CN110306555A - Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method - Google Patents
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110306555A CN110306555A CN201910623015.6A CN201910623015A CN110306555A CN 110306555 A CN110306555 A CN 110306555A CN 201910623015 A CN201910623015 A CN 201910623015A CN 110306555 A CN110306555 A CN 110306555A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
- E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
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Abstract
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method, and especially a kind of concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane for carrying out repeating supplementary grouting when the contact surface of concrete dam and foundation plane opens repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method.Grouting structure setting of the invention is divided into several irrigated areas in concrete dam steep slope section, with vertical water flow direction；Arrange that two sets of grouting pipelines, every set grouting pipeline include a grout pipe in each irrigated area, grout pipe is in the U-tube being laterally arranged, and bottom nozzle is stock inlet, and upper orifice is overfall mouth；Grout pipe is inside and outside double-layer structure, and inside is pvc pipe, and slurry outlet is staggeredly equipped on pvc pipe, is elastic gum sleeve outside grout pipe, is staggeredly equipped with diffusion hole on gum sleeve.The present invention can carry out initial contact grouting construction when actual conditions reach design requirement at the scene and carry out supplementary grouting using same circuits when the contact surface of concrete dam and foundation plane opens again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction fields, especially a kind of not influence dam water storage task and engineering operation
Target can carry out the concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane weight for repeating supplementary grouting when the contact surface of concrete dam and foundation plane opens
Multiple surface grouting structure and its grouting method.
Background technique
Concrete dam is current most wide one of the two kinds of dam types of use scope in the world.It builds and ran in concrete dam
Cheng Dangzhong needs engineering construction or administrative staff to cause enough attention, wherein antiseepage and the dam body stability against sliding there are many aspect
Even more two of them emphasis.As its name suggests, concrete dam is using concrete as main dam material, but due to concrete material
Shrinkage character, at Dam Base Surface especially when the foundation plane gradient is steeper, contact face of the concrete dam with foundation plane
It easily opens to form subtle gap because of the contraction of concrete, reduces the mechanics parameter of dam concrete and basement rock, part becomes collection
Middle leakage passage, and the dam body stability against sliding degree of safety is reduced, to influence engineering safety and benefit.Therefore, designer is setting
It need to usually consider to take surface grouting measure with blind during meter, reinforce the combination between dam concrete and foundation plane
Density between ability and contact surface improves the dam body stability against sliding, and prevents from leaking.
In fact, the contraction distortion of concrete is a slow and permanent process, when dam concrete temperature reaches base
It tends towards stability substantially when rock equilibrium temperature.But dam water storage task and engineering operation target have specific timing node to want
It asks, is generally impermissible for carrying out surface grouting again after concrete shrinkage deformation reaches and stablizes on building time, but by item
Mesh design side claims, and selects appropriate opportunity to be in the milk according to on-site actual situations and monitoring materials, receives in concrete
Compression deformation carries out surface grouting construction after reaching a certain level.However, the routine that current design personnel are considered in design
Surface grouting method, such as reserved grouting system grouting method, complement hole grouting method, tube drawing grouting method etc., usually there is only
Can be carried out once grouting, can not re grouting the shortcomings that.With the sustainable development of concrete shrinkage deformation, especially dam water storage
Concrete cooling is shunk afterwards, and contact surface and once opens there are still opening, need to take it after initial contact grouting
His remedial measure such as punches supplementary irrigation, not only expends huge financial resource and material resource, and there is also grouting to be limited in scope, and grouting area is small, matter
It is serious to measure biggish security risk, the consequence such as uncontrollable.
Summary of the invention
To be solved by this invention is exactly that existing concrete dam is easy to open because of concrete shrinkage at the foundation plane of abrupt slope,
And there is a possibility that opening repeatedly after surface grouting, currently employed Conventional contact Grouting Design method is typically only capable to full
Foot carry out a surface grouting the problem of, provide it is a kind of can the contact surface of concrete dam and foundation plane open when carry out repeat benefit
The concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane for charging slurry repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method.
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane of the invention repeats surface grouting structure, it is characterised in that the grouting structure setting exists
Concrete dam steep slope section, each steep slope section are divided into several irrigated areas with vertical water flow direction, and each irrigated area area is to be not more than
2000m2；Two sets of grouting pipelines are arranged in each irrigated area, two sets of grout pipe roads, lower settings, every set grouting pipeline includes one
A grout pipe, grout pipe are in the U-tube being laterally arranged, which is single circuit design, and bottom nozzle is stock inlet, upper tube
Mouth is overfall mouth；Grout pipe is inside and outside double-layer structure, and inside is pvc pipe, is staggeredly equipped with slurry outlet on pvc pipe, outside grout pipe
Portion is elastic gum sleeve, and gum sleeve hard-pressed bale is rolled in pvc pipe outer wall, is staggeredly equipped with diffusion hole on gum sleeve,
Diffusion hole site is staggered with pulp hole site.
When surface grouting is constructed, under grouting pressure effect, slurries are emerged slurry outlet under pressure, and strut rubber
Casing enters in the gap of contact surface into the gap between pvc pipe and gum sleeve, and then through diffusion hole；Grouting knot
Shu Hou immediately cleans grouting pipeline with low pressure water, and the cement slurry in pipe is sucked out using vacuum tube and will with water by cleaning
Grout pipe cleans up, and to prevent slurries residual between pvc pipe and gum sleeve from causing frozen plug, then rinses from inlet pipe direction
2min is with the unobstructed of pipeline that ensure to be in the milk；It is hydraulic with outer pulp in the elasticity of outer layer gum sleeve after not being in the milk or being in the milk
Under power effect, gum sleeve is shunk by pressure, is fastened on pvc pipe, and then cover slurry outlet, is avoided slurries from flowing backwards and is entered pvc pipe.
The irrigated area is additionally provided with group stop, exhaust pipe and air discharge duct, and group stop setting is in irrigated area inner wall, by only starching
Piece closes irrigated area surrounding, and air discharge duct is arranged in above the group stop at the top of irrigated area, and exhaust pipe passes vertically through air discharge duct setting.
Along the spacing about 3m of slope surface, each grouting pipeline between the grouting pipeline being arranged above and below in each irrigated area
It is fixed on bedrock surface with the dowel of φ 6.
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting method, it is characterised in that the grouting method is applied to above structure
In, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) it on designed concrete dam, selects foundation plane to excavate the gradient suddenly in the monolith of 1:0.7, is flowed to and divided with vertical water
For several irrigated areas, each irrigated area area is not more than 2000m2；
(2) the grouting pipeline in each irrigated area uses pre-buried formation, is installed after grout pipe is clean, while to surface of bedrock
It carries out smooth, cleans out；Than being laid with, strict demand must not on the overall slope of pipeline and attachment from overfall mouth to stock inlet by about 5%
There is counter-slope, meets free-draining effect；
(3) after dam concrete is in the milk, is completely covered, consolidating, pipeline water flowing inspection of being in the milk, water flowing pressure is design grouting pressure
80%；
(4) after the minimum a set of grout pipe water flowing inspection in irrigated area is unimpeded, stock inlet or overfall mouth is closed, water-flowing amount is recorded；Wait be vented
After slot return water, contact surface water flowing total amount V is calculated, Division area A is designed divided by irrigated area, calculates slit width W=V/A；By water flowing measuring and calculating
Slit width is compared and analyzed with the slit width measured by crack gauge, selects the corresponding grouting ratio of mud and material on this basis,
(5) surface grouting
1) when reaching surface grouting condition, using being in the milk from bottom to top；After when bottom, grouting reaches ending standard, carry out
Portion's grouting, when top, exhaust pipe plasma discharge pressure reaches specified value, entire 80% or more irrigated area grouting structure carries out grouting rear
It can terminate the irrigated area cementing operations；
2) it is 0.6Mpa that the maximum grouting pressure of surface grouting, i.e. overfall mouth maximum, which control pressure,；In slurries by weight, water ash
Than for 2:1,1:1 or 0.6:1, by it is dense to sorting be three than grade, selected according to the degree of coming to nothing or gap width；
3) when the pulp slurries of exhaust pipe reach most dense than grade, and exhaust pipe nozzle pressure reaches 0.2MPa, while injection rate is not
Greater than 0.4L/min, then persistently, grouting 20min post-grouting terminates；
4) after being in the milk, grouting pipeline is cleaned with low pressure water immediately, cleaning uses vacuum tube by the cement slurry in pipe
Be sucked out and simultaneously cleaned up grout pipe with water, to prevent between pvc pipe and gum sleeve slurries residual to cause frozen plug, then from into
2min is rinsed with the unobstructed of pipeline that ensure to be in the milk in slurry pipe direction, and last closed protective is to re grouting；
5) surface grouting construction is completed and through after the assay was approved, grout pipe is blocked closely knit using cement underflow.
After the grouting pipeline water flowing inspection or water flowing measuring and calculating, is successively used in wind clean stitched seam and managed by lowest part grout pipe
After internal water accumulation, it can prepare to start surface grouting construction.
During the surface grouting, interrupt grouting more than 30min or when midge amount decrease beyond 50%, with clear water with
Strong wind is in the milk again after rinsing grout pipe well.
In the step (4), when slit width is greater than 1.0mm, use the single ratio of mud for the ordinary portland cement of 0.6:1
Grouting；When slit width is less than 1.0mm and is greater than 0.5mm, the ordinary portland cement slurries that the perfusion ratio of mud is 2:1, to exhaust pipe
After pulp, the slurries ratio of mud is changed to 1:1；When slit width is less than 0.5mm, using the levigate portland cement slurries of the 0.6:1 ratio of mud.
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane of the invention repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method, can be practical at the scene
Situation can carry out initial contact grouting construction when reaching design requirement, not influence dam water storage task and engineering operation target,
Supplementary grouting can be carried out using same circuits when the contact surface of concrete dam and foundation plane opens again again, avoided to adopt
It takes other remedial measures and expends a large amount of manpower and material resources, improve dam foundation surface grouting quality, reduce the safety wind of engineering
Danger.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is invention grouting structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is grouting pipeline normal configuration schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is grouting pipeline working state structure schematic diagram.
Wherein, irrigated area 1, grout pipe 2, stock inlet 3, overfall mouth 4, pvc pipe 5, slurry outlet 6, gum sleeve 7, diffusion hole 8,
Group stop 9, exhaust pipe 10, air discharge duct 11.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure, and the grouting structure setting is in concrete
Dam steep slope section, each steep slope section are divided into several irrigated areas 1 with vertical water flow direction, and each 1 area of irrigated area is to be not more than 2000m2；Often
Two sets of 2 tunnels of grout pipe are arranged in a irrigated area 1, two sets of 2 roads of grout pipe, lower settings, every 2 tunnel of set grout pipe includes a grouting
Pipe 2, grout pipe 2 are in the U-tube being laterally arranged, which is single circuit design, and bottom nozzle is stock inlet 3, and upper orifice is
Overfall mouth 4；Grout pipe 2 is inside and outside double-layer structure, and inside is pvc pipe 5, is staggeredly equipped with slurry outlet 6, grout pipe 2 on pvc pipe 5
Outside is elastic gum sleeve 7, and 7 hard-pressed bale of gum sleeve is rolled in 5 outer wall of pvc pipe, is staggeredly equipped with expansion on gum sleeve 7
Hole 8 is dissipated, 8 position of diffusion hole is staggered with 6 position of slurry outlet.
When surface grouting is constructed, under grouting pressure effect, slurries are emerged slurry outlet 6 under pressure, and strut rubber
Gum cover pipe 7 into the gap between pvc pipe 5 and gum sleeve 7, and then passes through diffusion hole 8 and enters in the gap of contact surface；
After grouting, 2 tunnel of grout pipe is cleaned with low pressure water immediately, the cement slurry in pipe is sucked out simultaneously using vacuum tube for cleaning
Grout pipe 2 is cleaned up with water, to prevent between pvc pipe 5 and gum sleeve 7 slurries residual to cause frozen plug, then from into slurry
2min is rinsed to ensure the unobstructed of 2 tunnel of grout pipe in pipe direction；After not being in the milk or being in the milk, in the elasticity of outer layer gum sleeve 7
Under outer pulp action of hydraulic force, gum sleeve 7 is shunk by pressure, is fastened on pvc pipe 5, and then cover slurry outlet 6, is avoided starching
Liquid, which is flow backwards, enters pvc pipe 5.
Irrigated area 1 is additionally provided with group stop 9, exhaust pipe 10 and air discharge duct 11, and the setting of group stop 9 is in 1 inner wall of irrigated area, by only
Lodicule 9 closes 1 surrounding of irrigated area, and 9 top of group stop at 1 top of irrigated area is arranged in air discharge duct 11, and exhaust pipe 10 passes vertically through exhaust
Slot 11 is arranged.Along the spacing about 3m of slope surface between 2 tunnel of grout pipe being arranged above and below in each irrigated area 1, each 2 tunnel of grout pipe is used
The dowel of φ 6 is fixed on bedrock surface.
Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting method, is applied in above structure, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) it on designed concrete dam, selects foundation plane to excavate the gradient suddenly in the monolith of 1:0.7, is flowed to and divided with vertical water
For several irrigated areas 1, each 1 area of irrigated area is not more than 2000m2；
(2) 2 tunnel of grout pipe in each irrigated area 1 uses pre-buried formation, is installed after grout pipe 2 is clean, while to basement rock
Surface progress is smooth, cleans out；It is strictly wanted than being laid on the overall slope of pipeline and attachment from overfall mouth 4 to stock inlet 3 by about 5%
It asks there is not allowed that counter-slope, meets free-draining effect；
(3) after dam concrete is in the milk, is completely covered, consolidating, 2 tunnel water flowing inspection of grout pipe, water flowing pressure is design grouting pressure
The 80% of power；
(4) after minimum a set of 2 water flowing of the grout pipe inspection in irrigated area 1 is unimpeded, stock inlet 3 or overfall mouth 4 is closed, water-flowing amount is recorded；To
After 11 return water of air discharge duct, contact surface water flowing total amount V is calculated, Division area A is designed divided by irrigated area 1, calculates slit width w=V/A；It will lead to
Water measuring and calculating slit width compared and analyzed with the slit width measured by crack gauge, on this basis select accordingly be in the milk the ratio of mud and
Material,
(5) surface grouting
1) when reaching surface grouting condition, using being in the milk from bottom to top；After when bottom, grouting reaches ending standard, carry out
Portion's grouting, when exhaust pipe 10 plasma discharge pressure in top reaches specified value, entire 180% or more irrigated area grouting structure is in the milk
After can terminate 1 cementing operations of irrigated area；
2) the maximum control pressure of the maximum grouting pressure of surface grouting, i.e. overfall mouth 4 is 0.6Mpa；In slurries by weight, water
Gray scale is 2:1,1:1 or 0.6:1, by it is dense to sorting be three than grade, according to the degree of coming to nothing or gap width selection；
3) when the pulp slurries of exhaust pipe 10 reach most dense than grade, and 10 nozzle pressure of exhaust pipe reaches 0.2MPa, injects simultaneously
Rate is not more than 0.4L/min, then persistently grouting 20min post-grouting terminates；
4) after being in the milk, 2 tunnel of grout pipe is cleaned with low pressure water immediately, cleaning uses vacuum tube by the cement slurry in pipe
It is sucked out and is cleaned up grout pipe 2 with water, to prevent slurries residual between pvc pipe 5 and gum sleeve 7 from causing frozen plug, then
2min is rinsed to ensure the unobstructed of 2 tunnel of grout pipe from inlet pipe direction, and last closed protective is to re grouting；
5) surface grouting construction is completed and through after the assay was approved, grout pipe 2 is blocked closely knit using cement underflow.
After 2 tunnel water flowing inspection of grout pipe or water flowing measuring and calculating, by lowest part grout pipe 2 successively in wind clean stitched seam and pipe inner product
After water, it can prepare to start surface grouting construction.
During surface grouting, grouting is interrupted more than 30min or when midge amount decrease beyond 50%, is rushed with clear water and strong wind
It is in the milk again after wash clean grout pipe 2.
In step (4), when slit width is greater than 1.0mm, the single ratio of mud is used to be in the milk for the ordinary portland cement of 0.6:1；
When slit width is less than 1.0mm and is greater than 0.5mm, the ordinary portland cement slurries that the perfusion ratio of mud is 2:1, to 10 pulp of exhaust pipe
Afterwards, the slurries ratio of mud is changed to 1:1；When slit width is less than 0.5mm, using the levigate portland cement slurries of the 0.6:1 ratio of mud.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure, it is characterised in that the grouting structure setting is in concrete
Dam steep slope section, each steep slope section are divided into several irrigated areas (1) with vertical water flow direction, and each irrigated area (1) area is to be not more than
2000m2；Two sets of grout pipe (2) roads, two sets of grout pipe (2) roads, lower settings, every set grout pipe are arranged in each irrigated area (1)
(2) road includes a grout pipe (2), and grout pipe (2) is in the U-tube being laterally arranged, which is single circuit design, bottom
Nozzle is stock inlet (4), and upper orifice is overfall mouth；Grout pipe (2) is inside and outside double-layer structure, and inside is pvc pipe (5), PVC
It is staggeredly equipped with slurry outlet (6) on pipe (5), is outside grout pipe (2) elastic gum sleeve (7), gum sleeve (7) is tight
It is wrapped in pvc pipe (5) outer wall, is staggeredly equipped with diffusion hole (8) on gum sleeve (7), diffusion hole (8) position and slurry outlet (6)
Position is staggered.
2. concrete dam abrupt slope as described in claim 1 foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure, it is characterised in that the filling
Area (1) is additionally provided with group stop (9), exhaust pipe (10) and air discharge duct (11), and group stop (9) is arranged in irrigated area (1) inner wall, passes through
Group stop (9) closes irrigated area (1) surrounding, group stop (9) top that air discharge duct (11) is arranged at the top of irrigated area (1), exhaust pipe
(10) air discharge duct (11) setting is passed vertically through.
3. concrete dam abrupt slope as described in claim 1 foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure, it is characterised in that described is every
Along the spacing about 3m of slope surface between grout pipe (2) road being arranged above and below in a irrigated area (1), each grout pipe (2) road is with φ's 6
Dowel is fixed on bedrock surface.
4. a kind of repeat the method that surface grouting structure carries out repeating surface grouting, feature using concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane
It is that specific step is as follows for the grouting method:
(1) it on designed concrete dam, selects foundation plane to excavate the gradient suddenly in the monolith of 1:0.7, is flowed to and divided with vertical water
For several irrigated areas (1), each irrigated area (1) area is not more than 2000m2；
(2) grout pipe (2) road of each irrigated area (1) uses pre-buried formation, is installed after grout pipe (2) is clean, simultaneously
It is smooth to surface of bedrock progress, it cleans out；The overall slope of pipeline and attachment from overfall mouth to stock inlet (4) by about 5% is than paving
If being strict with there is not allowed that counter-slope, meets free-draining effect；
(3) after dam concrete is in the milk, is completely covered, consolidating, grout pipe (2) road water flowing inspection, water flowing pressure is design grouting
The 80% of pressure；
(4) after irrigated area (1) minimum a set of grout pipe (2) water flowing inspection is unimpeded, stock inlet (4) or overfall mouth is closed, water flowing is recorded
Amount；After air discharge duct (11) return water, calculate contact surface water flowing total amount V, divided by irrigated area (1) design Division area A, calculate slit width w=
V/A；The slit width that water flowing is calculated is compared and analyzed with the slit width measured by crack gauge, selects corresponding grouting on this basis
The ratio of mud and material,
(5) surface grouting
1) when reaching surface grouting condition, using being in the milk from bottom to top；After when bottom, grouting reaches ending standard, carry out
Portion's grouting, when top exhaust pipe (10) plasma discharge pressure reaches specified value, entire (1) 80% or more irrigated area grouting structure is carried out
It can terminate irrigated area (1) cementing operations after grouting；
2) it is 0.6Mpa that the maximum grouting pressure of surface grouting, i.e. overfall mouth maximum, which control pressure,；In slurries by weight, water ash
Than for 2:1,1:1 or 0.6:1, by it is dense to sorting be three than grade, selected according to the degree of coming to nothing or gap width；
3) when the pulp slurries of exhaust pipe (10) reach most dense than grade, and exhaust pipe (10) nozzle pressure reaches 0.2MPa, simultaneously
Injection rate is not more than 0.4L/min, then persistently grouting 20min post-grouting terminates；
4) after being in the milk, grout pipe (2) road is cleaned with low pressure water immediately, cleaning uses vacuum tube by the cement in pipe
Slurry is sucked out and is cleaned up grout pipe (2) with water, to prevent slurries residual between pvc pipe (5) and gum sleeve (7) from causing to solidify
Blocking, then 2min is rinsed from inlet pipe direction to ensure the unobstructed of grout pipe (2) road, last closed protective is to re grouting；
5) surface grouting construction is completed and through after the assay was approved, grout pipe (2) is blocked closely knit using cement underflow.
5. repeating surface grouting structure using concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane as claimed in claim 4 to carry out repeating surface grouting
Method, it is characterised in that described grout pipe (2) the road water flowing inspection or water flowing measuring and calculating after, successively by lowest part grout pipe (2)
It is constructed with beginning surface grouting in wind clean stitched seam and after pipe internal water accumulation, can be prepared.
6. repeating surface grouting structure using concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane as claimed in claim 4 to carry out repeating surface grouting
Method, it is characterised in that during the surface grouting, interrupt grouting more than 30min or when midge amount decrease beyond 50%,
It is in the milk again after rinsing grout pipe (2) well with clear water and strong wind.
7. repeating surface grouting structure using concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane as claimed in claim 4 to carry out repeating surface grouting
Method, it is characterised in that in the step (4), slit width be greater than 1.0mm when, use the single ratio of mud for the common of 0.6:1
Portland cement grouting；When slit width is less than 1.0mm and is greater than 0.5mm, the ordinary portland cement that the perfusion ratio of mud is 2:1 is starched
Liquid, after exhaust pipe (10) pulp, the slurries ratio of mud is changed to 1:1；When slit width is less than 0.5mm, using the levigate of the 0.6:1 ratio of mud
Portland cement slurries.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910623015.6A CN110306555A (en) | 2019-07-11 | 2019-07-11 | Concrete dam abrupt slope foundation plane repeats surface grouting structure and its grouting method |
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| CN114439034A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-06 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reserved grouting hole construction method for foundation treatment of embedded large-scale vibration equipment |
| CN116427413A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-07-14 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Grouting system and method for improving contact grouting effect |
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| CN116427413B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-01-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Grouting system and method for improving contact grouting effect |
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Application publication date: 20191008 |