CN110337975B - Method for improving grafting survival rate of Eucalyptus macrocarpa - Google Patents
Method for improving grafting survival rate of Eucalyptus macrocarpa Download PDFInfo
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- CN110337975B CN110337975B CN201910616938.9A CN201910616938A CN110337975B CN 110337975 B CN110337975 B CN 110337975B CN 201910616938 A CN201910616938 A CN 201910616938A CN 110337975 B CN110337975 B CN 110337975B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the grafting survival rate of eucalyptus closterium, which comprises the steps of (1) cultivating a scion stock plant, and (2) cultivating a robust scion; (3) pre-treating the ear strips; (4) scion cutting, grafting and the like, particularly, the top buds at the position of 0.3cm in diameter of the primary branch are cut off and removed, so that the germination of axillary buds is promoted, and the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus grandis is improved. The scion is trimmed in advance, and the scion is cut off for grafting after axillary buds of the scion germinate, so that the grafting survival rate is remarkably improved, the defects of the prior art are overcome, (the method is simple to operate, the obtained scion is thick and strong, the axillary bud germination effect is good, the grafting cost can be effectively saved by adopting and following the grafting, and the grafting survival rate is high and can reach more than 60.0 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grafting technology, in particular to a method for improving the grafting survival rate of Eucalyptus robusta
Background
Eucalyptus is an important afforestation tree species of industrial artificial forests in south China, the area of the eucalyptus artificial forest in China reaches 450 ten thousand hm2 and occupies about 2 percent of the forest area in China as of 2015, wood produced for China in the same year exceeds 3000 ten thousand m3 and occupies 26.9 percent of the wood yield in the whole country, the rapid development of the eucalyptus artificial forest relieves the contradiction between supply and demand of wood in China, effectively guarantees the safety of wood in China, improves the carbon sink of the forest and makes important contribution to the promotion of the employment income increase of forest farmers and the improvement of ecological environmental benefits. However, most of eucalyptus artificial forests are pure forests, the tree species are single, the structure is simple, the rotation period is short, the artificial interference to the forest land is frequent, and the social problems caused by the eucalyptus also attract wide attention along with the large-scale planting of the eucalyptus. Under the background of comprehensively protecting natural forests and accelerating the construction of a timber strategic storage base in China at present, strengthening forest land development planning, adjusting development layout, changing operation modes, adjusting forest stand structures, increasing the variety of eucalyptus forestation strains, prolonging the growth cycle of forest stands, cultivating high-quality sawn timber species and the like are all problems which need to be considered and solved in future development of eucalyptus.
Eucalyptus cloeziana (Eucalyptus cloeziana), also called Eucalyptus Queenslanensis, is the only tree species of Eucalyptus Queenslanensis subfamily of the genus Eucalyptus. The eucalyptus globulus is naturally distributed in Australia, the height of the eucalyptus globulus is usually 35-40 m, and the diameter of the eucalyptus globulus reaches 1-2 m. The eucalyptus grandis is hard and durable, straight in texture and uniform in structure, is a good sawn timber, is suitable for cultivating large-diameter timber, and is widely applied to ore pillars, buildings, furniture, pittings, sleepers and the like. The introduction tests of Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan in China all show better quick growth and adaptability. With the large-scale planting of the eucalyptus grandis, the problem of shortage of improved varieties is particularly urgent to solve. Establishing seed gardens is the most basic way to meet the demand for good quality seeds in production. At present, a great-inflorescence eucalyptus provenance/family test forest is selected to be excellent, branches of superior trees are collected to be grafted, and a clone seed garden is established, but the grafting survival rate is low and is only about 10.0%, and the construction process of the seed garden is seriously hindered. Therefore, the method has important significance for solving the problem of low grafting survival rate by exploring a new grafting method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for improving the grafting survival rate of eucalyptus grandis;
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus grandis comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the scion stock plant: collecting branches of superior eucalyptus grandis trees, grafting, transplanting the branches into living grafted seedlings, and culturing by adopting a non-woven fabric seedling-raising bag for 6-12 months to obtain scion stock plants;
(2) cultivating robust ear strips: cutting off the top when the stock plant grows to 1-1.5m high, pruning weak branches, small branches and side branches, only reserving 1-grade branches, and culturing to obtain robust scion;
(3) pre-treating the scion strips: selecting branches with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests on leaves and strong growth, and cutting off the branches at the position with the diameter of 0.3cm to remove terminal buds and promote the germination of the axillary buds;
(4) cutting spike strips: and (3) after the terminal buds are cut off for about 4-6 days, the axillary buds are slightly raised, scion strips are cut when the buds are about to break cocoons and come out, the scion strips are cut until no axillary buds sprout, observation is continued, scion strips are cut continuously after the axillary buds sprout to be raised, and grafting is directly performed after scion strips are cut each time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the scion is trimmed in advance, and is cut off for grafting after axillary buds of the scion germinate, so that the grafting survival rate is remarkably improved, and the defects of the prior art are overcome. (1) The method is simple to operate, and the obtained scion is thick and strong, and the axillary bud germination effect is good; (2) the invention can be adopted and grafted at any time, thus effectively saving the grafting cost; (3) the grafting survival rate is high and reaches more than 60.0 percent.
Further, the aperture of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag in the step (1) is larger than 40cm, and the height of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is larger than 30 cm.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: is favorable for cultivating a robust mother plant.
Further, the branch with the diameter larger than 0.3cm at the position of the length 2/3 of the first-level branch in the step (2) is a robust ear.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the branches are thick and strong, the bud points of the branches can be plump, and trimming and binding are facilitated.
Further, in the step (3), cutting off terminal buds at the position where the diameter of the scion is larger than 0.3cm, cutting off the scion terminal buds 4-6 days before grafting, and promoting the germination of axillary buds.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients and promotes the germination of axillary buds.
Further, the ear strips in the step (4) comprise at least 2 about to sprout axillary buds.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: limiting the ear to contain at least 2 about to sprout axillary buds is beneficial to the survival of the grafted seedling.
Further, the grafting time in the step (4) is 3-4 months per year.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the temperature is increased, the plants enter a growth period, and grafting is carried out in 3-4 months, so that grafting survival is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus grandis,
collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top of a mother plant when the mother plant grows to 1m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-level branches, and obtaining robust scion with the diameter of more than 0.3cm at the position 2/3 of the branch in a cultivation period of 6 months.
In 3 months and 6 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and a top bud part is cut off at a position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
On the 7 th day after the pretreatment,
2 axillary buds which are slightly convex and are about to sprout are selected as a scion, grafting is carried out, and the scion is grafted along with collection.
Example 2
Collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top when a stock plant grows to the height of 1.2m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-stage branches, and obtaining robust scions with the diameter of more than 0.35cm at the position 2/3 parts of the branches in a cultivation period of 8 months.
In 3 months and 6 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and a top bud part is cut off at a position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
And on the 7 th day after pretreatment, selecting 2 slightly convex axillary buds to be germinated as a scion, grafting, and collecting and grafting the scion.
Example 3
Collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top when a stock plant grows to the height of 1.2m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-stage branches, and obtaining robust scions with the diameter of more than 0.38cm at the position 2/3 parts of the branches in the cultivation period of 10 months.
In 3 months and 5 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and the top bud part is cut off at the position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
On the 6 th day after pretreatment, 2 axillary buds which are slightly convex and are about to sprout are selected as a scion, grafting is carried out, and the scion is picked and grafted at any time.
Example 4
Collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top when a stock plant grows to the height of 1.2m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-stage branches, and obtaining robust scions with the diameter of more than 0.42cm at the position 2/3 parts of the branches in the cultivation period of 12 months.
In 3 months and 5 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and the top bud part is cut off at the position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
On the 6 th day after pretreatment, 2 axillary buds which are slightly convex and are about to sprout are selected as a scion, grafting is carried out, and the scion is picked and grafted at any time.
Example 5
Collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top when a stock plant grows to the height of 1.5m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-stage branches, and obtaining robust scions with the diameter of more than 0.42cm at the position 2/3 parts of the branches in the cultivation period of 12 months.
In the month of 4 and 4 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and a top bud part is cut off at a position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
On the 5 th day after pretreatment, 2 axillary buds which are slightly convex and are about to sprout are selected as a scion, grafting is carried out, and the scion is picked and grafted at any time.
Example 6
Collecting branches of the eucalyptus robusta superior tree with the major inflorescence from the field for grafting, selecting well-healed grafted seedlings, transplanting the well-healed grafted seedlings into a non-woven bag with the caliber of 40cm and the height of 30cm for cultivation, cutting off the top when a stock plant grows to the height of 1.2m, trimming off small branches, weak branches and side branches, only keeping the first-stage branches, and obtaining robust scions with the diameter of more than 0.38cm at the position 2/3 parts of the branches in the cultivation period of 10 months.
In the month of 4 and 4 days before grafting, a branch with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth is selected, and a top bud part is cut off at a position with the diameter of about 0.3cm, so that the axillary buds of the branch are kept to sprout.
On the 5 th day after pretreatment, 2 axillary buds which are slightly convex and are about to sprout are selected as a scion, grafting is carried out, and the scion is picked and grafted at any time.
Examples 1-6 comparison of the survival rate of grafts of pretreated scions to untreated scions, 60 grafts per treatment, 2 months after grafting, and the number of survivals investigated, see table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the average grafting survival rate of the pretreated scion reaches 63.9%, while the average grafting survival rate of the non-pretreated scion is only 11.9%.
TABLE 1 survival rate of pre-treated and non-pre-treated grafting of big inflorescence eucalyptus scion
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the grafting survival rate of Eucalyptus macrocephala is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivating the scion stock plant: collecting branches of superior eucalyptus grandis trees, grafting, transplanting the branches into living grafted seedlings, and culturing by adopting a non-woven fabric seedling-raising bag for 6-12 months to obtain scion stock plants;
(2) cultivating robust ear strips: cutting off the top when the stock plant grows to 1-1.5m high, pruning weak branches, small branches and side branches, only reserving first-level branches, and culturing to obtain robust scion;
(3) pre-treating the scion strips: selecting branches with plump axillary buds, no plant diseases and insect pests on leaves and strong growth, and cutting off the branches at the position with the diameter of 0.3cm to remove terminal buds and promote the germination of the axillary buds;
(4) cutting spike strips: 4-6 days after the terminal buds are cut off, the axillary buds are slightly raised, scion strips are cut when the buds are about to break cocoons and come out until no axillary buds sprout, observation is continued, scion strips are cut continuously after the axillary buds sprout to be raised, and grafting is directly carried out after scion strips are cut each time.
2. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus grandis according to claim 1, wherein the caliber of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag in the step (1) is more than 40cm, and the height of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is more than 30 cm.
3. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus grandis according to claim 1, wherein the branch with the diameter of more than 0.3cm at the position of 2/3 primary branch lengths in the step (2) is a robust scion.
4. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus robusta as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) of removing the terminal buds is to remove the terminal buds 4-6 days before grafting so as to promote the germination of axillary buds.
5. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of Eucalyptus robusta according to claim 1, wherein the scion wood in step (4) comprises at least 2 about to sprout axillary buds.
6. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the eucalyptus robusta as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting time of the grafting in the step (4) is 3-4 months per year.
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| CN101313656B (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2012-08-15 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Light groundmass mesh bag container cutting propagation method for plants such as eucalyptus |
| JP2012100568A (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-31 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Method for producing rooted cutting of eucalyptus globulus |
| CN103703997B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Reproduction method for improving eucalyptus cutting rooting rate and scion strip utilization rate |
| CN104488575A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Eucalyptus cloeziana grafting method |
| CN107114182B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-06-23 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | Eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and eucalyptus seed garden |
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