CN110328845B - 一种挤压式3d打印多种材料的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,包括以下步骤:S110、产品分割和设置材料,将产品三维模型分割并设置材料;S120、切片处理,将分割后的产品三维模型进行切片处理,每个切片层均包括多个零件切片图形;S130、生成打印轨迹和固化轨迹;S140、产品打印,根据每个零件体分别选择相应的挤压头填充该零件体的零件切片图形,该零件体的零件切片图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件体的零件切片图形进行填充;S150、产品固化,启动固化光源进行光固化或热固化;S160、重复步骤S140和S150逐层打印和固化切片层直至打印和固化全部完成。该方法能够在同一切片层上打印多种材料,从而实现产品中包含不同材料的零件,且为整体结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种3D打印方法,尤其是一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法。
背景技术
现有的光固化打印机通过铺设打印树脂,然后进行固化,只能使用一种材料进行打印。
现有的FDM打印机挤出材料进行成形打印,也只能使用同种材料进行打印。
有些产品虽然是整体结构,但是其中局部需要不同的材料制成,现有的3D打印无法实现,而传统的加工方法是对不同材料的零件进行加工,然后将不同的零件组装,再进行焊接等工艺实现。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种能够在同一切片层上打印多种材料,从而实现产品中包含不同材料的零件,且为整体结构的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,具体技术方案为:
一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
S110、产品分割和设置材料,将产品三维模型分割成多个相连和/或不相连的零件体,并对每个零件体设置材料,相连的零件体的材料不同;
S120、切片处理,将分割后的产品三维模型进行切片处理,生成多个依次层叠的切片层,所述多个切片层中的每个切片层均包括多个零件切片图形,所述多个零件切片图形中的每个零件切片图形均与该零件***于该切片层的零件体横截面一致,所述多个相连的零件切片图形合成一个产品切片图形,所述零件切片图形还包括材料参数;
S130、生成打印轨迹和固化轨迹,所述打印轨迹和固化轨迹均根据零件切片图形生成;
S140、产品打印,打印时依次打印切片层中的每个零件切片图形,打印时根据零件切片图形的材料参数选择相应的挤压头,所述挤压头沿着该零件切片图形的打印轨迹均匀地挤出打印原料填充该零件切片图形,该零件切片图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件切片图形的填充,直至该切片层的每个零件切片图形均填充完成;
S150、产品固化,启动固化光源对步骤S140中填充完成的多个零件切片图形分别根据相对应的固化轨迹进行光固化或热固化,直至该切片层的每个零件切片图形均固化完成;
S160、重复步骤S140和S150逐层打印和固化切片层直至打印和固化全部完成。
优选的,在步骤S130之前还包括S121、生成零件打印图形,所述零件打印图形根据零件切片图形生成,所述零件打印图形为零件切片图形的放大图形,所述零件打印图形的内轮廓小于零件切片图形的内轮廓,所述零件打印图形的外轮廓大于零件切片图形的外轮廓;所述步骤S130中打印轨迹根据零件打印图形生成,所述固化轨迹根据零件切片图形生成;所述步骤S140中打印时依次打印切片层中的每个零件打印图形,打印时根据零件切片图形的材料参数选择相应的挤压头,所述挤压头沿着该零件打印图形的打印轨迹均匀地挤出打印原料填充该零件打印图形,该零件打印图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件打印图形的填充,直至该切片层的每个零件打印图形均填充完成。
优选的,所述固化光源为激光光源。
优选的,所述切片层的层厚在0.05-1mm。
优选的,所述打印原料为液态的光固化树脂或热固化树脂。
优选的,所述步骤S140中的打印原料挤出后形成的零件切片图形在固化前不变形。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法能够在同一切片层上打印多种材料,从而实现产品中包含不同材料的零件,且为整体结构,简化了工艺,提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例一的刀的打印图形。
具体实施方式
现结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
S110、产品分割和设置材料,将产品三维模型分割成多个相连和/或不相连的零件体,并对每个零件体设置材料,相连的零件体的材料不同;
S120、切片处理,将分割后的产品三维模型进行切片处理,生成多个依次层叠的切片层,所述多个切片层中的每个切片层均包括多个零件切片图形,所述多个零件切片图形中的每个零件切片图形均与该零件***于该切片层的零件体横截面一致,所述多个相连的零件切片图形合成一个产品切片图形,所述零件切片图形还包括材料参数;
S121、生成零件打印图形,所述零件打印图形根据零件切片图形生成,所述零件打印图形为零件切片图形的放大图形,所述零件打印图形的内轮廓小于零件切片图形的内轮廓,所述零件打印图形的外轮廓大于零件切片图形的外轮廓;
S130、生成打印轨迹和固化轨迹,打印轨迹根据零件打印图形生成,所述固化轨迹根据零件切片图形生成;
S140、产品打印,打印时依次打印切片层中的每个零件打印图形,打印时根据零件切片图形的材料参数选择相应的挤压头,所述挤压头沿着该零件打印图形的打印轨迹均匀地挤出打印原料填充该零件打印图形,该零件打印图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件打印图形的填充,直至该切片层的每个零件打印图形均填充完成;
S150、产品固化,启动激光光源对步骤S140中填充完成的多个零件打印图形分别根据相对应的固化轨迹进行光固化或热固化,直至该切片层的每个零件切片图形均固化完成;
S160、重复步骤S140和S150逐层打印和固化切片层直至打印和固化全部完成。
根据产品的材料要求对产品进行分割,生成多个零件体,相连的零件体采用不同的材料打印形成,从而实现产品中包括不同材料的零件,且为整体结构。
结合了FDM挤出打印和3D光固化打印的优点,提高了打印原料的利用率,不需要铺满每个打印层,仅打印出产品切片图形即可。而光固化的表面较光滑,提高了表面的质量。
零件打印图形为零件切片图形的放大图形,即零件打印图形的面积大于零件切片图形的面积,相连的零件打印图形之间的连线的两端向外延伸,零件打印图形的内轮廓向内偏移,零件打印图形的内轮廓小于零件切片图形的内轮廓,零件打印图形的外轮廓向外偏移,零件打印图形的外轮廓大于零件切片图形的外轮廓。因为挤出成型时,产品的侧面有比较明显的层状结构,导致表面不光滑,如果在固化时进行局部固化,即零件打印图形与零件切片图形之间的部分不进行固化,从而保证了产品表面的光滑,与3D光固化打印形成的表面质量一致。同时零件打印图形多出的部分能够形成一定的支撑作用,可以省略支撑件,在固化完成后去除。
激光固化速率快,固化质量好。
切片层的层厚在0.05-1mm。
打印原料为液态的光固化树脂或热固化树脂。步骤S140中的打印原料挤出后形成的零件打印图形在固化前不变形。防止挤出后变形,从而保证精度。打印原料为液态的光固化树脂或热固化树脂。这里的液体并不是完全液体,由于在树脂中添加有粉末状的填料,如陶瓷粉、金属粉、石墨烯粉等,实际上是类似浆料状的。热固化树脂也是采用激光加热固化。激光成形精度高。
实施例一
如图1所示,采用一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法打印刀,包括以下步骤:
S110、分割和设置材料,将刀的三维模型分割成两个相连的零件体,分别为刀锋和刀体,刀锋的材料为包含陶瓷填料的陶瓷光固化树脂,刀体的材料为包含钢粉填料的钢光固化树脂;
S120、切片处理,将分割后的刀的三维模型进行切片处理,生成多个依次层叠的切片层,所述多个切片层中的每个切片层均包括刀锋切片图形12和刀体切片图形11,刀锋切片图形12与刀锋位于该切片层的刀锋的横截面一致,刀体切片图形11与刀***于该切片层的刀体的横截面一致,该切片层的刀锋切片图形12与刀体切片图形11合成一个刀的打印图形,刀的打印图形为刀位于该切片层的横截面;
S121、生成打印图形,刀锋打印图形30根据刀锋切片图形12生成,刀锋打印图形30为刀锋切片图形12的放大图形,刀锋打印图形30的刀锋打印轮廓22大于刀锋切片图形12的刀锋切片轮廓32;刀体打印图形20的刀体打印轮廓21大于刀体切片图形11的刀体切片轮廓31;
S130、生成打印轨迹和固化轨迹,根据刀锋打印图形30生成刀锋打印轨迹,根据刀锋打印图形20生成刀锋打印轨迹,根据刀锋切片图形12生成刀锋固化轨迹,根据刀体切片图形11生成刀体固化轨迹;
S140、刀打印,刀锋打印时选着第一挤压头,第一挤压头与陶瓷光固化树脂料筒连接,第一挤压头均匀地挤出陶瓷光固化树脂填充刀锋打印图形30,直至刀锋打印图形30填充完成;
然后打印刀体,刀体打印时选着第二挤压头,第二挤压头与钢光固化树脂料筒连接,第二挤压头均匀地挤出钢光固化树脂填充刀体打印图形20,直至刀体打印图形20填充完成,其中刀体与刀锋相连处的打印轮廓不变,但是该轮廓的两端与刀锋和刀体打印的轮廓的外轮廓平齐;
S150、刀固化,启动激光光源对步骤S140中填充完成的刀体打印图形20和刀锋打印图形30分别根据刀锋固化轨迹和刀体固化轨迹进行光固化或热固化,直至该切片层的刀锋切片图形12和刀体切片图形11均固化完成;
S160、重复步骤S140和S150逐层打印和固化切片层直至打印和固化全部完成。
步骤S150固化时,刀锋打印图形30的刀锋打印轮廓22与刀锋切片图形12的刀锋切片轮廓32之间的部分不固化;刀体打印图形20的刀体打印轮廓21与刀体切片图形11的刀体切片轮廓31之间的部分不固化。
本实施例以具有陶瓷刀锋的刀具进行说明,本刀具的陶瓷刀锋与现有的采用压制方式生产的陶瓷刀不同,本实施例是为了对一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法进行说明,而非刀具。打印后的产品可以进行高温烧结,以达到使用要求,同时去除树脂。
Claims (5)
1.一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S110、产品分割和设置材料,将产品三维模型分割成多个相连和/或不相连的零件体,并对每个零件体设置材料,相连的零件体的材料不同;
S120、切片处理,将分割后的产品三维模型进行切片处理,生成多个依次层叠的切片层,所述多个切片层中的每个切片层均包括多个零件切片图形,所述多个零件切片图形中的每个零件切片图形均与该零件***于该切片层的零件体横截面一致,所述多个相连的零件切片图形合成一个产品切片图形,所述零件切片图形还包括材料参数;
S130、生成打印轨迹和固化轨迹,所述打印轨迹和固化轨迹均根据零件切片图形生成;
S140、产品打印,打印时依次打印切片层中的每个零件切片图形,打印时根据零件切片图形的材料参数选择相应的挤压头,所述挤压头沿着该零件切片图形的打印轨迹均匀地挤出打印原料填充该零件切片图形,该零件切片图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件切片图形的填充,直至该切片层的每个零件切片图形均填充完成;
S150、产品固化,启动固化光源对步骤S140中填充完成的多个零件切片图形分别根据相对应的固化轨迹进行光固化或热固化,直至该切片层的每个零件切片图形均固化完成;
S160、重复步骤S140和S150逐层打印和固化切片层直至打印和固化全部完成;
在步骤S130之前还包括S121、生成零件打印图形,所述零件打印图形根据零件切片图形生成,所述零件打印图形为零件切片图形的放大图形,所述零件打印图形的内轮廓小于零件切片图形的内轮廓,所述零件打印图形的外轮廓大于零件切片图形的外轮廓;
所述步骤S130中打印轨迹根据零件打印图形生成,所述固化轨迹根据零件切片图形生成;
所述步骤S140中打印时依次打印切片层中的每个零件打印图形,打印时根据零件切片图形的材料参数选择相应的挤压头,所述挤压头沿着该零件打印图形的打印轨迹均匀地挤出打印原料填充该零件打印图形,该零件打印图形填充完成后切换挤压头进行另一个零件打印图形的填充,直至该切片层的每个零件打印图形均填充完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,其特征在于,所述固化光源为激光光源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,其特征在于,所述切片层的层厚在0.05-1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,其特征在于,所述打印原料为液态的光固化树脂或热固化树脂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种挤压式3D打印多种材料的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S140中的打印原料挤出后形成的零件切片图形在固化前不变形。
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