CN110346454B - Concrete shallow surface layer ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete shallow surface layer ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on an arrayed ultrasonic seismic source, which is realized by a seismic source device and a receiving device; the method comprises three stages of data acquisition, data processing and shallow surface shear wave velocity calculation: data acquisition: before starting data acquisition, firstly determining a detection area, carrying out area grid division on a surface to be detected according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions; scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all the point positions are scanned; the data processing comprises signal coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity calculation; and calculating the transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer according to the data processing result, and judging whether the shallow surface layer below the test area has defects or not. The method extracts the surface wave phase velocity through phase analysis, estimates the average transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer of the concrete medium according to the surface wave phase velocity, and detects and identifies the defect area of the shallow surface layer of the concrete based on the corresponding relation between the transverse wave velocity and the hardness of the medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a concrete shallow surface layer ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on an arrayed ultrasonic seismic source.
Background
With the continuous and stable forward development of economy in China, the national infrastructure construction strength is gradually strengthened, a high-speed (passenger special line)/heavy haul railway and a highway are respectively the main directions of the development of the road traffic of railways and highways, and the grade, scale and number of newly-built railways and highway tunnels are gradually increased year by year. In tunnel engineering, concrete is one of main structural materials of buildings, the concrete is a multiphase composite system, all phases are randomly interwoven together to form a very complicated internal structure, the damage of the concrete is inevitable, the damage of the concrete comprises physical processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, fire and water erosion and chemical processes such as carbonization and steel bar corrosion, the defects of delaminations, honeycombs, cavities and the like occur in the concrete, particularly on a shallow surface layer, the bearing capacity of a concrete member is reduced, and the structural safety problem is caused. Therefore, the method is particularly critical to the nondestructive detection of concrete. At present, the methods applied to the nondestructive testing of concrete mainly comprise an ultrasonic method, an electromagnetic method, infrared and the like. The ultrasonic wave has strong penetration capability to concrete and high detection precision, so the ultrasonic wave is widely applied to the detection of the internal defects of the concrete.
In concrete structures such as tunnel segments, bridge floors, pillars, highways and other infrastructure, because the surfaces of the concrete structures are affected by salt corrosion, overload, freeze-thaw cycles, expansion with heat and contraction with cold of a steel bar structure and the like, the shallow surface layer is easy to deform in different degrees, and further the defects of delamination, cavities and the like are formed in the concrete, as shown in fig. 1, if the concrete structures cannot be found and repaired in time, the main body structures of the steel bar concrete are damaged, and serious safety accidents are caused.
At present, the conventional concrete shallow surface layer nondestructive testing method at home and abroad is a towline method. The drag chain method refers to a test method performed using a custom chain tool. The operator drags the region to be tested with a chain tool consisting of one or more steel chains connected to a handle, and determines the damage condition of the superficial layer based on the sound emitted by the chain and whether the dragging is smooth. Clear sound means that no layering and holes appear, and hollow and drum-shaped sound means that layering and holes exist. The dragging chain can be smoothly dragged to represent that no obvious surface damage exists, and the dragging chain has stagnation feeling and blocking feeling to represent that the surface damage exists.
The conventional detection method, namely the drag chain method, has the defects of two aspects, namely, the drag chain method is seriously restricted by the external environment and cannot detect the reinforced concrete structure with the asphalt covering layer; areas to be detected, such as the body and the top of a bridge opening, the wall surface of a concrete building and the like, which cannot drag the chain cannot be detected; when in detection, strict traffic control is required, and traffic noise cannot occur; on the other hand, due to the limitation of the size of the chain and the sensitivity of acoustic feedback, the precision is relatively low and can only reach the meter level, and the judgment standard is too subjective and is completely determined by technicians according to experience, so that the result stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a concrete shallow surface ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on an arrayed ultrasonic seismic source.
The technology provided by the invention can detect the defects of the shallow surface layer of the concrete member under the condition of no destructive property, and determine whether the structural defects exist in the test area or not by calculating and analyzing the transverse wave speed, thereby improving the detection precision, reducing the detection cost and reducing the maintenance cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the concrete shallow surface layer ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources is realized by a seismic source device and a receiving device;
the seismic source device comprises a contact type ultrasonic probe, and the contact type ultrasonic probe is directly contacted with the surface of a measured object during detection;
the receiving device comprises two ultrasonic receiving probes: the distance between the probe A and the probe B and the seismic source is Xcm and Ycm respectively;
the whole detection method comprises three stages of data acquisition, data processing and shallow surface shear wave velocity calculation:
data acquisition:
before starting data acquisition, firstly determining a detection area, carrying out area grid division on a surface to be detected according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions;
then starting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe to acquire data, moving from left to right grid by grid along a first horizontal grid line, scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all point positions in the area are scanned completely;
the data processing comprises signal coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity calculation;
and calculating the transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer according to the data processing result, and judging whether the shallow surface layer below the test area has defects or not.
As a preferable mode, X is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12; y is more than or equal to 18 and less than or equal to 22.
Preferably, the seismic source device adopts a contact type ultrasonic probe group, and the contact type ultrasonic probe group consists of 5 contact coupling type ultrasonic probes.
As a preferable mode, after the detection area is determined, safety inspection is carried out on the area to be detected and the periphery of the area to be detected, and construction safety is ensured.
Preferably, the signal coherence analysis: according to the coherence theory, two sets of signals are assumed: the A signal and the B signal are respectively as follows in the frequency domain: rA(f)，RB(f) The correlation function of the two is:
wherein S isA,B(f)＝RA(f)·R* B(f) Is a signal cross energy spectrum; gA(f)＝RA(f)·R* A(f)GB(f)＝RB(f)·R* B(f) The self-spectra of the A and B signals, respectively.
Preferably, the phase extraction is surface wave phase difference extraction, the cross energy spectrum of the A and B signals includes phase information, and the cross energy spectrum curve S is usedA,B(f) The surface wave phase difference Φ corresponding to each frequency can be extracted, that is:
preferably, the average surface wave velocity is calculated by: the time of the surface wave propagating between the two probes can be calculated according to the phase difference of the surface wave:
the surface wave velocity is:
wherein d is the distance between the probes AB;
the array type combined ultrasonic source is adopted, the signal transmitting device consists of 5 probes, and the probes are named as follows according to the sequence from near to far from a receiving point: s1～S5(ii) a All probes sequentially excite ultrasonic pulses in turn in the measurement process, so that 5 groups of data can be obtained by measuring one point position once, and 5 surface wave speeds V can be calculatedR1～VR5Respectively correspond to the seismic source probe number S1～S5: considering the attenuation of signal energy with distance, 5 surface wave velocities are weighted and averaged by increasing attenuation factors, and then the average surface wave velocity is:
wherein VRiIs the ith surface wave velocity; kappaiThe attenuation factor corresponding to the ith source probe.
Preferably, in actual calculations, the setting of the attenuation factor should decrease as the distance between the source probe and the receiving probe increases, and the default setting is:
| probe numbering | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 |
| Attenuation factor | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 |
。
Preferably, the shallow surface transverse wave velocity is calculated as follows: the relation between the medium surface wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity is given according to the formula:
wherein ν is the poisson ratio of the dielectric material;
by comparing the calculated transverse wave velocity with the standard transverse wave velocity in the medium, whether a defect exists in the shallow surface layer of the test area between the two probes can be judged.
Preferably, when the measured transverse wave velocity is 20% or more lower than the standard value, it is judged that the shallow surface layer below the test region has a defect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ultrasonic surface wave detection technology provided by the invention utilizes the characteristics of large energy and weak attenuation of ultrasonic surface waves, extracts the surface wave phase velocity through phase analysis, estimates the average transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer of the concrete medium according to the surface wave phase velocity, and detects and identifies the defect area of the shallow surface layer of the concrete based on the corresponding relation between the transverse wave velocity and the hardness of the medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shallow skin defect of a concrete member;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic surface wave detection system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an arrayed ultrasonic probe;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the coherence of the signals received by the two probes;
FIG. 5 is a data collection and processing flow.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for detecting the ultrasonic surface wave of the concrete shallow surface layer based on the arrayed ultrasonic sources is implemented by a source device and a receiving device;
the seismic source device comprises a contact type ultrasonic probe, and the contact type ultrasonic probe is directly contacted with the surface of a measured object during detection;
the receiving device comprises two ultrasonic receiving probes: probe A and probe B, which are respectively at Xcm and Ycm (shown in FIG. 2) from the seismic source;
the whole detection method comprises three stages of data acquisition, data processing and shallow surface shear wave velocity calculation:
data acquisition:
before starting data acquisition, firstly determining a detection area, carrying out area grid division on a surface to be detected according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions;
then starting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe to acquire data, moving from left to right grid by grid along a first horizontal grid line, scanning each point position in sequence (scanning point by point), and repeating the process until all point positions in the area are scanned completely;
the data processing comprises signal coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity calculation;
and calculating the transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer according to the data processing result, and judging whether the shallow surface layer below the test area has defects or not.
In a preferred embodiment, 8 ≦ X ≦ 12; 18 < Y < 22, more preferably, X-10 and Y-20.
In a preferred embodiment, the seismic source device adopts a contact type ultrasonic probe group, the contact type ultrasonic probe group consists of 5 contact coupling type ultrasonic probes, each row of probes are used as transmitting ends in turn to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals, and 5 times of measurement data can be acquired through one round of transmission. Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the distance between adjacent contact ultrasonic vibrator sources or contact ultrasonic probes is 1 cm. And a damping strip is arranged beside the probe.
In a preferred embodiment, after the detection area is determined, safety inspection is carried out on the area to be detected and the periphery of the area to be detected, so that construction safety is ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, the two probes receive homologous signals, which theoretically should have strong coherence, but there are many interference factors in the actual medium, which may reduce the coherence of the signals and affect the data quality, so before performing data processing analysis, first, coherent analysis is performed on two groups of data, and the data of the frequency band with higher coherence is selected for processing analysis. Signal coherence analysis: according to the coherence theory, two sets of signals are assumed: the A signal and the B signal are respectively as follows in the frequency domain: rA(f)，RB(f) The correlation function of the two is:
wherein S isA,B(f)＝RA(f)·R* B(f) Is a signal cross energy spectrum; gA(f)＝RA(f)·R* A(f)GB(f)＝RB(f)·R* B(f) Self-spectra of the A and B signals, respectively, and the signal correlation curve is shown in FIG. 4;
the signal parameters were determined as follows:
| parameter name | Numerical value |
| Frequency of |
30～40KHz |
| Number of pulse cycles | 0.5～5 |
| Sampling frequency | 50MHz～200MHz |
。
In a preferred embodiment, the phase extraction is surface wave phase difference extraction, the cross energy spectrum of the A and B signals contains phase information, and the cross energy spectrum curve S is usedA,B(f) The surface wave phase difference Φ corresponding to each frequency can be extracted, that is:
in a preferred embodiment, the average surface wave velocity is calculated as: the time of the surface wave propagating between the two probes can be calculated according to the phase difference of the surface wave:
the surface wave velocity is:
wherein d is the distance between the probes AB;
the array type combined ultrasonic source is adopted, the signal transmitting device consists of 5 probes, and the probes are named as follows according to the sequence from near to far from a receiving point: s1～S5(ii) a All probes sequentially excite ultrasonic pulses in turn in the measurement process, so that 5 groups of data can be obtained by measuring one point position once, and 5 surface wave speeds V can be calculatedR1～VR5Respectively correspond to the seismic source probe number S1～S5: considering the attenuation of signal energy with distance, 5 surface wave velocities are weighted and averaged by increasing attenuation factors, and then the average surface wave velocity is:
wherein VRiIs the ith surface wave velocity; kappaiThe attenuation factor corresponding to the ith source probe.
In a preferred embodiment, in actual calculations, the setting of the attenuation factor should decrease as the distance between the source probe and the receiving probe increases, with default settings:
| probe numbering | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 |
| Attenuation factor | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 |
。
In a preferred embodiment, shallow skin cross-wave velocity is calculated as: the relation between the medium surface wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity is given according to the formula:
wherein ν is the poisson ratio of the dielectric material;
in engineering, the transverse wave velocity is an important index for evaluating the hardness degree of a medium, when a cavity or delamination occurs in the medium to be tested, the average hardness of the medium is reduced, and the corresponding transverse wave velocity is reduced, so that whether a defect exists in the superficial layer of a test area between two probes can be judged by comparing the calculated transverse wave velocity with a standard transverse wave velocity value in the medium.
In a preferred embodiment, the transverse wave velocity V in the concrete at normal temperatureSAbout 2400m/s, when the measured transverse wave velocity is lower than the standard value by more than 20%, the existence of defects in the shallow surface layer below the test area can be judged.
The embodiment of the invention has the advantages that:
1. the surface wave velocity propagated on the shallow surface of the detection area is extracted by utilizing the characteristics of large ultrasonic surface wave energy and low attenuation, the average transverse wave velocity is further calculated, the average transverse wave velocity is used as an index to determine the suspected defect area, the detection mode judged by manual experience in the past is improved to a standardized data identification mode, the identification capability of the defect area is enhanced, and the detection precision is improved.
2. The array type ultrasonic seismic source device has the advantages that the array probes excite ultrasonic pulses in turn, one point location is excited in multiple rounds, multiple times of measurement are realized, the average value of the multiple times of measurement is used as the actual measurement value of the point location, the random measurement error is reduced, and the stability of the detection result is greatly improved.
The technology is developed based on an ultrasonic surface wave technology, has higher identification capacity on a defect area compared with a traditional drag chain method, has the precision reaching centimeter level, and is suitable for the shallow surface layer fine detection of a concrete member. The ultrasonic frequency of the seismic source used for detection is 30KHz-40KHz, which is far higher than the external noise frequency, so that the method has strong anti-interference capability and good environmental adaptability. The medium shallow surface layer structure abnormity is analyzed through the shallow surface layer average transverse wave velocity, and then a defect area is determined, so that the method is more accurate and objective than a manual experience judgment method, and a detection result is more stable.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The concrete shallow surface layer ultrasonic surface wave detection method based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is realized by a seismic source device and a receiving device;
the seismic source device comprises a contact type ultrasonic probe, and the contact type ultrasonic probe is directly contacted with the surface of a measured object during detection;
the receiving device comprises two ultrasonic receiving probes: the distance between the probe A and the probe B and the seismic source is Xcm and Ycm respectively;
the whole detection method comprises three stages of data acquisition, data processing and shallow surface shear wave velocity calculation:
data acquisition:
before starting data acquisition, firstly determining a detection area, carrying out area grid division on a surface to be detected according to the requirement of detection horizontal resolution, and determining all scanning point positions;
then starting a transmitting probe and a receiving probe to acquire data, moving from left to right grid by grid along a first horizontal grid line, scanning on each point in sequence, and repeating the process until all point positions in the area are scanned completely;
the data processing comprises signal coherence analysis, phase extraction and average surface wave velocity calculation;
signal coherence analysis: according to the coherence theory, two sets of signals are assumed: the A signal and the B signal are respectively as follows in the frequency domain: rA(f)，RB(f) The correlation function of the two is:
wherein S isA,B(f)＝RA(f)·R* B(f) Is a signal cross energy spectrum; gA(f)＝RA(f)·R* A(f)， GB(f)＝RB(f)·R* B(f) Self-spectra of the A and B signals respectively;
the phase extraction is surface wave phase difference extraction, the cross energy spectrum of the A and B signals contains phase information, and a cross energy spectrum curve S is utilizedA,B(f) The surface wave phase difference Φ corresponding to each frequency can be extracted, that is:
calculating the average surface wave velocity: the time of the surface wave propagating between the two probes can be calculated according to the phase difference of the surface wave:
the surface wave velocity is:
wherein d is the distance between the probes AB;
the array type combined ultrasonic source is adopted, the signal transmitting device consists of 5 probes, and the probes are named as follows according to the sequence from near to far from a receiving point: s1～S5(ii) a All probes sequentially excite ultrasonic pulses in turn in the measurement process, so that 5 groups of data can be obtained by measuring one point position once, and 5 surface wave speeds V can be calculatedR1～VR5Respectively correspond to the seismic source probe number S1～S5: considering the attenuation of signal energy with distance, 5 surface wave velocities are weighted and averaged by increasing attenuation factors, and then the average surface wave velocity is:
wherein VRiIs the ith surface wave velocity; kappaiThe attenuation factor corresponding to the ith seismic source probe;
and calculating the transverse wave velocity of the shallow surface layer according to the data processing result, and judging whether the shallow surface layer below the test area has defects or not.
2. The method for detecting the ultrasonic surface waves of the concrete shallow surface layer based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: x is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 12; y is more than or equal to 18 and less than or equal to 22.
3. The method for detecting the ultrasonic surface waves of the concrete shallow surface layer based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seismic source device adopts a contact type ultrasonic probe group, and the contact type ultrasonic probe group consists of 5 contact coupling type ultrasonic probes.
4. The method for detecting the ultrasonic surface waves of the concrete shallow surface layer based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the detection area is determined, safety inspection is carried out on the area to be detected and the periphery of the area to be detected, and construction safety is guaranteed.
5. The method for detecting the concrete shallow surface ultrasonic waves based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources according to claim 1, wherein in actual calculation, the setting of the attenuation factor is decreased as the distance between the seismic source probe and the receiving probe is increased, and the default setting is as follows:
。
6. The method for detecting the concrete shallow surface ultrasonic waves based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources according to claim 5, wherein the shallow surface transverse wave velocity is calculated by: the relation between the medium surface wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity is given according to the formula:
wherein ν is the poisson ratio of the dielectric material;
by comparing the calculated transverse wave velocity with the standard transverse wave velocity in the medium, whether a defect exists in the shallow surface layer of the test area between the two probes can be judged.
7. The ultrasonic surface wave detection method for the concrete shallow surface layer based on the arrayed ultrasonic seismic sources as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the measured transverse wave velocity is lower than a standard value by more than 20%, the existence of the defect in the shallow surface layer below the test area can be determined.
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| CN112924542A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-08 | 中南大学 | Method and device for measuring strength quality of rock, concrete and filling body, server and readable storage medium |
| CN113030273B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-09-30 | 江西凯润达精密仪器有限公司 | Application method of concrete strain detection system based on ultrasonic transverse waves |
| CN113340727B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-11 | 机械工业第九设计研究院股份有限公司 | Device and method for nondestructive testing of mechanical parameters of building concrete |
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