CN110326470A - It is a kind of for varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables production collection rain every salt form heliogreenhouse - Google Patents
It is a kind of for varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables production collection rain every salt form heliogreenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN110326470A CN110326470A CN201910767233.7A CN201910767233A CN110326470A CN 110326470 A CN110326470 A CN 110326470A CN 201910767233 A CN201910767233 A CN 201910767233A CN 110326470 A CN110326470 A CN 110326470A
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/241—Arrangement of opening or closing systems for windows and ventilation panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of collection rain for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables every salt form heliogreenhouse, greenhouse of the present invention includes front wall and rear wall, greenhouse film is equipped between the front wall and rear wall, wall top end is equipped with skylight device after described, the skylight device is connect with the activity adverse grade that turns up, and is fixed with gusseted on the rear wall；It is equipped with inclination slight slope on the outside of the front wall, water storage groove is equipped between the inclination slight slope and the front wall；Wall is equipped with collection rain pipe after described；Collecting conduit is had in the greenhouse.Collection rain disclosed by the invention can be realized simultaneously water supply and original position soil effective use every salt form heliogreenhouse, combine collection rain technology with salt reduction technology, being integrally formed technical system, easily and effectively.The invention discloses the design of movable adverse grade, have many advantages, such as that rain, easy to open, the warm indoor humidity of reduction can be collected, and do not influence normal vegetables production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to it is a kind of for varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables production collection rain every salt
Type heliogreenhouse.
Background technique
Land resource is the basic of agricultural production, but the salinization of soil limits agriculture high-efficient development and land resource
Effective use.In China, salt-soda soil is widely distributed, and especially coastal cities, island saline alkali land area are huge, soil salt content
Height cannot plant a series of agricultural product such as the higher veterinary antibiotics of the output value.Currently, salt-soda soil mainly uses traditional heliogreenhouse,
Vegetables production is carried out after improving the soil, adverse grade is fixed brick wall structure, it is non-rotatable, it is not openable.In addition, saline alkali corrosion is agriculture
The phenomenon that facility structure, is very serious, not can guarantee the fastness and safety of facility.Meanwhile there is water in most varieties in saline-alkali areas again
Maldistribution of the resources lacks the problem of irrigating fresh water.Leading to the fresh fruit of vegetables of varieties in saline-alkali areas can only supply by other places transport, and
Local high quality of products shortage, forms fruit and vegetable food supply structure contradiction.To meet people to the need of fruits and vegetables quality level
It asks, nearest production and supply have become main trend intolerant to the fresh goods of storage and transportation.For solve coastal saline-alkali area soil salt evil with
The problem of fresh water lacks, it is substantially carried out research below at present:
1, soil salt damage is solved the problems, such as
For the high problem of varieties in saline-alkali areas soil salt content, discovery is arranged in the soil body can break soil structures every salt deposit, influence
Hollow billet system changes moisture and salt regime track, effectively inhibits the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.It is covered using covering with ground sheeting, improving straw mulching, sandstone, is multiple
The modes such as organic materials covering are closed, topsoil soils hydro-thermal state can be improved, moisture holding capacity is improved, weaken surface layer evaporation, to realize
The effect suppressed Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil, improve yield.But apply such method, there are materials to take, every salt material traffic expense etc. it is high at
This and biggish manual labor measure.
Hidden pipe salt discharge technology is also chiefly used in alkaline land soil salt reduction, can be accelerated by embedded hidden pipe when rinsing saline-alkali soil
Desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed melts soil with high salt smoothly de-.But such method, there are later period soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenons, and serious, salinity is migrated again
The problem of, therefore, hidden pipe salt discharge technology, which is only used alone, reduces soil salt content with certain difficulty.
2, solve the problems, such as that fresh water lacks
China's gross amount of water resources is abundant, about 2.8 trillion m3, the 6th, the world is occupied, but since China human mortality quantity is more, water provides per capita
Source distribution is few, is only the 28% of world's water resource of per capita, is located at the 125th, the world, counts according to relevant departments, China lacks at present
40,000,000,000 m of water3, belong to serious water shortage, the great attention of our people should be caused.
In the case that in China, water resource is totally in short supply, agricultural irrigation water is accordingly reduced and is even less than, if merely according to
By tap water irrigated farmland, cost is more expensive, issues every cubic metre of water consumption of Water-supply price according to Qingdao municipal price bureau and is incremented to
2.5-7 first, prices vary；Mining of groundwater is one of the method for solution water difficulty, but is limited greatly by resources supplIes, exploitation
Corresponding rules and regulations are had to comply with, but for many years, it is severe that exhaustive exploitation already leads to water degradation, ecological environment；Seawater is light
Change technology, be realize the open source increment technique that utilizes of water resource, but it is expensive be always limit its popularization and application it is crucial because
Element, the cost of China's sea water desalination at present is about in 4-8 member/m3.Therefore, the modes such as water cellar, reservoir are built and collect nature rainwater
It is the important measure for solving problems.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of collection rain for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables every salt form heliogreenhouse, by daylight
The design of greenhouse catchment of rainfall structure, soil is designed every salt structure and salt reduction technical research combines, and will collect between fresh water, isolation soil layer
The exchange of salinity is penetrated through using technological incorporation such as fresh water elution, reduction topsoil soils salt contents, forms a set of complex art mould
Formula, while realizing that water supply and original position soil efficiently use, it is coastal saline-alkali area soil salt content height, freshwater resources distribution
The problems such as uneven, provides new settling mode, reach varieties in saline-alkali areas soil in protected field normalization, guarantee crop routine growth not by
The effect of limitation, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
Every salt form heliogreenhouse, the greenhouse includes front wall and rear wall, described for a kind of collection rain for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables
Be equipped with greenhouse film between front wall and rear wall, it is described after wall top end be equipped with skylight device, the skylight device and turn up after activity
Slope connects, and is fixed with gusseted on the rear wall；It is equipped with inclination slight slope on the outside of the front wall, the inclination slight slope and described
Water storage groove is equipped between front wall；Wall is equipped with collection rain pipe after described；Collecting conduit, the storage are had in the greenhouse
Water groove sum aggregate rain pipe is connected by collecting conduit with the reservoir under greenhouse middle ground；The indoor soil face of temperature is set
There is a gradient from rear wall to front wall direction, the soil face is equipped with every salt plate, and it is described every salt discharge hidden pipe is arranged on salt plate, it is described
Salt discharge hidden pipe is buried with the upper layer of soil dug out.
Further, the gusseted includes internal support and external support, the internal upper end and greenhouse supported
Canopy film connection, the upper end of the external support are used to support the movable adverse grade after opening, the lower end of inside support and external support
It is fixed in the middle part of rear wall.
Further, it is equipped with below every group of gusseted and reinforces pile, described reinforcement pile one end fixes on the ground, the other end
Withstand external support.
Further, the activity adverse grade that turns up is using the plate for being superimposed one layer of color steel tile plate in PC plate.
Further, it is equipped with drainage pipeline on the inside of the front wall, the drainage pipeline is connected with saline wells, the salt discharge
Breast boards is provided between hidden pipe, upper layer of soil and drainage pipeline.
Further, the outlet area bottom of the reservoir is equipped with water pump, the reservoir water outlet and water pump four
Week setting filter screen.
Further, the shape of the inclination slight slope is right-angle prismatic column, and the inclination slight slope is identical as the length of front wall,
Width is 2 ~ 5 meters, and the inclination slight slope is 4% ~ 6% from one end far from front wall to one end gradient close to front wall.
Further, described is 50 ~ 70cm at a distance from earth's surface every salt plate, described to be spliced every salt plate by XPS plate material.
Further, the salt discharge hidden pipe is polyvinyl chloride bellows, the caliber of the polyvinyl chloride bellows is 100 ~
120mm, the aperture of aperture is 18 ~ 20mm on the polyvinyl chloride bellows, and pitch-row is 150 ~ 170mm.
Further, the rear wall top end is fixed with truss, and the skylight device is fixed on the truss.
Further, the inclination slight slope is covered with plastic film.
Further, filter device is set up in the reservoir central location.
Compared with prior art, it is lacked the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: irrigating fresh water the present invention is based on varieties in saline-alkali areas
Prominent question weary, soil salt content is high designs a kind of novel solar greenhouse structure, i.e. collection rain is covered every salt form heliogreenhouse
It collects the exchange of salinity between fresh water, isolation soil layer, elute the complex art method for reducing topsoil soils salt content using fresh water.
The collection rain is designed every salt form sunlight greenhouse structure and application includes three aspects: the design of greenhouse catchment of rainfall structure, greenhouse are every salt knot
Structure design and saline-alkali soil salt reduction alkali method in situ.Water supply can be achieved at the same time using the design method and original position soil is effective
Two purposes of salt reduction alkali combine collection rain technology with salt reduction technology, being integrally formed technical system, easily and effectively.
(1) collection rain disclosed by the invention can be realized simultaneously water supply and original position soil be effective every salt form heliogreenhouse
Using two purposes, combine collection rain technology with salt reduction technology, being integrally formed technical system, easily and effectively.Pass through the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
Every salt, topsoil soils EC can be reduced to 3ms.cm-1When following, vegetables production can be carried out.
(2) movable adverse grade design, rain, easy to open, the warm indoor humidity of reduction can be collected by having, and not influence normal vegetables
The advantages that production.In the period of high temperature, high humidity, opening activity adverse grade can promote greenhouse ventilation, increase draught area, promote gas
Body exchange can especially make soil after irrigating restore normal soil moisture rapidly, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.
(3) original soil is cultivated.It is different from cultivation technique without soil, does not have to cultivation matrix, but utilizes saline and alkaline original position soil, is reduced
Cost improves land utilization ratio.Design is used cooperatively every the hardened structure of salt and hidden pipe salt discharge technology, is reduced soil salt content, is made it
Salt content is reduced to normal range (NR), can the agricultural product such as normal culturing vegetable, fruit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is collection rain of the present invention every salt form sunlight greenhouse structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is collection rain of the present invention every salt form heliogreenhouse side view；
Fig. 3 is collection rain of the present invention every salt form heliogreenhouse activity adverse grade structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that standard-sized sheet roofing in greenhouse of the present invention turns up skylight device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of collection rain structure design of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is reservoir structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that rainwater of the present invention accumulation flows to schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention every the design of salt structure；
Fig. 9 is salt discharge hidden pipe design arrangement figure of the present invention；
Figure 10 is that salt water of the present invention flows to schematic diagram；
Wherein, 1 is collection rain pipe, and 2 be reservoir, and 201 be water inlet pipe, and 202 be outlet pipe, and 203 be filter device, and 3 be inclination
Slight slope, 4 be salt discharge hidden pipe, and 5 be breast boards, and 6 be collecting conduit, and 7 be saline wells, and 8 be water control valve, and 9 be drainage pipeline, and 10 are
Water pump, 11 is, every salt plate, 12 are aisle, and 13 be crop topsoil, and 14 be movable adverse grade, and 15 be gusseted, and 151 be internal branch
Support, 152 be external support, and 16 is reinforce pile, and 17 turn up skylight device for greenhouse standard-sized sheet roofing, and 171 be gear, and 172 be rack gear,
173 be worm type of reduction gearing, and 174 be decelerating motor, and 175 be main shaft, and 176 be link transmission axis, 177 universal joints, 178
It is rear wall for torque divider, 18,19 be front wall, and 20 be water storage groove, and 21 be greenhouse film.
Specific embodiment
Further detailed description is made to technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
A kind of collection rain for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables of embodiment 1 is every salt form heliogreenhouse
Collection rain provided in this embodiment for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, as shown in Fig. 2, the greenhouse
Including front wall 19, rear wall 18 and greenhouse film 21, the front wall 19 is located at southern side, and the rear wall 18 is located at north side, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, south described in this specification embodiment and Figure of description, north are with the south and north that is marked in Fig. 2 to consistent.Institute
The structure design for stating heliogreenhouse includes that the design of greenhouse catchment of rainfall structure and greenhouse soil are designed every salt, salt reduction structure.
1, greenhouse catchment of rainfall structure designs
For the purpose of rinsing salt affected soil in situ using fresh water, reaching, which reduces salt content, meets vegetable growth needs.Due to originally
Water higher cost, therefore the adverse grade in the greenhouse is designed as movable eversion type structure, expands collective area with this, increases and store rainfall.
Collection rain pipe 1 laterally, longitudinal, opening activity adverse grade 14 are set up on rear wall of greenhouse 18, rainwater is flowed into along collection rain pipe 1
In underground conservation pool 2, it is used as soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water or agricultural irrigation water.In addition, the unlatching of greenhouse activity adverse grade 14 can also promote
Into room ventilation, the planting environment of high temperature and humidity is avoided the occurrence of, reduces the generation (such as Fig. 1) of pest and disease damage.Meanwhile after design activity
Slope collection rain, front roof collection rain and inclination slight slope collection rain, totally three kinds of collection rain modes, rainwater pass through tripartite's charge for remittance through collecting conduit 6
Form, jointly accumulate rainwater (such as Fig. 2).
(1) movable adverse grade collection rain mode
1. movable adverse grade
The selection of movable adverse grade 14 in such a way that color steel tile plate combines, is conducive to standardized project and constructed using PC plate.PC plate is saturating
Light rate is high, and light transmittance reaches as high as 89%, for cement adverse grade, provides good light environment for plant growth, fills
Divide the daylighting needs for meeting plant growth.In addition, PC plate is light high-strength, density 1.18-1.22g/cm3, and crashworthiness hit intensity is
250 ~ 300 times of glass；Anti-aging property is strong, and it is only 6% that light transmission, which is lost, after 10 years.The conventional PC plate of present invention selection thickness 8mm
Material to prevent PC material excessively thin, and can have gap, vegetable with wall and front roof junction as movable adverse grade 14
The thermal insulation property that not can guarantee heliogreenhouse when the overwintering production of dish is superimposed one layer of color steel tile plate in PC plate, guarantees room temperature
Meet plant growth demand.
Color steel tile plate intensity is higher, and thermal coefficient is low, λ≤0.041w/mk, can effectively maintain room temperature；Density is
1.0-1.4g/cm3, weight are equivalent to the 1/30 of brick wall.Based on color steel tile plate good heat insulating, the light, simple to install of weight etc.
Feature is highly suitable as the movable plate of superposition.The present invention utilize 840 type color steel tile plates, thickness 0.8mm, length, width according to
It is determined according to greenhouse actual conditions, is usually used in roof water-proof construction material.PC plate material and load after the combination assembling of color steel tile plate are small
The 18 bearing load weight of wall after heliogreenhouse.
It is to collect rainwater and high temperature dog days period with summer rainfall period that the present invention, which designs heliogreenhouse activity adverse grade 14,
Thinking based on alleviation indoor temperature and humidity, main application are that summer collection rain or high temperature radiate, and PC plate is combined with color steel tile plate
Structure type advantage is that activity is convenient, load-bearing is smaller.In Shandong Province when winter production, it is raw crop is not able to satisfy to prevent temperature
It is long, or heat preservation curtain or Heating system etc. can be increased in inside greenhouse, improved temperature.It is being not necessarily to keep the temperature in season, it can be only
Use PC plate as 14 material of movable adverse grade, it is possible to reduce the shading of original brick wall increases illumination.
The design of movable adverse grade 14 is one of the nuclear structure of heliogreenhouse collection rain mode design.After the present invention designs greenhouse
Slope is that activity is turned up form (such as Fig. 3), is turned up 17 realization activity adverse grade 14 of skylight device using existing greenhouse standard-sized sheet roofing
It opens (such as Fig. 4), turn up 14 bottom end of activity adverse grade and greenhouse standard-sized sheet the roofing skylight device 17 that turns up are connect, 174 band of decelerating motor
Moving gear 171 rotates, and rack gear 172 is connect with the activity adverse grade 14 that turns up, and drive is turned up, and activity adverse grade 14 is movable, and turn up activity adverse grade
14 can flip outward 120 °.It is simultaneously the stability for guaranteeing greenhouse, sets up the gusseted 15 of steel construction in rear wall 18, make activity
Adverse grade 14 open after can completely frame be against in gusseted 15.In case of the movable adverse grade of bad weather (wind-force is powerful) is not opened；
In high temperature or heavy, opening activity adverse grade 14 collects rainwater, promotes ventilation.
2. window controlling system
Activity adverse grade 14 of the invention designs, and turns up skylight device 17(such as Fig. 4 using currently used greenhouse standard-sized sheet roofing),
Opening a window, resistance is weak, transmission stability is high.In view of 18 load-bearing of rear wall of greenhouse and the security and stability of entire heliogreenhouse, this hair
Bright to distribute continuous window controlling system using existing torque, motor usage quantity is few, usage economy is high.
According to the study it is found that movable adverse grade 14 open, in closing process mainly by factors such as adverse grade self weight, wind-force sizes
Influence, therefore, the heliogreenhouse activity adverse grade that the present invention designs be based on security performance basis on, guarantee it in various feelings
The factors such as stress condition, transmission load under condition be less than greenhouse itself load ability to bear, and the power of decelerating motor 174,
Needs when quantity and position satisfaction activity adverse grade 14 are opened, closed.
Every a piece steel structure truss of 10-15 meters of fixed settings on the east-west direction in greenhouse, the truss is fixed at
18 top of rear wall of greenhouse, the truss North and South direction setting.The standard-sized sheet roofing skylight device 17 that turns up in greenhouse is mounted on truss, temperature
The standard-sized sheet roofing skylight device 17 that turns up in room is connected with movable adverse grade 14, so that the opening and closing of realization activity adverse grade 14, utilization are existing
Greenhouse standard-sized sheet roofing turn up skylight device 17, open heliogreenhouse activity adverse grade 14 to 120 °.The collection rain pipe 1 is installed
On rear wall 18, rainwater flows into underground conservation pool 2 along the collection rain pipe 1 of rear wall of greenhouse 18；By the bottom of gusseted 15
It is fixed at the centre of rear 18 vertical height of wall, the gusseted 15 includes internal support 151 and external support 152, institute
The top for stating internal support 151 is connect with greenhouse film 21, and the top of the external support is to provide after movable adverse grade 14 is opened
The intermediate connection point of power, inside support 151 and external support 152 is fixed at rear 18 middle part of wall；To guarantee greenhouse load
Safety gives external support, and pile 16 is reinforced in setting, is installed upwardly by ground, one end is fixed on ground, and the other end withstands external branch
Support 152；For guarantee security performance, rear wall of greenhouse 18 install steel construction gusseted 15,10-15 meters of spacing so that movable
Adverse grade 14 is opened to specified angle, and frame is against in gusseted 15, reduces the effect of heliogreenhouse stress.Gusseted 15 is fixed
In the southern side of the truss, for 18 stability of stress and rear wall of greenhouse for guaranteeing gusseted 15, respectively in every group of triangle branch
It is set up under support 15 and reinforces pile 16, improved bearing capacity (such as Fig. 3).
3. the design of reservoir
Reservoir 2 is used to store the rainwater collected by movable adverse grade 14 and inclination slight slope 3.Centre underground sets up one in the greenhouse
The reservoir 2 of long 30m, wide 5m, deep 3m set up filter device 203 in 2 central location of reservoir, reservoir 2 are divided to for two portions
Point, enter pool and exhalant region, enters pool equipped with water inlet pipe 201, exhalant region is equipped with outlet pipe 202, sees Fig. 6.Because rainwater is certainly
It, may be entrainment of impurity such as tiny particles contents various in soil, dusts, in order to can during so droping to ground
With when rinsing soil, using more clean rainwater, the present invention utilizes the gravity of rainwater, floating dust natural subsidence to water storage
2 bottom of pond, then the filter device 203 by setting up, filter tiny impurity, obtain clean rainwater.
In addition, needing individually to deep-cut the depth of a water pump 10 when building reservoir 2 in outlet area bottom, being used to
Water pump 10 is placed, extraction underground storage is supplied water upwards.Water outlet end and 10 surrounding of water pump the setting filter screen of water pump 10 are used to
Secondary filter impurity, such as Fig. 6.
According to this Salt wash process conclusion, when calculating 0.07 hectare topsoil depth is 0.2 ~ 0.6 meter, the designed collection of the present invention is obtained
Rain area and 2 capacity of reservoir can substantially meet the needs of most of vegetable crop growth such as cucumber, capsicum, Leaf lettuce, but
The varieties in saline-alkali areas of root vegetable crop deep for fructus arctii etc. or thicker soil need to calculate 2 volume of reservoir according to annual rainfall.
(2) slight slope collection rain mode is tilted
1. inclination slight slope design: setting up the salt in situ of an independent triangle body framework in greenhouse southern side (i.e. the outside of front wall 19)
Alkaline earth slight slope, is wrapped up with barrier film, stores rain area to increase.To increase rainy season freshwater resources accumulation, away from sunlight
Outdoor southern side tilts slight slope 3 apart from the position setting for 0.4 meter with front wall 19, tilts and excavates water storage between slight slope 3 and front wall 19
Groove 20, rainwater flow into reservoir 2 through collecting conduit 6.The present invention design inclination the wide h in 3 north and south of slight slope be 3 meters, thing length with
The length of greenhouse front wall 19 is consistent, gradient 5% or so, and shape is right-angle prismatic column (such as Fig. 5).
2. other designs: being catchmented premised on meeting rainwater flow using DN400PVC according to conventional rain pipe design parameter
Pipeline 6.Soil losses when to prevent from raining will tilt the comprehensive plastic covering film of slight slope 3, promote the collection of rainwater.For not
With area, such as heavy salinized area, rear wall of greenhouse 18 before can inclination 3 area of slight slope being doubled or be extended directly into fills
Divide and increases collection rain face.
(3) greenhouse front roof collection rain mode
Using daylight film for greenhouse globoidal structure, rainwater is collected.DN400PVC collection rain pipe 1 is set on the inside of wall 18 afterwards, in greenhouse
DN400PVC collecting conduit 6(such as Fig. 7 is arranged in interior underground), when natural precipitation, rainwater flows into temperature along greenhouse film 21 naturally
In indoor reservoir 2, accumulation is got up.
The design of greenhouse catchment of rainfall mode includes movable adverse grade collection rain mode, front roof collection rain mode, inclination slight slope collection rain mode
Three kinds of modes, the subterranean designation reservoir 2 in greenhouse, each collection rain mode are connect with reservoir by collecting conduit 6, the fresh water of collection
It all converges in the indoor reservoir 2 of temperature.The activity adverse grade collection rain mode is that be designed as former greenhouse fixed form adverse grade can
Rainwater is flowed into reservoir 2 using the collection rain pipe 1 that rear wall 18 is arranged in by movable eversion type structure；The front roof collection rain mould
Formula is to collect rainwater using arched greenhouse canopy film 21, and collecting conduit 6 is arranged and is connected with reservoir 2；The inclination slight slope collection rain
Mode is that independent triangle body structure is set up on the outside of greenhouse front wall 19, is set up between the inclination slight slope 3 and greenhouse front wall 19
Water storage groove 20 is connected by water storage groove 20 using collecting conduit 6 with reservoir 2；Rainwater is flowed into along the inclined-plane of inclination slight slope 3
Water storage groove 20, proceeds immediately to collecting conduit 6, finally comes together in reservoir 2.
2, soil is designed every salt structure
It is described original position saline-alkali soil salt reduction technology be every on salt plate 11 be arranged 4 device of salt discharge hidden pipe, for accelerating salt water outlet；Institute
Stating 4 selection of salt discharge hidden pipe is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bellows, and outsourcing material is the sand filtering material of 8cm, prevents from blocking；The salt discharge
Hidden pipe 4 is tightly attached to be placed every on salt plate 11, is laid with along soil natural gradient direction, and breast boards 5 is passed through, using three-way pipe structure,
Each salt discharge branch pipe is connect with main salt discharging pipe, salt water is directly discharged into saline wells 7(Fig. 8 by drainage pipeline 9).The breast boards 5
Using extruded polystyrene material, engineering film is wrapped up in outside, to stop salt water to flow out；The saline wells 7 are design in greenhouse external memory
Store up salt water.Using the fresh water being collected into, using water as 3-5 times of topsoil soils volume, the 2-3 desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out, may make salt in situ
Alkaline earth earth EC value drops to 3ms.cm-1Hereinafter, substantially meeting the growth demand of vegetable crop.
(1) every salt plate selection
Soil is to be laid in salt affected soil every salt plate 11 every the design of salt structure.It is to obstruct moisture and salt regime every the effect of salt plate 11
Rule prevents the upward accumulation of salt in the surface soil of underground, while laying can reduce heat losses every salt plate 11, improve the soil moisture.Every salt
11 placement location of plate is at away from the downward 50cm of heliogreenhouse earth's surface, since moisture irrigation is the necessary condition of plant growth, day
The tired irrigation of the product moon may be damaged to every salt plate 11, therefore, it is higher must assure that it has using the material every salt plate
Heat-insulated, humidity resistance.
Plastic extrusion polystyrene board (XPS) has close, uniform closed pore formula honeycomb structure, keeps it not hygroscopic, anti-
Compressive Strength is high.Meanwhile thermal coefficient is low, good heat insulating.Present invention design is every salt plate 11 by 12 pieces of thickness 50mm, sizes
The XPS plate material of 5m*11m is spliced.To prevent plate from the possible phenomenon such as burn into aging occur, first with antiseepage before laying
Film wraps up it comprehensively.Antiseepage film is combined by polyethylene film and geotextiles, corrosion-resistant, nontoxic, tasteless, is had good
Antidecomposition ability, stability it is strong.
(2) paving mode
Saline-alkali soil in heliogreenhouse is all dug out, it may be noted that need to keep greenhouse soil face that there is gradient trend when digging out soil,
It is 50 cm that soil north highest point, which is dug out, away from surface distance, and soil face need to form 2.5% gradient, and Bei Gaonan is low, is easy to salt water row
Out.Secondly, being put into greenhouse soil with the extruded polystyrene foam board that antiseepage film wraps thick 5cm, for obstructing in soil
Moisture and salt regime, prevent the upward accumulation of salt in the surface soil of lower soil, later, the saline and alkaline original soil dug out backfilled in greenhouse again, it may be noted that return
Fill out the gradient that rear soil surface still needs to keep 2.5%.Selection will be to have every the reason of salt plate 11 is laid on away from greenhouse surface 50cm
Two o'clock, first is that conventional cultivation crop root depth is 30cm, second is that vegetables, fruit tree field are often leveled land with rotary cultivator, generally
Rotary cultivator tilling depth 20cm or so, therefore, the distance of 50cm, which both can guarantee not, influences plant growth (such as Fig. 8).
3, soil salt reduction structure designs
(1) salt reduction structure selection
Present invention design washes away salt affected soil using rainwater, to reduce its salt alkali content.In scour process, in view of certainly
The factors such as right rainfall, upper layer salt accumulation cause deep soil salt decrease speed slow, and hysteresis is obvious, to reduce soil salt
Divide accumulation, the present invention designs salt reduction structure: accelerating salt water outlet, raising desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect using hidden pipe salt discharge device.Hidden pipe salt discharge
Device selection includes: the selection of pipeline material and outsourcing filter.Follow that corrosion-resistant, permeability is good, be not easy to plug pipeline, conducive to applying
The principles such as work are screened, and finally determine polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bellows: compressive resistance height, saline-alkaline corrosion-resistant, light-weight, peace
Fill the advantages that relatively simple has.In addition, the permeable hole needs of bellows are beaten in ripple recess, both guaranteed that salt water was sufficiently outer
Row, and can avoid silt foul pipelines.Close interior thin formula is best outside the selecting of 4 outsourcing material of salt discharge hidden pipe, and is guaranteeing that salt is discharged
Water while avoid waterlogging, can prevent soil particle from blocking pipeline, and the present invention selects the sand filtering material of thickness 8cm or so, tightly wraps up
Firmly polyvinyl chloride bellows can be effectively prevented tiny soil particle logistics and enter salt discharge hidden pipe 4, causes to silt up.
(2) paving mode
Under normal conditions, with 4 spacing of salt discharge hidden pipe reduce, buried depth increase, level of ground water be averaged decrease speed become faster, drainage
Salt amount increases, and the present invention uses the polyvinyl chloride bellows of caliber 110mm, every two root canal, and spacing 6m is little according to open pore size
In former caliber 1/2, open porous with bellows when, the minimum spacing between adjacent two hole is not less than 7 times of original of institute's open pore size
Then, aperture 20mm, pitch-row 150mm(Fig. 9 are determined).Salt discharge hidden pipe 4 is tightly attached to be placed every on salt plate 11, along soil natural gradient side
To laying, passes through breast boards 5 and connect each salt discharge branch pipe with main salt discharging pipe, salt water is directly discharged into salt water using three-way pipe structure
Well 7(Figure 10).Breast boards 5 uses extruded polystyrene material, wraps up in engineering film, thickness 200mm outside.
The greenhouse is to be set up in greenhouse soil every 11 structure of salt plate every salt structure, obstructs Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil；It is described every salt
11 cloth of plate is set as away from upper soll layer 50cm；It is described every 11 structure choice material of salt plate be extruded polystyrene foam board, by 12
Block thickness 50mm, size 5m*11m XPS plate material be spliced；It is described every salt structural panel before laying first with antiseepage film pair
It is wrapped up comprehensively, and to prevent corrosion and ageing, antiseepage film is combined by polyethylene film and geotextiles.
The heliogreenhouse collection rain structure includes: movable adverse grade collection rain mode, front roof collection rain mode and inclination slight slope
Collect rain mode, collective area is increased by three kinds of modes, collects freshwater resources, is used as soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water or agricultural irrigation is used
Water.After the rainwater-collecting, carries out saline-alkali soil and wash away, reduce soil salt content.It is described every salt structure be in greenhouse soil away from ground
It is placed at table 50cm, for obstructing moisture and salt regime, prevents the upward accumulation of salt in the surface soil of underground.The salt reduction structure is located in every salt knot
On structure, for accelerate to wash away saline-alkali soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water outlet, avoid the stop that salinity is excessive.It, can by the design content
To realize saline and alkaline original soil cultivation, reduce expenses；Meanwhile effectively solving the problems, such as water resources shortage.
Embodiment 2 collects rain every the application of salt form heliogreenhouse
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, using this covering device can be solved for salt-soda soil freshwater resources it is poor with soil salt content is high asks
Topic.It is movable adverse grade structure that the present invention, which designs adverse grade, by eversion type activity adverse grade collection rain structure, tilts slight slope collection rain structure, preceding
Roofing collection rain structure, collecting conduit 6 and reservoir 2 collectively constitute.When natural precipitation, collection rainfall pattern heliogreenhouse activity adverse grade is opened
14, a part of rainwater can directly wash away salt affected soil, another part rainwater along collecting conduit 6, pass through three kinds of collection rain modes
Common accumulation rainwater, flows into underground conservation pool 2, together as soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water or agricultural irrigation water deposit.Make in plantation
Before object, it will be applied in salt affected soil every salt structure and salt reduction structure；It is placed on the position away from earth's surface 50cm every salt plate 11, tightly
Patch arranges hidden pipe salt discharge device every salt plate 11, obstructs Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil, accelerates salt water outlet.Utilize 3-5 times of topsoil soils volume
Water consumption is rinsed, 2-3 washing time can reduce soil EC value and pH value.The fresh water such as the rainwater using collection rinse in situ
After saline-alkali soil, due to the placement every salt plate 11, obstructs moisture and migrate downwards；Salt water is filled along soil natural gradient and hidden pipe salt discharge
Outflow greenhouse is set, into saline wells 7.Using this covering device, be contemplated for solving salt-soda soil greenhouse soil salt content height with it is light
The problem of water resource lacks, expands cultivation area so as to improve land utilization ratio.
It is 12.3ms.cm with EC value-1, pH value 7.8 saline-alkali soil in situ for, utilize the rainwater being collected into, carry out 3-5 times
The topsoil soils of amount, 2-3 flushing, show using rear determination data: after rain-out, salt affected soil EC value in situ and pH
Value is greatly reduced, and salt affected soil EC value in situ may make to substantially meet the growth demand of salt tolerant crop or drop to 3ms.cm-1
Hereinafter, eliminating Soil salinity stress.The vegetables of most of type are planted using the salt affected soil in situ of heliogreenhouse as a result, it is real
The nearest supply of existing locality vegetables, improves saline and alkaline land utilization ratio.
The present invention is different for different regions salt damage degree, and topsoil soils depth different problems in situ use following phase
Method is answered to be solved:
1. severe salt damage area: expanding inclination slight slope collective area, increase collection rainfall.
2. Main Agricultural irrigation water is the area of Huanghe water: nearest agricultural irrigation water first being called to rush saline-alkali soil
It washes, it is rear to be rinsed again with collection fresh water.
3. the minimum arid area of rainfall: under the premise of guaranteeing cost, using tap water as the freshwater resources of supplement.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, still can be to aforementioned implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified or replace
It changes, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of collection rain for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that: before the greenhouse includes
Wall and rear wall, are equipped with greenhouse film between the front wall and rear wall, the rear wall top end is equipped with skylight device, the skylight device
Activity adverse grade is connect with turning up, and is fixed with gusseted on the rear wall；Inclination slight slope is equipped on the outside of the front wall, it is described to incline
Water storage groove is equipped between oblique slight slope and the front wall；Wall is equipped with collection rain pipe after described；Collection is had in the greenhouse
Waterpipe, the water storage groove sum aggregate rain pipe are connected by collecting conduit with the reservoir under greenhouse middle ground；The temperature
Indoor soil face is equipped with from rear wall to the gradient in front wall direction, and soil face is equipped with every salt plate, described to set every on salt plate
Salt discharge hidden pipe is set, the salt discharge hidden pipe is buried with the upper layer of soil dug out.
2. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
The gusseted includes internal support and external support, and the internal upper end supported is connect with greenhouse film, the outside
The upper end of support is used to support the movable adverse grade after opening, and inside support and the lower end of external support are fixed in rear wall
Portion.
3. the collection rain according to claim 2 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
It is equipped with below every group of gusseted and reinforces pile, described reinforcement pile one end fixes on the ground, and the other end withstands external support.
4. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
The activity adverse grade that turns up is using the plate for being superimposed one layer of color steel tile plate in PC plate.
5. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
Drainage pipeline is equipped on the inside of the front wall, the drainage pipeline is connected with saline wells, the salt discharge hidden pipe, upper layer of soil and row
Breast boards is provided between waterpipe.
6. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
The outlet area bottom of the reservoir is equipped with water pump, and filter screen is arranged in the reservoir water outlet and water pump surrounding.
7. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
The shape of the inclination slight slope is right-angle prismatic column, and the inclination slight slope is identical as the length of front wall, and width is 2 ~ 5 meters, described
It is 4% ~ 6% that slight slope, which is tilted, from one end far from front wall to one end gradient close to front wall.
8. the collection rain according to claim 1 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
Described is 50 ~ 70cm at a distance from earth's surface every salt plate, described to be spliced every salt plate by XPS plate material.
9. the collection rain according to claim 8 for the production of varieties in saline-alkali areas vegetables is every salt form heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:
The salt discharge hidden pipe is polyvinyl chloride bellows, and the caliber of the polyvinyl chloride bellows is 100 ~ 120mm, the polyvinyl chloride
The aperture of aperture is 18 ~ 20mm on bellows, and pitch-row is 150 ~ 170mm.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110754158A (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2020-02-07 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Capillary water isolation device for preventing soil salinization and use method thereof |
| CN111350233A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-30 | 山东大学 | Northern area field greenhouse area rainfall flood resource utilization device and construction method |
| CN112400559A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-26 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Facility tomato planting method for coastal saline-alkali land based on brackish water irrigation |
| CN112970367A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-18 | 福建荣冠环境建设集团有限公司 | Technology for restoring saline-alkali soil by adopting ecological vegetation based on sponge city principle |
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