservoir, if a plurality of reservoirs with regulation performance are arranged above the key control section in a series-parallel reservoir group, the possible minimum discharge flow interval of the reservoir with regulation performance at the upstream can be dispersed and arranged and combined, then long series analog calculation is carried out on each combination, the river flow condition of the downstream key control section of each combination is counted, so that the ecological flow satisfying condition of each key control section can be obtained, in some cases, such as incomplete data, the requirement of the lower limit of the ecological flow can be generally only considered, namely, the guarantee rate of the minimum discharge flow more than or equal to the lower limit of the ecological flow is required to be as large as possible, or not less than a given value, and the function expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002092798840000121
wherein, EcoRatekRepresenting the ecological flow satisfaction rate of the kth key section, TotalStages representing the time interval number in long series simulation, and a function Timesk(t) is a statistical function of the number of times for the kth ecological flow control profile, if
Figure BDA0002092798840000122
Timesk(t) ═ 1; if it is
Figure BDA0002092798840000123
Timesk(t) is 0, wherein
Figure BDA0002092798840000124
And the minimum ecological flow of the kth key control section in the t-th time period is shown.
For a power generation target, three sub-targets of power generation amount, guarantee rate and guaranteed output exist, a certain coordination and competition relationship exists among the three targets, under a general condition, the guarantee rate and the guaranteed output are in a competition relationship, namely the guarantee rate is reduced when the guaranteed output is increased, and the guarantee rate is improved when the guaranteed output is reduced; the guaranteed output and the generated energy may be in a competitive relationship or a synergistic relationship, and depending on a specific research basin, the target functions of the generated energy, the guaranteed rate and the guaranteed output can be expressed as follows:
the generated energy is maximum:
Figure BDA0002092798840000131
wherein E is the total generated energy of the reservoir group, n is the number of reservoirs, T is the number of dispatching time periods, and delta T is the time period length;
ensuring the maximum output:
f3＝maxTNG
wherein TNGEnsuring output for the reservoir group;
the maximum power generation guarantee rate is as follows:
Figure BDA0002092798840000132
wherein phi () is a statistical function representing total system output TN in the long series simulation processt,actualGreater than guaranteed output TNGP is the statistical assurance rate in each simulation calculation, PminIs the lower limit of the guaranteed rate.
After a multi-target feasible solution space is obtained, scheme optimization and decision are further carried out, and a multi-target decision related theory is needed; the Pareto theory is currently the most widely used method for dealing with multi-objective problems, and Pareto solutions are also called non-dominated solutions or non-dominated solutions: when there are multiple targets, one solution is the best on one target and may be the worst on the other targets due to the existence of conflicts and incomparable phenomena between the targets, and the solution that inevitably weakens at least one other target function while improving any target function is called a non-dominant solution or Pareto solution; another related concept is Pareto improvement, which refers to a change that makes at least one object better without deteriorating any object situation, and Pareto optimally refers to a state where there is no room for Pareto improvement, and a curved surface formed by an optimal set in space is called a Pareto front surface.
In the research problem of the invention, 4 targets are included under each minimum let-down flow combination, namely, the ecological flow satisfaction rate f1Generating capacity f2Guaranteed power f3And a power generation securing rate f4After the feasible solution of the problem is obtained through discrete combination solution, a Pareto optimal solution set can be obtained through the definition, and after the Pareto optimal solution is obtained, scheme optimization and decision can be carried out by using a relevant decision method, a scheme optimization criterion or an actual scheduling criterion.
In order to show the effect achieved by the method, the embodiment takes the parallel-serial reservoir group in the Xijiang river basin of China as an example for verification. Zhujiang river flows through Yunnan, Qian, Gui, Yue, Xiang, Jiang and other provinces (regions) in China and the northeast of the republic of society of Vietnam, and comprises three major tributaries of Xijiang, North and east, wherein the West river is the longest and is generally called the main flow of Zhujiang. The hydropower development of the Xijiang river basin is basically completed at present, 13 reservoirs are arranged from the upstream to the downstream to form a large series-parallel reservoir group which is connected in series and in parallel, the geographical position of each reservoir group is shown in figure 3, five reservoirs including Tianyi, illumination, Yangtai, Longtan and Bai color are reservoirs with regulating capacity, and the rest are reservoirs with daily regulating capacity or without regulating capacity, the 13 reservoirs are numbered sequentially from top to bottom by 1,2,3, … and 13, the topological structures of the reservoirs are shown in figure 4, and an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set of each reservoir are obtained by calculation and are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
Reservoir number Set Si Set DownResi Set UpResi
1 {} {1,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} {}
2 {} {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} {}
3 {1,2} {3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} {1,2}
4 {3} {4,5,6,7,8,10,13} {1,2,3}
5 {4} {5,6,7,8,10,13} {1,2,3,4}
6 {5} {6,7,8,10,13} {1,2,3,4,5}
7 {6} {7,8,10,13} {1,2,3,4,5,6}
8 {7} {8,10,13} {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
9 {} {9,10,13} {}
10 {8,9} {10,13} {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
11 {} {11,12,13} {}
12 {11} {12,13} {11}
13 {10,12} {13} {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
Determining basic parameters of each reservoir of the series-parallel reservoir group, upper and lower limits of operation water level in each time interval and other constraints, and taking a flow process corresponding to 90% monthly frequency as a lower limit of suitable ecological runoff to obtain the minimum ecological flow of a downstream ecological control section;
establishing an optimization interval by using the upper and lower 40% of the initial guaranteed output of the system (the sum of the guaranteed outputs of all power stations, namely 3588MW), and dispersing the optimization interval by using 10MW as a step length to obtain a guaranteed output dispersion space;
at 50m3The step size is set at the interval of 0m3/s and 500m3/s]Internally dispersing the minimum downward flow to obtain a minimum downward flow dispersion space;
under different guaranteed output forces, combining with different minimum let-down flow rates, calculating an energy storage scheduling graph according to the flow shown in the attached figure 2, performing simulation calculation, and counting the generated energy, the power generation guarantee rate and the minimum ecological flow rate satisfaction rate of the downstream section, thereby constructing a five-dimensional target space of 'minimum let-down flow rate combination-guaranteed output force-generated energy-power generation guarantee rate-ecological satisfaction rate';
for each minimum let-down flow, according to a Pareto optimal principle, a Pareto optimal front edge of a three-dimensional target solution space of 'generating capacity-generating guarantee rate-guaranteed output' is constructed, and an optimal scheme is selected from the 'generating capacity-generating guarantee rate-guaranteed output' three-dimensional Pareto optimal front edge according to a scheme optimization criterion or an actual scheduling criterion, so that a series of schemes corresponding to the minimum let-down flow or ecological satisfaction rate are obtained.
The minimum downward discharge quantity Q is 0m respectively3/s100m3/s,200m3/s,300m3/s,400m3/s,500m3For example,/s, the three-dimensional feasible solution space and Pareto optimal front of the generated energy-generated power guarantee rate-guaranteed output are shown in fig. 5(a) -5 (f).
The optimal scheme is selected from the three-dimensional multi-target space of 'generating capacity-generating guarantee rate-guaranteed output', the maximum generating capacity when the generating guarantee rate meets the requirement 'or the maximum guaranteed output when the generating guarantee rate meets the requirement' can be used as the criterion for screening, the maximum generating capacity when the generating guarantee rate is more than 90% is used as the criterion for screening the scheme, and the obtained optimal scheme results under each minimum downward flow combination are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Minimum let down flow Guarantee of output Electric energy production Rate of guarantee of power generation Ecological flow assurance rate
0 4.00E+06 595.08 90％ 0.944
50 4.16E+06 596.35 90％ 0.949
100 4.53E+06 596.69 90％ 0.949
150 4.70E+06 595.76 90％ 0.952
200 4.69E+06 594.69 90％ 0.96
250 4.63E+06 593.08 90％ 0.965
300 4.39E+06 589.89 90％ 0.971
350 4.25E+06 585.37 90％ 0.973
400 3.47E+06 578.59 90％ 0.972
450 3.05E+06 572.10 90％ 0.97
500 3.00E+06 565.45 90％ 0.968
It can be seen that, under different minimum let-down flows, the corresponding guaranteed output of the optimal scheme is firstly increased and then reduced, the corresponding power generation amount change has no obvious regularity (the increase, the reduction, the increase and the reduction are carried out), and if the downstream ecological flow satisfaction rate is not lower than 0.97, the minimum let-down flow is equal to 300m3/s、350m3/s、400m3S and 450m3In comparison, when the minimum bleed-down flow is equal to 300m3When the power generation amount and the guaranteed output are both large at/s, the power generation amount and the guaranteed output are 589.89 hundred million kilowatt hours and 4.39E +06kW respectively, and the corresponding power generation amount and the guaranteed output are at the timeThe energy storage dispatching diagram of the series-parallel reservoir group is shown in fig. 6.
Different requirements (90%, 95% or 98%) for the power generation guarantee rate are set, different scheme series can be obtained, for example, scheme screening is performed according to the criterion that the maximum power generation amount is required to be greater than 95% of the power generation guarantee rate, and the obtained results are shown in the attached table 4.
TABLE 4
Minimum let down flow Guarantee of output Electric energy production Rate of guarantee of power generation Ecological flow assurance rate
0 2.95E+06 591.27 95％ 0.944
50 3.65E+06 595.28 95％ 0.949
100 4.08E+06 596.43 95％ 0.949
150 4.12E+06 596.33 95％ 0.952
200 4.02E+06 595.12 95％ 0.96
250 3.62E+06 593.03 95％ 0.965
300 3.43E+06 588.93 95％ 0.971
350 3.07E+06 583.37 95％ 0.973
400 2.79E+06 577.02 95％ 0.972
450 2.72E+06 571.96 95％ 0.97
500 2.54E+06 565.56 95％ 0.968
It can be seen that, at different minimum let-down flows, the corresponding guaranteed output of the optimal scheme is firstly increased and then reduced, and the maximum value is 100m at the minimum let-down flow3Around/s (4.08E +06 kW); the corresponding power generation amount is increased firstly and then reduced, and the maximum value is 100m at the minimum downward discharge amount3The ecological flow rate at the time is only about 0.95 and does not reach 0.97 (596.43 hundred million kilowatt hours); if the ecological flow satisfying rate of 0.95 can reach the actual requirement, the minimum downward flow is 100m3The scheme of/s is the best scheme, and the corresponding energy storage dispatching diagram is shown in FIG. 7; if the ecological flow rate must be 0.97 or more, the situation is similar to the previous situation (the situation that the guarantee rate requires 90%), i.e. the minimum downward flow rate is 300m3The scheme at/s is the best scheme, and the corresponding energy storage dispatching diagram is shown in figure 8.
With a minimum let-down flow of 100m3For example, the long series of the multi-year mean water level processes of the regulated reservoirs are shown in fig. 9(a) -9 (e), it can be seen that all the reservoirs are basically full under the multi-year mean condition, and from the water level change process, the upstream reservoirs (1 st reservoir and 2 nd reservoir) store water after the water storage period and supply water first; the downstream reservoir (3 rd and 4 th reservoirs) stores water firstly in a water storage period and supplies water after a water supply period, and the water storage and release rule ensures that the downstream reservoir stores water firstlyUnder most conditions, the system is in a high water level operation state, which is beneficial to the exertion of water head benefits so as to improve the generating capacity of the whole system.
According to the simulation result, the method well realizes the coupling of the multi-target scheduling problem and the large-scale parallel-serial reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph, and verifies the reasonability and effectiveness of the method.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A large-scale series-parallel reservoir group multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set of each reservoir according to the topological structure of the series-parallel reservoir group, and determining the upper and lower limits of water level, output and flow constraint conditions of each time period of operation of each reservoir of the series-parallel reservoir group;
the system comprises an S set, a DownRes set and a UpRes set, wherein the S set is an upstream reservoir number set which is directly related to the current reservoir in water quantity, the DownRes set is a current reservoir and a downstream reservoir number set which is related to the current reservoir in water head, and the UpRes set is an upstream reservoir number set which does not include the current reservoir and is related to the current reservoir in water quantity;
(2) according to the initial guaranteed output of the system, a guaranteed output optimization interval is constructed, the guaranteed output is scattered in the guaranteed output optimization interval, and a plurality of guaranteed output discrete values TN are obtainediAnd i is 1,2,.. M, establishing a minimum let-down flow optimizing interval according to actual minimum let-down flow data of an upstream power station, and dispersing the minimum let-down flow in the minimum let-down flow optimizing interval to obtain a plurality of minimum let-down flows Qj，j＝1,2,...,N；
(3) Ensuring the output and minimum discharge discrete value of each group, and constructing a parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph according to the obtained S set, the DownRes set, the UpRes set, the upper and lower water level limits, the output and flow constraint conditions; the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
(3.1) acquiring an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
selecting Y-year typical runoff series from long-series historical runoff data, and calculating the total energy storage of the system at the beginning of each time period of each typical year series-parallel reservoir group through reverse time sequence recursion according to a discrimination coefficient and a constraint condition;
taking an upper envelope and a lower envelope of a system total energy storage change curve corresponding to each typical year as an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
(3.2) obtaining a typical runoff process corresponding to an upper basic dispatching line and a lower basic dispatching line;
assuming the total inflow TQ of the series-parallel reservoir group system in the current time period, distributing the total inflow TQ to each reservoir according to the annual average runoff distribution proportion, and obtaining the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system;
calculating the initial total energy storage ES of the current time interval of the parallel-serial reservoir according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, and reading the initial total energy storage ES' corresponding to the current time interval from the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
comparing the calculated total energy storage ES with the read total energy storage ES'; if the typical runoff values are equal, the assumed typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the series-parallel reservoir system is used as the typical runoff corresponding to each reservoir in the actual series-parallel reservoir system; if not, updating the total input flow rate TQ by a difference value, and repeatedly calculating until the calculated total energy storage ES is equal to the read total energy storage ES';
(3.3) acquiring an increasing output line and a decreasing output line according to a typical runoff process;
according to the discrimination coefficient and the constraint condition, increasing or decreasing the output value, and calculating the total system energy storage of the hybrid reservoir group at the beginning of each time period through reverse time sequence recursion in the typical runoff process corresponding to the upper basic dispatching line and the lower basic dispatching line;
acquiring the initial system total energy storage change process of each time period of the series-parallel reservoir group, and taking the obtained system total energy storage change process as an output increasing line or an output reducing line; the calculation formula of the discrimination coefficient is as follows:
Figure FDA0003463118010000027
Figure FDA0003463118010000021
wherein,
Figure FDA0003463118010000022
when the reservoirs discharge water, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the smaller the value is, the reservoir discharges water firstly;
Figure FDA0003463118010000023
when the water is stored in the reservoirs, the discrimination formula value corresponding to each reservoir is shown, and the larger the value is, the reservoir stores water firstly; esupplyRepresenting the energy generated by the water discharging and power generation of the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-supplyIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir; eV-supplyIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure FDA0003463118010000024
Energy loss caused by the water discharge and power generation of the ith reservoir;
Figure FDA0003463118010000025
representing the average water surface area of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure FDA0003463118010000026
represents the average head of the ith reservoir in the t period; estoreRepresenting the energy stored in the reservoir by the water storage in the ith reservoir in the t period; eW-storeIncoming flow W representing the current time period of the ith reservoirt iEnergy gain due to ith reservoir impoundment; eV-storeIndicating the amount of water stored in the upstream reservoir of the ith reservoir
Figure FDA0003463118010000031
Energy gain due to ith reservoir impoundment;
the energy storage calculation formula of the series-parallel reservoir group system is as follows:
Figure FDA0003463118010000032
wherein, EStRepresenting the current energy storage value of the series-parallel reservoir group system;
Figure FDA0003463118010000033
indicating the available water quantity of the ith reservoir in the t period;
Figure FDA0003463118010000034
representing the head of the jth bank; gamma is the specific gravity of water;
(4) performing simulation calculation on each parallel-series reservoir group energy storage scheduling graph to obtain the generated energy, the power generation guarantee rate and the minimum ecological flow satisfaction rate of the downstream section;
(5) and constructing a multi-objective solution space including generating capacity, generating guarantee rate and guaranteed output for each minimum let-down flow, and obtaining an optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum let-down flow according to actual scheduling requirements.
2. The method for calculating the multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of the large-scale series-parallel reservoir group according to claim 1, wherein the guaranteed output power optimizing interval is (0.7 TN)0,1.3TN0) Or (0.6 TN)0,1.4TN0)；
Wherein TN0The output is initially guaranteed for the series-parallel reservoir group system.
3. The method for calculating the multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of the large-scale series-parallel reservoir group according to claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions comprise water balance constraint, output constraint, water level constraint and flow constraint.
4. The method for calculating the multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of the large-scale series-parallel reservoir group according to claim 3, wherein the water balance constraint is as follows:
Figure FDA0003463118010000035
wherein,
Figure FDA0003463118010000036
the flow rate of the power generation quote is represented,
Figure FDA0003463118010000037
the flow rate of the reject water is indicated,
Figure FDA0003463118010000038
the flow rate of the evaporation is shown,
Figure FDA0003463118010000039
indicates the initial storage capacity of the time period, Vt iThe storage capacity at the end of the time period is represented,
Figure FDA00034631180100000310
including interval inflow and discharge of upstream reservoir in direct water quantity connection with ith reservoir,
Figure FDA00034631180100000311
Figure FDA00034631180100000312
indicating the interval inflow of the ith bank during the t-th period,
Figure FDA0003463118010000041
indicating the amount of bleed down from the upstream jth bank that has a direct water flow connection with the ith bank.
5. The method for calculating the multi-target energy storage dispatching diagram of the large-scale parallel-series reservoir group according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of performing simulation calculation on each parallel-series reservoir group energy storage dispatching diagram specifically comprises the following steps:
(4.1) calculating the total energy storage of the reservoir group system at the beginning of the t-th time period;
(4.2) obtaining the total output TL of the system in the current time period from the energy storage dispatching graph of the series-parallel reservoir group according to the total energy storaget,chartAnd calculating the total output TL of the system when generating power only by the natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judging total output TL of the system in the current time periodt,chartAnd the total output TL of the system when generating power only by natural incoming flowt,inflowSize; if TLt,inflow>TLt,chartWhen the reservoir stores water, the step (4.4) is carried out; if TLt,inflow<TLt,chartWhen the reservoir discharges water for power generation, the step (4.5) is carried out; if TLt,inflow＝TLt,chartWhen the system does not store the power, the step (4.6) is carried out;
(4.4) reservoir water storage with the maximum discrimination coefficient is carried out first until the total output of the water storage of the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the maximum discrimination coefficient is full or reaches the upper limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second highest discrimination coefficient stores water until the output equals TLt,chart；
(4.5) discharging water in the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient until the total output of the discharged water in the reservoir group system is equal to TLt,chart(ii) a If the reservoir with the minimum discrimination coefficient is emptied or reaches the lower limit of the water level in the time interval, the total output force still does not reach TLt,chartThen the reservoir with the second smallest discrimination coefficient is drained and generates electricity until the output is equal to TLt,chart；
(4.6) generating power only according to natural incoming flow.
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