CN110316779B - High-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device - Google Patents
High-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110316779B CN110316779B CN201910560482.9A CN201910560482A CN110316779B CN 110316779 B CN110316779 B CN 110316779B CN 201910560482 A CN201910560482 A CN 201910560482A CN 110316779 B CN110316779 B CN 110316779B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
- C02F1/12—Spray evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device is characterized in that: including heat accumulator, first heat pipe array, discharge, first atomizer, be close to heat accumulator department is equipped with the condensing equipment who is used for collecting solar energy, the evaporation zone of first heat pipe array is arranged in the phase transition heat-retaining material of heat accumulator, the condensation segment of first heat pipe array is located outside the heat accumulator, first atomizer is close to first heat pipe array and is located the top of the condensation segment of first heat pipe array, the one end of discharge is close to first heat pipe array, and the other end is equipped with the draught fan, still be equipped with the cold water pipe array in the discharge, the below that is located the cold water pipe array in the discharge still is equipped with first recovery tank. The brackish water/seawater desalination device is high in heat utilization rate, good in heat exchange effect, high in water vapor and fresh water generation efficiency, efficient and energy-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brackish water/seawater desalination, in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device.
Background
The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent of grant bulletin number CN 202415207U discloses a brackish water/sea water desalination device, and its structure is shown in fig. 1, including solar collector 1a, condenser 2a, compressor 3a, booster pump 4a, condenser 2a, compressor 3a all are connected with solar collector 1a, booster pump 4 a's water inlet and water supply source are connected, booster pump 4 a's delivery port is connected with solar collector 1a, still includes solar power supply unit, solar power supply unit includes solar cell panel 6a, controller 7a, group battery 8a, solar cell panel 6a, group battery 8a, booster pump 4a, condenser 2a, compressor 3a all are connected with controller 7a electricity. The brackish water/seawater desalination device converts solar energy into electric energy by using a solar cell panel 6a, stores the electric energy in a battery pack 8a, and redistributes power to a booster pump 4a and a compressor 3 a; meanwhile, the solar heat collector 1a is utilized to convert solar energy into heat energy to generate high temperature; then the booster pump 4a is communicated with a water source and sprayed on the high-temperature solar heat collector 1a to be evaporated and atomized to form steam, and the generated steam is condensed into fresh water by the condenser 2 a. The brackish water/seawater desalination device effectively utilizes solar energy, thereby relieving the dependence on traditional electric power resources and enabling the utilization of desalination equipment to better meet the requirements of low carbon and environmental protection.
However, the existing brackish water/seawater desalination device still has the following technical problems: utilize solar collector 1a to heat the water that sprays out and make it form steam, because solar collector 1a is flat generally, it is little and more surperficial with the water heat transfer area that sprays out, and the heat transfer effect is not good, and steam production efficiency is not high, leads to whole fresh water conversion efficiency not high, can not reach energy-conserving efficient purpose.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device has high heat utilization rate, good heat exchange effect and high water vapor and fresh water generation efficiency.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device is characterized in that: the solar energy heat collector comprises a heat accumulator, a first heat pipe array, a gas collecting pipe and a first atomizing nozzle, wherein the heat accumulator is stored with a phase-change heat storage material, a light gathering device used for collecting solar energy is arranged at a position close to the heat accumulator, an evaporation section of the first heat pipe array is positioned in the phase-change heat storage material of the heat accumulator and used for absorbing heat of the heat accumulator, a condensation section of the first heat pipe array is positioned outside the heat accumulator and used for leading out heat in the heat accumulator and radiating the heat to the outside atmosphere, the first atomizing nozzle is close to the first heat pipe array and positioned above the condensation section of the first heat pipe array, one end of the gas collecting pipe is close to the first heat pipe array, an induced draft fan is arranged at the other end of the gas collecting pipe and used for leading hot and humid air formed nearby the condensation section of the first heat pipe array into the gas collecting pipe, and a cold water pipe array is also arranged in the gas collecting pipe and used for condensing the hot and humid air in the gas collecting pipe into fresh water, and a first recovery tank for collecting fresh water is also arranged in the gas collecting pipe and below the cold water pipe array.
After adopting the structure, the invention has the following advantages:
the high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device utilizes the heat accumulator to absorb and store solar energy, then leads out the heat stored in the heat accumulator through the heat pipe and radiates the heat to the external atmosphere, and as the condensation section of the heat pipe can be made into high-efficiency radiating fins in various shapes as required, the device can convert the solar energy into large-area high-grade heat energy which is uniformly distributed, thereby heating the air in the corresponding area; then, the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny water droplets by utilizing an atomizing nozzle and uniformly sprayed in the hot air in the area, the water droplets atomized into tiny particles are easily heated into steam by large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air due to the fact that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, the steam generation efficiency is high, and the water droplets are easily in a near-saturated state; in addition, the condensing section of the heat pipe increases the ambient temperature of a local area, and the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the humidity is when the air is saturated, so that the moisture content of the hot air is greatly increased when the hot air is in a nearly saturated state, and the conversion efficiency of fresh water is improved; in addition, after the condensing section of the heat pipe sprays cold water with relatively low temperature, the cold water is evaporated and absorbed, so that the condensing section of the heat pipe is cooled, the temperature difference between the condensing section and the evaporating section of the heat pipe is increased, the working efficiency of the heat pipe is improved, and the generation efficiency of water vapor is further improved.
Preferably, a transparent cover body is further arranged at one end, close to the first heat pipe array, of the gas collecting pipe, and is used for surrounding the heat accumulator, the first heat pipe array and the first atomizing nozzle in the transparent cover body and enabling the wet and hot steam generated in the transparent cover body to be led to the gas collecting pipe in a sealed mode. This setting can be kept apart the regional of heat pipe local heating with other outside regions to can prevent that the heat from escaping, further improve vapor production efficiency, and more be favorable to making damp and hot air all carry out fresh water conversion through the discharge, it is more energy-conserving high-efficient.
Preferably, the system also comprises a preheating tank, wherein the preheating tank is communicated with a brackish water/seawater water source through a first pipeline, and the first atomizing nozzle is communicated with the water phase in the preheating tank through a second pipeline. The device can preheat brackish water/seawater, further improves the water vapor generation rate, and has higher fresh water conversion efficiency.
Preferably, a second recovery tank is further arranged below the first atomization nozzle on the ground and used for recovering the high-salinity brackish water/seawater which is heated and evaporated by the first heat pipe array, and the water recovered in the second recovery tank is further communicated with the preheating tank through a third pipeline. The arrangement not only can recover the brackish water/seawater with high salinity, but also can recover the preheated brackish water/seawater.
As preferred, the one end that the discharge was equipped with the draught fan still is equipped with the muffler, the muffler is once buckling backward at least, still includes the second heat pipe array of horizontal setting, the evaporation zone setting of second heat pipe array is at the discharge just near the inlet end of cold water pipe array, the condensation segment of second heat pipe array is located the muffler, still including stretching into the second atomizer that just is located the condensation segment top of second heat pipe array in the return air pipe, the second atomizer is linked together through fourth pipeline and brackish water/sea water source. The air return pipe is arranged, so that heat energy at the air inlet end of the cold water pipe array can be discharged in an accelerated manner by utilizing the second heat pipe array, moist and hot water vapor is condensed quickly, the efficiency of water production by desalination is higher, external wind cannot enter directly due to the arrangement of the air return pipe, wind power can be greatly reduced due to the change of direction, the interference of external airflow on the circulation of the internal water vapor is greatly reduced, and the work is more reliable; in addition, the second atomizing nozzle can further accelerate the working efficiency of the second heat pipe array, and the condensation effect is better.
Preferably, the air return pipe is in a snake shape, the induced draft fan is installed on the upper portion of a door plate, and the door plate is installed at the end portion of the outlet of the gas collecting pipe in an openable mode. This arrangement further reduces the ingress of ambient air into the collector.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problems that: provides a high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination method with high heat utilization rate, good heat exchange effect and high water vapor and fresh water generation efficiency.
The other technical solution of the invention is as follows: an efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
(1) storing solar energy in a phase-change heat storage material by using a light gathering device and a heat accumulator in the daytime;
(2) the evaporation section of the first heat pipe array absorbs heat in the heat accumulator, and the heat is led out and radiated to the atmosphere through the condensation section of the first heat pipe array so as to heat air in a corresponding area, thereby forming large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air;
(3) atomizing the brackish water/seawater into tiny large-area water fog drops by using a first atomizing nozzle, and uniformly spraying the tiny large-area water fog drops on the large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air formed in the step (2);
(4) the water mist drops are rapidly heated to form wet and hot water vapor in a nearly saturated state, and salt is separated out;
(5) the damp and hot water vapor is introduced into the gas collecting pipe by the induced draft fan and is condensed into fresh water when passing through the cold water pipe array.
After the method is adopted, the invention has the following advantages:
the high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination method utilizes the heat accumulator to absorb and store solar energy, then leads out and radiates out the heat stored in the heat accumulator through the heat pipe, and because the condensation section of the heat pipe can be made into high-efficiency radiating fins in various shapes as required, the solar energy can be converted into large-area, high-grade and uniformly distributed heat energy, thereby heating the air in the corresponding area; then, the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny water droplets by utilizing an atomizing nozzle and uniformly sprayed in the hot air in the area, the water droplets atomized into tiny particles are easily heated into steam by large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air due to the fact that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, the steam generation efficiency is high, and the water droplets are easily in a near-saturated state; in addition, the condensing section of the heat pipe increases the ambient temperature of a local area, and the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the humidity is when the air is saturated, so that the moisture content of the hot air is greatly increased when the hot air is in a nearly saturated state, and the conversion efficiency of fresh water is improved; in addition, after the condensing section of the heat pipe sprays cold water with relatively low temperature, the cold water is evaporated and absorbed, so that the condensing section of the heat pipe is cooled, the temperature difference between the condensing section and the evaporating section of the heat pipe is increased, the working efficiency of the heat pipe is improved, and the generation efficiency of water vapor is further improved.
Preferably, in the step (1), the brackish water/seawater is heated by the preheating tank in daytime, and the preheated water in the preheating tank is conveyed to the first atomizing nozzle. The device can preheat brackish water/seawater, further improves the water vapor generation efficiency, and has better fresh water conversion effect.
Preferably, in the step (1), salt is added to the bottom of the preheating tank, and then the brackish water/seawater is introduced into the preheating tank through the first pipeline, so that the density of the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is greater than that of the brackish water/seawater at the top, and the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is saturated with salt, and then the preheated brackish water/seawater is introduced into the first atomizing nozzle through the second pipeline at the middle liquid level of the preheating tank. The bottom salinity is saturated, density is high, though the water of messenger's bottom is hot but difficult floating, and the heat is difficult for losing, helps preheating the pond and utilizes solar energy to carry out the heat accumulation to it can also guarantee higher temperature to draw water to first atomizer from the intermediate level, and need not extra power.
Preferably, in the step (3), the high-salinity brackish water/seawater which is remained after being heated and evaporated by the first heat pipe array is collected by a second recovery tank which is arranged below the first atomizer, and the recovered brackish water/seawater is reintroduced into the preheating tank through a third pipeline, wherein the salinity of the brackish water/seawater collected by the second recovery tank is greater than the salinity of the brackish water/seawater which enters the first atomizer. The device can recover the brackish water/seawater and also can preheat the brackish water/seawater with higher salt content, so that the brackish water/seawater with higher salt content can be placed at the bottom of the preheating tank, and the use amount of salt can be reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional brackish water/seawater desalination plant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a brackish water/seawater desalination plant according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the gas collecting tube and the gas returning tube in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a brackish water/seawater desalination plant according to example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preheating bath in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second pipeline in embodiment 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
in the prior art figures: 1 a-a solar heat collector, 2 a-a condenser, 3 a-a compressor, 4 a-a booster pump, 6 a-a solar panel, 7 a-a controller and 8 a-a battery pack;
in the figure of the invention: 1-a heat accumulator, 2-a first heat pipe array, 3-a first atomizer, 4-a gas collecting pipe, 5-a light gathering device, 6-an evaporation section of the first heat pipe array, 7-a condensation section of the first heat pipe array, 8-an induced draft fan, 9-a cold water pipe array, 10-a first recovery tank, 11-a second recovery tank, 12-a transparent cover body, 13-a gas return pipe, 14-a brackish water/seawater source, 15-a preheating tank, 16-a second heat pipe array, 17-an evaporation section of the second heat pipe array, 18-a condensation section of the second heat pipe array, 19-an upper cover, 20-a tank body, 21-a PC sunlight plate or an ETFE inflating membrane, 22-an anti-fog membrane, 23-an anti-ultraviolet membrane, 24-a concrete frame and 25-a heat insulation layer, 26-black film, 27-second atomizer, 28-controllable high-voltage discharge device, 29-water inlet, 30-first pipeline, 31-second pipeline, 32-third pipeline and 33-fourth pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
an efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device comprises a heat accumulator 1 storing a phase-change heat storage material, a first heat pipe array 2, a gas collecting pipe 4 and a first atomizing nozzle 3 communicated with a brackish water/seawater water source 14, wherein heat pipes generally comprise an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section, a light gathering device 5 used for collecting solar energy is arranged near the heat accumulator 1, the evaporation section 6 of the first heat pipe array 2 is positioned in the phase-change heat storage material of the heat accumulator 1 and used for absorbing heat of the heat accumulator 1, the condensation section 7 of the first heat pipe array 2 is positioned outside the heat accumulator 1 and used for leading out heat in the heat accumulator 1 and radiating the heat to the outside atmosphere, the first atomizing nozzle 3 is close to the first heat pipe array 2 and positioned above the condensation section 7 of the first heat pipe array 2, one end of the gas collecting pipe 4 is close to the first heat pipe array 2, the other end is equipped with draught fan 8 and is used for leading into the discharge tube 4 near the moist hot air that forms of condensation segment 7 of first heat pipe array 2, still be equipped with cold water pipe array 9 in the discharge tube 4 and be used for becoming the fresh water with the moist hot air condensation in the discharge tube 4, be located the first recovery tank 10 that is used for collecting the fresh water in the discharge tube 4 below of cold water pipe array 9 still.
The high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device utilizes the heat accumulator 1 to absorb and store solar energy, then leads out and radiates out heat stored in the heat accumulator through the heat pipe, and because the condensation section of the heat pipe can be made into high-efficiency radiating fins in various shapes as required, the solar energy can be converted into large-area, high-grade and uniformly distributed heat energy, so that the air in the corresponding area is heated; then, the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny water droplets by utilizing an atomizing nozzle and uniformly sprayed in the hot air in the area, the water droplets atomized into tiny particles are easily heated into steam by large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air due to the fact that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, the steam generation efficiency is high, and the water droplets are easily in a near-saturated state; in addition, the condensing section of the heat pipe increases the ambient temperature of a local area, and the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the humidity is when the air is saturated, so that the moisture content of the hot air is greatly increased when the hot air is in a nearly saturated state, and the conversion efficiency of fresh water is improved; in addition, after the condensing section of the heat pipe sprays cold water with relatively low temperature, the cold water is evaporated and absorbed, so that the condensing section of the heat pipe is cooled, the temperature difference between the condensing section and the evaporating section of the heat pipe is increased, the working efficiency of the heat pipe is improved, and the generation efficiency of water vapor is further improved.
Preferably, a transparent cover body 12 is further arranged at one end of the gas collecting pipe 4 close to the first heat pipe array 2, and is used for enclosing the heat accumulator 1, the first heat pipe array 2 and the first atomizer 3 in the transparent cover body 12 and enabling the moist heat steam generated in the transparent cover body 12 to be closely led to the gas collecting pipe 4. This setting can be kept apart the regional of heat pipe local heating with other outside regions to can prevent that the heat from escaping, further improve vapor production efficiency, and more be favorable to making damp and hot air all carry out fresh water conversion through discharge 4, it is more energy-conserving high-efficient.
Preferably, the outer surfaces of the first heat pipe array 2 and the heat accumulator 1 are both required to be subjected to anti-corrosion coating treatment, and diamond or diamond-like carbon coating treatment can be adopted. The arrangement can improve the corrosion resistance without affecting the heat transfer performance.
Preferably, the top of the gas collecting pipe 4 between the condensation section 7 of the first heat pipe array and the gas inlet end of the cold water pipe array 9 is first inclined in the downward direction by 5-10 degrees along the horizontal plane, as shown in section B of fig. 7, then is kept horizontal with the horizontal plane, as shown in section C of fig. 7, then is inclined in the upward direction by 5-10 degrees, as shown in section D of fig. 7, and then is kept horizontal with the horizontal plane, as shown in section E of fig. 7. The arrangement can enable a small part of fresh water droplets condensed on the top of the gas collecting pipe 4 to only flow to the upper part of the first recovery tank 10 by virtue of gravity, and in order to prevent water droplets from being accumulated on the inner surface of the gas collecting pipe 4, the inner surface of the gas collecting pipe 4 is subjected to condensation resistance treatment, and the gas collecting pipe 4 can adopt a PC sunlight plate or an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) film material.
Preferably, the gas collecting pipe 4 is provided with the one end of draught fan 8 and still is equipped with muffler 13, muffler 13 is once buckling backward at least, still includes the second heat pipe array 16 of horizontal setting, the evaporation zone 17 of second heat pipe array 16 sets up in the gas collecting pipe 4 and is close to the inlet end of cold water pipe array 9, the condensation segment 18 of second heat pipe array 16 is located muffler 13, still including stretching into muffler 13 and being located the second atomizer 27 of the condensation segment 18 top of second heat pipe array 16, second atomizer 27 is linked together with brackish water/sea water source 14 through fourth pipeline 33. The air return pipe 13 is arranged, so that heat energy at the air inlet end of the cold water pipe array 9 can be discharged in an accelerated manner by utilizing the second heat pipe array 16, moist and hot water vapor is condensed quickly, the efficiency of water production by desalination is higher, external wind cannot enter directly due to the arrangement of the air return pipe 13, wind power is greatly reduced due to the change of direction, the interference of external airflow on the circulation of the internal water vapor is greatly reduced, and the work is more reliable; in addition, the second atomizer 27 can further accelerate the working efficiency of the second heat pipe array 16, and the condensation effect is better.
Preferably, the cold water pipe array 9 is bent in a serpentine shape or a matrix shape, and can be connected through a flange in a module mode, and fins for enhancing the condensation effect can be additionally arranged outside the pipe according to the requirement. This arrangement can make the cold water pipe array 9 condensation effect better.
Preferably, the air return pipe 13 is serpentine, the induced draft fan 8 is installed on the upper portion of a door plate, and the door plate is installed at the outlet end of the gas collecting pipe 4 in an openable manner. This arrangement further reduces the ingress of ambient air into the header 4.
Preferably, the light-gathering device 5 comprises a plurality of mirror assemblies uniformly distributed around the heat accumulator 1, and the plurality of mirror assemblies form a plurality of light-gathering spots around the heat accumulator 1. The light condensing device 5 is simple in structure, can uniformly heat the heat accumulator 1, and is good in heating effect.
Preferably, the cold water pipe array 9 is in communication with a source 14 of brackish/seawater water at a depth from the water/sea level. The arrangement can keep the cold water pipe array 9 at a lower temperature, and the condensation effect is better.
Preferably, the high-voltage discharge device 28 is arranged in the gas collecting pipe 4 and positioned above the cold water pipe array 9. The high voltage discharge device 28 ionizes ions as condensation nuclei, resulting in higher condensation efficiency.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the following structure is added on the basis of embodiment 1:
the device also comprises a preheating tank 15, wherein the preheating tank 15 is communicated with a brackish water/seawater source 14 through a first pipeline 30, and the first atomizing nozzle 3 is communicated with the water phase in the preheating tank 15 through a second pipeline 31;
the preheating tank 15 comprises a tank body 20 and an upper cover 19, wherein the upper cover 19 comprises a cover body made of a PC sunlight plate or an ETFE inflating film 21, an anti-fog film 22 arranged on the inner surface of the cover body and an anti-ultraviolet film 23 arranged on the outer surface of the cover body, the tank body 20 comprises a concrete frame 24 coated with concrete cloth, a black film 26 coated in the concrete frame 24 and a heat-insulating layer 25 arranged outside the concrete frame 24, and the heat-insulating layer 25 can be made of foam or foamed plastic;
a second recovery tank 11 is also arranged below the first atomizing nozzle 3 on the ground and used for recovering the brackish water/seawater heated by the first heat pipe array 2, and the water recovered in the second recovery tank 11 is also communicated with a preheating tank 15 through a third pipeline 32;
the upper surface and the side surface of one end of the second pipeline 31 and the third pipeline 32 extending into the preheating pool 15 are both closed, and the lower surface is provided with a water inlet 29.
Example 3:
an efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination method comprises the following steps:
(1) solar energy is stored in the phase-change heat storage material by using the light gathering device 5 and the heat accumulator 1 in the daytime;
(2) the evaporation section 6 of the first heat pipe array 2 absorbs heat in the heat accumulator 1, and the heat is led out and radiated to the atmosphere through the condensation section 7 of the first heat pipe array 2 to heat air in a corresponding area, so that large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air is formed;
(3) the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny large-area water fog drops by utilizing the first atomizing nozzle 3, and the tiny large-area water fog drops are uniformly sprayed on the large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air formed in the step 2;
(4) the water mist drops are rapidly heated to form wet and hot water vapor in a nearly saturated state, and salt is separated out;
(5) the damp and hot water vapor is introduced into the gas collecting pipe 4 by the induced draft fan 8 and condensed into fresh water while passing through the cold water pipe array 9.
The high-efficiency energy-saving brackish water/sea water desalination method utilizes the heat accumulator 1 to absorb and store solar energy, then leads out and radiates out heat stored in the heat accumulator through the heat pipe, and as the condensation section of the heat pipe can be made into high-efficiency radiating fins in various shapes as required, the solar energy can be converted into large-area, high-grade and uniformly distributed heat energy, so that the air in the corresponding area is heated; then, the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny water droplets by utilizing an atomizing nozzle and uniformly sprayed in the hot air in the area, the water droplets atomized into tiny particles are easily heated into steam by large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air due to the fact that the heat exchange area is greatly increased, the steam generation efficiency is high, and the water droplets are easily in a near-saturated state; in addition, the condensing section of the heat pipe increases the ambient temperature of a local area, and the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the humidity is when the air is saturated, so that the moisture content of the hot air is greatly increased when the hot air is in a nearly saturated state, and the conversion efficiency of fresh water is improved; in addition, after the condensing section of the heat pipe sprays cold water with relatively low temperature, the cold water is evaporated and absorbed, so that the condensing section of the heat pipe is cooled, the temperature difference between the condensing section and the evaporating section of the heat pipe is increased, the working efficiency of the heat pipe is improved, and the generation efficiency of water vapor is further improved.
Preferably, in the step (1), the brackish/seawater is also heated by the preheating tank 15 during daytime, and the preheated water in the preheating tank 15 is delivered to the first atomizer 3. The device can preheat brackish water/seawater, further improves the water vapor generation efficiency, and has higher fresh water conversion efficiency.
Preferably, in the step (1), salt is added to the bottom of the preheating tank 15, and then the brackish water/seawater is introduced into the preheating tank 15 through the first pipeline 30, so that the density of the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is greater than that of the brackish water/seawater at the top and the salt content of the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is saturated, and then the preheated brackish water/seawater is introduced into the first atomizer head 3 through the second pipeline 31 at the middle liquid level of the preheating tank 15. The bottom salt is saturated, density is high, though the water of messenger's bottom is hot but difficult floating, and the heat is difficult for scattering and disappearing, helps preheating the pond 15 and utilizes solar energy to carry out the heat accumulation to it can also guarantee higher temperature to draw water to first atomizer 3 from the intermediate level, and need not extra power.
Preferably, in the step (3), the high salinity brackish water/seawater remaining after being heated and evaporated by the first heat pipe array 2 is collected by the second recovery tank 11 disposed below the first atomizer 3, and the recovered brackish water/seawater is reintroduced into the preheating tank 15 through the third pipeline 32, and the salinity of the brackish water/seawater collected by the second recovery tank 11 is greater than the salinity of the brackish water/seawater entering the first atomizer 3. The device can recover the brackish water/seawater and also can preheat the brackish water/seawater with higher salt content, so that the brackish water/seawater with higher salt content can be placed at the bottom of the preheating tank 15, and the use amount of salt can be reduced.
Preferably, in the step (5), when the damp and hot water vapor passes through the cold water pipe array 9, the controllable high-voltage discharge device 28 arranged in the gas collecting pipe 4 is also started to work. The arrangement can utilize the high-voltage discharge device 28 to ionize ions as condensation nuclei, and the condensation efficiency is higher.
Claims (7)
1. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination device is characterized in that: the solar energy heat storage device comprises a heat accumulator (1) storing a phase-change heat storage material, a first heat pipe array (2), a gas collecting pipe (4), a first atomizing nozzle (3) communicated with a brackish water/seawater water source (14), a light condensing device (5) used for collecting solar energy is arranged at a position close to the heat accumulator (1), an evaporation section (6) of the first heat pipe array (2) is located in the phase-change heat storage material of the heat accumulator (1) and used for absorbing heat of the heat accumulator (1), a condensation section (7) of the first heat pipe array (2) is located outside the heat accumulator (1) and used for leading out heat in the heat accumulator (1) and radiating the heat to the outside atmosphere, the first atomizing nozzle (3) is close to the first heat pipe array (2) and located above the condensation section (7) of the first heat pipe array (2), one end of the gas collecting pipe (4) is close to the first heat pipe array (2), the other end of the heat pipe array is provided with an induced draft fan (8) for introducing hot and humid air formed near a condensation section (7) of the first heat pipe array (2) into the gas collecting pipe (4), a cold water pipe array (9) for condensing the hot and humid air in the gas collecting pipe (4) into fresh water is also arranged in the gas collecting pipe (4), and a first recovery tank (10) for collecting the fresh water is also arranged below the cold water pipe array (9) in the gas collecting pipe (4);
a transparent cover body (12) is further arranged at one end, close to the first heat pipe array (2), of the gas collecting pipe (4) and used for surrounding the heat accumulator (1), the first heat pipe array (2) and the first atomizing nozzle (3) in the transparent cover body (12) and enabling moist and hot steam generated in the transparent cover body (12) to be led to the gas collecting pipe (4) in a sealed mode;
the device is characterized in that an air return pipe (13) is further arranged at one end, provided with an induced draft fan (8), of the air collection pipe (4), the air return pipe (13) is bent backwards at least once, the device further comprises a second heat pipe array (16) which is transversely arranged, an evaporation section (17) of the second heat pipe array (16) is arranged in the air collection pipe (4) and is close to an air inlet end of the cold water pipe array (9), a condensation section (18) of the second heat pipe array (16) is located in the air return pipe (13), the device further comprises a second atomization nozzle (27) which extends into the air return pipe (13) and is located above the condensation section (18) of the second heat pipe array (16), and the second atomization nozzle (27) is communicated with a brackish water/seawater water source (14) through a fourth pipeline (33);
the air return pipe (13) is snakelike, the induced draft fan (8) is installed on the upper portion of a door plate, and the door plate can be installed at the outlet end portion of the gas collecting pipe (4) in an opening and closing mode.
2. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the device is characterized by further comprising a preheating pool (15), wherein the preheating pool (15) is communicated with a brackish water/seawater water source (14) through a first pipeline (30), and the first atomizing nozzle (3) is communicated with a water phase in the preheating pool (15) through a second pipeline (31).
3. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and a second recovery tank (11) is also arranged below the first atomizing nozzle (3) on the ground and used for recovering the high-salinity brackish water/seawater which is remained after being heated and evaporated by the first heat pipe array (2), and the water recovered in the second recovery tank (11) is also communicated with the preheating tank (15) through a third pipeline (32).
4. A method for efficient energy-saving desalination of brackish water/sea water by means of an efficient energy-saving desalination plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: it comprises the following steps:
(1) solar energy is stored in the phase-change heat storage material by using the light gathering device (5) and the heat accumulator (1) in the daytime;
(2) the evaporation section (6) of the first heat pipe array (2) absorbs heat in the heat accumulator (1), and the heat is led out and radiated to the atmosphere through the condensation section (7) of the first heat pipe array (2) to heat air in a corresponding area, so that large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air is formed;
(3) the brackish water/seawater is atomized into tiny large-area water fog drops by utilizing a first atomizing nozzle (3), and the tiny large-area water fog drops are uniformly sprayed on the large-area, high-grade, three-dimensional and uniformly-distributed hot air formed in the step (2);
(4) the water mist drops are rapidly heated to form wet and hot water vapor in a nearly saturated state, and salt is separated out;
(5) the damp and hot water vapor is introduced into the gas collecting pipe (4) by the induced draft fan (8) and is condensed into fresh water when passing through the cold water pipe array (9).
5. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination process according to claim 4, characterized by: in the step (1), the brackish water/seawater is heated by the preheating tank (15) in the daytime, and the preheated water in the preheating tank (15) is conveyed to the first atomizing nozzle (3).
6. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination process according to claim 5, characterized by: in the step (1), salt is added to the bottom of the preheating tank (15), then the brackish water/seawater is introduced into the preheating tank (15) through the first pipeline (30) so that the density of the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is greater than that of the brackish water/seawater at the upper part, the salinity of the brackish water/seawater at the bottom is saturated, and then the preheated brackish water/seawater is introduced into the first atomizing nozzle (3) through the second pipeline (31) at the middle liquid level of the preheating tank (15).
7. An efficient and energy-saving brackish water/seawater desalination process according to claim 6, characterized by: and in the step (3), the bitter/seawater with high salinity remained after being heated and evaporated by the first heat pipe array (2) is collected through a second recovery tank (11) arranged below the first atomizing nozzle (3), and the recovered bitter/seawater is reintroduced into the preheating pool (15) through a third pipeline (32), wherein the salinity of the bitter/seawater collected by the second recovery tank (11) is greater than that of the bitter/seawater entering the first atomizing nozzle (3).
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