CN110309585B - Implementation method of flexible coordination controller - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a realization method of a flexible coordination controller, which is based on an optimization algorithm of various unit parameters such as metal temperature of a steam drum wall, temperature of a steam turbine cylinder, opening speed of a main machine, important auxiliary machine output, different load stages (deep regulation), main steam temperature change speed, pressure deviation in an allowable range, low exhaust temperature and the like, and can dynamically calculate and fit an optimal variable load rate and variable pressure rate demand function model of a unit in real time, wherein the module directly acts on control logic of the variable load speed and the variable pressure rate of the coordination controller through a sent signal, so as to directly change the variable load intensity of a generator unit, act on dynamic loading of unit fuel quantity, water supply quantity and wind-coal ratio, realize the safety of unit lifting load and balance of regulation performance, and realize multi-parameter control calculation fuel. And the relation among coal, water, wind and each other required by the bottom layer is calculated by the controller parameters through an optimized algorithm, so that disturbance interference among systems tends to be balanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the automatic control technology of thermal power generation, and particularly relates to an implementation method of a flexible coordination controller.
Background
The coordination control is the most important control loop in the thermal power plant, plays the most important control function of the unit, realizes the tasks of output balance, material balance and energy balance of the boiler side and the turbine side of the unit, and is also the basis of automatic power generation control (AGC) and primary frequency modulation function after the unit is connected. Therefore, the index of the coordination controller (control loop) directly influences and even determines the stability of the power grid frequency and the stability, economy and environmental protection of the unit to a certain extent.
The variable load rate and the variable pressure rate in the coordination controller of the thermal power unit are set to be constant values or hard switching loops with different requirements at present, the constant rate is set by operators according to operation rules or experience values, the control mode according to the operation method is only used for meeting the basic variable load requirement, the variable load rate is a coarser and stiff control mode, the variable load rate is not optimal under many working conditions, certain sacrifice is caused to the safety, flexibility, economy and environmental protection of the unit, whether the rate is proper or not directly influences whether the unit meets the power grid requirements or not, and whether the potential application is reasonable or not when the unit operates is directly determined, namely the economic performance of the unit is also directly determined. Therefore, in the large environment with higher and higher requirements on the safety, flexibility, economy and environmental protection of the generator set, the realization of the technology for improving the relevant performance index of the generator set through the transformation and optimization of the generator set has important practical significance.
The invention aims at designing an intelligent setting controller based on the elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate of a coordinated control system. The controller replaces original hard switching rate logic with elastic rate based on algorithms of influences of factors such as metal temperature of a steam drum wall, temperature of a steam turbine cylinder body, opening rate of a main machine, output of important auxiliary machines, different load stages (deep regulation), main steam temperature change rate, pressure deviation in an allowable range, low exhaust temperature and the like on variable load rate and variable pressure rate of a unit, and realizes calculation of multi-parameter reference control fuel. The controller designed by the invention can effectively solve the problem of rough control caused by manual setting of the variable load rate in the current unit coordination control mode, can also effectively solve the problems of the current AGC assessment and environment protection assessment failure of a plurality of power plants and the assessment rewards and punishment problems caused by poor variable load rate setting under the deep peak-load-regulating working condition, and can improve the safety, flexibility, economy and environment protection of the unit.
At present, no coordinated control scheme system based on elastic variable load rate and variable pressure is designed for the domestic generator set, and the invention is an innovation in the aspect of control strategies for dynamically adjusting the coordination characteristics of the generator set under the condition of extremely large market demands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an implementation of a flexible coordination controller, wherein the specific implementation flow is as follows:
and step 1, receiving a system signal of an application object unit, and establishing a unit safety threshold algorithm and a performance threshold algorithm. The controller receives signals of a unit, including the metal temperature of the steam drum wall, the temperature of the steam turbine cylinder body, the opening speed of a steam turbine valve, the output of important auxiliary machines, different load stages (deep regulation), the temperature change speed of main steam, the pressure deviation in an allowable range, the excessively low exhaust temperature and the like. Calculating a variable load rate requirement threshold value of a unit under the condition by a marginal condition algorithm in a threshold value algorithm area shown in the figure 2, sending the threshold value to a next-step optimizing intelligent screener, and replacing original hard switching rate logic with elastic variable rate to realize multi-parameter multi-marginal condition parameter control calculation of the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate;
step 2, establishing and editing an intelligent optimizing algorithm, adopting an online intelligent analyzer optimizing algorithm area to show, carrying out online calculation on each algorithm function in the step 1, searching out the domain degree threshold specific algorithm rule reaching the marginal condition in all algorithm devices, sending the generated optimal variable load rate and variable pressure rate to a next interface for output, and setting to a coordination control system;
and 3, the controller interface is positioned at the coordination level of a unit DCS (distributed and centralized control) system (see the output of an elastic variable load and variable pressure rate controller in the attached figure 2), the interface 1 is an original load limiting module added by using newly generated load limiting, the interface 2 is an original manual load rate setting module replaced by using newly generated rate values, and the interface 3 is an on-line setting parameter interface. The function of the step is to issue the optimal control instruction to each control system.
Step 4, accessing a rate optimization algorithm into a coordination logic, observing a unit operation curve, verifying the rationality of each single algorithm in the step 1 and the intelligent optimization algorithm in the step 2, and performing real-time online fine adjustment on the rate optimization algorithm parameters;
and 5, in the later operation and maintenance of the unit, if the unit characteristics change due to the replacement of the thermodynamic equipment of the system, the optimization algorithm is also required to be updated in real time according to the new characteristics of the unit. In the controller of the invention, a threshold value optimization algorithm and an intelligent optimization algorithm are reserved with an on-line settable parameter interface.
The invention provides a novel coordination controller based on elastic variable load rate and elastic variable pressure rate, which realizes the control function of the elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate of a coordination control system of a large-scale coal-fired unit or a gas combined cycle unit. The controller directly acts on the logic of the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate of the coordination controller through the sent signals, so that the inertia time of the coordination model of the unit is directly changed, the signals act on the fuel quantity, the water supply quantity and the wind-coal ratio of the dynamic model of the unit, the model of the unit can be dynamically and real-timely fitted, the accurate control is realized, the multi-parameter control calculation fuel is realized, and the coordination matching parameters of the unit and the furnace are dynamically calculated and are optimal in real time.
The invention is used for a coordination controller of a large-scale coal-fired unit and a gas combined cycle unit, and based on the optimization algorithm of various unit parameters such as the metal temperature of the steam drum wall, the temperature of the steam turbine cylinder, the opening speed of a main machine, the output of an important auxiliary machine, different load stages (deep regulation), the temperature change speed of main steam, the pressure deviation in an allowable range, the exhaust temperature and the like, the optimal variable load rate and the pressure change rate demand function model of the unit can be dynamically calculated and fitted in real time, the coordination controller is improved through the optimization algorithm, and the relation among coal, water, wind and the mutual relation required by the bottom layer is calculated through the optimal controller parameters, so that the control quality can be obviously improved, and disturbance interference among the systems tends to be balanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a "coordination controller based on elastic load rate and elastic pressure rate" according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of the "controller for elastically varying load rate and elastically varying pressure rate" of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the threshold items of the "controller for elastic variable load rate and elastic variable pressure rate" according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an intelligent optimization algorithm of the controller of the elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate in the invention.
Detailed Description
A coordinated controller based on an elastic load rate and an elastic pressure rate is shown in fig. 1, and comprises four major parts: the system comprises a receiver unit signal part, a variable rate component item, a controller for coordinating the core elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate of the controller, an embedded interface and an online setting algorithm parameter interface module.
1. The receiver unit signal part mainly receives important parameter signals from DCS (distributed and centralized control system of power plant), and mainly comprises drum wall temperature, exhaust gas temperature, NOx and SO2 concentration, steam turbine cylinder temperature, unit load, main steam temperature, comprehensive valve position, fan current, water supply pump current and the like.
2. The core part of the coordination controller based on the elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate is the controller of the elastic variable load rate and the elastic variable pressure rate, the internal structure is shown in figure 2, and the coordination controller mainly comprises a threshold algorithm area and an intelligent optimizing algorithm area. The threshold algorithm area mainly analyzes according to requirements, and designs a marginal condition rate optimization algorithm based on important safety parameters, auxiliary machine output parameters and environmental protection parameters of the unit in a process object-oriented manner, wherein the marginal condition rate optimization algorithm comprises an a steam drum wall temperature algorithm, a b smoke exhaust temperature algorithm, a different load algorithm c, an auxiliary machine output algorithm d, an e steam engine cylinder temperature algorithm, an f comprehensive valve position algorithm and a g main steam temperature algorithm in the attached figure 2. (flow chart of algorithms see FIG. 3)
As shown in fig. 2, the a algorithm generates different variable load rate and variable pressure rate algorithms for different load phases. According to the algorithm, big data analysis is firstly carried out on long-term operation working conditions of the unit, and according to conditions such as load, main steam pressure, boiler steam parameters, drum water level fluctuation and the like when different load stages change load, a curve of combustion stability conditions is analyzed, so that the combustion stability conditions of the unit and the conditions of heat storage utilization of the boiler in different load stages can be judged under the condition of constant-speed operation given by original operation staff, further optimization correction is carried out in different load stages on the basis of original constant-speed, and then the corrected parameters are observed and verified in real time. Optimizing, correcting and verifying for many times, and finally generating an optimal curve function F (Xa) of each load segment;
the specific technical scheme of F (Xa): let Pe be the rated load, Z be the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the regulation standard as a percentage of the rated load (for example, 600MW direct-blowing unit is Pe 1.5%, Z is 1.5%); ps main steam pressure set value, pv actual main steam pressure, delta 1 is the maximum allowable value of main steam pressure deviation of the current unit (specific value can inquire about acceptance test procedure of analog quantity control system of thermal power plant, 600 MW-level direct-blowing unit is +/-0.6 MPa),
definition of
Let P be 1 P is a measurement value of hearth negative pressure 2 For the actual value set of the hearth negative pressure, delta 2 is the maximum allowable value of the main hearth pressure deviation of the current unit (specific can inquire about the acceptance test procedure of the analog quantity control system of the thermal power plant, 600 MW-level direct-blowing unit is +/-200 Pa), and then the method is defined
Then F (x 1) =a can be calculated at load point x1 according to the algorithm formula 1 *A 2 * Pe x Z, according to this formula, corresponding F (x 1), F (x 2), F (x 3), F (x 4), F (x 5), F (x 6), F (x 8) are calculated at a plurality of load points x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, resulting in a curve function F (Xa) = (x 2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8; F (x 1), F (x 2), F (x 3), F (x 4), F (x 5), F (x 6), F (x 7), F (x 8)). The unit automatically corrects the variable load rate in real time in different load sections according to an algorithm F (Xa), so that the energy demand matching of the machine and furnace represented by the main steam pressure of each load section of the unit and the combustion fluctuation represented by the negative pressure of the hearth can be ensured to have larger safety and stability margin and larger combustion fluctuationEconomical mode of operation.
The present invention has the advantage that,
first: as shown in fig. 2, the algorithm a generates different variable load rates and variable pressure rates for different load stages, and the design of the algorithm takes the characteristic of low combustion stability under low load into consideration, so that the AGC lowest load lower limit network can be effectively extended, the flexibility of a unit is greatly improved, and the method has a great promotion effect on the deep peak regulation requirement of the power grid, which is urgent to deepen on the power supply side, due to the large peak-valley change of the power grid caused by the intermittent generation of new energy. Meanwhile, the algorithm also considers the difference of heat storage of the unit in different load stages and the difference of heat required in load changing, obviously improves the response speed of the unit, better meets the AGC assessment requirement of the unit, and correspondingly obtains the reward of network adjustment on the AGC assessment of the unit. Finally, the algorithm considers the heat storage and also correspondingly considers the operation limit of the unit, and correspondingly weakens the variable load rate and the variable pressure in a load section with slower unit characteristics, thereby improving the safety margin of the unit during operation.
Second,: as shown in fig. 2, the algorithm of generating variable load and variable pressure rate due to large temperature difference of the drum wall is an optimization algorithm based on the temperature difference of the drum wall and the change rate of the drum temperature, so that the safety and stability margin of the drum wall temperature can be effectively increased when the unit stably operates, the service life of the equipment can be prolonged due to the fine consideration of the material stress of the drum equipment, and the economy of the unit is further improved; as shown in fig. 2, c is the variable load and variable pressure rate optimization algorithm based on the output limit of the auxiliary machine, and based on the variable load and variable pressure rate of the output limit of each important auxiliary machine, each auxiliary machine has a larger safety margin when the unit operates, and the operation life of the auxiliary machine is correspondingly prolonged, so that the economical efficiency is improved; as shown in fig. 2, the algorithm d is an algorithm for generating variable load and variable pressure rate based on the temperature difference of the steam turbine cylinder temperature, and is an optimization algorithm based on the temperature difference of the steam turbine cylinder temperature and the change rate of the steam turbine cylinder temperature, so that the safety and stability margin of the steam turbine can be increased when the unit operates, the service life of equipment can be correspondingly prolonged, and the economical efficiency of the unit can be further improved.
Third,: as shown in fig. 2, the e algorithm considers the strength of the real-time turbine as the functional capability based on the comprehensive valve position optimization variable load and variable pressure rate of the turbine, so that the characteristics of the turbine set can be more accurately calculated, the optimal variable load rate can be matched, the running efficiency of the turbine set can be improved, and the economic performance of the turbine set can be improved; as shown in fig. 2, the f algorithm is an optimized variable load and variable pressure rate algorithm based on the main steam pressure deviation, flexibly matches the output conditions of the boiler and the steam turbine under any working conditions, can more accurately and effectively improve the response speed and the safety margin of the unit, and further improves the economy and the safety of the unit.
Fourth,: as shown in fig. 2, g is the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate of the unit, which are optimized based on the boiler exhaust gas temperature, directly through the boiler exhaust gas temperature and various environmental protection parameters when the unit runs for a long time in the past, and because the algorithm is an optimization strategy based on the environmental protection parameters, the pollution discharge fluctuation of the unit during the variable load can be well solved, the environmental pollution can be effectively reduced, and the economic performance of the unit can be improved.
Furthermore, the maximum loop of a plurality of restriction factors of the running machine set can be ensured under any running condition of the machine set, the parameter change is tracked in real time, the short plates running on the machine set at any moment can be elastically reflected under the conditions of variable load and variable main steam pressure through the control algorithm of the device, the control range of the rough and fixed values of the existing control equipment is compared, and the hard switching mode using the protection function is compared.
Furthermore, the stability margin and the safety margin of the unit operation are improved, the operation of operators is reduced, and the misoperation probability is reduced; in the aspect of network involvement, the machine set can participate in deep peak shaving more flexibly, the requirements of AGC are responded better, the network involvement performance index of the machine set is improved, and the load regulation flexibility of the machine set is improved;
further, the method for calculating the dynamic coordination model of the domestic unit is perfected, and the blank of the elastic variable rate control strategy of the domestic unit for coordinated nonlinear model control is filled.
As shown in fig. 2, the algorithm b is an algorithm that generates a variable load and a variable pressure rate with a large drum wall temperature difference. Firstly, directly observing the extreme value of the temperature change rate of the steam drum wall and the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam drum through the long-term operation parameters of the past unit, comparing the extreme value with the requirement standard of metal materials and the like on the temperature difference when the steam drum is operated safely and stably, judging the safety margin, adjusting and optimizing the original variable load rate and the variable pressure rate according to the safety margin, and repeatedly adjusting and verifying the new variable load rate and the new variable pressure rate for a plurality of times, thereby generating a final proper variable load rate and variable pressure rate algorithm function F (Xb);
the power plant operation regulations prescribe that the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of the steam ladle cannot exceed 50 ℃, and the temperature rise and fall rate of the wall is less than 1.5 ℃/min. According to the long-term operation and start-stop parameters of the unit, the extreme value B1 of the temperature difference of the steam drum wall of the unit can be searched, delta B is set as the real value of the temperature difference of the upper wall of the steam drum, namely B1 is the maximum value of the temperature difference delta B of the steam drum wall in the operation period, a safety interval [0,40], alarm operation intervals [40,45], a temperature difference function curve F (delta B) is defined, and the variable load rate is corrected in the alarm safety interval in equal proportion.
If B1<40, then
If B1 is greater than or equal to 40, then
Let DeltaR be actual drum wall temperature change rate, B2 be temperature change rate extreme value, define safe interval [0,0.8], alarm operation interval [0.8,1.2], correct the variable load rate in equal proportion in alarm safe interval.
If B2<0.8, then
If B2 is more than or equal to 0.8, then
Generating a final elastic load rate algorithm function F (Xb) =f (Δb) =f (Δr) ×pe×z of the B algorithm (where Pe is the rated load, and Z is the percentage of the rated load required by the protocol standard for the minimum variable load rate of the unit
As shown in fig. 2, the c algorithm is an algorithm for optimizing the variable load and variable pressure rate based on the auxiliary machine output limit. The algorithm adjusts the variable load and the variable pressure rate correspondingly according to the fact that the output condition of each auxiliary machine reaches the rated output under each working condition, so that the auxiliary machine has larger safety margin. For example, when the boiler side auxiliary machine primary fan is in high load, the fuel quantity requirement is larger, the fan output is larger, at the moment, the safety margin of the fan running at the moment can be judged according to the comparison of the running current and the rated current and the comparison of the fan outlet pressure and the fan maximum output, and meanwhile, parameters such as the temperature, vibration and the like of a fan motor bearing are also considered, and the variable load and the variable pressure rate of a unit are reduced according to the margin, so that the fan can run more stably and safely. Other important auxiliary machines such as a blower, a draught fan, a water supply pump and the like all generate an optimization algorithm according to the method, and finally an algorithm function F (Xc) of variable load and variable pressure rate based on the output limit of each important auxiliary machine is formed;
let K1 be the real-time current of the primary fan, K2 be the rated current of the primary fan, K3 be the average current value during normal operation, define the safe operation interval [0.85 x K3,1.15 x K3], alarm operation interval [1.15 x K3,0.9 x K2], when the real-time current of the fan is in the safe interval, define the function F (K)
Setting the real-time running current of the blower M1, the rated current of the blower M2, the average current of the blower during normal running of the blower M3,
then define the safe operation interval [0.85×m3,1.15×m3], alarm operation interval is [1.15×m3,0.9×m2], when the fan real-time operation current is in the safe interval, define the function F (M)
Setting N1 blower real-time running current, N2 as rated current of blower, N3 as average current of blower during normal running,
then define a safe operation interval [0.85×n3,1.15×n3], an alarm operation interval [1.15×n3,0.9×n2], and define a function F (N) when the fan real-time operation current is in the safe interval
Finally generating an elastic load rate algorithm function F (Xc) =f (K) ×f (M) ×f (N) ×pe×z; (wherein Pe is rated load, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of rated load). The algorithm can also expand algorithms similar to F (K), F (M) and F (N) of other auxiliary machines such as a water supply pump and the like according to the actual situation of the site.
As shown in fig. 2, the algorithm d is an algorithm for generating variable load and variable pressure rate based on the turbine cylinder temperature difference. Firstly, directly observing the extreme value of the temperature change rate of a steam turbine cylinder and the temperature difference of the steam turbine through the long-term operation parameters of the past unit, comparing the extreme value with the requirement standard of the steam turbine for the temperature difference when the steam turbine is fully and stably operated, judging a safety margin, adjusting and optimizing the original variable load rate and the variable pressure rate according to the safety margin, and repeatedly adjusting and verifying the new variable load rate and the new variable pressure rate for a plurality of times, thereby generating a final algorithm function F (Xd 2) of the variable load rate F (Xd 1) and the variable pressure rate based on the temperature difference of the steam turbine cylinder;
the temperature difference between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of a turbine designed in a turbine factory is generally 50 ℃, the temperature difference value D1 of the turbine cylinder of the turbine set can be searched according to the long-term operation trend of the turbine set, a safety interval [0,35], alarm operation intervals [35,40] are defined, a temperature difference function curve F (delta D) is defined, the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate are corrected in the alarm safety interval, and the minimum unit variable pressure rate required by the network regulation is set as Y, so that the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate of the turbine set are ensured
Then the elastic load rate algorithm function F (Xd 1) =f (Δd) ×pe×z; (wherein Pe is rated load, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of rated load).
Elastic transformation pressure rate algorithm function F (Xd 2) =f (Δd) ×y; (Y is the minimum required load rate of the network tone).
As shown in fig. 2, the e algorithm is an algorithm for optimizing the variable load and variable pressure rate based on the turbine integrated valve position. The algorithm calculates the intensity of the working potential of the current turbine according to the comprehensive valve position instruction and the instruction change rate given by the turbine main controller when the unit changes load, and further optimizes the load changing rate. When the comprehensive valve position command calculated by the coordinated sub-loop steam turbine controller according to the load command closed loop is large and the change rate is relatively large, the time-varying load rate is relatively high, the side output of the boiler is not timely kept up, the steam turbine valve is required to be opened rapidly, and the time-varying load rate is required to be weakened correspondingly; conversely, the load-change rate is increased. Meanwhile, referring to the flow curves of all valves of the steam turbine, the intensity of the current comprehensive valve opening degree steam turbine adjusting capacity can be obtained by comparison, and a curve function F (Xe 1) and an elastic pressure variable function F (Xe 2) of the variable load rate according to the position of the comprehensive valve of the steam turbine are generated based on the intensity; setting Δe as the current integrated valve position, and the algorithm function F (Δe1) for load rate correction and the algorithm function F (Δe2) for pressure change rate correction are as follows:
then the elastic load rate algorithm function F (Xe 1) =f (Δe1) ×pe×z; (wherein Pe is rated load, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of rated load).
Elastic transformation pressure rate algorithm function F (Xd 2) =f (Δe2) ×y; (Y is the minimum required load rate of the network tone).
As shown in fig. 2, the f algorithm is an optimized variable load and variable pressure rate algorithm based on the main vapor pressure deviation. The algorithm judges whether the boiler output can keep up with the load demand of the turbine side according to the deviation of the main steam pressure and the pressure given value when the unit changes load, thereby optimizing the variable load and the variable pressure rate. When the deviation between the set value of the main steam pressure and the actual pressure is larger, the fact that the output of the boiler side is not matched with the energy demand of the steam turbine side at the moment is indicated, the variable pressure rate needs to be adjusted, and the energy demand of the steam turbine side and the heat output of the boiler side are coordinated. When the load is expanded, the set value of the main steam pressure is larger than the actual pressure and the deviation is larger, which indicates that the side output of the boiler cannot follow at the moment, and when other parameters are proper, the pressure change rate needs to be reduced to match the current output characteristic, otherwise, the pressure change rate can be accelerated, and the load demand can be responded more quickly according to the current output characteristic of the unit. Generating an elastic variable load rate algorithm function F (Xf) according to the influence relation of the main steam pressure deviation on the variable load and the variable pressure rate during actual operation; let Δf be the deviation of the current pressure set value from the actual value, Q be the maximum dynamic pressure deviation of the unit required in the "test procedure for acceptance of analog control System of thermal Power plant", correct coefficient function F (Δf) for load rate:
f (Xf) =f (Δf) ×pe×z; (wherein Pe is rated load, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of rated load).
As shown in fig. 2, the g algorithm is an algorithm that optimizes variable load and variable pressure rate based on boiler exhaust gas temperature. The algorithm directly generates an algorithm function F (Xg) for limiting the output change rate of the unit according to the change of the environmental protection parameters according to the relation between the exhaust gas temperature and the NOx concentration and the like through the influence of the exhaust gas temperature on denitration by the boiler exhaust gas temperature and various environmental protection parameters when the unit runs for a long time; the NOx emission concentration of the coal-fired thermal generator set is lower than 50ppm according to the environmental protection requirement. Let Δg be the outlet NOx emission concentration, the factor function F (Δg) is corrected for the variable load rate as follows:
the final G algorithm is F (Xg) =f (Δg) ×pe×z; (wherein Pe is rated load, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of rated load).
And each threshold algorithm calculates the rate requirements of different thresholds in real time according to the respective marginal conditions and outputs the rate requirements to the intelligent optimizing algorithm. The fuzzy weight ratio is set by adopting an empirical method through big data analysis, and finally the preferred calculation is finished through a small selector.
The intelligent optimizing algorithm in the intelligent optimizing algorithm area is shown in the intelligent optimizing algorithm module part in figure 1, and is used for realizing intelligent optimizing of the output results of each threshold algorithm, and the specific core algorithm is shown in figure 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the threshold groups generated by the 8-item main condition algorithm together form the intelligent setting module selection item. The listed items are all field test screening results (including drum wall temperature, cylinder temperature, pressure rise and fall/temperature rate, main steam pressure deviation, load segmentation, comprehensive valve position, auxiliary machine output and exhaust gas temperature) of the patent project group, for example, the internal algorithm of the controller considers the influence of the main steam temperature change rate on the variable load and the variable pressure of the unit, the control target of the controller improves the operation safety of the unit, and meanwhile, the controller has benign promotion effect on the service life of a furnace tube, and improves the economy of the unit operation; for example, the influence of the output change of the auxiliary machine on the variable load and the variable pressure of the unit is considered by an internal algorithm of the controller, for example, the response speed of the auxiliary machine is correspondingly slowed down when the auxiliary machine reaches rated current, so that the safety of the auxiliary machine is protected by the patent controller, and the service life of the corresponding auxiliary machine and the safety of the unit are prolonged; for example, the internal algorithm of the controller considers the influence of the difference of the characteristics of the whole unit on the variable load and the variable pressure of the unit, for example, in the low load stage, the combustion stability of a boiler is poor, and the heat accumulation is small, so that the characteristics of the unit at the moment are greatly different from those of other load stages, the nonlinearity is stronger, the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate are correspondingly corrected by a certain coefficient, the combustion fluctuation of the boiler is small and stable, the deep peak regulation low load scheduling of the current power grid is very beneficial, and the safety stability of the unit is also improved.
The controller comprises an intelligent screening module for each marginal condition (8) and the intelligent preferential calculation is finished through a small selector through fuzzy weight ratios matched for each condition. The final lifting load rate and lifting main steam pressure rate are set through a coordination system of the next step to control equipment, and the equipment acts on each equipment in the power production link.
3. Embedded interface
The embedded interface is shown in an interface area in fig. 1, and the detailed structure is shown in the embedded interfaces 1, 2 and 3 in fig. 1, and is used for accessing the result of the intelligent rate optimization algorithm to the original coordination logic to form a new coordination controller. The logic algorithms such as rate limitation, locking increase and locking decrease of load and pressure in the original coordination logic and the priority of the rate optimization algorithm are comprehensively considered, and the embedded interface of the rate optimization algorithm is designed according to the principle that the safe and stable operation priority is highest, the operator intervenes in the second, environment-friendly performance is third, and the economic performance and the flexible performance are lowest.
4. On-line setting algorithm parameter module
The online setting module is shown in fig. 1 and is used for online setting and later operation maintenance after the operation of the algorithms.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (1)
1. The implementation method of the flexible coordination controller is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, receiving a unit system signal of an application object, establishing a unit safety threshold algorithm and a performance threshold algorithm, wherein the flexible coordination controller receives unit signals including upper and lower metal temperatures of a steam drum wall, a steam turbine cylinder body temperature, a steam turbine valve regulating change rate, three fans and water supply pump output, a wide load working condition of a deep peak regulating unit, a main steam temperature change rate, a main steam pressure deviation in an allowable range and a unit smoke discharge temperature, and further calculates a unit variable load rate requirement threshold under the condition by adopting a marginal condition algorithm in a threshold algorithm area, and the 8 items are characterized in that a steam drum wall temperature condition F (Xan), a smoke discharge temperature condition F (Xb), a load segmentation condition F (Xc), an auxiliary machine output condition F (Xd), a steam turbine cylinder temperature condition F (Xe), a comprehensive valve position condition F (Xf), a main steam temperature condition F (Xg) and a main steam pressure deviation condition F (Xh);
the F (Xa) algorithm designed in 1.1 comprises a safety marginal condition and a performance evaluation threshold value, pe is set as rated load, Z is set as the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by a rule standard as the percentage of rated load, the 600MW direct-blowing unit is Pe 1.5%, and Z is 1.5%; ps main steam pressure set value, pv actual main steam pressure, delta 1 is the maximum allowable value of main steam pressure deviation of the current unit, and a 600 MW-level direct-blowing unit is +/-0.6 MPa, which is defined
Let P be 1 P is a measurement value of hearth negative pressure 2 For the actual value of the hearth negative pressure, delta 2 is the maximum allowable value of the pressure deviation of the main hearth of the current unit, and then the method is defined
F (x 1) =A according to the algorithm formula at load point x1 1 *A 2 * Pe x Z, according to this formula, corresponding F (x 1) is calculated at a plurality of load points x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8,F (x 2), F (x 3), F (x 4), F (x 5), F (x 6), F (x 7) and F (x 8), calculating and generating characteristic functions F (Xa) = (x 2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 and x8; F (x 1), F (x 2), F (x 3), F (x 4), F (x 5), F (x 6), F (x 7) and F (x 8)), and automatically correcting variable load rates of a unit in different load sections in real time according to an algorithm F (Xa), so that the energy requirement matching of an engine furnace represented by main steam pressure of each load section of the unit and combustion fluctuation represented by negative pressure of a furnace are ensured to have larger safety stability margin and an economic operation mode;
1.2 Algorithm function F (Xb); the power plant operation regulations prescribe that the temperature difference between the upper wall and the lower wall of a steam drum cannot exceed 50 ℃, the wall temperature rise and fall rate is less than 1.5 ℃/min, the extremum B1 of the wall temperature difference of the steam drum of a unit can be searched according to the long-term operation and start-stop parameters of the unit, the DeltaB is set as the real value of the temperature difference of the upper wall of the steam drum, namely, B1 is the maximum value of the wall temperature difference DeltaB of the steam drum during operation, a safety interval [0,40] is defined, an alarm operation interval [40,45] is defined, a temperature difference function curve F (DeltaB) is defined, and the variable load rate is corrected in an equal proportion in the alarm safety interval;
if B1<40, then
If B1 is greater than or equal to 40, then
Let DeltaR be actual drum wall temperature change rate, B2 be temperature change rate extreme value, define safe interval [0,0.8], alarm operation interval [0.8,1.2], correct the variable load rate in equal proportion in the alarm safe interval;
if B2<0.8
If B2 is more than or equal to 0.8, then
Generating a final elastic load rate algorithm function F (Xb) =F (delta B) =F (delta R) ×Pe×Z of the algorithm B, wherein Pe is the rated load of the target unit, Z is the minimum variable load rate of the unit required by the rule standard and is the percentage of the rated load, the load rate calculated by the boundary condition of each system is further sent to a next optimizing intelligent screener, and the elastic variable rate replaces the original hard switching rate logic, so that the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate are calculated by multi-parameter multi-boundary condition parameter control, and the flexible coordination configuration of each parameter of the thermal unit is realized;
step 2, establishing and editing an intelligent optimizing algorithm, adopting an online intelligent screening module, searching the optimal parameters of the intelligent optimizing by online searching the threshold values of the boundary conditions in the step 1, searching the specific algorithm rules of the threshold values of the domains reaching the boundary conditions in all algorithm devices, sending the generated optimal variable load rate and variable pressure rate to a next interface for output, and setting the optimal variable load rate and variable pressure rate to a coordination control system; the algorithm function of the optimizing algorithm area of the online intelligent analyzer is as follows: MIN [ FuzzySets (F(Xa)，F(Xb)，F(Xc)，F(Xd)，F(Xe)，F(Xf)，F(Xg)，F(Xh)]；
The intelligent screening module completes intelligent preferred calculation through a small selection rule machine through fuzzy weight ratios matched with all conditions, and the generated final lifting load rate and lifting main steam pressure rate are set to be controlled by a coordination system of the next step to act on all equipment in the power production link;
step 3, the controller interface is positioned in the distributed centralized control of the unit DCS power plant, the output of the coordination level elastic variable load and variable pressure rate controller of the system is added into the original load limiting module by using the newly generated load limit, and the small interface is taken as the system interface to enter the original coordination control system; the new speed value is used for replacing an original manual load speed setting module, and the step function is to send a preferred control instruction to each control system through a system interface, wherein the preferred control instruction comprises a fuel control system, a wind and smoke control system, a water supply control system and other sub-layer control systems;
step 4, in the later operation and maintenance of the unit, if the unit characteristics change due to the replacement of the thermodynamic equipment of the system, the optimization algorithm also needs to be updated in real time according to the new characteristics of the unit, and a threshold optimization algorithm and an intelligent optimization algorithm in the controller are reserved with on-line setting parameter interfaces;
and 5, based on an intelligent action setting module on the thermal automation coordination control system, the setting module directly acts on the control logic of the variable load rate and the variable pressure rate of the coordination controller through the sent signals, so that the variable load intensity of the generator set is directly changed, the variable load intensity acts on the dynamic loading of the fuel quantity, the water supply quantity and the wind-coal ratio of the generator set, the safety of the lifting load of the generator set and the balance of the regulation performance are realized, the multiparameter parameter control calculation fuel is realized, the controller finally acts on each device in the electric power production link through connecting the amplitude limiting and the speed limiting module of the coordination control system, the operator manually sets the same effective mode, but only one condition item which is judged by the system is automatically set when the amplitude low limit and the speed low limit which trigger intelligent selection are started, and the dynamic operation adjustment of the generator set is completed.
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| CN111308989B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2022-12-02 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Automatic regulating quality testing system and method for analog quantity control system |
| CN111884264B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-09-29 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Intelligent variable rate control method for automatic power generation control of thermal generator set |
| CN111912467A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | Surface load rate measuring device and measuring method |
| CN113565593B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-08-15 | 广东惠州天然气发电有限公司 | Load self-adaptive control system for starting stage of split-shaft combined cycle unit |
| CN113671837B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2024-05-24 | 华能南京燃机发电有限公司 | Cold start NOx emission control method and system for combined cycle unit |
| CN114151207B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-12-22 | 中山嘉明电力有限公司 | Rapid load-changing control method for gas turbine unit |
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