CN110313427B

CN110313427B - Ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110313427B
Application number: CN201910668405.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨品红; 李梦军; 张运生
Original assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Current assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Priority date: 2019-07-23
Filing date: 2019-07-23
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-23
Also published as: CN110313427A

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological pearl culturing system for pearl culture and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of freshwater aquaculture, the ecological pearl culturing system for pearl culture can provide an optimal growth environment for pearl culturing mussels through scientific and reasonable culture management, simultaneously adopts a precise feeding mode, provides nutrient substances for the pearl culturing mussels based on a slow release principle, does not need to fertilize for feeding to ensure the nutrient substance intake of the pearl culturing mussels, achieves the same feeding effect by using a smaller amount of nutrient substances, further reduces unnecessary waste, on one hand, is convenient for the pearl culturing mussels to effectively and quickly absorb the nutrient substances, on the other hand, can reduce the probability of water eutrophication, prevents the water body from polluting and threatening the growth of the pearl culturing mussels, and on the other hand, can also adopt a mode of water hyacinth absorbing redundant nutrient substances to prevent water eutrophication, and takes water hyacinth as a raw material of the nutrient substances, the transfer and the recycling of nutrient substances are completed, and the maximum utilization of resources is realized.

Description

Ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater aquaculture, in particular to an ecological pearl culturing system for pearl culture and a using method thereof.

Background

Pearl is a colorful, glittering and translucent, rare and rare ornament, is deeply popular with people, and can be processed and refined into various ornaments such as necklaces, bracelets, ornaments and the like. The pearl is rich in amino acids and various trace elements, so that the pearl is a rare traditional Chinese medicine and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, calming the nerves and arresting convulsion, improving eyesight and relieving pain, astringing and promoting granulation.

The pearl has the scores of natural pearl and cultured pearl, more than 90% of the pearl on the market at present is artificially cultured pearl, the cultured pearl has the scores of sea pearl and fresh water pearl, with the increasing of the population number in the world, the consumption of marine pearl products is continuously increased, at present, the natural pearl is few, as such, the development of cultured pearl becomes one of the key points of various countries, Japan has a mature pearl culture technology, China needs to strengthen learning, provides technical support for the more rapid and healthy development of the aquaculture industry in China, the yield of the fresh water pearl in China is the top of the world, but the quality is not ideal, at present, the number of young clams cultured in China each year is nearly hundreds of millions, the number of the cultured pearl clams can reach 5-8, but because of the death of the disease of the mussels, the yield of the commodity pearl clams and the pearl can be more than one time higher than the current pearl every year.

The artificial pearl culture has a long history in China, mainly in natural water areas such as rivers, lakes and the like, or natural and artificial ponds are used for hanging and culturing pearls, a small amount of filter-feeding fishes are generally mixedly cultured in water, sprinkling organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer and the like to water to culture floating crops as bait of the pearl mussel, but using a large amount of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer and the like, the mussel cannot be absorbed at one stroke after being fed by conventional breeding and fertilizing, and a large amount of organic matters are precipitated, water eutrophication is easily caused, meanwhile, a large amount of fish excrement and residual bait residues are deposited at the bottom of the water body, so that the organic matters at the bottom of the water body are continuously accumulated, carbon dioxide is easily generated by fermentation, the water body is seriously anoxic, the pH value is unbalanced, the pearl yield is low, even pearl mussel death is easily caused, and the polluted water body is directly discharged, so that the environmental pollution is easily caused, and the human health is even threatened.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ecological pearl culturing system for culturing pearls and a using method thereof, which can provide an optimal growth environment for pearl culturing mussels through scientific and reasonable culture management, simultaneously adopts a precise feeding mode, provides nutrient substances for the pearl culturing mussels based on a slow release principle, does not need to fertilize and feed in large quantity to ensure the nutrient substance intake of the pearl culturing mussels, achieves the same feeding effect by using a smaller quantity of nutrient substances, further reduces unnecessary waste, is convenient for the pearl culturing mussels to effectively and quickly absorb the nutrient substances on one hand, can reduce the probability of water eutrophication on the other hand, prevents the water pollution from threatening the growth of the pearl culturing mussels, can also adopt a mode of absorbing redundant nutrient substances by using water hyacinths to prevent the water eutrophication, and uses the water hyacinths as a raw material of the nutrient substances to complete the transfer and recycle of the nutrient substances, and the maximum utilization of resources is realized.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl culture comprises a pearl culturing pool, a clean water pool and a sewage pool, wherein a first water suction pump is installed in the clean water pool, a second water suction pump is installed in the sewage pool, a hanging net cage is placed in the pearl culturing pool, the left end and the right end of the hanging net cage are both fixedly connected with connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod, which is far away from the hanging net cage, is fixedly connected with a slide block, the left end wall and the right end wall of the pearl culturing pool are fixedly connected with guide rails, the slide blocks are in sliding connection with the guide rails, one end of the bank of the pearl culturing pool is fixedly connected with an L-shaped stand column, the L-shaped stand column is provided with a first electric push rod, the output end of the first electric push rod is fixedly connected with an extension rod, the extension rod is fixedly connected with the connecting rods, the other end of the bank of the pearl culturing pool is fixedly connected with a base stand column, the upper end of the base stand column is chiseled with a motor groove, and a motor is installed in the motor groove, the utility model discloses a feed plate, including motor, fixed plate, flitch are thrown to the output fixedly connected with fixed plate of motor, fixed plate lower extreme fixedly connected with second electric putter, the flitch is thrown to second electric putter's output fixedly connected with, throw flitch upper end fixedly connected with storage case, the storage incasement is filled with the nutrient solution, the intercommunication has the drain pipe on the storage case, install the solenoid valve on the drain pipe, throw the honeycomb duct of a plurality of evenly distributed of flitch lower extreme fixedly connected with, the drain pipe is through a plurality of tubules and honeycomb duct intercommunication.

Further, the hanging cage comprises a box body and a pair of box doors, the box doors are hinged with the upper end of the box body through first elastic hinges, one ends of the pair of box doors close to each other are fixedly connected with bar-shaped magnets, the inner end of the feeding plate is provided with a first electromagnet, the magnetism of the first electromagnet is the same as that of the bar magnet, a plurality of evenly distributed culture net boxes are fixedly connected with the bottom end in the box body, feeding holes are drilled at the upper ends of the culture net boxes, the inner end wall of the feeding hole is hinged with a circular net cover through a second elastic hinge, the guide pipe is in clearance fit with the feeding hole, when feeding pearly mussels, a pair of box doors can be automatically opened by utilizing the repulsive force of the first electromagnet to the bar-shaped magnet, meanwhile, the flow guide pipe pushes the circular net cover away to stretch into the breeding net box, accurate feeding is achieved, and the circular net cover and the box door can automatically reset under the action of elastic force after feeding is completed.

Furthermore, the nutrient solution comprises a slow-release nutrient capsule and purified water, wherein the content ratio of the slow-release nutrient capsule to the purified water is 1:5, the slow-release nutrient capsule comprises a capsule coating and a nutrient fertilizer, the nutrient fertilizer is filled in the capsule coating, the slow-release nutrient capsule and the purified water are mixed within 3min before feeding, the release consumption of the nutrient fertilizer in the purified water by the slow-release nutrient capsule can be reduced to the maximum extent by mixing 3min in advance, the purified water plays a role in protecting the slow-release nutrient capsule, and the situation that the nutrient fertilizer is damaged and rapidly diffused in a pearl culturing pool in the feeding process of the slow-release nutrient capsule is avoided, so that the effects of accurate feeding and nutrient slow release cannot be realized.

Further, the capsule coating adopts thickness to make for 0.1 mm's pellicle, it has a plurality of evenly distributed's slowly-releasing micropore to cut through laser technology on the pellicle, slowly-releasing nutrition capsule is the globular thing that the diameter is 10mm, the mesh aperture of breed net box is 5mm, and the mesh aperture of breed net box is less than the diameter of slowly-releasing nutrition capsule all the time, and nutrition fertilizer can be slowly, the ration, the at the uniform velocity outwards release by slowly-releasing micropore, can be absorbed with the fastest speed by breeding the pearl mussel in the net box, reduces meaningless diffusion extravagant, and when nutrition fertilizer is close to the release and consumes the back simultaneously, the capsule coating softens the volume and diminishes under the hydraulic pressure effect, can escape in the mesh of breed net box and retrieve, prevents to pile up the growth environment that influences the pearl mussel in breeding the net box.

Furthermore, the nutrient fertilizer is a mixture of 80 parts by weight of decomposed pig manure, 5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 1 part by weight of diammonium phosphate, 2 parts by weight of magnesium chloride, 5 parts by weight of ferric sulfate and 20 parts by weight of water hyacinth powder, and provides necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the pearl mussels.

Furthermore, a pair of flexible magnetic suction pipes are arranged on the upper side of the suspended culture net cage, two ends of each flexible magnetic suction pipe are fixed on the inner end wall of the pearl culture pond, the flexible magnetic suction pipes are away from one end of each flexible magnetic suction pipe and are fixedly connected with a control soft net, water hyacinths are placed in the control soft net, adsorption pits are dug on the left and right sides of the pearl culture pond, second electromagnets are installed in the adsorption pits, the water hyacinths are used for transferring redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culture pond and avoiding eutrophication, and culture personnel can control the deformation of the flexible magnetic suction pipes through the second electromagnets and indirectly control the distribution of the water hyacinths in the soft net in the pearl culture pond, the water hyacinths are distributed on the periphery of the pearl culture pond in daytime to avoid the conditions of illumination, oxygen and the like for the growth of pearl culture mussels in the suspended culture net cage, and can be uniformly distributed on the water surface of the pearl culture pond at night, so that the redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culture pond can be rapidly and uniformly absorbed, the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by directly collecting the nutrient fertilizer after absorption is finished, so that the recycling of redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culturing pool is finished, the waste is reduced, and the water environment can be effectively protected.

Further, flexible magnetism is inhaled the pipe and is included the elastic hose, the elastic hose intussuseption is filled with the magnetite, and the magnetite in the flexible magnetism is inhaled the magnetism power that can respond the second electro-magnet and is accomplished the deformation, and the shape that can warp again after losing the magnetism power restores original.

Furthermore, the submerged waterweeds are planted in the pearl culturing pool, the celestial stone blocks, the zinc flashing mineral blocks and the manganese water mineral blocks are put in the pearl culturing pool, and filter feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes are cultured in a mixed mode, so that the water utilization rate can be improved, the water environment is enriched, a good environment is created for the growth of pearl culturing mussels, and meanwhile, trace elements, phytoplankton and zooplankton which are necessary for the growth of the pearl culturing mussels can be provided.

Furthermore, a constant temperature heater and an aerator are also arranged in the pearl culturing pool, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of the culturing water area is 15-30 ℃, the growth and development of the pearl mussel are normal, the secretion of nacre is vigorous, and the growth of pearls is fast in the water temperature range; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature has a close relationship with the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, reproduction and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, enough oxygen is also kept in the water, and the culturists can keep proper growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount through a constant temperature heater and an oxygen increasing machine.

A method of using an ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation, the method of use comprising the steps of:

s1, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a clean water pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 15-20 days before the pearl mussels are hung, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland, disinfecting with quicklime, standing for 3-5 days, filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5-2.5m, keeping the fresh water fresh and pollution-free, planting submerged waterweeds in the pearl culturing pond, putting celestite blocks, zinc blende blocks and manganese water blocks, and culturing filter-feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes in a mixed manner;

s2, selecting healthy mussel seeds: selecting healthy pearl-breeding mussels with pearl nuclei planted for 2-3 months, and hanging and breeding the healthy pearl-breeding mussels in a pearl-breeding pool according to the density of 800-;

s3, cultivation management: in 4-9 months per year, feeding materials into the pearl culture pond regularly according to the standard of 2-3 times per month, in other months, feeding materials into the pearl culture pond regularly according to the standard of 1-2 times per month, simultaneously keeping the temperature of a water body at 15-25 ℃, keeping the pH at 7-8, keeping the COD value at 5-25mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration at 0.1-2mg/L and the dissolved oxygen concentration at more than 5 mg/L;

s4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specifically that the first water pump and the second water pump are started once every 20-25 days, the water flow circulates for 2-3 days every time, the flow rate is preferably gentle, and the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5 m;

s5, bead taking in inspection: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening, checking whether the pearl cultivated by the pearl mussel is mature and meets the requirement, and collecting the pearl in the pearl mussel body through an operation if the pearl is mature and meets the requirement; if the immature product is not satisfactory, the process returns to step S3.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) this scheme can provide the best growing environment for breeding the pearl mussel through scientific and reasonable's breed management, adopt the mode of accurately throwing the food simultaneously, provide nutrient substance to breeding the pearl mussel based on the slowly-releasing principle, need not to throw fertile feeding in a large number and guarantee the nutrient substance intake of breeding the pearl mussel, reach same feeding effect with a smaller amount of nutrient substance, and then reduce unnecessary waste, be convenient for breed the pearl mussel and effectively absorb nutrient substance fast on the one hand, on the other hand can reduce the probability of water eutrophication, prevent that water pollution from threatening the growth of breeding the pearl mussel, still can adopt the mode that water hyacinth absorbs unnecessary nutrient substance to prevent water eutrophication in addition, and regard water hyacinth as nutrient substance's raw materials, accomplish nutrient substance's transfer and recycle, realize the maximize utilization of resource.

(2) The suspended breeding net cage comprises a box body and a pair of box doors, the box doors are hinged to the upper end of the box body through first elastic hinges, the pair of box doors are close to one end of each other and are fixedly connected with bar magnets, first electromagnets are installed at the inner ends of feeding plates and are the same with the magnetism of the bar magnets, a plurality of evenly distributed breeding net boxes are fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the box body, feeding holes are formed in the upper ends of the breeding net boxes, inner end walls of the feeding holes are hinged to circular net covers through second elastic hinges, a guide pipe is in clearance fit with the feeding holes, when pearl breeding is fed, the pair of box doors can be automatically opened through repulsive force of the first electromagnets to the bar magnets, meanwhile, the guide pipe pushes the circular net covers open to stretch into the breeding net boxes, accurate feeding is achieved, and the circular net covers and the box doors can automatically reset under the effect of elasticity after feeding is completed.

(3) The nutrient solution comprises a slow-release nutrient capsule and purified water, wherein the content ratio of the slow-release nutrient capsule to the purified water is 1:5-10, the slow-release nutrient capsule comprises a capsule coating and a nutrient fertilizer, the nutrient fertilizer is filled in the capsule coating, the slow-release nutrient capsule and the purified water are mixed within 3min before feeding, the release consumption of the nutrient fertilizer in the purified water by the slow-release nutrient capsule can be reduced to the maximum extent by mixing 3min in advance, the purified water plays a role in protecting the slow-release nutrient capsule, and the situation that the nutrient fertilizer is damaged and rapidly diffused in a pearl culturing pool in the feeding process of the slow-release nutrient capsule is avoided, so that the effects of accurate feeding and nutrient slow release cannot be realized.

(4) The capsule coating is made of a semipermeable membrane with the thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, a plurality of uniformly distributed slow-release micropores are cut on the semipermeable membrane through a laser technology, the slow-release nutrition capsule is a spherical object with the diameter of 10-20mm, the aperture of the meshes of the cultivation net box is 5-10mm, the aperture of the meshes of the cultivation net box is always smaller than that of the slow-release nutrition capsule, the nutrition fertilizer can be slowly, quantitatively and uniformly released outwards through the slow-release micropores, can be quickly absorbed by pearl mussels in the cultivation net box, unnecessary diffusion waste is reduced, and the capsule coating softens and reduces the volume under the action of water pressure after the nutrition fertilizer is nearly released and consumed, can escape from the meshes of the cultivation net box and be recycled, and the phenomenon that accumulation in the cultivation net box affects the growth environment of the pearl mussels is prevented.

(5) The nutrient fertilizer is a mixture of 80-90 parts by weight of decomposed pig manure, 3-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part by weight of diammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts by weight of magnesium chloride, 1-5 parts by weight of ferric sulfate and 10-20 parts by weight of water hyacinth powder, and provides necessary nutrient substances for the growth of pearl mussels.

(6) The upper side of the suspended culture net cage is provided with a pair of flexible magnetic suction pipes, two ends of the flexible magnetic suction pipes are fixed on the inner end wall of the pearl culture pond, one end of each flexible magnetic suction pipe, which is far away from each other, is fixedly connected with a control soft net, water hyacinths are placed in the control soft net, adsorption pits are dug on the left and right sides of the pearl culture pond, second electromagnets are installed in the adsorption pits, the water hyacinths are used for transferring redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culture pond to avoid the phenomenon of eutrophication, and culture personnel can control the deformation of the flexible magnetic suction pipes through the second electromagnets to indirectly control the distribution condition of the water hyacinths in the soft net in the pearl culture pond, the water hyacinths are distributed around the pearl culture pond in daytime to avoid the conditions of illumination, oxygen and the like for the growth of pearl clams in the suspended culture net cage, and can be uniformly distributed on the water surface of the pearl culture pond at night to quickly and uniformly absorb the redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culture pond, the nutrient fertilizer is prepared by directly collecting the nutrient fertilizer after absorption is finished, so that the recycling of redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culturing pool is finished, the waste is reduced, and the water environment can be effectively protected.

(7) The flexible magnetic suction pipe comprises an elastic hose, a magnet is filled in the elastic hose, the magnet in the flexible magnetic suction pipe can respond to the magnetic suction force of the second electromagnet to complete deformation, and the original shape can be restored by deformation after the magnetic suction force is lost.

(8) The submerged waterweeds are planted in the pearl culturing pool, the celestial stone blocks, the zinc flashing mineral blocks and the manganese water mineral blocks are put in the pearl culturing pool, and filter feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes are cultured in a mixed mode, so that the water body utilization rate can be improved, the water body environment is enriched, a good environment is created for the growth of pearl culturing mussels, and meanwhile, trace elements, phytoplankton and zooplankton which are necessary for the growth of the pearl culturing mussels can be provided.

(9) A constant temperature heater and an aerator are also arranged in the pearl culturing pool, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of the culturing water area is 15-30 ℃, the growth and the development of the pearl mussel are normal, the secretion of nacre is vigorous, and the growth of pearls is fast in the water temperature range; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature has a close relationship with the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, reproduction and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, enough oxygen is also kept in the water, and the culturists can keep proper growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount through a constant temperature heater and an oxygen increasing machine.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the hanging cage in a closed state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the hanging cage of the present invention in an open state;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the aquaculture net box of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a portion of the sustained release nutritional capsule of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention for controlling the unfolding state of the soft net;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a state of controlling the avoidance of the soft net.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

1 pearl culture pond, 2 clean water pond, 3 sewage pond, 4 first suction pump, 5 second suction pump, 6 hang foster box with a net, 601 box, 602 chamber door, 603 first elastic hinge, 7 connecting rods, 8 slider, 9 guide rail, 10 extension rod, 11 first electric putter, 12 basic stand columns, 13 motor, 14 fixed plate, 15 second electric putter, 16 throw flitch, 17 storage case, 18 solenoid valve, 19 drain pipe, 20 honeycomb duct, 21 first electro-magnet, 22 bar magnet, 23 breed net box, 24 circular screen lid, 25 flexible magnetic suction pipe, 26 control soft net, 27 capsule, 28 nutrient fertilizer, 29 second electro-magnet.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, an ecological pearl culturing system for pearl culture comprises a pearl culturing pool 1, a water purifying pool 2 and a sewage pool 3, wherein submerged waterweeds are planted in the pearl culturing pool 1, azurite blocks, zinc blende blocks and manganese water blocks are put in the pearl culturing pool, filter-feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes are cultured in a mixed mode, firstly, the water utilization rate can be improved, the water environment is enriched, a good environment is created for the growth of pearl mussels, meanwhile, trace elements, phytoplankton and zooplankton which are necessary for the growth of the pearl mussels can be provided, a constant-temperature heater and an aerator are further installed in the pearl culturing pool 1, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature in a culturing water area is 15-30 ℃, the growth and the development of the pearl mussels are normal, the secretion of nacre is vigorous, and the growth of pearls is fast; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature is closely related to the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, propagation and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, enough oxygen is also kept in the water, the culturists can keep proper growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount through a constant temperature heater and an aerator, a first water pump 4 is arranged in a clean water tank 2, a second water pump 5 is arranged in a sewage tank 3, a hanging culture net cage 6 is arranged in a pearl culture tank 1, the left end and the right end of the hanging culture net cage 6 are fixedly connected with connecting rods 7, one end of each connecting rod 7 far away from the hanging culture net cage 6 is fixedly connected with a slide block 8, the left end wall and the right end wall of the pearl culture tank 1 are fixedly connected with guide rails 9, the slide blocks 8 are in sliding connection with the guide rails 9, the hanging culture net cage 6 can be stably lifted in the pearl culture tank 1 through the matching of the slide blocks 8 and the guide rails 9, the hanging culture depth is 25-40cm when the weather is proper in spring and autumn, in severe cold and hot weather in summer and winter, the pearl mussel 1 is preferably close to the bottom of a pearl culture pond but not contacted with sludge at the bottom, the culture depth of the pearl mussel 1 is 25cm away from the water surface in summer, the pearl mussel is preferably placed close to the water bottom without being collided with the sludge in winter, and a shallow point can be hung in spring and autumn to enhance the illumination, so that the mussel body is at the proper water temperature for growth, and the formation and growth of pearls are promoted; should hang a bit deeply with summer winter and summer, prevent cold and the adverse effect of heat, breed the bank one end fixedly connected with L type stand in pearl pond 1, install first electric putter 11 on the L type stand, a drive power for providing the lift of hanging and breeding box with a net 6, the output fixedly connected with extension rod 10 of first electric putter 11, and fixed connection between extension rod 10 and the connecting rod 7, extension rod 10 plays the effect of extension, breed the bank other end fixedly connected with basic stand 12 in pearl pond 1, the motor groove has been dug to basic stand 12 upper end, motor 13 is installed to the motor inslot, motor 13's output fixedly connected with fixed plate 14, motor 13 can order to the fixed plate 14 to turn away from breeding the pearl pond 1 overhead, avoid sheltering from the sunshine phenomenon and appear, fixed plate 14 lower extreme fixedly connected with second electric putter 15.

Referring to fig. 2, an output end of the second electric push rod 15 is fixedly connected with a feeding plate 16, the second electric push rod 15 provides a driving force for lifting the suspended culture net cage 6, and further completes feeding activity, an upper end of the feeding plate 16 is fixedly connected with a storage tank 17, the storage tank 17 is filled with a nutrient solution, the storage tank 17 is communicated with a liquid outlet pipe 19, the liquid outlet pipe 19 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 18, a lower end of the feeding plate 16 is fixedly connected with a plurality of uniformly distributed flow guide pipes 20, the liquid outlet pipe 19 is communicated with the flow guide pipes 20 through a plurality of thin pipes, and the flow guide pipes 20 are used for accurately feeding pearl mussels.

Referring to fig. 3-4, the suspended culture cage 6 includes a box body 601 and a pair of box doors 602, the box doors 602 are hinged to the upper end of the box body 601 through a first elastic hinge 603, the ends of the pair of box doors 602 close to each other are fixedly connected with bar magnets 22, referring to fig. 2, the inner ends of the feeding plates 16 are provided with first electromagnets 21, the first electromagnets 21 and the bar magnets 22 have the same magnetism, based on the principle that like poles repel each other, the box doors 602 are automatically opened, the inner bottom end of the box body 601 is fixedly connected with a plurality of culture net boxes 23 uniformly distributed, referring to fig. 5, the culture net boxes 23 are used for culturing pearly mussels, so as to achieve a good protection effect, the upper ends of the culture net boxes 23 are provided with feeding holes, the inner end walls of the feeding holes are hinged with circular net covers 24 through a second elastic hinge, the guide pipes 20 are in clearance fit with the feeding holes, when the pearly mussels are cultured, the repulsion force of the first electromagnets 21 to the bar magnets 22 can be automatically opened, meanwhile, the honeycomb duct 20 pushes the circular net cover 24 open and extends into the breeding net box 23, so that accurate feeding is realized, and the circular net cover 24 and the box door 602 can automatically reset under the action of elasticity after feeding is finished.

Referring to fig. 6, the nutrient solution comprises a slow-release nutrient capsule and purified water in a content ratio of 1:5-10, the slow-release nutrient capsule comprises a capsule coating 27 and a nutrient fertilizer 28, the nutrient fertilizer 28 is filled in the capsule coating 27, the slow-release nutrient capsule and the purified water are mixed within 3min before feeding, the release consumption of the nutrient fertilizer 28 in the purified water by the slow-release nutrient capsule can be reduced to the maximum extent by mixing 3min in advance, the purified water plays a role in protecting the slow-release nutrient capsule, the situation that the nutrient fertilizer 28 is damaged and rapidly diffuses in a bead culturing pool 1 during feeding of the slow-release nutrient capsule is avoided, the accurate feeding and nutrient slow-release effects cannot be realized is avoided, the capsule coating 27 is made of a semipermeable membrane with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, a plurality of uniformly distributed slow-release micropores are drilled on the semipermeable membrane through a laser technology, the slow-release nutrient capsule is a spherical object with a diameter of 10-20mm, the aperture of the mesh of the breeding net box 23 is 5-10mm, the aperture of the mesh of the breeding net box 23 is always smaller than the diameter of the slow-release nutrition capsule, the nutrition fertilizer 28 can be slowly, quantitatively and uniformly released outwards through the slow-release micropores, and can be absorbed by the pearl mussel in the breeding net box 23 at the fastest speed, so that unnecessary diffusion waste is reduced, meanwhile, after the nutrition fertilizer 28 is nearly released and consumed, the capsule coating 27 is softened under the action of water pressure and becomes small in volume, and can escape from the mesh of the breeding net box 23 to be recycled, so that the growth environment of the pearl mussel is prevented from being influenced by accumulation in the breeding net box 23, the nutrition fertilizer 28 comprises 80-90 parts by weight of rotten pig manure, 3-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part by weight of diammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts by weight of magnesium chloride and 1-5 parts by weight of ferric sulfate, 10-20 parts of water hyacinth powder mixture, which provides necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the pearl mussels.

Referring to fig. 7-8, a pair of flexible magnetic suction pipes 25 are arranged on the upper side of the suspended culture net cage 6, two ends of each flexible magnetic suction pipe 25 are fixed on the inner end wall of the pearl culture pond 1, one end of each flexible magnetic suction pipe 25, which is far away from each other, is fixedly connected with a control soft net 26, water hyacinths are placed in the control soft net 26, are floating herbaceous plants and can absorb nutrient substances in water to grow, and are widely applied to treatment of water eutrophication, but if not controlled, the phenomenon that the water hyacinths are crazy to breed into invasive species can be formed, so that the original ecological balance is threatened, adsorption pits are dug on the banks at the left and right ends of the pearl culture pond 1, second electromagnets 29 are installed in the adsorption pits, the water hyacinths are used for transferring redundant nutrient substances in the pearl culture pond 1 to avoid the phenomenon of eutrophication, and the culture personnel can control the deformation of the flexible magnetic suction pipes 25 through the second electromagnets 29 to indirectly control the distribution condition of the water hyacinths in the soft net 26 in the pearl culture pond 1, distribute in breeding pearl pond 1 periphery in daytime, keep away illumination for the growth of breeding pearl mussel in the box with a net 6 of hanging to support, conditions such as oxygen, can evenly distributed on breeding 1 surface of water in pearl pond night, can evenly absorb fast and breed unnecessary nutrient substance in the pearl pond 1, absorb and accomplish the rear and just directly collect and prepare nutritious fertilizer 28, accomplish the recycle of unnecessary nutrient substance in breeding pearl pond 1, can effectively protect the water environment when reducing extravagant, flexible magnetic suction pipe 25 includes elastic hose, the elastic hose intussuseption is filled with the magnetite, the magnetite in the flexible magnetic suction pipe 25 can respond the magnetic attraction completion deformation of second electro-magnet 29, but the shape of deformation recovery original after losing magnetic attraction again.

The use method of the ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation comprises the following steps:

s1, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl cultivating pool 1, a clear water pool 2 and a sewage pool 3, draining accumulated water 15-20 days before hanging pearl mussel cultivation, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland grasses, disinfecting with quicklime, standing for 3-5 days, filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5-2.5m, refreshing the fresh water quality and no pollution, planting submerged waterweeds in the pearl cultivating pool 1, putting celestite blocks, zinc flash ore blocks and manganese water ore blocks, and mixedly cultivating filter-feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes;

s2, selecting healthy mussel seeds: selecting healthy pearl-breeding mussels with pearl nuclei planted for 2-3 months, and hanging and breeding the healthy pearl-breeding mussels in a pearl-breeding pool 1 according to the density of 800-;

s3, cultivation management: in 4-9 months of each year, the materials are periodically fed into the pearl culture pond 1 according to the standard of 2-3 times per month, in other months, the materials are periodically fed into the pearl culture pond 1 according to the standard of 1-2 times per month, simultaneously the temperature of a water body is kept between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, the pH value is kept between 7 and 8, the COD value is 5-25mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5 mg/L;

s4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specifically that the first water pump 4 and the second water pump 5 are started once every 20-25 days, the water flow circulates for 2-3 days every time, the flow rate is preferably slow and gentle, and the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5 m;

When feeding pearly mussels, a culturing person firstly controls the motor 13 to start to drive the feeding plate 16 to rotate to the position right above the suspended net cage 6, the second electric push rod 15 is started to push the feeding plate 16 to descend to be close to the suspended net cage 6, the first electromagnet 21 is started, the first electromagnet 21 is electrified and magnetized and generates repulsive force to the bar magnet 22, the bar magnet 22 drives the box door 602 to open towards the inner side of the box body 601 under the action of the repulsive force, after the feeding plate 16 enters the box body 601, the guide pipe 20 is aligned with the corresponding circular net cover 24 and inserted into the culturing net cage 23, the nutrient solution in the storage box 17 of the electromagnetic valve 18 is opened and flows into the culturing net cage 23 through the liquid outlet pipe 19, the thin pipe and the guide pipe 20 in sequence, the slow-release nutrient capsules in the culturing net cage 23 due to the diameter larger than the aperture of the culturing net cage 23 can be temporarily remained in the culturing net cage 23, and the nutrient fertilizer 28 is slowly, quantitatively and uniformly released in the culturing net cage 23, a small amount of nutrient fertilizer 28 released by the pearl mussel can be quickly and effectively absorbed, unnecessary diffusion waste of the nutrient fertilizer 28 is reduced, accurate and quantitative feeding can be realized, waste is reduced, the nutrient enrichment pollution to the water environment can be avoided, and the growth of the pearl mussel is not facilitated.

Even if the phenomenon of nutrient enrichment occurs, the breeding personnel can place the control soft net 26 into the pearl culturing pool 1, fix a pair of flexible magnetic suction pipes 25 on the bank side, start a pair of second electromagnets 29 in the daytime to drive the flexible magnetic suction pipes 25 to deform by using magnetic attraction, drive the water hyacinth in the control soft net 26 to the periphery, create good illumination conditions and breathing conditions for pearl mussels in the suspended net cage 6, close the second electromagnets 29 at night after losing the magnetic attraction, the flexible magnetic suction pipes 25 recover to the shape to pull the control soft net 26 to be uniformly spread on the water surface, compared with the situation that redundant nutrient substances in water can be absorbed more quickly and uniformly in the daytime, when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the pearl culturing pool 1 recovers to a reasonable range, the breeding personnel can directly retract the control soft net 26 to salvage the water hyacinth, and make the salvaged water hyacinth into powder to be used for preparing nutrient fertilizer 28, the transfer of nutrient substances is completed, the maximum utilization of resources is realized, and the pollution phenomenon of the water body is avoided.

The invention can provide the best growth environment for the pearl mussels through scientific and reasonable breeding management, simultaneously adopts a precise feeding mode, provides nutrient substances for the pearl mussels based on a slow release principle, does not need to fertilize and feed in large quantity to ensure the nutrient substance intake of the pearl mussels, achieves the same feeding effect by using a smaller amount of nutrient substances, further reduces unnecessary waste, is convenient for the pearl mussels to effectively and quickly absorb the nutrient substances on the one hand, can reduce the probability of water eutrophication on the other hand, prevents the water pollution from threatening the growth of the pearl mussels, can also prevent the water eutrophication by adopting a mode of absorbing redundant nutrient substances by using the water hyacinth, and uses the water hyacinth as a raw material of the nutrient substances to finish the transfer and recycling of the nutrient substances, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of resources.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an ecological pearl culture system for pearl is cultivated, includes pearl culture pond (1), clean water reservoir (2) and effluent water sump (3), its characterized in that: install first suction pump (4) in clean water basin (2), install second suction pump (5) in sewage pond (3), it raises net cage (6) to have placed in pearl culture pond (1), the equal fixedly connected with connecting rod (7) in both ends about raising net cage (6), connecting rod (7) are kept away from and are raised net cage (6) one end fixedly connected with slider (8), fixedly connected with guide rail (9) on the wall of both ends about pearl culture pond (1), and sliding connection between slider (8) and guide rail (9), the bank one end fixedly connected with L type stand of pearl culture pond (1), install first electric putter (11) on the L type stand, the output fixedly connected with extension rod (10) of first electric putter (11), and fixedly connected between extension rod (10) and connecting rod (7), the bank other end fixedly connected with basis stand (12) of pearl culture pond (1), base stand (12) upper end is excavated there is the motor groove, motor (13) are installed to the motor inslot, the output fixedly connected with fixed plate (14) of motor (13), fixed plate (14) lower extreme fixedly connected with second electric putter (15), flitch (16) are thrown to the output fixedly connected with of second electric putter (15), throw flitch (16) upper end fixedly connected with storage case (17), storage case (17) intussuseption is filled with the nutrient solution, the intercommunication has drain pipe (19) on storage case (17), install solenoid valve (18) on drain pipe (19), throw honeycomb duct (20) of a plurality of evenly distributed of flitch (16) lower extreme fixedly connected with, drain pipe (19) communicate through a plurality of tubules and honeycomb duct (20).

2. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: hang foster box with a net (6) and include box (601) and a pair of chamber door (602), chamber door (602) are articulated, a pair of through first elastic hinge (603) and box (601) upper end chamber door (602) are close to the equal fixedly connected with bar magnet (22) of one end each other, throw flitch (16) inner and install first electro-magnet (21), first electro-magnet (21) are the same with the magnetism of bar magnet (22), box (601) inner bottom end fixedly connected with a plurality of evenly distributed's breed net box (23), it has the material hole to cut in breed net box (23) upper end, it has circular screen cover (24) through second elastic hinge to articulate to throw the downthehole end wall of material, honeycomb duct (20) and material hole clearance fit throw.

3. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 2, wherein: the nutrient solution comprises a slow-release nutrient capsule and purified water in a content ratio of 1:5-10, the slow-release nutrient capsule comprises a capsule coating (27) and a nutrient fertilizer (28), the nutrient fertilizer (28) is filled in the capsule coating (27), and the slow-release nutrient capsule and the purified water are mixed within 3min before feeding.

4. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 3, wherein: capsule coating (27) adopt thickness to make for 0.05-0.1 mm's pellicle, it has a plurality of evenly distributed's slowly-releasing micropore to cut through laser technology on the pellicle, slowly-releasing nutrition capsule is 10-20 mm's globular thing for the diameter, the mesh aperture of breed net box (23) is 5-10mm, and the mesh aperture of breed net box (23) is less than the diameter of slowly-releasing nutrition capsule all the time.

5. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 3, wherein: the nutrient fertilizer (28) is a mixture of 80-90 parts by weight of decomposed pig manure, 3-5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part by weight of diammonium phosphate, 2-4 parts by weight of magnesium chloride, 1-5 parts by weight of ferric sulfate and 10-20 parts by weight of water hyacinth powder.

6. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: hang and support box with a net (6) upside and be equipped with a pair of flexible magnetic suction pipe (25), end wall in pearl culture pond (1) is fixed at flexible magnetic suction pipe (25) both ends, and is a pair of the equal fixedly connected with of one end control soft net (26) is kept away from each other in flexible magnetic suction pipe (25), placed the water hyacinth in the control soft net (26), it has all dug the absorption hole to raise both ends bank about pearl culture pond (1), install second electro-magnet (29) in the absorption hole.

7. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 6, wherein: the flexible magnetic suction pipe (25) comprises an elastic hose, and magnets are filled in the elastic hose.

8. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: the water-sinking waterweeds are planted in the pearl culturing pool (1), azurite, zinc blende ore blocks and manganese water ore blocks are put in the water-sinking waterweeds, and filter-feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes are cultured in a mixed manner.

9. An ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: a constant temperature heater and an aerator are also arranged in the pearl culturing tank (1).

10. The use method of an ecological pearl culturing system for pearl cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the using method comprises the following steps:

s1, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond (1), a clear water pond (2) and a sewage pond (3), draining accumulated water 15-20 days before the pearl mussels are hung and cultured, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland grasses, disinfecting with quicklime, standing and sunning for 3-5 days, filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5-2.5m, and keeping the fresh water fresh and pollution-free, planting submerged waterweeds in the pearl culturing pond (1), putting celestite blocks, zinc flash ore blocks and manganese water blocks, and mixedly culturing filter-feeding fishes or omnivorous fishes;

s2, selecting healthy mussel seeds: selecting healthy pearl-breeding mussels with pearl nuclei planted for 2-3 months, and hanging and breeding the healthy pearl-breeding mussels in a pearl-breeding pool (1) according to the density of 800-;

s3, cultivation management: in 4-9 months of each year, the materials are periodically fed into the pearl culture pond (1) according to the standard of 2-3 times per month, in other months, the materials are periodically fed into the pearl culture pond (1) according to the standard of 1-2 times per month, simultaneously, the temperature of a water body is kept between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, the pH value is kept between 7 and 8, the COD value is 5-25mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5 mg/L;

s4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specifically that the first water pump (4) and the second water pump (5) are started once every 20-25 days, the water flow circulates for 2-3 days every time, the flow rate is preferably slow and gentle, and the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5 m;