CN110323432A - A kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode materials of a kind of cation-anion co-doping and preparation method thereof, belong to the preparation technical field of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery.Technical solution of the present invention main points are as follows: a kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping, chemical formula Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1‑ xAlxO2‑yFy, wherein 0 < x≤0.05,0 y≤0.05 <.The invention further particularly discloses the preparation methods of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of the cation-anion co-doping, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface prepared using this method is smooth, and particle is uniform, and structural strength is high, tap density is big, shows excellent chemical property.Lithium-rich oxide material prepared by the present invention, since primary particle is nano particle, biggish specific surface area is conducive to the deintercalation of lithium ion in cyclic process, increases coming into full contact with for electrolyte and material, improves the capacity and cycle performance of material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation technical fields of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery, and in particular to a kind of zwitterion is total
Doped modified lithium ion battery anode material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
In recent years, as people's environmental consciousness significantly increases, lithium ion battery is being developed rapidly, especially in electronic vapour
Vehicle and energy-storage system field.It is widely applied to pursue lithium ion battery, energy density must further increase, so
Numerous researchers are dedicated to developing a kind of new anode material for lithium-ion batteries.In numerous positive electrodes, lithium-rich oxygen
Compound material is had great expectations with the advantage of its high capacity by people.Traditional positive electrode capacity is generally 100-150mAh/
G, and this its capacity of lithium-rich oxide anode material is up to 250mAh/g, significantly larger than traditional lithium ion cell positive
Material.But with the progress of charge and discharge cycles, the reversible capacity of this lithium-rich oxide material can quickly decay,
In addition, at room temperature, the irreversible capacity for the first time of the material reaches 20% or more, the monomer of this lithium ion battery undoubtedly reduced
Energy density.In order to use the lithium-rich oxide anode material the energy density that improves lithium ion battery, people are positive
Searching means are modified the cycle performance and irreversible capacity of the material.
Now, Most scholars think that lithium-rich oxide material is by Li2MnO3And LiMO2(wherein M be Mn, Ni or
One or more of Co) solid solution that is collectively formed, wherein Li2MnO3For monoclinic system, LiMO2For hexagonal crystal system.In head
In secondary cyclic process, when charging voltage is greater than 4.5V, Li2MnO3Start to activate, a large amount of Li+Deviate from from structure, and has O2It releases
It puts;And in discharge process for the first time, due to O2It is irreversible, so only 50% or so Li+It can be embedded into structure again, from
And cause lithium-rich oxide material head effect lower.In addition, spinel structure is that thermodynamics is steady due in manganese-based compound
Phase is determined, so layer structure gradually changes to spinel structure with the progress of charge and discharge cycles.
The disadvantages of low, high rate performance is poor based on lithium-rich oxide material head effect, people are usually used to be coated, is male/female
The means such as ion doping improve the chemical property of the material, to improve the energy density of lithium ion battery, accelerate the material
The commercialization process of material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, effectively solves lithium-rich oxide material inside configuration and stablizes
Property difference problem, a kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping and preparation method thereof is provided, using this
The anode material for lithium-ion batteries surface of method preparation is smooth, and particle is uniform, and structural strength is high, and tap density is big, shows excellent
Different chemical property.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that solve above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion of cation-anion co-doping
Cell positive material, it is characterised in that the chemical formula of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of the cation-anion co-doping is
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1-xAlxO2-yFy, wherein 0 < x≤0.05,0 y≤0.05 <.
The preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping of the present invention, it is characterised in that
Specific steps are as follows:
Step S1: mixed metal salt is prepared by raw material of soluble manganese salt, soluble nickel salt, soluble cobalt and aluminum soluble salt
Solution, wherein metal ion total mol concentration is 1 ~ 3mol/L;
Step S2: compound concentration be 1 ~ 10mol/L aqueous slkali be used as precipitating reagent, wherein alkali be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or
One of rubidium hydroxide is a variety of;
Step S3: the ammonia spirit that mass concentration is 2% ~ 20% is prepared as complexing agent;
Step S4: mixed salt solution, precipitating reagent and complexing agent are added to inert gas shielding atmosphere by precision metering pump
Reaction kettle in carry out coprecipitation reaction, control stirring rate is 200 ~ 1000rpm/min and maintains mixed salt solution
Flow velocity is constant, and the flow velocity by adjusting precipitating reagent and complexing agent maintains pH=9 ~ 14 of reaction system, and control reaction temperature is 30 ~
60 DEG C, it is aged 2 ~ 16h after reaction, by product washing, is dried to obtain lithium-rich oxide precursor;
Step S5: lithium-rich oxide precursor is mixed with lithium source and LiF according to the stoichiometric ratio of target product, wherein
Lithium source is one of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide or a variety of, is first warming up to 300 ~ 500 DEG C in advance with the heating rate of 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min
It is sintered 4 ~ 8h, then 700 ~ 950 DEG C of 12 ~ 18h of sintering are warming up to the heating rate of 3 ~ 8 DEG C/min, sieve is taken out in then furnace cooling
Get the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping.
Preferably, solubility manganese salt described in step S1 is one of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese chloride or a variety of;Institute
Stating soluble nickel salt is one of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel chloride or a variety of;The soluble cobalt is cobaltous sulfate, nitric acid
One of cobalt or cobalt chloride are a variety of;The aluminum soluble salt is one of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate or aluminium chloride or a variety of.
Preferably, the molar concentration of precipitating reagent described in step S2 is 3 ~ 7mol/L.
Preferably, the mass concentration of complexing agent described in step S3 is 8% ~ 15%.
Preferably, stirring rate is controlled in step S4 to be 200 ~ 500rpm/min and maintain the flow velocity of mixed salt solution
Constant, the flow velocity by adjusting precipitating reagent and complexing agent maintains pH=10 ~ 12 of reaction system, and control reaction temperature is 45 ~ 55
DEG C, it is aged 8 ~ 12h after reaction.
Preferably, hybrid mode is that wet-mixing, dry mixed or clipping the ball are one of mixed or a variety of in step S5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the present invention is during using coprecipitation preparation lithium-rich manganese base material presoma, by controlling various process parameters
Presoma primary particle pattern obtained is in nano-sheet, increases the specific surface area of material;Second particle surface is smooth, structure
Densification improves the stability of material;
2, lithium-rich oxide material prepared by the present invention, due to cation A l3+Introducing, can be with the inside of stabilizing material
Structure inhibits material to change to spinel structure, reduces the decaying of voltage, improve the cyclicity of material as the cycle progresses
Energy and high rate performance;Anion F-Introducing reduced in cyclic process for the first time instead of the position of intracell part O
O2Release, to improve the first effect of material;
3, lithium-rich oxide material prepared by the present invention, since primary particle is nano particle, biggish specific surface area has
Conducive to the deintercalation of lithium ion in cyclic process, increases coming into full contact with for electrolyte and material, improve the capacity and circulation of material
Performance;
4, the whole flow process simple process of present invention preparation lithium-rich oxide material, and it is easily achieved extensive automatic chemical industry
Industry production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram that lithium-rich oxide is made in different embodiments of the invention, and wherein a is richness prepared by embodiment 1
Lithium layered oxide Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2XRD diagram, b be embodiment 6 prepare lithium-rich oxide Li1.2
Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03XRD diagram;
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure that lithium-rich oxide is made in different embodiments of the invention, and wherein a is rich lithium layer prepared by embodiment 1
Shape oxide Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2SEM figure, b be embodiment 6 prepare lithium-rich oxide Li1.2Mn0.54
Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03SEM figure;
A and b is respectively the lithium-rich oxide prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and embodiment 6 in Fig. 3
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2And Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03The charge and discharge for the first time at 0.1C, 2.1 ~ 4.8V
Electric curve graph;
A and b is respectively the lithium-rich oxide prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and embodiment 6 in Fig. 4
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2And Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03It is 2.1 ~ 4.8V, electric current in voltage range
Cycle life curve figure when density is 1C.
Specific embodiment
Above content of the invention is described in further details by the following examples, but this should not be interpreted as to this
The range for inventing above-mentioned theme is only limitted to embodiment below, and all technologies realized based on above content of the present invention belong to this hair
Bright range.
Embodiment 1
(1) the mixing gold of manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate and cobaltous sulfate is prepared according to stoichiometric ratio Mn:Ni:Co=0.54:0.16:0.1
Belong to salting liquid, wherein metal ion total concentration is 2mol/L;Compound concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 6mol/L;It is dense to prepare quality
The ammonia spirit that degree is 12%;
(2) solution that above-mentioned 3 kinds are prepared is added in continuous stirred tank reactor simultaneously, nitrogen protection is remained in fill process
Atmosphere simultaneously maintains mixed salt solution flow velocity constant, and the flow velocity by adjusting sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia spirit maintains reaction
PH=11.5 of system, control reaction temperature are 50 DEG C, stirring rate 400rpm/min, continue stirring ageing after reaction
10h by reaction product washing, is dried to obtain lithium-rich oxide precursor;
It (3) is to mix according to molar ratio Li:Me=1.25:0.8(Me with lithium carbonate by obtained lithium-rich oxide precursor
Metal ion total mole number in salting liquid, lithium source is excessive 5%), and dry mixed is uniform in a high speed mixer, is placed in crucible,
It is calcined in air atmosphere stove, be warming up to 400 DEG C first with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min and keep the temperature 5h, then with the heating of 5 DEG C/min
Rate is warming up to 900 DEG C and keeps the temperature 15h, last furnace cooling, takes out sieving and obtains lithium-rich oxide anode material
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is specific as follows the difference from embodiment 1 is that material mol ratio is different in (1) step:
Manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobaltous sulfate and sulphur are prepared according to stoichiometric ratio Mn:Ni:Co:Al=0.54:0.16:0.09:0.01
The mixed salt solution of sour aluminium, metal ion total concentration are 2mol/L;Compound concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 6mol/L;Match
The ammonia spirit that mass concentration processed is 12%.
Finally obtain lithium-rich oxide anode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.09Al0.01O2。
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is specific as follows the difference from embodiment 1 is that material mol ratio is different in (1) step:
Manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobaltous sulfate and sulphur are prepared according to stoichiometric ratio Mn:Ni:Co:Al=0.54:0.16:0.07:0.03
The mixed salt solution of sour aluminium, metal ion total concentration are 2mol/L;Compound concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 6mol/L;Match
The ammonia spirit that mass concentration processed is 12%.
Finally obtain lithium-rich oxide anode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O2。
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is specific as follows the difference from embodiment 1 is that material mol ratio is different in (1) step:
Manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobaltous sulfate and sulphur are prepared according to stoichiometric ratio Mn:Ni:Co:Al=0.54:0.16:0.05:0.05
The mixed salt solution of sour aluminium, metal ion total concentration are 2mol/L;Compound concentration is the sodium hydroxide solution of 6mol/L;Match
The ammonia spirit that mass concentration processed is 12%.
Finally obtain lithium-rich oxide anode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.05Al0.05O2。
Embodiment 5
(1) manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate, cobaltous sulfate are prepared according to stoichiometric ratio Mn:Ni:Co:Al=0.54:0.16:0.07:0.03
With the mixed salt solution of aluminum sulfate, metal ion total concentration is 2mol/L;Compound concentration is that the sodium hydroxide of 6mol/L is molten
Liquid;Prepare the ammonia spirit that mass concentration is 12%;
(2) solution that above-mentioned 3 kinds are prepared is added in continuous stirred tank reactor simultaneously, nitrogen protection is remained in fill process
Atmosphere simultaneously maintains mixing salt solution flow velocity constant, and the flow velocity by adjusting sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia spirit maintains reaction system
PH=11.5, control reaction temperature be 50 DEG C, stirring rate 400rpm/min, continue after reaction stirring ageing 10h,
By reaction product washing, it is dried to obtain lithium-rich oxide precursor;
(3) by lithium carbonate and lithium-rich oxide precursor and LiF according to molar ratio Li:Me:LiF=1.24:0.8:0.01
(Me is metal ion total mole number in mixing salt solution, and lithium source is excessive 5%), and dry mixed is uniform in a high speed mixer, is placed in
In crucible, calcined in air atmosphere stove, be warming up to 400 DEG C first with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min and keep the temperature 5h, then with 5 DEG C/
The heating rate of min is warming up to 900 DEG C and keeps the temperature 15h, last furnace cooling, takes out sieving and obtains lithium-rich oxide anode
Material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.99F0.01。
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is in (3) step that material mol ratio is different from the difference of embodiment 5, specific as follows:
By lithium carbonate and lithium-rich oxide precursor and LiF according to molar ratio Li:Me:LiF=1.22:0.8:0.03(Me
For metal ion total mole number in mixing salt solution, lithium source excess is 5%).
Finally obtain lithium-rich oxide anode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03。
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is in (3) step that material mol ratio is different from the difference of embodiment 5, specific as follows:
By lithium carbonate and lithium-rich oxide precursor and LiF according to molar ratio Li:Me:LiF=1.2:0.8:0.05(Me
For metal ion total mole number in mixing salt solution, lithium source excess is 5%).
Finally obtain lithium-rich oxide anode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.95F0.05。
Application Example
The lithium-rich oxide anode material that each embodiment is obtained is respectively with conductive agent carbon black, binder PVDF according to matter
Amount uniformly, adds appropriate NMP and is tuned into slurry, be evenly coated on pretreated aluminium foil, in air dry oven than 8:1:1 grinding
In 80 DEG C of dry 1h, then 110 DEG C of dry 12h in a vacuum drying oven;Round positive plate is fabricated to slitter later.With the pole
Piece is anode, and metal lithium sheet is cathode, the LiPF of 1mol/L6(EC:DMC=1:1) is electrolyte, in the glove box for being full of argon gas
2032 type button cells of interior assembly.It is to test the chemical property of the material in 2.1 ~ 4.8V in voltage range.
XRD diagram shown in FIG. 1 can be seen that two kinds of materials all have α-NaFeO2Layer structure, diffraction maximum is sharp, division
Obviously, without other obvious impurity peaks;Scheme b Li between 20 ~ 22 °2MnO3Characteristic peak it is obvious, illustrate to pass through cation-anion co-doping
Miscellaneous modification can be with the internal structure of stabilizing material, the stability of reinforcing material.
SEM figure shown in Fig. 2 is it can be seen that two kinds of material primary particle patterns are in flaky nanometer structure, second particle table
Face is smooth, compact structure;Obviously become larger it can be seen from (b) by primary particle of the cation-anion co-doping after miscellaneous in figure.
First charge-discharge curve shown in Fig. 3 can be seen that the lithium-rich oxide anode material of the preparation of embodiment 1
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2(curve a) at 2.1 ~ 4.8V, first discharge specific capacity 231mAh/g, coulombic efficiency for the first time
It is 78.3%;Lithium-rich oxide anode material Li prepared by embodiment 61.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03It is (bent
Line b) is at 2.1 ~ 4.8V, first discharge specific capacity 261.5mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 83.7% for the first time, for the first time coulombic efficiency
It significantly improves.
Two kinds of materials shown in Fig. 4 when voltage range is 2.1 ~ 4.8V, and current density is 1C
Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1O2(curve a) and Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.07Al0.03O1.97F0.03(cycle life of curve b) is bent
Line chart.As seen from the figure, by the lithium-ion electric of the miscellaneous modified anode material for lithium-ion batteries preparation of cation-anion co-doping
Pond is after 50 circulations, capacity retention ratio 99.5%, better than undoped with modified 96.9%.
Embodiment above describes basic principles and main features of the invention and advantage, the technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe originals of the invention
Reason, under the range for not departing from the principle of the invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements are each fallen within
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping, it is characterised in that the miscellaneous modification of the cation-anion co-doping
The chemical formula of anode material for lithium-ion batteries is Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.16Co0.1-xAlxO2-yFy, wherein 0 < x≤0.05,0 < y≤
0.05。
2. a kind of preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping described in claim 1, special
Sign is specific steps are as follows:
Step S1: mixed metal salt is prepared by raw material of soluble manganese salt, soluble nickel salt, soluble cobalt and aluminum soluble salt
Solution, wherein metal ion total mol concentration is 1 ~ 3mol/L;
Step S2: compound concentration be 1 ~ 10mol/L aqueous slkali be used as precipitating reagent, wherein alkali be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or
One of rubidium hydroxide is a variety of;
Step S3: the ammonia spirit that mass concentration is 2% ~ 20% is prepared as complexing agent;
Step S4: mixed salt solution, precipitating reagent and complexing agent are added to inert gas shielding atmosphere by precision metering pump
Reaction kettle in carry out coprecipitation reaction, control stirring rate is 200 ~ 1000rpm/min and maintains mixed salt solution
Flow velocity is constant, and the flow velocity by adjusting precipitating reagent and complexing agent maintains pH=9 ~ 14 of reaction system, and control reaction temperature is 30 ~
60 DEG C, it is aged 2 ~ 16h after reaction, by product washing, is dried to obtain lithium-rich oxide precursor;
Step S5: lithium-rich oxide precursor is mixed with lithium source and LiF according to the stoichiometric ratio of target product, wherein
Lithium source is one of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide or a variety of, is first warming up to 300 ~ 500 DEG C in advance with the heating rate of 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min
It is sintered 4 ~ 8h, then 700 ~ 950 DEG C of 12 ~ 18h of sintering are warming up to the heating rate of 3 ~ 8 DEG C/min, sieve is taken out in then furnace cooling
Get the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping.
3. the preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping according to claim 2, special
Sign is: solubility manganese salt described in step S1 is one of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese chloride or a variety of;The solubility
Nickel salt is one of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel chloride or a variety of;The soluble cobalt is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt nitrate or chlorination
One of cobalt is a variety of;The aluminum soluble salt is one of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate or aluminium chloride or a variety of.
4. the preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping according to claim 2, special
Sign is: the molar concentration of precipitating reagent described in step S2 is 3 ~ 7mol/L.
5. the preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping according to claim 2, special
Sign is: the mass concentration of complexing agent described in step S3 is 8% ~ 15%.
6. the preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping according to claim 2, special
Sign is: controlling stirring rate in step S4 and is 200 ~ 500rpm/min and maintains the flow velocity of mixed salt solution constant, leads to
PH=10 ~ 12 of the flow velocity maintenance reaction system of precipitating reagent and complexing agent are overregulated, control reaction temperature is 45 ~ 55 DEG C, reaction knot
8 ~ 12h is aged after beam.
7. the preparation method of the miscellaneous modification lithium-ion battery anode material of cation-anion co-doping according to claim 2, special
Sign is: hybrid mode is that wet-mixing, dry mixed or clipping the ball are one of mixed or a variety of in step S5.
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CN113764647A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江帕瓦新能源股份有限公司 | Zirconium and polyanion doped modified ternary cathode material precursor, preparation method thereof and ternary cathode material |
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WO2023179048A1 (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Fluorine-aluminum co-doped lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode material and preparation method therefor |
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