CN110310371A - A method of based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three-D profile - Google Patents
A method of based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three-D profile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the automatic Pilot field and Identifying Technique of Object field in Vehicle Engineering, solves and realize the time-consuming, laborious of object three-dimensional reconstruction, low efficiency in existing intelligent driving field and be difficult to reach high-precision technical problem.The sequence image that object is obtained by shooting unit, obtains pretreatment image sequence by processing;Extract the clear pixel of each frame preprocessing sequence image, calculate the (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel of preprocessing sequence image, and it seeks all pixels point in total focus image and reaches corresponding image sequence number when maximum (ionospheric) focussing factor, depth distance Δ z between flanking sequence image can be calculated according to the product of real-time speed v and Δ t, using Δ z as the depth value of corresponding pixel points, the coordinate that pixel coordinate system fastens with world coordinates corresponding point is calculated further according to the result of Zhang Zhengyou calibration method calibration, to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction by two-dimensional image sequence, reconstruct the three-D profile of object.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of based on figure the invention belongs to the automatic Pilot field and Identifying Technique of Object field in Vehicle Engineering
As the automatic threedimensional model of vehicle-mounted object of processing building object three-D profile constructs system.
Background technique
Currently, intelligent driving field realizes that the major programme of object three-dimensionalreconstruction has vision and laser radar two major classes.Its
In, vision is that target object surface information is obtained using camera, according to the quantity of camera, can be divided into monocular vision and
Binocular vision.Monocular vision is using one known pattern of structured light, and camera has received anti-by body surface
After the pattern penetrated, the difference with master pattern is calculated by image procossing, to realize three-dimensionalreconstruction.Binocular vision is base
The three-dimensional geometric information of object is recovered in principle of parallax, rebuilds object three-dimensional contour outline and position.
Current techniques using visible sensation method do the short slab of three-dimensionalreconstruction it is obvious that monocular and binocular robustness are all very poor, this
The precision of kind system can be affected with the variation of ambient enviroment, when ambient is by dying down by force, the essence of binocular vision
Degree can have a greatly reduced quality.And monocular vision if the light of surrounding is very strong, is taken the photograph on the contrary, it is only suitable for the environment of dark
As head is difficult to accurately identify bright spot.
Laser radar realizes that three-dimensional reconstruction can also substantially be divided into two classes, and one kind is based on triangulation, another quilt
Referred to as ToF telemetry.Principle based on triangulation algorithm is that sequence C CD incudes Laser emission to body surface formation in real time
Reflective information can be calculated by known launch angle α, receiving angle β and laser head at a distance from CCD according to sine
Radar is at a distance from object out.The principle of ToF (Time Of Flight) is by the propagation delay time between measurement light pulse
Between carry out the distance of computing object object.
The difficult point of laser radar is that how to carry out high-speed data acquisition by hardware and handle in real time by algorithm, obtains
High-precision original point cloud data, and cost compared it is relatively high for camera vision.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: how to change and solve to realize object three in existing intelligent driving field
It ties up the time-consuming, laborious of reconstruction, low efficiency and is difficult to reach high-precision disadvantage, so that providing one kind is able to achieve quick high accuracy weight
The system of structure object three-D profile.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a kind of be based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three
The method for tieing up profile, includes the following steps:
(a) mobile vehicle drives shooting unit to move along object extending direction, and shoots a target every the Δ t time
The image of object, to obtain the N frame sequence image of object whithin a period of time;
(b) image procossing is carried out to the full sequence image that shooting unit is shot, cutting transformation is carried out to image, with
The irrelevant background area in part in sequence image except object measured zone is removed, preprocessing sequence image is obtained;
(c) the clear pixel of each frame preprocessing sequence image is extracted, to construct total focus image;Determine pretreatment sequence
The pixel point focusing estimation window of any pixel point in column image, calculate each pixel of preprocessing sequence image focusing because
Son: for any pixel point (i, j) in preprocessing sequence image, using the pixel as starting point, lower or so four neighbours on it
Domain generates four gray level co-occurrence matrixes, the maximum value for acquiring four gray level co-occurrence matrixes correlative character values is calculated separately, with this
Determine the maximal correlation pixel of the pixel four direction, and true with the marginal position that this four pixels are its estimation window
The fixed pixel point focusing estimation window U (i, j), then it focuses estimation window width dimensions W1=D1+D2+1, height dimension W2=
D3+D4+1, wherein D1, D2, D3, D4 respectively indicate maximal correlation pixel and any pixel point calculated on four direction
The number of pixels being spaced between (i, j) adds 1, focuses estimation window having a size of W1 × W2;It is calculated often using estimation window is focused
The (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel in one frame image;Wherein, (ionospheric) focussing factor is that corresponding pixel points are every in focusing estimation window
The average value of a pixel evaluation of estimate sum;The (ionospheric) focussing factor of any pixel (i, j) is the pixel in each frame pretreatment image
The average value of each pixel evaluation of estimate sum of the point in its estimation window, is shown below: Fk(i, j)=∑ (gx(x,y)2+
gy(x,y)2)2/(w1×w2)
Wherein, gx(x, y) and gy(x, y) respectively indicates kth frame preprocessing sequence image IkWith Sobel operator in X and the side Y
To convolution;Reach clear pixel of the pixel as the frame image of maximum (ionospheric) focussing factor in every frame image;From all
Clear pixel in image constitutes a secondary total focus image;
(d) the corresponding image sequence number of each pixel in total focus image is sought, according to the successive suitable of image sequence number
Sequence indicates the relative positional relationship of target surface point, and the depth distance Δ z between flanking sequence image can be moved according to real-time
The product of the speed v and Δ t of dynamic load body calculates, and then learns the depth relationship of target surface all the points: acquiring acquisition kth
Z-direction coordinate Z of the shooting unit in world coordinate system when sub-picturek, ZkIt is the sum of the Δ z all from 1 to k, as follows:
Write down each pixel coordinate of clear pixel where it in image coordinate system of image in kth width image
(ik、jk);According to the transition matrix of pixel coordinate system to world coordinate system by the pixel coordinate (i of all clear pixelsk、jk)
Obtain its corresponding world coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk);Method according to this obtains the clear pixel of all images in preprocessing sequence image
Coordinate set { (X of the point in world coordinate systemk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, N is total picture number of sequence image;
(e) the coordinate set { (X according to target surface point in world coordinate systemk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, it will be each
Point connects and composes triangle gridding with the point around it in field, and the wheel for forming target surface is connected by the face that triangle gridding forms
The reconstruct of wide image hotpoint target surface three-D profile figure in world coordinate system.
The working principle of the invention is: according to lens imaging principle, when focal length and at a distance of a timing, object distance is to uniquely determine
's;The point for only meeting the determination object distance when imaging, on object could be obtained clearly on as plane as referred to as focus
Image;If being unsatisfactory for the determination object distance, clearly point image cannot be obtained, what is obtained is a circle of confusion, figure at this time
Picture referred to as out-of-focus image.So obtaining a series of sequence chart of objects on depth of field direction first according to focus principle
Picture makes entire sequential covering object all information on depth of field direction;Then pass through certain fusion rule in sequence image
The point of each focus is obtained, so that each depth of field position very clearly image is reconstructed, it is referred to as complete poly-
Burnt image;Depth information is restored by focus analysis again, to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction by two-dimensional image sequence.Compared to other
Method, this method are not required to carry out complicated light source scale operation, and illumination condition when to Image Acquisition is not also harsh, ranging range
Bigger, building threedimensional model speed is also very considerable.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that certain pixel focuses estimation window with it.
Fig. 2 is experimental provision schematic diagram used in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is camera in the position image 1., 2., 3. shot and the object profile signal of three-dimensionalreconstruction reduction
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The step of present invention devises a kind of target surface contour measuring method based on image procossing, this method is wrapped
Include: automobile carries a shooting unit and moves along object extending direction, and the image of an object is shot every the Δ t time,
To obtain the sequence image of object whithin a period of time;Image is carried out to the full sequence image that shooting unit is shot
Processing, carries out cutting transformation to image, to remove the irrelevant background area in part in sequence image except object measured zone
Domain obtains preprocessing sequence image;The clear pixel of each frame preprocessing sequence image is extracted, preprocessing sequence image is calculated
The (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel, and seek all pixels point in total focus image and reach corresponding image when maximum (ionospheric) focussing factor
Sequence number, the depth distance Δ z between flanking sequence image can be calculated according to the product of real-time speed v and Δ t, by Δ z
As the depth value of corresponding pixel points, pixel coordinate system and world coordinates are calculated further according to the result of Zhang Zhengyou calibration method calibration
The coordinate of corresponding point is fastened, to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction by two-dimensional image sequence, reconstructs the three-D profile of object.
Further more detailed description is made to technical solution of the present invention With reference to embodiment.The present invention is adopted
Technical solution is: a kind of vehicle-mounted automatic measurement system based on image procossing, carries out in accordance with the following steps:
Ccd image acquisition sending device is fixed on vehicle body by step 1;
Step 2 prints a gridiron pattern, it is pasted in one plane, as calibration object.By adjusting calibration object or
The direction of video camera shoots the photo of some different directions for calibration object.By this group by Zhang Zhengyou calibration method obtain camera at
As 4 inner parameters in linear model: u0、v0、fx、fy, respectively indicate the pixel coordinate of principal point and the effective focal length of camera;2
A external parameter: R, t respectively indicate the rotation relationship and translation relation of camera coordinates system and world coordinate system, according to this six
Parameter can calculate pixel coordinate system to world coordinate system transformational relation.
Step 3, automobile drive ccd image acquisition sending device to move along object extending direction, and every the Δ t time
The image of an object is shot, to obtain the N frame sequence image of object whithin a period of time, and the image that will acquire is logical
It crosses data line and reaches computer.
Step 4 carries out image procossing to the full sequence image that shooting unit is shot, carries out cutting change to image
It changes, to remove the irrelevant background area in part in sequence image except object measured zone, obtains preprocessing sequence image.
Step 5 extracts the clear pixel of each frame preprocessing sequence image, to construct total focus image, determines complete poly-
The pixel point focusing estimation window of any pixel point in burnt image, calculate each pixel of preprocessing sequence image focusing because
Son: for any pixel point (i, j) (light color square placed in the middle in Fig. 1) in total focus image, using the pixel as starting point, at it
Four neighborhoods generate four gray level co-occurrence matrixes up and down, calculate separately and acquire four gray level co-occurrence matrixes correlative character values
Maximum value (four direction respectively has a maximum value), maximal correlation pixel (Fig. 1 of the pixel four direction is determined with this
Four squares of middle dark color), and determine that the pixel point focusing is evaluated with the marginal position that this four pixels are its estimation window
Window U (i, j), then its focus estimation window width dimensions W1=D1+D2+1, height dimension W2=D3+D4+1, wherein D1, D2,
D3, D4 indicate number of pixels, focus estimation window having a size of W1 × W2.As shown in fig. 1, D1 indicates a certain pixel (light color
Square) with the pixel number at the interval of its Far Left maximal correlation pixel add 1 (space-number 1, D1=2), D2 indicates table
Show that a certain pixel and the pixel number at the interval of its rightmost maximal correlation pixel add 1 (space-number 0, D2=1).Benefit
The (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel in each frame image is calculated with focusing estimation window;Wherein, (ionospheric) focussing factor is respective pixel
Point is in the average value for focusing each pixel evaluation of estimate sum in estimation window.Any pixel in each frame pretreatment image
The (ionospheric) focussing factor of (i, j) is the average value of each pixel evaluation of estimate sum of the pixel in its estimation window, as follows:
Fk(i, j)=∑ (gx(x,y)2+gy(x,y)2)2/(w1×w2)
Wherein, gx(x, y) and gy(x, y) respectively indicates kth frame preprocessing sequence image IkWith Sobel operator in X and the side Y
To convolution.
Step 6 seeks all pixels point in total focus image and reaches corresponding image sequence number when maximum (ionospheric) focussing factor,
The relative positional relationship of target surface point, the depth between flanking sequence image can be indicated according to the sequencing of sequence number
Distance, delta z can be calculated according to the product of real-time speed v and Δ t, and then learn the depth relationship of target surface all the points.
Acquire Z-direction coordinate Z of the ccd image acquisition sending device in world coordinate system when obtaining kth pair (k is sequence number) imagek, Zk
It is the sum of the Δ z all from 1 to k, as follows:
Write down pixel coordinate (i of the pixel of each focus in kth width image in the figure image coordinate systemk、
jk);Transformational relation of the pixel coordinate system obtained further according to second step camera calibration to world coordinate system:
Wherein, u0、v0、fx、fyRespectively indicate the pixel coordinate of principal point and the effective focal length of camera;R, t respectively indicates camera
The rotation relationship and translation relation of coordinate system and world coordinate system, zcIndicate z coordinate of the principal point under camera coordinates system.According to turn
Relationship is changed by the pixel coordinate (i of all clear pixelsk、jk) obtain its corresponding world coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk).Method according to this,
Obtain coordinate set of the point of object corresponding to the focus pixel of all images in sequence image in world coordinate system
{(Xk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, N is total picture number of sequence image;
Step 7, according to coordinate set { (X of the target surface point in world coordinate systemk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, it will
Each point and the point around it in field connect and compose triangle gridding, are connected by the face that triangle gridding forms and form target surface
Contour pattern realize target surface three-D profile figure in world coordinate system reconstruct;The coordinate value line between consecutive points
Property interpolation method obtain, the reconstruct of target surface is graphically displayed on the display screen of Computer Control Unit.
As shown in Fig. 2, 1., 2., 3. 4. vehicle-mounted camera takes a picture object to be identified respectively in position, due to
Vehicle body changes away from the distance of object, and focal position also changes, camera site 1., 2., 3. corresponding focusing position
It sets respectively (1), (2), (3).The object profile of 1., 2., 3. image and three-dimensionalreconstruction reduction that camera is shot in position is such as
Shown in Fig. 3.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three-D profile, which is characterized in that including as follows
Step:
(a) mobile vehicle drives shooting unit to move along object extending direction, and shoots an object every the Δ t time
Image, to obtain the N frame sequence image of object whithin a period of time;
(b) image procossing is carried out to the full sequence image that shooting unit is shot, cutting transformation is carried out to image, with removal
The irrelevant background area in part in sequence image except object measured zone, obtains preprocessing sequence image;
(c) the clear pixel of each frame preprocessing sequence image is extracted, to construct total focus image;Determine preprocessing sequence chart
The pixel point focusing estimation window of any pixel point as in calculates the (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel of preprocessing sequence image:
For any pixel point (i, j) in preprocessing sequence image, using the pixel as starting point, lower or so four neighborhoods are raw on it
At four gray level co-occurrence matrixes, the maximum value for acquiring four gray level co-occurrence matrixes correlative character values is calculated separately, is determined with this
The maximal correlation pixel of the pixel four direction, and being determined with the marginal position that this four pixels are its estimation window should
Pixel point focusing estimation window U (i, j), then it focuses estimation window width dimensions W1=D1+D2+1, height dimension W2=D3+
D4+1, wherein D1, D2, D3, D4 respectively indicate maximal correlation pixel on four direction and any pixel point calculated (i,
J) number of pixels being spaced between adds 1, focuses estimation window having a size of W1 × W2;Each frame is calculated using estimation window is focused
The (ionospheric) focussing factor of each pixel in image;Wherein, (ionospheric) focussing factor is that corresponding pixel points are focusing each picture in estimation window
The average value of vegetarian refreshments evaluation of estimate sum;The (ionospheric) focussing factor of any pixel (i, j) is that the pixel exists in each frame pretreatment image
The average value of each pixel evaluation of estimate sum in its estimation window, is shown below: Fk(i, j)=∑ (gx(x, y)2+gy(x,
y)2)2/(w1×w2)
Wherein, gx(x, y) and gy(x, y) respectively indicates kth frame preprocessing sequence image IkWith Sobel operator in X and Y-direction
Convolution;Reach clear pixel of the pixel as the frame image of maximum (ionospheric) focussing factor in every frame image;From all images
In clear pixel constitute a secondary total focus image;
(d) the corresponding image sequence number of each pixel in total focus image is sought, according to the precedence table of image sequence number
Show the relative positional relationship of target surface point, the depth distance Δ z between flanking sequence image can be according to real-time mobile load
The product of the speed v and Δ t of body calculates, and then learns the depth relationship of target surface all the points: acquiring and obtains kth pair figure
As when Z-direction coordinate Z of the shooting unit in world coordinate systemk, ZkIt is the sum of the Δ z all from 1 to k, as follows:
Write down pixel coordinate (i of each clear pixel where it in image coordinate system of image in kth width imagek、
jk);According to the transition matrix of pixel coordinate system to world coordinate system by the pixel coordinate (i of all clear pixelsk、jk) obtain
Its corresponding world coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk);Method according to this, the clear pixel for obtaining all images in preprocessing sequence image exist
Coordinate set { (X in world coordinate systemk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, N is total picture number of sequence image;
(e) the coordinate set { (X according to target surface point in world coordinate systemk, Yk, Zk) | 1≤k≤N }, by each point with
Point around it in field connects and composes triangle gridding, and the profile diagram for forming target surface is connected by the face that triangle gridding forms
The reconstruct of shape realization target surface three-D profile figure in world coordinate system.
2. a kind of method based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three-D profile as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, pixel coordinate system obtains with the following method to world coordinate system transformational relation:
Shooting unit is fixed on mobile vehicle by step 1;
Step 2, calibration object is fixed in one plane;By adjusting calibration object or the direction of shooting unit, clapped for calibration object
The photo for taking the photograph some different directions obtains this group of photo in 4 in camera imaging linear model by Zhang Zhengyou calibration method
Portion's parameter: u0、v0、fx、fy, respectively indicate the pixel coordinate of principal point and the effective focal length of camera;2 external parameters: R, t, respectively
Indicate the rotation relationship and translation relation of camera coordinates system and world coordinate system, zcIndicate that z of the principal point under camera coordinates system is sat
Mark, can calculate pixel coordinate system to world coordinate system transformational relation according to this seven parameters:
3. a kind of method based on vehicle-mounted monocular focus sequence picture construction object three-D profile as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, shooting unit acquires sending device using ccd image, mobile vehicle is automobile.
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