CN110307725A - Useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace and method for innocent treatment - Google Patents
Useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace and method for innocent treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010259 detection of temperature stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
- F27D15/02—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of superhigh temperature purifying furnace and method for innocent treatment, the burner hearth of the furnace body from top to bottom includes preheating section, bringing-up section and cooling section, at least one high-temperature flue gas discharge tube is equipped in the preheating section, one end of the high-temperature flue gas discharge tube is connected with the burner hearth preheating section, its other end is communicated with high temperature induction apparatus, and horizontally disposed graphite electrode wall/row is equipped on the furnace body for corresponding to the bringing-up section；A kind of above-mentioned temperature for providing novel super-high temperature purifying furnace reaches as high as 3000 °C, and give up cathode feed purity >=97.0%, and heating temperature is uniform, structure is simple, using safe, to overcome the shortcomings of prior art problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to useless cathode high temperature purification technical fields, and in particular to a kind of useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace and harmless
Change processing method.
Background technique
During Aluminum Electrolysis Production, cathode inner lining and other furnace building materials for a long time by sodium, electrolyte and aluminium erosion and
The stress for absorbing a large amount of fluorine-containing salts, while generating in erosion process can make electrolytic cell deformation and inner lining damage, thus, electricity
Solution slot carries out large repairs running to certain service life (3~8) Nian Bixu, and electrolytic cell can then generate a large amount of useless yin during overhaul
Pole carbon block.According to statistics, one ton of aluminium of every smelting, about 20~30kg of generation give up cathode, and 2018, China's primary aluminum yield was up to 36,000,000
Ton, accounts for about the 55% of global total output, generates waste and old carbon cathode up to 800,000 tons.
Waste cathode carbon block main component is carbon and fluoride etc., and wherein the carbon accounting of high graphitization is 55%~75%, fluorination
Object accounting 25%~45% is high added value substance.Found by leachate assay to useless cathode: in leachate fluorine from
Sub- concentration range is 220~3800mg/L, cyanide ion concentration is up to 3~20mg/L, much larger than national outlet standard, through too long
Phase wind, after drenching with rain, these noxious materials are shifted at branch, such as are mixed into atmosphere after volatilization, or with rainwater be mixed into rivers,
It permeates the ground, contaminated soil and underground water；For human body, these harmful components have strong carcinogenesis, specific
It has been included in National Hazard solid waste register.
For a long time, many researchs have been done to the processing method of waste cathode carbon block both at home and abroad, which includes froth flotations
Method, sulfuric acid decomposition method and soda acid lixiviation process etc..Currently, China or even countries in the world still use construction antiseepage stockyard mostly, it will
Useless cathode carries out stacking or landfill disposal, although this processing mode temporarily realizes the processing of useless cathode hazardous solid waste,
But certain ecological hazard hidden danger is still had to the ecological environment around antiseepage stockyard.It is main to the processing of useless cathode at this stage
In the harmless treatment to the substance, it is relatively high to be limited by processing cost at foothold, answers without large range of popularization
With.
Currently, generally use combustion method to useless cathode harmless treatment at this stage, but processing of burning is to setting used in it
It is standby more demanding.For example, that there are purifying rates is low, cost recovery is high, environmental pollution is serious, operation peace for the purifying furnace used at this stage
The knotty problems such as full property is low.
Therefore it provides the useless cathode treatment equipment that a kind of purifying rate is high, highly-safe, low pollution and resource utilization rate are high
It is a urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace, resource utilization when to solve existing useless cathode treatment
The low, technical problems such as purifying rate is low, safety is low and environmental pollution is serious.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace, including furnace body are designed, the burner hearth of the furnace body from top to bottom includes preheating section, heating
Section and cooling section, the preheating section be equipped at least one high-temperature flue gas discharge tube, the one of the high-temperature flue gas discharge tube
End is connected with the burner hearth preheating section, and the other end is communicated with the high temperature induction apparatus, is corresponding to the bringing-up section
Furnace body is equipped with horizontally disposed graphite electrode wall/row.
Optimization, the furnace body is in cuboid or cube-shaped comprising the bell on top, bottom furnace bottom, the furnace
Corresponding insulating layer is equipped at the inner wall and inboard wall of furnace body of lid.
Optimization, the intracorporal insulating layer of furnace corresponding to the bringing-up section includes outside fire brick layer, the heat preservation of middle part carbon
Material layer and inside lining material include outside insulating brick-layer, middle part carbon corresponding to the intracorporal insulating layer of preheating section furnace
Plain adiabator layer and inside lining material, corresponding to the intracorporal insulating layer of cooling section furnace include outside insulating brick-layer,
Middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside lining material.
Optimization, the carbon thermal insulation material is that roasting forms density as 0.50~1.80g/cm3, volume resistivity 50
The carbon composite of~820 μ Ω m.
Optimization, the graphite electrode wall/row is embedded in corresponding to bringing-up section between furnace body outer wall and burner hearth, in the furnace
Correspond on the outer wall of body and be equipped with clamper and cooling device at the graphite electrode wall/row, is connected with confession on the clamper
Goddess of lightning's line and power-supply rectifying device.
Optimization, the bell is equipped with feed opening, smoke exhaust pipe, carbon supply port, wherein the feed opening, smoke exhaust pipe are equal
It is connected with burner hearth, is equipped with pressure monitoring device at high-temperature flue gas delivery pipe road junction and discharging channel mouth.
Optimization, water-cooling jacket, the lower end of the cooling section are equipped at the lower section furnace body position for corresponding to the cooling section
Equipped at least one discharging channel, the discharging channel periphery is equipped with corresponding water-cooled jacket.
Optimization, the preheating section, bringing-up section and cooling section are respectively arranged with device for monitoring temperature, the burner hearth preheating section
The scope control of operating temperature is 20~1800 DEG C, and the control of bringing-up section operating temperature is 1800~3000 DEG C.
The cooling section, which is communicated with, to be matched with the high temperature induction apparatus so that air pressure reaches with ambient pressure in burner hearth
The negative pressure source of equilibrium state.
A kind of useless cathode method for innocent treatment, includes the following steps:
(1) feeding: the useless cathode material of partial size≤70mm is taken to fill up the burner hearth of above-mentioned purifying furnace；
(2) energization baker: the high temperature induction apparatus of purifying furnace is successively opened, according to the baker heating curve and roast technic of setting
Carry out energization baker；
(3) superhigh temperature purifies: after the completion of baker, that is, being transferred to normal production, bringing-up section temperature is maintained at 2000~3000 DEG C super
The condition of high temperature makes the ash content in useless cathode with the form fractionation of gas phase；
(4) cooling discharge: the material after high temperature purification passes through discharge after the cooling of cooling section and water-cooling jacket and water-cooled jacket
Mouth discharge, obtains corresponding graphitized carbon product；
(5) fluoride recycles: the vapor-phase fluoride generated in burner hearth is filled by high-temperature flue gas discharge tube by the high temperature injection
Cooperation extraction burner hearth is set, vapor-phase fluoride condensation is carried out, obtains byproduct electrolyte.
The present invention gives up cathode superhigh temperature positive pressure purifying furnace with positive pressure (or furnace internal and external pressure balance) work, horizontal electricity in furnace
The features such as stream heating, superhigh temperature purifying, specific warm area impurities removal.The positive pressure work refers to that entire burner hearth is in when purifying furnace work
Slight positive pressure state, entering burner hearth to avoid air leads to useless cathode material and liner oxidization burning loss；The horizontal current heats
When referring to useless cathode material heating, positive and negative electrode graphite wall passes through graphite guide electrode respectively and connect with system power supply circuit, work
Under state: direct current flows through the useless cathode material of bringing-up section, by cathode graphite wall and cathode stone by positive graphite wall
The outflow of black conductive electrode, electric current give up the length direction horizontal movement of cathode material along bringing-up section, and heating rate is big by control electric current
It is small to be adjusted；The give up temperature of cathode material of bringing-up section is is heated to 2000 DEG C~3000 DEG C of superhigh temperature shape by superhigh temperature purifying
The ash content (such as fluoride) in useless cathode is discharged in the form of gas phase in state, to realize recycling, purifying purpose；Specific temperature
Degree impurities removal is the characteristic according to the cathode material that gives up, and high-temperature flue gas is arranged in 1200 DEG C~1800 DEG C of preheating section of specific temperature sections
The vapor-phase fluoride of high added value main in ash content is extracted out and is effectively recycled by discharge-channel.
Compared with prior art, main advantageous effects of the invention are:
1. the present invention is using segmentation burner hearth, horizontal cross arranges graphite electrode wall/row, compared with common purifying furnace, has temperature
Be evenly distributed, low energy consumption, purification efficiency is high, purifying purity is high, while useless cathode material can be made to be heated evenly, can effectively avoid
Because giving up, cathode material knot arch bring sprays furnace accident, increases production security and stability.
2. the present invention is further matched using negative pressure source with corresponding high temperature induction apparatus, pressure in the burner hearth is made to reach flat
Weighing apparatus state, enters in burner hearth to avoid outside air, prevents useless cathode material and furnace lining oxidization burning loss, and then promote graphite
Change the purity of carbon product and extends the service life of purifying inner lining of furnace.
3. the present invention further on the outside of electrode and cooling device is arranged in the lower section of purifying furnace, strengthens cooling effect and energy
It effectively prevent caused explosion accident in electrode water jacket leak to furnace to occur, greatly improves safety, reliability.
4. the present invention substantially increases condensation efficiency using segmentation condensation, cooling system is located at cooling pars infrasegmentalis, safely may be used
It leans on.
5. the preferably high-quality carbon composite processing of inner lining material in the present invention roasts, operating temperature can be born
Up to 3000 DEG C, useless cathode temperature of charge is heated to 2500 DEG C~3000 DEG C of superelevation temperature state in bringing-up section, makes useless cathode
In ash content be discharged in the form of gas phase, realize the highly purified purpose of useless cathode material, product quality is relatively stably and controllable.
6. high-temperature flue gas discharge tube and high temperature induction apparatus are arranged in the present invention, it can be achieved that specific warm area impurities removal, that is, exist
High-temperature flue gas discharge tube is arranged in 1500 DEG C~1800 DEG C of specific temperature section, convenient for recycling a large amount of vapor-phase fluoride, keeps away
Exempt from vapor-phase fluoride and rise to furnace roof, and in uphill process temperature reduction be bonded on the liner and bell of upper furnace, make
It is effectively reduced at combustion space and the generation of blocking phenomenon, while preheating section is by the high-temperature flue gas discharge tube of setting, also just
In the vapor-phase fluoride of centralized recovery is switched to accomplish the recycling of waste, subtract for solid high added value electrolyte powder
Few pollution of the aluminium electroloysis industry to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is useless cathode high temperature purification furnace schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is useless cathode high temperature purification furnace interior structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is useless cathode high temperature purification stove heating area the schematic diagram of the section structure.
Fig. 4 is the discharge outlet structural schematic diagram of useless cathode high temperature purification furnace high-temperature flue gas discharge tube.
Fig. 5 is useless cathode high temperature purification furnace temperature and pressure control principle drawing.
Fig. 6 is the heating curve of useless cathode high temperature purification furnace.
In the above figure, 1. purifying furnaces, 11. furnace bodies, 12. insulating layers, 13. preheating sections, 14. bringing-up sections, 15. cooling sections, 2.
Bell, 21. carbon supply ports, 3. feeding chambers, 31. feed openings, 4. smoke exhaust pipes, 5. graphite electrodes, 51. clampers, 52. for the goddess of lightning
Line, 53. DC supply commutation devices, 6. high-temperature flue gas discharge tubes, 7. water-cooling jackets, 8. water-cooled jackets, 9. discharging channels.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but following embodiment is used only in detail
It describes the bright present invention in detail, does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
With reference to the accompanying drawing, it elaborates to the technical solution in the specific embodiment of the invention, described embodiment
It is a part of the embodiment in the present invention, is not all of embodiment.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, other embodiments obtained, all
It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Related component in embodiment is conventional components unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment 1: a kind of useless cathode superhigh temperature positive pressure purifying furnace, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the superhigh temperature purifying furnace 1 packet
Include the furnace body 11 in a rectangular parallelepiped shape being made using steel comprising the bell 2 on top, bottom furnace bottom, bell 2 to
Block the contact area that 1 superstructure of purifying furnace reduces purifying furnace 1 and air；Guarantor is posted in 11 inner wall surface of bell 2 and furnace body
Warm layer 12, insulating layer 12 include inner lining material, and inner lining material is roasted by carbon composite processing, and inner lining material is constituted
Inner cavity form the burner hearth of cuboid or square, burner hearth from top to bottom includes preheating section 13, bringing-up section 14 and cooling section 15,
And device for monitoring temperature is respectively set in preheating section 13, bringing-up section 14, cooling section 15, for realizing the accurate detection of temperature,
When work, the range of 13 temperature of burner hearth preheating section is 1500~1800 DEG C, and 14 temperature of bringing-up section is 2500~3000 DEG C；Correspond to
The insulating layer 12 of bringing-up section 14 is made of outside fire brick layer, middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside lining material, right
It should include outside insulating brick-layer, middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside inner lining material in the intracorporal insulating layer of 13 furnace of preheating section
Layer, cooling section 15 divide for two sections, and the insulating layer corresponding to 15 upper section of cooling section is by insulating brick-layer, middle part carbon on the outside of carbon
Adiabator layer and inside lining material are constituted, wherein carbon thermal insulation material be fired made of, density be 0.5~
1.8g/cm3, volume resistivity be 50~820 μ Ω m carbon thermal insulation material.
Furnace wall corresponding to preheating section 13 is equipped with 4 high-temperature flue gas discharge tubes, the port of high-temperature flue gas discharge tube
Be connected with for by furnace high-temperature flue gas extract out high temperature induction apparatus, for by furnace high-temperature steam extraction send to back segment process into
Row processing.
The furnace body position corresponding to bringing-up section 14 (two short sides of left and right) is in the horizontal direction embedded with for cooperating burner hearth
The graphite electrode of heating arranges (lateral arrangement) 5, and when horizontal current heats useless cathode material, electric current is along perpendicular to the yin that gives up in bringing-up section
The direction of pole flow direction of material is flowed, and heating rate can be adjusted by controlling size of current, and direct current is by positive graphite guide
Electrode and positive graphite wall flow through the useless cathode material of bringing-up section, and graphite electrode row 5 is arranged symmetrically, graphite electrode wall/row 5
The water cooling plant for protecting furnace body corresponding with graphite electrode wall/row is fixed on the outer wall of corresponding furnace body 11, using water
The graphite electrode row 5 of flat lateral arrangement, can be such that useless cathode material is heated evenly, and be not easy knot arch, it is possible to reduce or avoid because of water cooling
The generation of safety accident caused by device leak, position corresponding with graphite electrode wall/row 5 also secures on the outer wall of furnace body 11
For connecting the clamper 51 of power supply buses 52 and DC supply commutation device 53.
The periphery of the lower section burner hearth of cooling section 15 is provided with the water cooling folder for the cathode material that gives up after purification cooling for the first time
Set 7, water-cooling jacket 7 has 8 filler and 8 discharge outlet, and the hot water in water-cooling jacket 7 can be discharged in time, not will form pressure
Power, realize to cooling section give up cathode material slave high temperature fast cooling to medium temperature, the lower end of cooling section 15 is connected to corresponding negative pressure
Source, negative pressure source select blower, and matching with high temperature induction apparatus makes air pressure and ambient pressure in burner hearth reach equilibrium state, with
Outside air is avoided to enter in burner hearth, the lower end of cooling section 15 is connected to 4 discharging channels 8, and each 8 periphery of discharging channel is cased with
Second of cooling water-cooled jacket 8 for purifying useless cathode material, water-cooled jacket 8 can be quickly that useless cathode material is near low by medium temperature
Temperature substantially increases cooling efficiency, each discharging channel by water-cooling jacket 7 and the useless cathode material of 8 segmented of water-cooled jacket cooling
8 lower ends are connected to conveying device.
Bell 2 is equipped with 31,5 smoke exhaust pipe 4 and 4 carbon supply ports 21 of feed opening, and the upper end of feed opening 31, which is equipped with, to be used
In the feeding chamber 3 of cooperation charging, the exhaust gas that smoke exhaust pipe 4 is generated for the cathode material that gives up after preheating to be discharged, feed opening 31, high temperature cigarette
Gas discharge tube 6 and smoke exhaust pipe 4 are connected with burner hearth, and carbon supply port 21 is located on bell corresponding with insulating layer, use
The carbon thermal insulation material being lost in supplement insulating layer.
High-temperature flue gas delivery pipe road junction 6 and discharging channel 9 are equipped with pressure monitoring device.
Referring to fig. 4, one end of high-temperature flue gas discharge tube 6 is connected with burner hearth, and 6 other end of high-temperature flue gas discharge tube is in
Taper, is used to connect the high temperature induction apparatus for extracting furnace high-temperature flue gas out, high temperature induction apparatus can high efficiente callback flue gas,
Furnace pressure environment is maintained, anti-oxidation materials is coated with inside high-temperature flue gas discharge tube 6, fluoride in pipeline can be effectively prevent
It is oxidized.
Pressure induction control device, the principle of device for monitoring temperature is referring to Fig. 5.
The operate with method of above-mentioned useless cathode superhigh temperature positive pressure purifying furnace is as follows: taking the useless cathode material of partial size≤70mm
Burner hearth is filled it up with, blower, pressure monitoring device, device for monitoring temperature, high temperature induction apparatus, cooling water circulation, flue gas are successively opened
Discharge tube pressure is -50pa~150pa, when 8 pressure of discharging channel is -300pa~100pa, is opening useless cathode superhigh temperature just
It presses purifying furnace to connect DC supply commutation device 53, is carried out according to the baker heating curve (referring to Fig. 6) and roast technic of setting
Energization baker, to 13 operating temperature of burner hearth preheating section range be 1500~1800 DEG C, 14 operating temperature of bringing-up section be 2500~
3000 DEG C, flue gas exhausting pipe line pressure is -50pa~150pa, when 8 pressure of discharging channel is -300pa~100pa, opens discharge
The conveying device in channel is discharged the useless cathode material in burner hearth, and melts down again, until useless cathode material detection after purification
Until qualification, the useless cathode material of discharging channel discharge is no longer melted down, and high temperature purification furnace switchs to normally produce；Useless cathode object
While material is discharged, useless cathode material is constantly added in feed opening 31, guarantees that useless cathode material is full of in burner hearth.
At the same time, the fluoride vapor generated through burner hearth preheating section 13, bringing-up section 14 and cooling section 15 is drawn by high temperature
Burner hearth is discharged through high-temperature flue gas discharge tube in injection device, obtains having after condensing the steam being discharged by processing system valuable
The electrolyte product of high-quality；The exhaust gas of generation is further discharged through the smoke outlet on bell.It is passed through after useless cathode material is purified
After 8 liang of water-cooling jacket 7, water-cooled jacket steps are cooling, then by discharging channel, and spiral conveyer is cooperated to be discharged.
Purity through the purified obtained useless cathode material of purifying furnace described in this example and processing method up to 97.0~
99.9%, requirement of the client to purity in actual production adjusts the heating curve of purifying furnace, is able to produce the object of different purity
Material；Low energy consumption for purifying furnace of the present invention (production practices show produce purity be 97.0% material when, 4500 degree of conventional purification furnace
Electricity/ton gives up cathode material, and 1200 degree of electricity/tons of purifying furnace of the present invention give up cathode material).
The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with drawings and examples, still, those of skill in the art
Member is it is understood that without departing from the purpose of the present invention, can also carry out each design parameter in above-described embodiment
Change, forms multiple specific embodiments, is common variation range of the invention, is no longer described in detail one by one herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of useless cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace, including furnace body, it is characterised in that: the burner hearth of the furnace body from top to bottom includes pre-
Hot arc, bringing-up section and cooling section are equipped at least one high-temperature flue gas discharge tube, the high-temperature flue gas discharge in the preheating section
One end of pipeline is connected with the burner hearth preheating section, and the other end is communicated with high temperature induction apparatus, is corresponding to the heating
The furnace body of section is equipped with horizontally disposed graphite electrode wall/row.
2. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the furnace body is in cuboid or square
Shape comprising the bell on top, bottom furnace bottom, be equipped with corresponding insulating layer at the inner wall and inboard wall of furnace body of the bell.
3. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in the furnace body corresponding to the bringing-up section
Insulating layer include outside fire brick layer, middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside lining material, correspond to the preheating section
The intracorporal insulating layer of furnace includes outside insulating brick-layer, middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside lining material, is corresponded to described
The intracorporal insulating layer of cooling section furnace includes outside insulating brick-layer, middle part carbon adiabator layer and inside lining material.
4. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the carbon thermal insulation material is to be fired
And manufactured density is 0.50~1.80g/cm3, volume resistivity is the carbon composite of 600~820 μ Ω m.
5. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the graphite electrode wall/row is entrenched in
On furnace body corresponding to bringing-up section, on the outer wall of the furnace body correspond to the graphite electrode wall/row place be equipped with clamper with
Cooling device is connected with power supply buses and power-supply rectifying device on the clamper.
6. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the bell is equipped with feed opening, row
Smoke pipe, carbon supply port, wherein the feed opening, smoke exhaust pipe are connected with burner hearth, at high-temperature flue gas delivery pipe road junction
Pressure monitoring device is equipped with discharging channel mouth.
7. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the lower section for corresponding to the cooling section
Furnace body position is equipped with water-cooling jacket, and the lower end of the cooling section is equipped at least one discharging channel, and the discharging channel periphery is set
There is corresponding water-cooled jacket.
8. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preheating section, bringing-up section and cooling
Section is respectively arranged with device for monitoring temperature, and the scope control of the burner hearth preheating section operating temperature is 20~1800 DEG C, bringing-up section
Operating temperature control is 1800~3000 DEG C.
9. give up cathode superhigh temperature purifying furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cooling section is communicated with and the height
Warm induction apparatus matches so that air pressure and ambient pressure reach the negative pressure source of equilibrium state in burner hearth.
10. a kind of useless cathode method for innocent treatment, characterized by the following steps:
(1) feeding: the useless cathode material of partial size≤70mm is taken to fill up the burner hearth of purifying furnace described in claim 1；
(2) energization baker: the high temperature induction apparatus of purifying furnace is successively opened, according to the baker heating curve and roast technic of setting
Carry out energization baker；
(3) superhigh temperature purifies: after the completion of baker, that is, being transferred to normal production, bringing-up section temperature is maintained at 2000~3000 DEG C super
The condition of high temperature makes the ash content in useless cathode with the form fractionation of gas phase；
(4) cooling discharge: the material after high temperature purification passes through discharge after the cooling of cooling section and water-cooling jacket and water-cooled jacket
Mouth discharge, obtains corresponding graphitized carbon product；
(5) fluoride recycles: the vapor-phase fluoride generated in burner hearth is filled by high-temperature flue gas discharge tube by the high temperature injection
Cooperation extraction burner hearth is set, vapor-phase fluoride condensation is carried out, obtains byproduct electrolyte.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113267055A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-17 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ultra-high temperature furnace |
| CN113483339A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-08 | 北京五州惠民环保科技有限公司 | Continuous electric heating furnace and method for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste |
| CN114447464A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-06 | 山东天力能源股份有限公司 | High-temperature pyrolysis treatment system and method for waste lithium batteries |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113267055A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-17 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ultra-high temperature furnace |
| CN113483339A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-08 | 北京五州惠民环保科技有限公司 | Continuous electric heating furnace and method for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste |
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| CN114447464A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-06 | 山东天力能源股份有限公司 | High-temperature pyrolysis treatment system and method for waste lithium batteries |
| CN114447464B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-04-16 | 山东天力能源股份有限公司 | Waste lithium battery high-temperature pyrolysis treatment system and method |
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