CN110308553B - Intermediate infrared imaging optical system for field switching based on micro-lens array - Google Patents
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- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003330 mid-infrared imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and aims to find a new solution for large-field high-resolution imaging and overcome the defects of low switching frequency, complex system structure and the like; the field division optical wedge group is of an n-group symmetrical structure, each group consists of two achromatic optical wedges and is distributed at different aperture positions of the system; the visual field switching micro lens array consists of two micro lens arrays and is distributed on a primary imaging surface; when a large-field-of-view light beam in a certain range is incident into the intermediate infrared imaging optical system in parallel, the field-of-view splitting optical wedge group is equally divided into n sections of small field-of-view, and the small field-of-view is converted into the same field angle, so that the division of the large field-of-view is completed. The invention is mainly applied to the design and manufacture occasions of the imaging equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to an imaging optical system based on a micro-lens array, in particular to a mid-infrared imaging optical system for field switching based on the micro-lens array.
Background
The infrared optical system has a long wavelength, a small scattering degree and a long propagation distance, so that the infrared optical system has wide application in the fields of long-distance information transmission and signal detection. However, the conventional infrared imaging system cannot realize large view field and high resolution simultaneously due to the limitation of a detector, in the existing technical scheme, the frequency of the system is not high due to the limitation of the frequency of the directional mirror in the directional mirror conversion scheme, and the system cost is increased along with the increase of the lenses and the detector in the multi-lens splicing scheme.
Miniaturization and intellectualization are trends in the development of modern technologies, and the development of micro-optics is promoted by the development of microelectronics. The micro-optical element is characterized by small volume, light weight, large design freedom, integration, reproducibility and the like. The micro-optics has wide application, and can be made into graded index lenses, continuous surface type diffraction optical elements, binary optical elements, micro-lens arrays and the like. Microlens arrays have important and wide-ranging applications in micro-optical systems, such as for optical imaging, beam shaping, optical information processing, optical computing, optical interconnects, optical data transmission, optical scanning systems, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a middle infrared imaging optical system for switching the view field based on a micro-lens array, and aims to seek a new solution for large-view-field high-resolution imaging and overcome the defects of low switching frequency, complex system structure and the like. The intermediate infrared imaging optical system based on the micro-lens array for field switching comprises a field splitting optical wedge group, a primary imaging objective lens, a field switching micro-lens array and a secondary imaging objective lens; the field division optical wedge group is of an n-group symmetrical structure, each group consists of two achromatic optical wedges and is distributed at different aperture positions of the system; the visual field switching micro lens array consists of two micro lens arrays and is distributed on a primary imaging surface; when a large-field light beam in a certain range is incident into the intermediate infrared imaging optical system in parallel, the field-of-view splitting optical wedge group is equally divided into n sections of small field of view and converted into the same field angle, the division of the large field of view is completed at the moment, and the equally divided n sections of small field of view are sequentially distributed at different apertures of the system; n sections of light beams with the same field angle from different apertures are focused by the primary imaging objective lens, the light beams are imaged at a primary imaging surface in a strict image space and in a remote center manner, and the n sections of light beams with different aperture angles are selectively switched at the micro-lens array through the relative displacement between the micro-lens arrays; the selected light beam passes through a secondary imaging objective lens and is imaged on a detector in a proportional object-image relationship.
The field of view segmentation optical wedge is made of infrared materials.
The achromatic wedge set is composed of silicon and germanium in combination.
The primary imaging objective lens requires strict image space telecentricity, n sections of light beams from different view field ranges are sequentially distributed in an image space aperture angle at a primary imaging surface, and all the aperture angles incident on the primary imaging surface are equal.
The size of the micro-lens array is the size of a primary imaging surface and the size of an object surface of a secondary imaging objective lens, and in order to realize high resolution, one micro-lens unit corresponds to one pixel point, and the size of the micro-lens unit is determined by the size of a detector.
The first micro-lens array is used for spatially and linearly distributing light beams in n different aperture angles to n different apertures on the front surface of the second micro-lens array, plating an antireflection film in the middle aperture of each unit of the second micro-lens array, and plating a metal reflection film in other areas, or adding a mask plate in front of the second micro-lens array, selecting the light beams in n different apertures through the micro displacement in the X direction and the Y direction, and then focusing the light beams behind the micro-lens array to complete the selective switching of n sections of fields of view; the structure of each unit of the micro-lens array takes a Keplerian telescope structure as a prototype; according to the micro-lens array, light beams can only be transmitted in each unit channel, crosstalk between units cannot be caused, and stray light generation and light energy loss are avoided.
The field of view selected by the switching of the microlens array can be a one-dimensional n-segment small field of view or a two-dimensional n × n-segment small field of view.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the optical wedge to divide the view field, and the micro lens array selects and switches the view field, thereby realizing the function of high-resolution imaging under the condition of large view field. The system has high field switching frequency and compact structure, and has important significance for improving the performance of the optical system.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural layout diagram of a mid-infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field-of-view switching based on a microlens array according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view field splitting wedge group structure diagram of a mid-infrared imaging optical system for one-dimensional 3-segment view field switching based on a micro lens array.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microlens unit of a mid-infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field-of-view switching based on a microlens array, namely a keplerian telescope structure, and a conversion structure diagram applied to the system.
Fig. 4 is a front objective structure diagram of a mid-infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field switching based on a micro-lens array, namely a strict image space telecentric structure diagram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of beam imaging for selectively switching a middle field angle range in the middle infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field switching based on the microlens array according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of beam imaging for selectively switching an upper-segment field angle range in the mid-infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field switching based on the microlens array according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of beam imaging for selectively switching a lower field angle range in the mid-infrared imaging optical system for performing one-dimensional 3-segment field switching based on the microlens array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a middle infrared imaging optical system for field switching based on a micro lens array, which comprises a field dividing optical wedge group, a primary imaging objective lens, a field switching micro lens array and a secondary imaging objective lens, wherein the field dividing optical wedge group is used for dividing a field; the field division optical wedge group is of an n-group symmetrical structure, each group consists of two achromatic optical wedges and is distributed at different aperture positions of the system; the visual field switching micro lens array consists of two micro lens arrays and is distributed on a primary imaging surface of the system; when a large-field-of-view light beam in a certain range is incident into the intermediate infrared imaging optical system in parallel, the field-of-view split optical wedge group is equally divided into n small fields of view, and the n small fields of view are converted into the same field angle. At the moment, the division of the large view field is completed, and the equally divided n sections of small view fields are sequentially distributed at different apertures of the system; the n-segment light beams with the same field angle from different apertures are focused by the primary imaging objective lens, and are imaged at a primary imaging plane in a strict image space and far-center mode. The n sections of light beams with different aperture angles are selectively switched at the micro-lens array through the relative displacement between the micro-lens arrays; the selected light beam passes through a secondary imaging objective lens and is imaged on a detector in a proportional object-image relationship.
The field-of-view segmentation optical wedge adopts common infrared materials such as silicon and germanium in a combined mode to form an achromatic optical wedge group in order to reduce chromatic aberration introduced by the optical wedge in a middle infrared working waveband.
The primary imaging objective lens requires strict image space telecentricity, and the nature of field selection switching of the micro lens array is selection of different aperture angles, which is equivalent to an angle filter. And the n segments of light beams from different field ranges are sequentially distributed in the image space aperture angle at the primary imaging plane, so that all the aperture angles incident on the primary imaging plane are required to be equal.
The size of the micro lens array is the size of a primary imaging surface, and the size of the micro lens array is also the object surface of a secondary imaging objective lens. In order to realize high resolution, one microlens unit corresponds to one pixel point, and the size of the microlens unit is determined by the size of the detector.
The first micro lens array is used for spatially and linearly distributing the light beams in n different aperture angles at n different apertures on the front surface of the second micro lens array. And plating an antireflection film in the middle aperture of each unit of the second micro-lens array, plating a metal reflection film in other areas, or adding a mask plate in front of the second micro-lens array, selecting n light beams with different apertures through the micro displacement in the X direction and the Y direction, and then focusing the light beams behind the micro-lens array to complete the selective switching of n sections of fields.
The structure of each unit of the micro lens array takes a Keplerian telescope structure as a prototype.
According to the micro-lens array, light beams can only be transmitted in each unit channel, crosstalk between units cannot be caused, and stray light generation and light energy loss are avoided.
The field of view selected by the switching of the microlens array can be a one-dimensional n-segment small field of view or a two-dimensional n × n-segment small field of view.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention aims to provide a middle infrared imaging optical system for switching a view field based on a micro lens array, which has the advantages of compact structure, high view field switching frequency, small scanning displacement, capability of expanding n times of view field while ensuring spatial resolution and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the intermediate infrared imaging optical system for switching the field of view based on the microlens array provided by the invention is characterized by comprising a field-of-view splitting optical wedge group, a primary imaging objective lens, a field-of-view switching microlens array and a secondary imaging objective lens; the field division optical wedge group is of an n-group symmetrical structure, each group consists of two achromatic optical wedges and is distributed at different aperture positions of the system; the visual field switching micro lens array consists of two micro lens arrays and is distributed on a primary imaging surface of the system; when a large-field-of-view light beam in a certain range is incident into the intermediate infrared imaging optical system in parallel, the field-of-view split optical wedge group is equally divided into n small fields of view, and the n small fields of view are converted into the same field angle. At the moment, the division of the large view field is completed, and the equally divided n sections of small view fields are sequentially distributed at different apertures of the system; the n-segment light beams with the same field angle from different apertures are focused by the primary imaging objective lens, and are imaged at a primary imaging plane in a strict image space and far-center mode. The n sections of light beams with different aperture angles are selectively switched at the micro-lens array through the relative displacement between the micro-lens arrays; the selected light beam passes through a secondary imaging objective lens and is imaged on a detector in a proportional object-image relationship.
In the implementation case of the invention, the F number of the detector determines the size of the image space aperture angle of the secondary imaging objective lens; the object image ratio of the secondary imaging objective lens determines the size of an object space aperture angle, namely the size of an emergent aperture angle of the micro lens array; the essence of the micro lens array is that the object space aperture angle is divided into n sections in sequence, and one section is selected for imaging in a subsequent system, so that the object space aperture angle of the micro lens array is n times of the image space aperture angle, and the image space aperture angle of the primary imaging objective lens is determined; the image space aperture angle of the primary imaging objective lens determines the image space F number of the primary imaging objective lens; the size of the image plane of the primary imaging objective lens and its field angle determine its focal length, and thus determine the entrance pupil size.
In the implementation case of the invention, the segmented n segments of view fields are distributed at different aperture positions of the system, and the view field information is stored by using the aperture positions; each sub-aperture passes through a different field of view and the chief ray of each sub-aperture can be collimated by the wedge to be parallel to the system optical axis.
In the implementation case of the invention, the field-of-view splitting optical wedge group equally divides the large field of view into n segments which are distributed at different aperture positions of the system, so that in the object space of the primary imaging objective lens, information of different field of view is distributed in a linear space; for the primary imaging objective lens, different sub-apertures of the object space correspond to different aperture angles on the image space, so that information of different fields of view is distributed in the angle space on the image space of the primary imaging objective lens.
In the implementation case of the invention, for the field-of-view split optical wedge group, in order to reduce the chromatic aberration introduced by the optical wedge in the mid-infrared operating band, the achromatic optical wedge group is formed by adopting a common infrared material, such as a silicon and germanium combination mode. Each group of optical wedges collimates the central light beam with small field angle to be parallel to the optical axis of the system, so that n light beams with the same field angle range are formed.
In the implementation case of the invention, the strict image space telecentricity of the primary imaging objective lens is the basis for the field switching selection of the micro lens array. On the incidence plane of the micro lens array, different visual field information is sequentially arranged in the incidence angle. The first sheet of the microlens array acts to collimate each point of incidence on its front surface onto the front surface of the second sheet of the microlens array, discretely within the aperture of each microlens element at a different location. At the moment, different field information is distributed in the linear space of each microlens unit, an antireflection film is plated in the middle aperture of the second microlens unit, a metal reflection film is plated in other areas, or a mask plate is added in front of the second microlens, and light beams with different apertures are selected through the micro displacement in the X direction and the Y direction, so that the selective switching of n sections of fields is completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the structure of each unit of the microlens array takes a Keplerian telescope structure as a prototype. And for the micro-lens array, light beams can only be transmitted in each unit channel, crosstalk between units cannot be caused, and stray light generation and light energy loss are avoided.
According to the intermediate infrared imaging optical system for field switching based on the micro lens array, the field is divided by the optical wedge, the micro lens array selects to switch the field, and the function of high-resolution imaging under the condition of a large field is realized. The system has compact structure, high field switching frequency and small displacement, and has important significance for solving the contradiction between large field and high resolution of the optical system and improving the performance of the optical system.
Claims (6)
1. A middle infrared imaging optical system for field switching based on a micro lens array is characterized by comprising a field dividing optical wedge group, a primary imaging objective lens, a field switching micro lens array and a secondary imaging objective lens; the field division optical wedge group is of an n-group symmetrical structure, each group consists of two achromatic optical wedges and is distributed at different aperture positions of the system; the visual field switching micro lens array consists of two micro lens arrays and is distributed on a primary imaging surface; when a large-field light beam in a certain range is incident into the intermediate infrared imaging optical system in parallel, the field-of-view splitting optical wedge group is equally divided into n sections of small field of view and converted into the same field angle, the division of the large field of view is completed at the moment, and the equally divided n sections of small field of view are sequentially distributed at different apertures of the system; n sections of light beams with the same field angle from different apertures are focused by the primary imaging objective lens, the light beams are imaged at a primary imaging surface in a strict image space and in a remote center manner, and the n sections of light beams with different aperture angles are selectively switched at the micro-lens array through the relative displacement between the micro-lens arrays; the selected light beam passes through a secondary imaging objective lens and is imaged on a detector in a proportional object-image relationship.
2. The intermediate infrared imaging optical system with field switching based on a microlens array as set forth in claim 1, wherein said field dividing wedge is an infrared material, and an achromatic wedge set is composed of a combination of silicon and germanium.
3. The mid-infrared imaging optical system based on microlens array for field-of-view switching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary imaging objective lens requires strict image-side telecentricity, n segments of light beams from different field-of-view ranges are sequentially distributed within an image-side aperture angle at the primary imaging plane, and all the aperture angles incident on the primary imaging plane are equal.
4. The mid-infrared imaging optical system for field-of-view switching based on a microlens array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the microlens array is the size of a primary imaging plane and is also the object plane of a secondary imaging objective lens, and in order to achieve high resolution, the size of a microlens unit is determined by the size of a detector corresponding to a pixel.
5. The mid-infrared imaging optical system based on the micro-lens array for field switching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first micro-lens array is used for spatially and linearly distributing light beams in n different aperture angles to n different apertures on the front surface of the second micro-lens array, an antireflection film is plated in the middle aperture of each unit of the second micro-lens array, and a metal reflection film is plated in other areas, or a mask plate is added in front of the second micro-lens array, so that the light beams in n different apertures are selected through the micro-displacement in the X direction and the Y direction, and then are focused behind the micro-lens array, thereby completing the selective switching of n fields; the structure of each unit of the micro-lens array takes a Keplerian telescope structure as a prototype; according to the micro-lens array, light beams can only be transmitted in each unit channel, crosstalk between units cannot be caused, and stray light generation and light energy loss are avoided.
6. The mid-infrared imaging optical system with field-of-view switching based on a microlens array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field-of-view selected by the microlens array switching is one-dimensional n-segment field-of-view or two-dimensional n x n-segment field-of-view.
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| CN111856853B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-02 | 广东烨嘉光电科技股份有限公司 | Micro-lens array projection system of composite micro-prism |
| CN112212858A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Daytime star-sensitive imaging system based on field-of-view gating technology |
| CN113873134B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-14 | 华中科技大学 | Mid-far infrared chromatographic depth-of-field extended imaging system |
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