CN110320230A - A kind of ground simulating device and method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density - Google Patents
A kind of ground simulating device and method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320230A CN110320230A CN201910584315.8A CN201910584315A CN110320230A CN 110320230 A CN110320230 A CN 110320230A CN 201910584315 A CN201910584315 A CN 201910584315A CN 110320230 A CN110320230 A CN 110320230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ground simulating device and method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, including testing tube, flow control valve, flowmeter, pumps, condenser, preheater, surge tank, speed regulator, stable-pressure device, temperature controller, heating surface, power supply and temperature sampler.Analogue experiment method can be by being replaced with measuring in critical heat flux density section when corresponding under experiment condition θ=315 ° under normal gravity condition with θ=135 ° by flow boiling heat transfer critical heat flux density under microgravity condition.The ground simulating device and method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention is compared with directly carrying out microgravity experiment and traditional ground simulation method, apparatus structure very simple, very convenient, good economy performance is operated, can satisfy the experiment test of different experiments operating condition；And it can be accurate, convenient and economically the critical heat flux density under the conditions of simulated microgravity, application range are obviously expanded compared to traditional analogy method on the ground.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal management technology fields under heat dissipation from microelectronic devices and microgravity condition, and in particular to a kind of micro- heavy
Force flow moves the ground simulating device and method of boiling crisis heat flow density.
Background technique
Critical heat flux density is the key parameter of Convective boiling heat transfer.Due to the missing of buoyancy under microgravity condition,
Flow boiling high heat flux density area will appear a degree of deterioration, and critical heat flux density also decreases.Therefore it obtains micro- heavy
The changing rule of flow boiling critical heat flux density under the conditions of power, for instructing dissipation from electronic devices and heat under microgravity condition
The design and operation of management system have very great meaning.However, since microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density is real
Test equipment and condition complexity and and obtain the difficulty of microgravity condition, determine that the experiment of microgravity flow boiling is difficult to
Implement and sufficiently expensive.Therefore, it is tested by the simulated experiment carried out on the ground, obtains facing for microgravity flow boiling
The approximation of boundary's heat flow density is very convenient and economic method.
Accurate, simple at present and feasible ground simulating method has not been reported.Traditional ground simulating side
In method, Lv Chengdao et al. proposed a kind of criterion of equal value of microgravity flow boiling ground simulating: ground experiment Shi Dangjia
Hot face, which is arranged straight down under Convective boiling heat transfer obtained and respective conditions, obtains flowing boiling when arranging straight up
Rise heat exchange property it is consistent when, Convective boiling heat transfer at this time is equivalent to heat exchange property under corresponding microgravity condition.But this
Critical experiment condition to be achieved needed for kind criterion of equal value is excessively harsh, and especially critical flow velocity is very high, results in obtained
Flow boiling simulated experiment data deviate from application range (usual flow velocity is not above 2m/s), lead to its analogue experiment method not
Has practicability.It accounts for leading furthermore, while there is scholar to propose inertia force in different flow boilings, i.e., often, under microgravity condition faces
The approximately equal critical flow velocity criterion of boundary's heat flow density, but this method is only used for being higher than critical flow velocity item in ground simulation
Microgravity flow boiling (critical flow velocity that such as Purdue University Zhang heat proposes is greater than 1.5m/s) under part, and lower than critical
The flow boiling of flow velocity can not simulate, therefore the scope of application is also extremely limited.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ground simulating devices of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density
And method, it is of the existing technology to overcome the problems, such as.The present invention can be easily on the ground under the conditions of simulated microgravity
Critical heat flux density finds out the accurate section of the flow boiling critical heat flux density under microgravity condition, and application range is compared
It is widely more in traditional analogy method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, including testing tube, testing tube with
Angle between horizontal plane is 0-360 ° adjustable, and the arrival end of testing tube is connected to flowmeter, flowmeter by flow control valve
Arrival end be connected to pump, the arrival end of pump is connected to condenser, and the arrival end of condenser is connected to preheater, and preheater enters
Mouth end is connected to the surge tank for storing fluid media (medium), and the arrival end of surge tank is connected to the outlet end of testing tube, connects on pump
It is connected to speed regulator, is connected with stable-pressure device on surge tank；The inner wall of testing tube is provided with for measuring temperature of fluid medium
The first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is connected to temperature controller, and the output end of temperature controller is connected to condensation
Device, the inner wall of testing tube are additionally provided with the heating surface being bonded with test inside pipe wall, and heating surface is by that can continuously adjust output work
The power supply power supply of rate, the measuring point of the first temperature sensor are located at the upstream of heating surface, are provided on heating surface for measuring heating
The second temperature sensor of face temperature, second temperature sensor are connected to temperature sampler.
Further, the cross section of testing tube is rectangle or circle.
Further, power supply is DC power supply or AC power source.
Further, the angle between testing tube and horizontal plane be 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °,
315 ° or 360 °.
A kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, it is micro- using one kind as described above
The ground simulating device of gravity flowing boiling crisis heat flow density, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the experiment condition for the flow boiling critical heat flux density for needing to predict under setting microgravity condition；
Step 2: heating surface is 135 ° according to angle between horizontal plane and is arranged, critical heat flux on the ground is measured
Density value A；
Step 3: heating surface is 315 ° according to angle between horizontal plane and is arranged, critical heat flux on the ground is measured
Density value B；
Step 4: the critical heat flux density value A that step 2 the obtains and critical heat flux density value B that step 3 obtains is formed
One closed interval, the flow boiling critical heat flux density for needing to predict under microgravity condition are located in this closed interval.
Further, experiment condition includes: the temperature of fluid media (medium) in testing tube, fluid media (medium) in testing tube in step 1
Flow velocity, testing tube cross-sectional shape and size, test overpressure and heating surface size.
Further, the temperature of fluid media (medium) is lower than the saturation temperature of fluid media (medium) in testing tube, and fluid is situated between in testing tube
The flow velocity of matter is 0.5m/s-2m/s, and testing tube cross-sectional shape is rectangle, and testing tube cross sectional dimensions is 12mm × (3-5) mm,
Test overpressure is an atmospheric pressure, and heating surface length is 1-4cm.
Further, the method for critical heat flux density value is measured in step 2 and step 3 specifically: incrementally increase power supply
Voltage increases power, judges whether critical heat flux density occurs under each power, if critical heat flux density occurs,
Critical heat flux density value is then calculated according to a upper power points for the power points；If critical heat flux density does not occur, continue to increase
Power, until critical heat flux density occurs and calculates critical heat flux density value.
Further, judge the condition whether critical heat flux density occurs are as follows: the temperature of temperature sampler acquisition is in 2s
When increasing 30 DEG C, it is determined that be critical heat flux density, be otherwise determined as critical heat flux density and do not occur.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention, it is micro- compared to being directly used in
For the device of gravity experiment, it is omitted to obtain microgravity environment and necessary microgravity equipment, Ru Luota, Luo Jing, spy
Empty rocket and space station etc. spend necessary tele-control system during sufficiently expensive equipment and microgravity experiment, because
The ground simulating device of this microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention is simple and good economy performance.In addition, this
The testing tube of the ground simulating device of the microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of invention can be according to different experiments
Operating condition is easily replaced, and not only can satisfy different in flow rate, temperature of fluid medium, test cross-sectional shape and heating surface size bar
Under part experiment test, and experimental provision design, arrangement, equipment selection can adaptation to local conditions, breach microgravity experiment device
Stringent constraint to weight, volume and energy consumption, experiment can opereating specification it is wide and operation is convenient.
The ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention is based on different gravity horizontals
With bubble motion proposes the affecting laws of boiling heat transfer in flow boiling under heating tube arranged direction: i.e. buoyancy under microgravity
On bubble-slip influence, and then to flowing boiling crisis heat flow density influence degree under normal gravity horizontal heating tube and water
Plane included angle θ=315 ° and buoyancy when θ=135 ° to its bubble-slip, that is, flow boiling critical heat flux density influence degree it
Between namely microgravity condition under flow boiling heat transfer critical heat flux density be in Chang Chongli and correspond to θ=315 ° and θ under experiment condition
It is measured at=135 ° in critical heat flux density section.
Compared to microgravity experiment method is directly carried out, microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention is utilized
Ground simulating method, it is only necessary to the experiment condition according to required for user, by measuring it in the normal gravity environment in ground
Critical heat flux density when 135 ° and 315 ° arrangements can be obtained the critical heat flux density value under microgravity condition, measurement operation step
Rapid simple, operation difficulty is low；In addition, compared to microgravity experiment and traditional ground simulation method is directly carried out, it is of the invention
The flow velocity of the ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density is compared to traditional analogy method, it is desirable that from
It reduces and is expanded to 0.5m/s is not less than not less than 1.5m/s, practicability is remarkably reinforced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the ground simulating schematic device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density；
In figure: 1, pumping；2, speed regulator；3, flowmeter；4, flow control valve；5, testing tube；6, surge tank；7, pressure stabilizing
Device；8, preheater；9, condenser；10, power supply；11, heating surface；12, temperature controller；13, temperature sampler.
Fig. 2 is flow boiling test section and heating surface arranged direction schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is flow boiling bubble force analysis figure；
Fig. 4 is the experimental verification comparison diagram of method proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, including survey
The cross section of test tube 5, testing tube 5 is rectangle or circle, and the angle between testing tube 5 and horizontal plane is 0-360 ° adjustable, is used
In the process, the angle between testing tube 5 and horizontal plane be set as 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 ° or
360 °, the arrival end of testing tube 5 is connected to flowmeter 3 by flow control valve 4, and the arrival end of flowmeter 3 is connected to pump 1, pump 1
Arrival end be connected to condenser 9, the arrival end of condenser 9 is connected to preheater 8, and the arrival end of preheater 8, which is connected to, to be used for
The surge tank 6 of fluid media (medium) is stored, the arrival end of surge tank 6 is connected to the outlet end of testing tube 5, is connected with revolving speed tune on pump 1
Device 2 is saved, is connected with stable-pressure device 7 on surge tank 6；The inner wall of testing tube 5 is provided with first for measuring temperature of fluid medium
Temperature sensor 14, the first temperature sensor 14 are connected to temperature controller 12, and the output end of temperature controller 12 is connected to cold
Condenser 9, the inner wall of testing tube 5 are additionally provided with the heating surface 11 being bonded with test inside pipe wall, and heating surface 11 is by can continuously adjust
The power supply 10 for saving output power is powered, and power supply 10 is DC power supply or AC power source, and the measuring point of the first temperature sensor 14 is located at
The upstream of heating surface 11 is provided with the second temperature sensor 15 for measuring face temperatures, second temperature on heating surface 11
Sensor 15 is connected to temperature sampler 13.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Method provided by the invention is that the critical heat flux density of microgravity can be according to heating surface direction under normal gravity condition
Corresponding critical heat flux density section is come approximate when for 135 ° of arrangements with 315 ° of arrangements.Specific operating method are as follows:
The first step determines the experiment condition for the flow boiling critical heat flux density for needing to predict under microgravity condition, experiment
Operating condition it needs to be determined that parameter are as follows: fluid media (medium) degree of supercooling, flow velocity, heating surface size, testing tube cross sectional dimensions.Wherein test
The condition that operating condition needs to have is that temperature of fluid medium is lower than its saturation temperature, and pressure is an atmospheric pressure, and heating method is single
Side heating, heating surface length is 1-4cm, and flow velocity is greater than or equal to 0.5m/s.
Second step is required according to experiment condition, the size of flow boiling testing tube is designed, further according to heating shown in Fig. 2
Face arrangement schematic diagram arranges heating surface according to 135 °.After assembling experimental system, and pass through the revolving speed and flow tune of control pump
Flow velocity is adjusted to regulation flow velocity by the aperture of section valve, by temperature controller, preheater and condenser by the temperature control of fluid media (medium)
It makes in setting value,
Third step incrementally increases the power of power supply, is tested；Calculate heat flow density corresponding to each power, and
Each heat flow density operating point is kept for two minutes, and flow boiling is waited to reach stable state and observe whether critical heat flux density is sent out
It is raw.It is divided into 3W between heat flow density when starting experiment, with the increase of power, heat flow density interval gradually reduces, when close
When critical heat flux density, the hot-fluid degree Separation control of adjacent heat flow density point is in 0.3-0.5W/cm2.When discovery temperature sampler
When the temperature of acquisition increases 30 DEG C in 2s, it is determined that be critical heat flux density, be otherwise determined as critical heat flux density not
Occur.It is determined as the generation of critical heat flux density, and the heat flow density of the previous operating point of critical heat flux density generation is true
It is set to critical heat flux density when 135 ° of arrangements.When heating surface material is p-doped silicon, and heating method is Joule heating, judgement is faced
The condition whether boundary's heat flow density occurs can be in the following way: when discovery source current and power reduce in 2 seconds
5W or more, it is determined that be critical heat flux density, be otherwise determined as critical heat flux density and do not occur.When testing tube is set as
When transparent pipe, the condition for judging whether critical heat flux density occurs can be in the following way: observation flow boiling state works as stream
When dynamic boiling is rapidly converted into film boiling by nucleate boiling, it is determined that be critical heat flux density, be otherwise determined as critical
Heat flow density does not occur.
Heating surface is arranged that remaining operates copper by the 4th step, heating surface arrangement schematic diagram according to figure 1 according to 315 °
Second step and third step carry out Chang Chongli identical with the operating condition that microgravity needs to predict and test, when test obtains 315 ° of arrangements
Critical heat flux density.
The critical heat flux density value that third step and the 4th pacing obtain two is formed a closed interval, microgravity by the 5th step
Under critical heat flux density i.e. be in this closed interval.
The ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density of the invention is based on different gravity horizontals
With bubble motion proposes the affecting laws of boiling heat transfer in flow boiling under heating surface arranged direction.Pass through flow boiling gas
The shadow that buoyancy is detached from bubble-slip and bubble under the available different heating face arranged direction (θ) of bubble dynamics Equilibrium Analysis
It rings, specific force analysis is as shown in Figure 3.Analysis is found, when 90 ° < θ < 180 °, buoyancy is conducive to bubble-slip, but is unfavorable for
Bubble is detached from, and the enhancing of bubble-slip effect at this time is detached from the weakening of effect to boiling to the invigoration effect of boiling heat transfer and bubble
Heat transfer deterioration effect can partial offset, thus close to the flow boiling behavior under microgravity condition；Similarly, when 270 ° < θ <
At 360 °, buoyancy is conducive to bubble disengaging, but is detrimental to bubble-slip, also can get close to the stream under microgravity condition at this time
Dynamic boiling behavior.In order to facilitate the progress of ground simulating, take the interval midpoint of 90 ° -180 ° and 270 ° -360 °, i.e. θ=
315 ° are further analyzed discovery with θ=135 °, and buoyancy influences bubble-slip under microgravity, and then bubble-slip convection current
The influence degree of dynamic boiling crisis heat flow density is between it to θ=315 ° and influence degree when θ=135 °, that is to say, that micro-
When flow boiling heat transfer critical heat flux density is in Chang Chongli and corresponds to θ=315 ° and θ=135 ° under experiment condition under gravity condition
It measures in critical heat flux density section, therefore the ground simulation method of proposition of the invention is theoretically feasible.
Using method provided by the invention, first can the easily critical heat under the conditions of simulated microgravity on the ground
Current density finds out the accurate section of the flow boiling critical heat flux density under microgravity condition；Second its range is compared to tradition
Analogy method it is widely more, such as flow rates demand of simulation is therefore practical from being reduced to not less than 0.5m/s not less than 1.5m/s
Property is remarkably reinforced；Third, experimental system of the present invention is simple, and operation difficulty is low, compared to directly progress microgravity experiment and tradition
Ground simulation method, economy greatly improves.
The analogy method proposed according to the present invention has carried out a series of proving and comparisom experiment, and result is as shown in figure 4, root
It is found according to Fig. 4 comparative experiments, the section CHF under microgravity condition measures critical when being in θ=315 ° Chang Chongli with θ=135 °
In heat flow density section, illustrate that this method is effective.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, which is characterized in that including testing tube
(5), the angle between testing tube (5) and horizontal plane is 0-360 ° adjustable, and the arrival end of testing tube (5) passes through flow control valve
(4) it being connected to flowmeter (3), the arrival end of flowmeter (3) is connected to pump (1), and the arrival end of pump (1) is connected to condenser (9),
The arrival end of condenser (9) is connected to preheater (8), and the arrival end of preheater (8) is connected to for storing the slow of fluid media (medium)
It rushing tank (6), the arrival end of surge tank (6) is connected to the outlet end of testing tube (5), speed regulator (2) are connected on pump (1),
Stable-pressure device (7) are connected on surge tank (6)；The inner wall of testing tube (5) is provided with first for measuring temperature of fluid medium
Temperature sensor (14), the first temperature sensor (14) are connected to temperature controller (12), the output end of temperature controller (12)
It is connected to condenser (9), the inner wall of testing tube (5) is additionally provided with the heating surface (11) being bonded with test inside pipe wall, heating surface
(11) by that can continuously adjust power supply (10) power supply of output power, the measuring point of the first temperature sensor (14) is located at heating surface
(11) upstream is provided with the second temperature sensor (15) for measuring face temperatures, second temperature on heating surface (11)
Sensor (15) is connected to temperature sampler (13).
2. a kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the cross section of testing tube (5) is rectangle or circle.
3. a kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, power supply (10) is DC power supply or AC power source.
4. a kind of ground simulating device of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the angle between testing tube (5) and horizontal plane be 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 ° or
360°。
5. a kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, using any one of claim 1-4
The ground simulating device of a kind of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: the experiment condition for the flow boiling critical heat flux density for needing to predict under setting microgravity condition；
Step 2: heating surface (11) is 135 ° according to angle between horizontal plane and is arranged, critical heat flux on the ground is measured
Density value A；
Step 3: heating surface (11) is 315 ° according to angle between horizontal plane and is arranged, critical heat flux on the ground is measured
Density value B；
Step 4: the critical heat flux density value A that step 2 the obtains and critical heat flux density value B that step 3 obtains is formed one
Closed interval, the flow boiling critical heat flux density for needing to predict under microgravity condition are located in this closed interval.
6. a kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 5,
Be characterized in that, in step 1 experiment condition include: the temperature of fluid media (medium) in testing tube, the flow velocity of fluid media (medium) in testing tube,
Testing tube cross-sectional shape and size, test overpressure and heating surface size.
7. a kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that, the temperature of fluid media (medium) is lower than the saturation temperature of fluid media (medium) in testing tube, the flow velocity of fluid media (medium) in testing tube
For 0.5m/s-2m/s, testing tube cross-sectional shape is rectangle, and testing tube cross sectional dimensions is 12mm × (3-5) mm, in testing tube
Pressure is an atmospheric pressure, and heating surface length is 1-4cm.
8. a kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that, the method for critical heat flux density value is measured in step 2 and step 3 specifically: incrementally increase supply voltage to increase
Big power, judges whether critical heat flux density occurs under each power, if critical heat flux density occurs, basis should
A upper power points for power points calculates critical heat flux density value；If critical heat flux density does not occur, continue to increase power,
Until critical heat flux density occurs and calculates critical heat flux density value.
9. a kind of ground simulating method of microgravity flow boiling critical heat flux density according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that, judges the condition whether critical heat flux density occurs are as follows: the temperature of temperature sampler acquisition increases 30 DEG C in 2s
When, it is determined that it is critical heat flux density, is otherwise determined as critical heat flux density and does not occur.
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| CN111457766A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-28 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Traction converter cooling system based on boiling heat transfer |
| CN112908121A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Supercritical carbon dioxide device for reactor thermal experiment teaching |
| CN114002262A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-01 | 重庆大学 | Four-side visible pressurized flow boiling experimental device |
| CN116542181A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-08-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Method, device and medium for determining influence characterization index |
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