CN110346549A - 一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,属于材料性能评价技术领域,解决目前缺少杜仲胶形状记忆性能评价方法,以及形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能测试方法单一,试件制备过程及操作方法繁琐,不利于实验操作的问题。本发明首先制备出形状记忆改性杜仲胶,并将其制成圆柱体试件;然后,利用相关仪器进行压缩试验,并测量在不同操作步骤下改性杜仲胶压缩以及回复后的试件高度;最后,以形状固定率和形状回复率评价其形状记忆性能,并在此基础上,进一步优化改性杜仲胶配方。本发明提供的形状记忆性能评价方法,即解决了改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能测试方法的缺少,又丰富了形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能评价方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明是一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,属于材料性能评价技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,随着科学技术的发展和人类社会的不断进步,材料在人类的生产和生活中起着越来越重要的作用,人们对于材料的要求也越来越高,衍生了各种新型材料,形状记忆材料就是其中的典型代表。由于性能优异,应用前景广阔,形状记忆材料得到了各国大力发展。形状记忆材料是指在外界环境变化(如热、光、电、磁、溶剂等)的刺激下,做出响应,使得自身的状态参数(如形状、应力和应变等)发生变化,恢复到初始设定状态的一类高分子材料。包括形状记忆陶瓷、形状记忆合金、形状记忆聚合物等。
随着研究的不断深入,形状记忆聚合物由于优异的形状记忆效应,在机械制造、电子通讯、印刷包装、医疗卫生、日常用品、文体娱乐、航空航天、土木建筑等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,如自动启闭阀门、电缆防水接头、热收缩薄膜、矫正材料、便携式饮具、体育保护器材、空间可展开结构和异径管连接等。尽管研究人员对形状记忆聚合物有了较为深入的研究和了解,应用也得到了较大发展。然而,在道路建设领域中,将形状记忆聚合物用作改性剂加入到沥青混合料或路面养护材料中,从而提高沥青材料形状记忆性能,起到自动缩小甚至闭合微裂缝的自愈合效果,以此减少沥青路面病害产生,却很少被提及或深入研究。
研究发现,难以对形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能进行准确量化或直观性的公式描述,本身具有的复杂微观结构特性及粘弹力学行为,再加上试验时容易受到外界环境因素的影响,导致目前形状记忆聚合物形状记忆性能评价方法难以更方便、更客观、更准确地评价改性杜仲胶的形状记忆性能。同时,目前国内外对形状记忆材料的研究大多集中在形状记忆聚合物种类的开发以及其形状记忆效应的多种驱动方式探索。相关形状记忆性能的评价方法也仅局限于聚合物本身,而未扩展到其应用领域。与之对应的,造成了在沥青路面维修与养护领域,缺少有效的方法去评价沥青材料形状记忆性能,导致难以研发能够在沥青路面使用温度下具有形状记忆材料,提高沥青自愈合功能和路面耐久性。
近年来,对杜仲胶改性研究发现,通过硫化、接枝、与过氧化物、气泡交联等改性方式,可以改变杜仲胶本身结晶状态及性能。与其它物质共混时,能够作为改性剂,改善其它物质性能及发展。当采取硫化、接枝等处理工艺时,在一定条件下,可以改性沥青。同时研究表明,杜仲胶还是典型的一种形状记忆材料,采用硫磺或过氧化物交联制得的具有化学交联结构的杜仲胶,在沥青路面使用温度下始终处于结晶状态,具有形状记忆性能。
但是,已有研究发现,目前缺少杜仲胶形状记忆性能测试方法,关于形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能测试方法较为单一,通常为拉伸、疲劳、弯曲等试验,试件制备过程较复杂,操作方法较为繁琐,不利于实验操作。
本发明提供一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,利用万能材料试验机对改性杜仲胶进行压缩试验,并测量在不同操作步骤下改性杜仲胶压缩以及回复后的试件高度,以形状固定率、形状回复率表征改性杜仲胶形状记忆回复效果,由此丰富了形状记忆聚合物形状记忆性能评价方法,以及更客观评价改性杜仲胶的形状记忆性能。
发明内容
(1)技术问题
本发明目的是提供一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,解决目前缺少杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,以及形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能测试方法较为单一,试件制备过程及操作方法较为繁琐,不利于实验操作的问题。
(2)技术方案
为了解决目前缺少杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,以及形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能测试方法较为单一,试件制备过程及操作方法较为繁琐,不利于实验操作的问题。本发明提供一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,其技术方案如下:首先,制备出形状记忆改性杜仲胶,并将其制成圆柱体试件,利用万能材料试验机进行压缩试验;其次,经过加热和加载,当试件被压缩到一定预应变时,停止加载,维持一段时间后,停止加热,测量试件在之后恒载作用下自然冷却到室温时试件高度;然后,先后测量卸除荷载后在室温下放置,以及与沥青路面使用温度一致的环境箱中养护后的试件高度;最后,以形状固定率和形状回复率来评价改性杜仲胶的形状记忆性能,并在此基础上,进一步优化改性杜仲胶配方。
(3)有益效果
近年来,形状记忆聚合物发展迅速,在诸多领域得到了广泛应用。道路材料研究人员希望将形状记忆聚合物应用到道路建设领域中,将其作为改性剂加入到沥青及其混合料中,赋予材料形状记忆性能,起到自愈合效果,减少沥青路面病害产生或影响。研究发现,采用硫磺或过氧化物交联制得的具有化学交联结构的杜仲胶,在沥青路面使用温度下始终处于结晶状态,具有形状记忆性能,是一种良好的形状记忆聚合物。
本发明提供一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,一方面解决目前杜仲胶形状记忆性能测试方法的缺少,同时丰富形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆性能评价方法;另一方面,确定具有最佳形状记忆性能的改性杜仲胶配方,使其加入到沥青或路面养护材料中,赋予沥青材料形状记忆性能,起到良好的自愈合效果。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,具体实施步骤如下:
(1)根据沥青路面使用温度范围,制备不同过氧化二苯甲酰添加量的改性杜仲胶,使其在沥青路面使用温度下始终处于结晶转态,具有形状记忆性能;
(2)将改性杜仲胶制备成直径为15mm,高为40mm的圆柱体试件,将改性杜仲胶试件置于万能材料试验机进行压缩,设置环境箱内温度与沥青路面使用温度范围一致;
(3)试件保温15min后,以0.1mm/min加载速率进行压缩,观察试件高度,当试件被压缩到一定预应变时,停止加载,维持温度和荷载30min,停止加热,使试件在此时荷载作用下自然冷却到室温,测量试件高度,记录为l1;
(4)卸除荷载,将试件在室温下放置在实验台上24h后,测量试件高度为l2;
(5)将试件放入与沥青路面使用温度一致的环境箱中保温1h,使试件充分形状回复,采用光学显微镜观察回复情况,测量回复后试件高度为l3;
(6)计算改性杜仲胶的形状固定率和形状回复率评价其形状记忆性能,其中,采用(40-l2)/(40-l1)计算形状固定率,采用(l3-l2)/(40-l2)计算形状回复率,并在此基础上,进一步优化改性杜仲胶配方。
Claims (1)
1.一种改性杜仲胶形状记忆性能的评价方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)根据沥青路面使用温度范围,制备不同过氧化二苯甲酰添加量的改性杜仲胶,使其在沥青路面使用温度下始终处于结晶转态,具有形状记忆性能;
(2)将改性杜仲胶制备成直径为15mm,高为40mm的圆柱体试件,将改性杜仲胶试件置于万能材料试验机进行压缩,设置环境箱内温度与沥青路面使用温度范围一致;
(3)试件保温15min后,以0.1mm/min加载速率进行压缩,观察试件高度,当试件被压缩到一定预应变时,停止加载,维持温度和荷载30min,停止加热,使试件在此时荷载作用下自然冷却到室温,测量试件高度,记录为l1;
(4)卸除荷载,将试件在室温下放置在实验台上24h后,测量试件高度为l2;
(5)将试件放入与沥青路面使用温度一致的环境箱中保温1h,使试件充分形状回复,采用光学显微镜观察回复情况,测量回复后试件高度为l3;
(6)计算改性杜仲胶的形状固定率和形状回复率评价其形状记忆性能,其中,采用(40-l2)/(40-l1)计算形状固定率,采用(l3-l2)/(40-l2)计算形状回复率,并在此基础上,进一步优化改性杜仲胶配方。
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CN112284904A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-29 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种热塑性硫化胶压缩模式下形状记忆行为的表征方法 |
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