CN110336097A - A kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material - Google Patents
A kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110336097A CN110336097A CN201910486491.8A CN201910486491A CN110336097A CN 110336097 A CN110336097 A CN 110336097A CN 201910486491 A CN201910486491 A CN 201910486491A CN 110336097 A CN110336097 A CN 110336097A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material that the invention discloses a kind of, comprising: composite phase-change material, it is conductive, it is wrapped in outside regularly arranged battery；Thermal conductivity insulating barrier is arranged between the battery, for composite phase-change material to be isolated into several volume of phase-change material being isolated from each other；Several electrode slices are respectively arranged at each volume of phase-change material both ends, for each volume of phase-change material to be in turn connected to form series circuit.Cascaded structure battery heating system heats rate provided by the invention based on electric heating composite phase-change material is fast, plasticity is good, and has the effect of temperature control, the case where quickly heating suitable for low temperature environment；The battery heating system of cascaded structure is compact-sized, light-weight, structure novel, heating power are larger, battery heating system suitable for needing quick start in low temperature environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs battery heating system, in particular to a kind of cascaded structure electricity based on electric heating composite phase-change material
Pond heating system.
Background technique
When the temperature of the surroundings is low, therefore electrolyte conductivity can reduce, and electric charge transfer activation energy is insufficient, lead to specific energy
It reducing, resistance increases, and the electrolyte conductive capability of lithium ion battery reduces, and specific power reduces, battery performance degradation, and
The decline of lithium ion diffusion rate is also possible to generate lithium plating, cause short-circuit risks etc. on anode, the optimum of usual lithium ion battery
Operating temperature is 20-60 DEG C.Therefore, for needing to heat it when start battery at low ambient temperatures.
It is less to the research of battery heating system at present, and the direction studied is broadly divided into two major classes: the first is to pass through
Improve inside battery material and adapt it to low temperature environment, or directly inside battery indirect current is heated, but these sides
Method is not only complicated, but also still there are many destroy inside battery structure；Second method is heated to outside batteries,
Have and lead to hot wind or hot liquid in outside batteries and make its heating, although this method is simple, structure is complicated, and there are also grind
The person of studying carefully carries out heating battery by the method for external electric, such as sticks electric heating film, metal film etc. in battery surface and carry out
Heating, but there is heating film poor heat resistances, structure adaptability difference and the disadvantages of higher cost.
Electric heating is a kind of heating means using joule heating effect principle, and electric current can be by the electricity of a part after flowing through resistance
It can be converted into thermal energy, the resistance material that traditional electric heating uses is generally the materials such as metal, and metal has high temperature resistant, electric conductivity
Well, the features such as thermal conductivity is good is suitable for electrical heating method.However metal also has weight big, shape bad adaptability, and cannot control
The disadvantages of warm, it is difficult to be suitable for the electric heating occasions such as some shapes are special, Weight control is stringent.
Existing battery heating system such as CN103051026A and CN204011607U etc. individually disclose a kind of electric heating
Battery pack heating system and method, CN104064836A discloses a kind of method of battery self-heating.But existing electric heating
Method or the rate of heat addition of self-heating method are all unhappy, mostly lower than 5 DEG C/min and system structure complexity, therefore need proposition one
The kind simple rate of heat addition of structure fast battery heating means and system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention applies the advantage in electric heating using composite phase-change material for the deficiency pointed out in above-mentioned background,
A kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material is devised, by the way that volume of phase-change material is concatenated
Mode is electrically heated, and effectively increases the resistance of system, to increase heating power, the heating composite phase-change material is in electricity
Application in the heating system of pond both improves the rate of heat addition, mitigates system weight, while the transformation temperature of phase-change material also acts as one
Fixed temperature control function.
The purpose of the present invention is realized at least through one of following technical solution:
A kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material, comprising:
Composite phase-change material, it is conductive, it is wrapped in outside regularly arranged battery 5；
Thermal conductivity insulating barrier 3, be arranged between the battery 5, for by composite phase-change material be isolated into it is several each other
The volume of phase-change material 2 of isolation, high heat conductance but non electrically conductive material can reduce the temperature difference between each unit, guarantee that temperature is equal
Weighing apparatus；
Several electrode slices 1 are respectively arranged at each 2 both ends of the volume of phase-change material, for successively connecting each volume of phase-change material 2
It connects to form series circuit, series connection can increase adding thermal resistance, reduce electric current needed for heating, and guarantee each phase-change material as far as possible
2 temperature equalization of block.
Preferably, porous material of the composite phase-change material by thermal conductivity and the phase transformation material with respective phase change temperature
Material is combined, and passes through compound stalk forming.
Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the composite phase-change material is 2-16W/m.K, conductivity 1-100S/mm.
Preferably, the composite phase-change material is formed by the Material cladding of following mass fraction:
Paraffin, 10%-80%；Remaining is expanded graphite；
Alternatively,
Paraffin, 10%-80%；Remaining is foam metal.
Preferably, the phase transition temperature of the paraffin is 30-50 DEG C.
Preferably, the material of the thermal conductivity insulating barrier 3 includes that the thermal conductivity such as aluminium nitride partition, boron nitride are good absolutely
Edge material.
These materials all have high heat conductance but nonconducting characteristic, can reduce the temperature difference between each unit.
Preferably, bonding by conducting resinl between the electrode slice 1 and volume of phase-change material 2.
Preferably, the insulating cement for preventing the short circuit of electrode slice 1 is coated between the two adjacent electrode slices 1.
Preferably, outer layer insulating layer 4 is also enclosed with outside the composite phase-change material.
Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer layer insulating layer 4 be lower than 0.2W/ (mK), from the inside to the outside include heat insulating coat,
Heat-insulated filler.
The present invention compared with the prior art, has the advantage that
1, the method that the present invention uses composite phase-change material electrified regulation, the rate of heat addition is fast at low ambient temperatures and also gathers around
There is the effect of temperature control.
2, structure of the invention is compact, light-weight, and shape adaptability is good, quickly heats and electrically heated field in low temperature environment
It is significant.
3, the present invention uses the concatenated structure of sub-unit, increases whole electricity in the case where current material conductivity is constant
Resistance, increases heating power in the certain situation of electric current.
4, the present invention can choose and design different composite phase-change material and system structure according to the requirement of heating system,
It is applied widely.
5, the rate of heat addition of the system can reach 20-30K/min, and accelerate with the increase of electrical current.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of vertical view of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment one
Figure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of vertical view of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment one
Semi-cutaway.
Fig. 3 is a kind of facing for cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment one
Semi-cutaway.
When Fig. 4 is that a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment one is powered
Electric current moves towards figure.
Fig. 5 is the local semi-cutaway after amplifying at A in Fig. 3 before the two adjacent electrode slices that show.
Fig. 6 is a kind of section of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment one
Figure.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment two
Battery pack heating system semi-cutaway.
Fig. 9 is a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system section based on electric heating composite phase-change material of embodiment three
Schematic diagram.
In figure: 1- electrode slice；2- volume of phase-change material；3- thermal conductivity insulating barrier；4- outer layer insulating layer；5- battery.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is right by taking the quick heating for the electric heating composite phase-change material of rectangle composite phase-change material block as an example
The working principle of the invention carries out as described below:
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material, comprising:
Composite phase-change material is wrapped in outside the battery 5 of determinant arrangement, thermal conductivity 2-16W/m.K, conductivity 1-
100S/mm；
Four pieces of thermal conductivity insulating barriers 3 are arranged between each column battery 5, for composite phase-change material to be isolated into five pieces
The volume of phase-change material 2 being isolated from each other, the size of the volume of phase-change material 2 are 10mm × 15mm × 50mm, every piece in the present embodiment
The volume of phase-change material 2 wraps a column battery 5 (4 batteries of each column), 3 material of thermal conductivity insulating barrier be aluminium nitride every
Plate is a kind of high heat conductance but non electrically conductive material, can reduce the temperature difference between each unit, guarantees temperature equalization；
Several electrode slices 1 are set to each 2 both ends of the volume of phase-change material, i.e., the described phase transformation by conduction glue bond respectively
The face of 10mm × 15mm of material block 2, for each volume of phase-change material 2 to be in turn connected to form series circuit, two is adjacent described
The insulating cement for preventing the short circuit of electrode slice 1 is coated between electrode slice 1.Series connection can increase adding thermal resistance, reduce electric current needed for heating,
And guarantee each 2 temperature equalization of volume of phase-change material as far as possible；
Outer layer insulating layer 4 is wrapped in outside the composite phase-change material, and the thermal conductivity of the outer layer insulating layer 4 is lower than
0.2W/ (mK) includes heat insulating coat, heat-insulated filler from the inside to the outside.
In the present embodiment, the composite phase-change material is by the porous material of thermal conductivity and the phase with respective phase change temperature
Become Material cladding to form, and passes through compound stalk forming.
Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention composite phase-change material is formed by the Material cladding of following mass fraction:
Expanded graphite, 60%；Paraffin, 40%；The phase transition temperature of the paraffin is 50 DEG C.
For the temperature data for obtaining the present embodiment, temperature measuring point is set in volume of phase-change material 2: in 2 side of volume of phase-change material
Midpoint and by proximal points two points install thermocouple, for acquiring the temperature of the volume of phase-change material 2.
After completing, the constant current of 5A and 10A, the trend of electric current such as Fig. 4 institute are passed to respectively to each volume of phase-change material 2
Show, the temperature rise rate of battery respectively reaches 8 DEG C/min and 30 DEG C/min.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment carries out structure of the invention and working principle by taking the electric heating for batteries of electric automobile group as an example
It is as described below:
As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material, comprising:
Composite phase-change material is wrapped in outside the battery 5 of determinant arrangement, thermal conductivity 2-16W/m.K, conductivity 1-
100S/mm, battery pack are the battery pack of one 4 and 8 strings；
Eight pieces of thermal conductivity insulating barriers 3 are arranged between each column battery 5, for composite phase-change material to be isolated into five pieces
The volume of phase-change material 2 being isolated from each other, the size of the volume of phase-change material 2 are 25mm × 100mm × 60mm, every piece in the present embodiment
The volume of phase-change material 2 wraps a column battery 5 (4 batteries of each column), 3 material of thermal conductivity insulating barrier be aluminium nitride every
Plate is a kind of high heat conductance but non electrically conductive material, can reduce the temperature difference between each unit, guarantees temperature equalization；
Several electrode slices 1, material are latten(-tin), are set to each volume of phase-change material 2 by copper conductive adhesive bonding respectively
Both ends, i.e., the face of 25mm × 100mm of the described volume of phase-change material 2, for each volume of phase-change material 2 to be in turn connected to form series electrical
Road is coated with the insulating cement for preventing the short circuit of electrode slice 1 between the two adjacent electrode slices 1.Series connection can increase adding thermal resistance, drop
Electric current needed for low heating, and guarantee each 2 temperature equalization of volume of phase-change material as far as possible；
Outer layer insulating layer 4 is wrapped in outside the composite phase-change material, and the outer layer insulating layer 4 is the modeling of thickness 15mm
Expect insulating layer, thermal conductivity is lower than 0.2W/ (mK).
In the present embodiment, the composite phase-change material is by the porous material of thermal conductivity and the phase with respective phase change temperature
Become Material cladding to form, and passes through compound stalk forming.
Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention composite phase-change material is formed by the Material cladding of following mass fraction:
Expanded graphite, 70%；Paraffin, 30%；The phase transition temperature of the paraffin is 30 DEG C.
For the temperature data for obtaining the present embodiment, temperature measuring point is arranged in volume of phase-change material 2: present case measures battery appearance
Face temperature is put into the battery hole of the battery heating system after thermocouple to be affixed on to the outer surface of battery.According to lithium ion battery
Service condition, battery starting just need to will not damage battery when temperature is higher than 20 DEG C.
After completing, puts it into the refrigerator that temperature is -20 DEG C, connect constant current 20A, increase system temperature
To 20 DEG C, when electrical current reaches 60A, temperature rise rate can reach 15 DEG C/min.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment is former to structure of the invention and work by taking the electric heating for the rectangular battery of aerospace craft as an example
Reason carries out as described below:
As shown in figure 9, a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material, comprising:
Composite phase-change material is wrapped in outside the battery 5 for five rectangles being arranged successively, thermal conductivity 2-16W/m.K, electricity
Conductance is 1-100S/mm；
Four pieces of thermal conductivity insulating barriers 3 are arranged between each column battery 5, for composite phase-change material to be isolated into five pieces
The volume of phase-change material 2 being isolated from each other, the size of the volume of phase-change material 2 are 18mm × 80mm × 124mm, every piece in the present embodiment
The volume of phase-change material 2 wraps the battery 5 of a rectangle, and it is one that 3 material of thermal conductivity insulating barrier, which is aluminium nitride partition,
Kind high heat conductance but non electrically conductive material can reduce the temperature difference between each unit, guarantee temperature equalization；
Several electrode slices 1 are set to each 2 both ends of the volume of phase-change material, i.e., the described phase transformation by conduction glue bond respectively
The face of 18mm × 80mm of material block 2, for each volume of phase-change material 2 to be in turn connected to form series circuit, two is adjacent described
The insulating cement for preventing the short circuit of electrode slice 1 is coated between electrode slice 1.Series connection can increase adding thermal resistance, reduce electric current needed for heating,
And guarantee each 2 temperature equalization of volume of phase-change material as far as possible；
Outer layer insulating layer 4 is wrapped in outside the composite phase-change material, and the thermal conductivity of the outer layer insulating layer 4 is lower than
0.2W/ (mK) includes heat insulating coat, heat-insulated filler from the inside to the outside.
In the present embodiment, the composite phase-change material is by the porous material of thermal conductivity and the phase with respective phase change temperature
Become Material cladding to form, and passes through compound stalk forming.
Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention composite phase-change material is formed by the Material cladding of following mass fraction:
Expanded graphite, 90%；Paraffin, 10%；The phase transition temperature of the paraffin is 50 DEG C.
After battery heating system completes, puts it into the refrigerator that temperature is -40 DEG C, connect constant current 20A, make
System temperature is increased to 20 DEG C, and when electrical current reaches 20A, temperature rise rate can reach 15 DEG C/min.
In above-described embodiment, composite phase-change material block is compound by conductive porous material and nonconducting phase-change material paraffin
Made of conduction phase-change material, paraffin is attracted in porous material gap, it is compound after material there is high heat conductance, highly conductive
After melting the advantages that liquid leak goes out does not occur for rate and phase transformation, carries out briquetting by design mold and is applicable to various shape, electricity
Heating means can make material be rapidly heated, thus the battery 5 of heat packs inside, when temperature is close to phase transition temperature, and phase transformation
The big feature of material latent heat can be absorbed a large amount of heat but not heat up, and play the role of temperature control.The structure passes through will entire electricity
Pond group is divided into multiple junior units, is powered after the volume of phase-change material 2 of multiple junior units is connected, it is possible to increase overall electrical resistance to
Increase heating power.
Above-described embodiment is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, practical range not for the purpose of limiting the invention.Fan Yiben
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the content of invention are the claims in the present invention range claimed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cascaded structure battery heating system based on electric heating composite phase-change material characterized by comprising
Composite phase-change material, it is conductive, it is wrapped in regularly arranged battery (5) outside；
Thermal conductivity insulating barrier (3) is arranged between the battery (5), is used for composite phase-change material
It is isolated into several volume of phase-change material (2) being isolated from each other；
Several electrode slices (1) are respectively arranged at each volume of phase-change material (2) both ends, are used for each volume of phase-change material (2) successively
Connection forms series circuit.
2. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 1 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
Be, the composite phase-change material it is compound by the porous material of thermal conductivity and the phase-change material with respective phase change temperature and
At, and pass through compound stalk forming.
3. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 1 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, the thermal conductivity of the composite phase-change material is 2-16W/m.K, and conductivity is 1-100 S/mm.
4. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 2 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, the composite phase-change material is formed by the Material cladding of following mass fraction:
Paraffin, 10%-80%；Remaining is expanded graphite；
Alternatively,
Paraffin, 10%-80%；Remaining is foam metal.
5. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 4 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, the phase transition temperature of the paraffin is 30-50 DEG C.
6. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 1 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, the material of the thermal conductivity insulating barrier (3) includes aluminium nitride partition, boron nitride.
7. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 1 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, it is bonding by conducting resinl between the electrode slice (1) and volume of phase-change material (2).
8. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 1 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, is coated with the insulating cement for preventing electrode slice (1) short circuit between the two adjacent electrode slices (1).
9. the cascaded structure battery heating according to any one of claim 1 to 8 based on electric heating composite phase-change material
System, which is characterized in that be also enclosed with outer layer insulating layer (4) outside the composite phase-change material.
10. the cascaded structure battery heating system according to claim 9 based on electric heating composite phase-change material, feature
It is, the thermal conductivity of the outer layer insulating layer (4) is lower than 0.2W/ (mK), from the inside to the outside includes heat insulating coat, heat-insulated filling
Agent.
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|---|---|
| CN110336097B (en) | 2022-10-25 |
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