CN110336137A - A kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and its design method - Google Patents
A kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and its design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110336137A CN110336137A CN201910675021.6A CN201910675021A CN110336137A CN 110336137 A CN110336137 A CN 110336137A CN 201910675021 A CN201910675021 A CN 201910675021A CN 110336137 A CN110336137 A CN 110336137A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and its design methods, H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) including impedance matching lens Yu loading waveguide extension, the waveguide extension that caliber size together is connected at the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore is used to blocked impedance and matches lens；The waveguide extension segment length is equal with impedance matching lens width, matches lens to blocked impedance and its side is completely covered.Cylindrical wave is given off from the electromagnetic wave signal of signal source forcing by H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), is then corrected through impedance matching lens phase, is changed into equiphase surface perpendicular to the two-dimensional surface wave of the direction of propagation, is finally radiated to free space.The advantages that lens antenna has working band wide, and small, high gain is lost, and far field directionality is good, and minor level is low, and size is small, can work normally in X-band, have very high practical value in magnetography and communication aspects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antennas, belong to novel artificial electromagnetic device applications and its design
Method.
Background technique
Antenna is to measure an important finger of its performance as a kind of device effectively received with radiated electromagnetic wave, directionality
Mark.Traditional H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) radiated wave is cylindrical surface waveshape, and there are larger phases with fringe region for central radiation region
Deviation, directionality are poor.The effect of lens is to correct the phase front from radiation source, the phase at reduction wavefront center and edge
Position deviation, improves directionality.Compared to traditional antenna, lens antenna controllable parameter is more, medium, shape and burnt diameter ratio of lens etc.
All adjustable, flexible design, shape tolerance is big；The insertion phase of changeable wave, completes special phase front in optical system
Amendment, widens the bandwidth etc. of scanning antenna.Therefore, lens antenna is widely used in satellite communication system, millimetre-wave radar is surveyed
The fields such as amount and imaging system even biomedicine.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is realizing that one kind has directional beam in the face H, the face E has the resistance of omni-beam
Anti- matching high-gain lens antenna.The antenna should have working band wide, and small, high gain is lost, and far field directionality is good, minor lobe electricity
Put down the features such as low.
Technical solution: for achieving the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, the face H including impedance matching lens and loading waveguide extension are fan-shaped
Electromagnetic horn, the waveguide extension of connection caliber size together, the waveguide extension at the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore
Length is equal with impedance matching lens thickness, and impedance matching lens are embedded in waveguide extension, side and waveguide extension
Inner sidewall is fixedly connected.
Optionally, the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) size with the impedance matching index of refraction in lens of loading waveguide extension are distributed phase
It closes, specific size is obtained according to impedance matching lens design formula.
Optionally, the variation of decreases in non-linear rule is presented by central point around for the distribution of the impedance matching index of refraction in lens, thoroughly
Mirror surrounding refractive index is 1.
Optionally, impedance matching lens include multiple basic cell structures, according to the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens
The corresponding arrangement of distribution has the basic cell structure of same equivalent refractive index size, and basic cell structure center etching is cylindrical
Through-hole is become larger with aperture R by changing aperture R size to change the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction, cellular construction it is equivalent
Refractive index is closer to air.
Optionally, basic cell structure is isotropic structure.
Optionally, cellular construction is realized using the material of three kinds of dielectric constants, is permittivity ε respectivelyr=7, loss
The TP-2 of angle tangent σ=0.03, permittivity εr=4.3, the FR-4 and permittivity ε of loss angle tangent σ=0.025r=2.2
The F4B of loss angle tangent σ=0.001.
The present invention also provides a kind of design methods of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, comprising the following steps:
(1) H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) for designing loading waveguide extension, according to the index distribution of impedance matching lens
The caliber size and focal length length of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is rationally arranged in calculation method, to guarantee the complete of impedance matching lens
Fixed, the length for setting H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) waveguide extension is equal with impedance matching lens width；
(2) impedance matching lens are designed, according to the length of the caliber size of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) and waveguide extension
Degree, combined impedance match the calculation method of the index distribution of lens, obtain the overall refractive index distribution of impedance matching lens；
(3) basic cell structure of impedance matching lens is designed, which etches cylindrical hole, leads to
Change aperture R size is crossed, to change the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction；According to the distribution pair of the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens
Should arrange the basic unit with same equivalent refractive index size, to constitute final impedance matching lens；
(4) impedance matching lens are completely embedded into the waveguide extension of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) front end, constitute impedance
With high-gain lens antenna.
Further, the calculation method of the index distribution of entire impedance matching lens are as follows: according to Fermat's theorem, any light
Line is from point source, until the light path that lens surface passes through is identical；Therefore, have:
Assuming that lens are variation, above formula transformation on x and the direction y are as follows:
As Δ y → 0, above formula simplifies are as follows:
After being integrated to y, become:
It is obvious that the left side of equation is the function of variable y and geometric parameter t, therefore the equation left side is further simplified are as follows:
If lens only change in the y-direction, index distribution are as follows:
Index of refraction in lens distribution is also linear change in the x-direction, then:
Wherein, nmaxIt is the maximum value of the index of refraction in lens；
Wherein:
nmax=2n (y) -1 (9)；
Therefore, are given by suitable parameter, is just obtained according to equation (7)-(9) for the impedance matching lens of two dimension variation
The index distribution of entire impedance matching lens.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, be lost small: the present invention is made of impedance matching lens and the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) of loading waveguide extension,
It is 1 that middle impedance, which matches lens surrounding refractive index, does not need additional designs matching layer, can be reduced with free space perfect matching
Reflection of the electromagnetic wave in lens surface.
2, far field directionality is good: compared to H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), the present invention is modified electromagnetic wave Wave-front phase,
Outgoing electromagnetic wave is plane wave, thus its far field directionality improves.
3, high gain, minor level are low: compared to H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), under the conditions of identical bore face, the present invention increases
Benefit significantly improves, and the lobe width in the face H narrows, and minor level significantly reduces, and the face E has preferable omni-directional.
4, size is small: compared to traditional optimal electromagnetic horn in the face H, under the conditions of identical bore face, phase center of the present invention
To bore identity distance from shorter.
5, working band is wide: the present invention is process by isotropic material, insensitive to electromagnetic wave incident direction, is had
Very wide operating bandwidth.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle design drawing of impedance matching lens；
Fig. 2 is the refractive index profile of impedance matching lens；
Fig. 3 is the cellular construction figure of impedance matching lens；
Fig. 4 is change curve of the impedance matching lens cell structure equivalent refractive index with punching radius.From high to low three
Bar line respectively represents TP-2, tri- kinds of materials of FR-4, F4B；
Fig. 5 is the overall schematic of impedance matching lens；
Fig. 6 is the near field distribution figure of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna)；
Fig. 7 is the near field distribution figure of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna；
Fig. 8 is the near field distribution figure for loading the H-plane lens antenna of ordinary lens；
Fig. 9 is the phase distribution figure on lens antenna bore face；Solid line is the phase distribution of impedance matching high-gain lens,
Dotted line is the phase distribution for loading the H-plane lens antenna of ordinary lens；
Figure 10 is the far-field pattern (face H) of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna)；Solid line represents simulation result, and dotted line represents test
As a result；
Figure 11 is the far-field pattern (face H) of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna；Solid line represents simulation result, dotted line generation
Table test result；
Figure 12 is impedance matching high-gain lens antenna S11 test result figure；
Figure 13 is far-field pattern (face E) test result figure；Solid line represents impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, dotted line generation
Table H-plane sectoral horn (antenna)；
Figure 14 is the gain test figure of X-wave band autenna；Square line represents impedance matching lens high-gain aerial, line of dots generation
Table H-plane sectoral horn (antenna).
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with Figure of description combined with specific embodiments below.
A kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, the face H including impedance matching lens and loading waveguide extension are fan-shaped
Electromagnetic horn, the waveguide extension of connection caliber size together, is used to blocked impedance at the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore
With lens；It is equal with impedance matching lens thickness that the waveguide extends segment length, to blocked impedance matching lens and by its side
Face is completely covered.Pass through H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) from the electromagnetic wave signal of signal source forcing, gives off cylindrical wave, cylindrical wave warp
Impedance matching lens are crossed, phase is corrected, and is changed into equiphase surface perpendicular to the two-dimensional surface wave of the direction of propagation, finally to certainly
It is radiated by space.Wherein for the impedance matching index of refraction in lens along the equal nonlinear change in the direction x, y, surrounding refractive index is 1, can be with freedom
Space perfect matching.The present invention has broadband, and small advantage is lost, can work normally in X-band.In X-band, compared to the face H
Sectoral horn (antenna), gain of the present invention increase, and improve range in 5.7-7.2dB.
Impedance matching lens include multiple basic cell structures, are calculated first according to the index distribution of impedance matching lens
Method obtains the index distribution of entire lens, has phase further according to the corresponding arrangement of overall refractive index distribution of impedance matching lens
With the basic unit of equivalent refractive index size, to constitute final impedance matching lens.Basic cell structure center etching
Cylindrical hole is become larger to change the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction with aperture R by changing aperture R size, cellular construction
Equivalent refractive index closer to air.
Impedance matching lens are using isotropic structure as basic unit.The present invention is used as using medium perforation structure should
The basic structural unit of lens.By etching cylindrical type through-hole to original medium block, and change aperture R size, to change unit
The equivalent refractive index of structure, to meet design requirement.Aperture R is roughlyd abide by with cellular construction equivalent refractive index variation relation: with
Aperture R becomes larger, and the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction is closer to air.The advantages of unit, is: 1. due to medium block size
Much smaller than wavelength, when designing the medium block of parameter and fitting together, discrete parameter distribution being capable of simulation nature material very well
The continuous parameter of material is distributed；2. since perforation structure is not to change its electromagnetic parameter using the principle of resonance, punching
The innate advantage that there is structure metal structure not have, such as broadband properties, low-loss etc.；3. perforation structure is as isotropic
Structural unit, electromagnetic property is consistent substantially on different directions, insensitive to the incident direction of electromagnetic wave, is applicable to big angle
Degree is incident.
A kind of design method of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, comprising the following steps:
(1) H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) for designing loading waveguide extension, according to the index distribution of impedance matching lens
The caliber size and focal length length of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is rationally arranged in calculation method, to guarantee the complete of impedance matching lens
Fixed, the length for setting H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) waveguide extension is equal with impedance matching lens width；
(2) impedance matching lens are designed, according to the length of the caliber size of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) and waveguide extension
Degree, combined impedance match the calculation method of the index distribution of lens, obtain the overall refractive index distribution of impedance matching lens；
(3) basic cell structure of impedance matching lens is designed, which etches cylindrical hole, leads to
Change aperture R size is crossed, to change the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction.According to the distribution pair of the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens
Should arrange the basic unit with same equivalent refractive index size, to constitute final impedance matching lens；
(4) impedance matching lens are completely embedded into the waveguide extension of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) front end, constitute impedance
With high-gain lens antenna.
The design schematic diagram of impedance matching lens is as shown in Figure 1, two-beam source is issued from point source, by planar lens, out
Ejected wave is plane wave.The then calculation method of the index distribution of entire impedance matching lens are as follows: according to Fermat's theorem, any light
From point source, until the light path that lens surface passes through is identical.Therefore, have:
Wherein, lens with a thickness of t, vertical range of the point source apart from impedance matching lens is f, n1For the refraction of air
Rate, n (x, y) are equivalent refractive index of the lens at position (x, y), l1, l2, l3, l4Respectively two-beam source is in lens two sides institute
The distance of process.
Different from traditional design method, it will be assumed that lens are variation, formula (1) transformation on x and the direction y
Are as follows:
As Δ y → 0, formula (2) simplifies are as follows:
After being integrated to y, become:
It is obvious that the left side of equation is the function of variable y and geometric parameter t, therefore the equation left side is further simplified are as follows:
If lens only change in the y-direction, index distribution are as follows:
One of feature of the lens is that refractive index is incremented to center, such as index of refraction in lens distribution from edge in the x-direction
In the x-direction and linear change, then:
Wherein, nmaxIt is the maximum value of the index of refraction in lens；
Wherein:
nmax=2n (y) -1 (9)；
Therefore, for the impedance matching lens of two dimension variation (refractive index changes along the direction x, y), according to equation (7)-
(9), suitable parameter is given, the index distribution of entire impedance matching lens can be obtained.It can by above-mentioned formula derivation
To find out, the variation of decreases in non-linear rule, surrounding refractive index are presented by central point around for the impedance matching index of refraction in lens
It is 1, does not need additional designs matching layer, it can be with free space perfect matching, hence it is evident that reduce the reflection of electromagnetic wave.
The H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) size of the loading waveguide extension is related to the distribution of the impedance matching index of refraction in lens,
Its specific size can be obtained according to impedance matching lens design formula (7)-(9).
It is saturating with a kind of impedance matching high-gain to further illustrate the impedance matching high-gain lens antenna design process
For the electromagnetic horn of the face mirror H, phase center of the focal length of impedance matching lens as 7 wavelength, with H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is set
It is equidistant to bore face；Length of lens is set as 10 wavelength, it is equal with electromagnetic horn H face electrical path length suitable for reading；Set impedance
Matching lens thickness is the waveguide extension equal length at 2 wavelength, with H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore face.Impedance matching
The face high-gain lens H electromagnetic horn specific performance parameter is specific as follows:
In order to verify the effect of impedance matching lens, we lengthen H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore face, with impedance matching
Lens group is combined together, and is emulated in business software CST.It chooses the long 300mm of lens (10 wavelength), wide 60mm (2 waves
It is long), antenna phase center to impedance matching aperture of lens identity distance is from for 210mm.The impedance matching index of refraction in lens distribution such as formula
(7) shown in, centre frequency 10GHz.In view of the realizability of device, largest refractive index n is chosenmax=2.6, impedance matching
The index distribution of lens is as shown in Figure 2.It is obvious that the refractive index of the lens is annularly distributed around by central point, most side
Edge refractive index is 1, can be with free space perfect matching.
Impedance matching lens are made of inhomogeneous medium.Characteristic based on material, being used as using medium perforation structure should
The basic structural unit of lens.As shown in figure 3, structural unit size a=3mm, about 1/10th wavelength.By to original Jie
Mass etches cylindrical type through-hole, and changes aperture R size, to change the dielectric constant of cellular construction, electromagnetism required for realizing
Characteristic.Aperture R is roughlyd abide by with cellular construction equivalent refractive index variation relation: becomes larger with aperture R, the equivalent refraction of cellular construction
Rate is closer to air.It is discrete when designing the medium block of parameter and fitting together since the size of medium block is much smaller than wavelength
Parameter distribution is capable of the continuous parameter distribution of fine simulation nature material.Secondly as perforation structure is not to utilize resonance
Principle change its electromagnetic parameter, therefore the innate advantage that there is perforation structure metal structure not have, such as broadband properties,
Low-loss etc..Most of all, perforation structure, as isotropic structural unit, electromagnetic property keeps one substantially on different directions
It causes, it is insensitive to the incident direction of electromagnetic wave, it is applicable to large angle incidence.
In order to cover the ranges of indices of refraction of 1-2.6, we have chosen the material of three kinds of dielectric constants to realize, are to be situated between respectively
Electric constant εr=7, the TP-2 of loss angle tangent σ=0.03, permittivity εr=4.3, the FR-4 of loss angle tangent σ=0.025,
And permittivity εrThe F4B of=2.2 loss angle tangent σ=0.001.In design process, function division has been carried out to three kinds of materials:
The part of relative dielectric constant 4 to 7 is by εr=7 TP-2, which is punched, to be realized；The part of relative dielectric constant 2.2 to 4 is by εr=4.3
FR-4 punch realize；Part of the relative dielectric constant between 1 and 2.2 is then by εr=2.2 F-4B, which is punched, to be realized.Three kinds
Material cell structure equivalent refractive index and the variation relation of aperture R size are as shown in Figure 4.As seen from the figure, even to εr=2.2
F-4B material punched, achieved minimum refractive index is also only 1.25 or so.So impedance matching lens outermost
Refractive index be not matched to 1, be only matched to 1.25, this can increase some extra reflections between lens and air.
Be limited to existing machining accuracy, the aperture of punching can only be the integral multiple of 0.05mm, so in process to aperture into
Further approximation is gone.
Whole emulation is carried out to the present invention using business software CST, structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 5.To verify impedance
With lens to the correcting action of cylindrical wave Wave-front phase, the near field distribution figure of antenna is analyzed using the field monitor in CST.Figure
6 be the near field distribution figure of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), it is clear that outgoing wave is cylindrical surface wave structure.Fig. 7 is loaded impedance matching lens
After, the near field distribution figure of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, since impedance matching lens are to the correcting action of Wave-front phase,
Cylindrical wave is effectively transformed for plane wave, and since rims of the lens impedance is approximately 1 at this time, so that incidence wave and back wave
Reflect very little.Fig. 8 is the near field distribution for loading the H-plane lens antenna of ordinary lens, the variations in refractive index of lens such as formula (6) institute
Show, the index of refraction in lens only changes in the y-direction, remains unchanged in direction of wave travel (direction x).Therefore compared to of the invention (Fig. 7),
Ordinary lens (Fig. 8) incidence wave and back wave all have larger reflection.Further to compare, we be made that on the direction x away from
From the phase change curve graph of electric field in the y-direction at the 30mm of bore face, as shown in Figure 9.Solid line represents the phase of impedance matching lens
Bit distribution, dotted line represent the electric field phase distribution of ordinary lens.It is obvious that impedance matching lens antenna reflects more on bore face
Small, phase change is more evenly.The above near field emulation is all based on the emulation of real units structure progress.
We also utilize field monitor, are emulated to the far-field pattern of antenna in the present invention, such as Figure 10, Tu11Zhong
It is shown in solid.Wherein Figure 10 it is shown in solid be H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) the face H far-field pattern, simulated gain G=11.6dB,
Minor level SLL=5dB；And Figure 11 it is shown in solid be loaded impedance matching lens after impedance matching high-gain lens antenna H
Face far-field pattern, simulated gain are increased to G=17.9dB, and minor level is reduced to SLL=15dB.Obviously, loaded impedance
After lens, antenna H face far-field characteristic, which has, to be obviously improved.
For the function of further verifying impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, we have customized a H face sectoral horn
Antenna, the phase center of antenna just at impedance matching lens focal position, and outside the bore face of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna)
Certain extension has been done at end, for placing our impedance matching lens antenna.For simplify impedance matching lens procedure of processing, I
Cutting has been carried out on the direction along x-axis to impedance matching lens antenna, be divided into 19 layers, every layer is all made of aforementioned three kinds of materials
One of material is a variety of, the through-hole for etching corresponding size is distributed according to the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens, and will be different
Material bonded.Finally, the overall refractive index distribution of combined impedance matching lens, impedance matching lens are punched by this 19 layers
Dielectric-slab is bonded along the x-axis direction, is placed in H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) and is extended in bore face, is combined into impedance matching high-gain
Lens antenna.
After tested, at entire X-band (8-12GHz), the reflection coefficient S11 of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna is small
In -10dB, as shown in figure 12.This shows that the lens antenna that we design can be worked normally in X-band.Dotted line in Figure 10, Figure 11
The test result of the face representative antennas H far-field pattern.Wherein, the gain of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is 11.2dB, the face H half-power
Lobe width is 36.5 °, minor level 5.8dB；And after loaded impedance matching lens, impedance matching high-gain lens antenna
Gain be increased to 17.7dB, the face H half power lobe width is reduced to 6.2 °, and minor level is reduced to 15.3dB.Test result with
Simulation result coincide good.
We are also tested the face the E far-field pattern of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, and test result is as schemed
Shown in 13.It can be seen from the figure that, compared to H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), the present invention is in the face E after loaded impedance matching lens
On field pattern it is constant, but gain increases, and omnidirectional's characteristic is presented.
The present invention is in the gain variation curve of X-band, and as shown in figure 14, wherein it is saturating to be not loaded with impedance matching for the representative of square line
The gain variation curve of the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) of mirror, impedance matching height increases after line of dots represents loaded impedance matching lens
The gain variation curve of beneficial lens antenna.It can be seen from the figure that in entire X-band, after loaded impedance matches lens, antenna
Gain be significantly improved, improve range in 5.7-7.2dB.Designed impedance matching lens improve the face H fan significantly
The performance of shape electromagnetic horn.
In addition to this, we are compared the present invention with the optimal electromagnetic horn in the tradition face H.It is set according to traditional antenna
Meter is theoretical, and bore length D of the optimal electromagnetic horn in the face H on the direction of the face H and antenna phase center meet such as to bore identity distance from f
Lower relationship,
In this case, the gain highest of antenna, the at this time optimal electromagnetic horn bore in the face H face efficiency etaa=0.64.Assuming that
Radiation efficiency η=100% of antenna, gain calculation formula are as follows at this time:
Wherein, the port diametric plane size of A representative antennas.
It can be calculated by formula (10), in identical caliber size, the optimal electromagnetic horn phase center in the face H to bore
Identity distance is from f=1000mm, 5 times of phase center about of the present invention to bore identity distance from (210mm).According to formula (11), meter
Calculate the gain G=16dB for obtaining the optimal electromagnetic horn in the face H；And the test result of gain of the present invention is 17.7dB, is higher than the tradition face H
Optimal electromagnetic horn 1.7dB.In addition to this, test result is shown, bore face of the present invention efficiency 94%, most much higher than the tradition face H
Excellent electromagnetic horn.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement and equivalent replacement can also be made, such as change the face H fan
Shape electromagnetic horn size, or H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is replaced as other antennas etc., these change the claims in the present invention
Into with the technical solution after equivalent replacement, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, which is characterized in that including impedance matching lens and loading waveguide extension
H-plane sectoral horn (antenna), the waveguide extension of connection caliber size together, described at the H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) bore
Waveguide extend segment length it is equal with impedance matching lens thickness, impedance matching lens are embedded in waveguide extension, side and
Waveguide extension inner sidewall is fixedly connected.
2. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that loading waveguide extension
H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) size it is related to the distribution of the impedance matching index of refraction in lens, specific size is according to impedance matching lens
Design formula obtains.
3. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that impedance matching lens folding
It penetrates rate distribution and the variation of decreases in non-linear rule is presented around by central point, lens surrounding refractive index is 1.
4. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that impedance matching lens packet
Multiple basic cell structures are included, being distributed corresponding arrangement according to the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens has same equivalent refractive index
The basic cell structure of size, the basic cell structure center etch cylindrical hole, by changing aperture R size, to change
The equivalent refractive index of cellular construction becomes larger with aperture R, and the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction is closer to air.
5. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 4, which is characterized in that basic cell structure is
Isotropic structure.
6. a kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 4, which is characterized in that cellular construction uses three
The material of dielectric constant is planted to realize, is permittivity ε respectivelyr=7, the TP-2 of loss angle tangent σ=0.03, permittivity εr
=4.3, the FR-4 and permittivity ε of loss angle tangent σ=0.025rThe F4B of=2.2 loss angle tangent σ=0.001.
7. a kind of design method of any one of claim 1-6 impedance matching high-gain lens antenna, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
(1) H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) for designing loading waveguide extension, according to the calculating of the index distribution of impedance matching lens
The caliber size and focal length length of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) is rationally arranged in method, to guarantee being completely fixed for impedance matching lens,
The length for setting H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) waveguide extension is equal with impedance matching lens width；
(2) impedance matching lens are designed, according to the length of the caliber size of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) and waveguide extension, knot
The calculation method for closing the index distribution of impedance matching lens obtains the overall refractive index distribution of impedance matching lens；
(3) basic cell structure of impedance matching lens is designed, which etches cylindrical hole, by changing
Variable orifice diameter R size, to change the equivalent refractive index of cellular construction；Corresponding row is distributed according to the overall refractive index of impedance matching lens
Cloth has the basic unit of same equivalent refractive index size, to constitute final impedance matching lens；
(4) impedance matching lens are completely embedded into the waveguide extension of H-plane sectoral horn (antenna) front end, it is high constitutes impedance matching
Gain lens antenna.
8. a kind of design method of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna according to claim 7, which is characterized in that entire
The calculation method of the index distribution of impedance matching lens are as follows: according to Fermat's theorem, any light is from point source, until lens measure
The light path that face is passed through is identical；Therefore, have:
Assuming that lens are variation, above formula transformation on x and the direction y are as follows:
As Δ y → 0, above formula simplifies are as follows:
After being integrated to y, become:
It is obvious that the left side of equation is the function of variable y and geometric parameter t, therefore the equation left side is further simplified are as follows:
If lens only change in the y-direction, index distribution are as follows:
Index of refraction in lens distribution is also linear change in the x-direction, then:
Wherein, nmaxIt is the maximum value of the index of refraction in lens；
Wherein:
nmax=2n (y) -1 (9)；
Therefore, suitable parameter is given according to equation (7)-(9) for the impedance matching lens of two dimension variation, just obtained entire
The index distribution of impedance matching lens.
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| CN110994191A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-04-10 | 东南大学 | Impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and design method thereof |
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| CN113571915A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-10-29 | 南京理工大学 | Lens antenna based on partition structure and design method thereof |
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