CN110302909B - High-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun - Google Patents
High-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN110302909B CN110302909B CN201910470222.2A CN201910470222A CN110302909B CN 110302909 B CN110302909 B CN 110302909B CN 201910470222 A CN201910470222 A CN 201910470222A CN 110302909 B CN110302909 B CN 110302909B
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- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/50—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
- B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/06—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means using electric arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/081—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for treating particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/087—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes
Landscapes
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
A high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun comprising: the device comprises a rear electrode seat, a reinforced nylon sleeve, a rear electrode, a front electrode, a shell, a magnetic field coil, a spray pipe rear section and a spray pipe front section; the rear electrode seat, the rear electrode, the front electrode, the rear section of the spray pipe and the front section of the spray pipe are coaxially matched and arranged in sequence, the reinforced nylon sleeve and the shell are coaxially arranged with the rear electrode seat from inside to outside, the magnetic field coil is coaxially wound on the front part of the front electrode, the rear electrode is a hot cathode type electrode, the front electrode and the spray pipe are of split type structures, and a tangential sonic nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the front part of the rear electrode seat. The invention can prolong the service life of the electrode, reduce the use cost of the anode, ensure that the maximum power of the spray gun reaches 250kW, and improve the spraying efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of arc plasma coatings, and relates to a high-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun.
Background
The ion spraying technique is a method of forming a firmly adhering surface layer by heating a powder material such as ceramics, alloys, metals, etc. to a molten or semi-molten state using a rigid non-transferred plasma arc as a heat source and spraying the powder material at a high speed onto a surface of a pretreated workpiece. The technology is widely applied because of the advantages of good quality of the prepared coating, high bonding strength, various coating types, small influence on the matrix and the like.
Plasma spraying can be classified into subsonic plasma spraying and supersonic plasma spraying according to the spraying air flow velocity. Compared with subsonic plasma spraying, the ultrasonic plasma spraying technology has the advantages that the air flow speed is higher under the ultrasonic plasma spraying condition, the carrying spraying particles reach higher speed, the flattening effect is better after the carrying spraying particles reach the surface of a substrate, and the connection among the particles in the coating is tighter, so that the porosity of the coating is reduced, and the bonding strength of the coating is increased, and therefore, the ultrasonic plasma spraying technology becomes one of the key development directions of the thermal spraying technology.
The supersonic plasma spraying gun is core equipment of a supersonic plasma spraying system, and realizes high temperature and high speed of gas by means of electrothermal conversion. The plasma air flow is required to reach supersonic speed, so that the spray gun generates enough energy and arc chamber pressure, but as the arc chamber pressure increases, the heat flow density increases, and higher requirements are put on the aspects of structure, cooling, material, electric arc control and the like of each part of the spray gun. The cathode discharge area of the existing supersonic plasma spray gun is mostly in a sharp cone shape, the anode is a Laval nozzle, the problem that the cathode cone head burns out faster and the service life is shorter easily occurs in the supersonic plasma spray gun of the structure, meanwhile, the anode is used as a lossy structure, the profile of the nozzle changes along with the continuous burning out of the anode, the problems that supersonic air flow interference is easy to occur or shock waves are generated in the nozzle and the like easily occur, meanwhile, the complex nozzle profile needs to be molded in the processing process of the anode, and the manufacturing and using cost of the anode is increased. Based on the limitation of the conditions, the power of the spray gun is basically controlled below hundred kilowatts, and the spraying efficiency is also limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: the high-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun has the advantages that the rear electrode is the hot cathode, the service life of the electrode is prolonged, the use cost of the anode is reduced, the maximum power of the spraying gun reaches 250kW, and the spraying efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun comprising: the device comprises a rear electrode seat, a reinforced nylon sleeve, a rear electrode, a front electrode, a shell, a magnetic field coil, a spray pipe rear section and a spray pipe front section;
the device comprises a rear electrode seat, a reinforced nylon sleeve, a front electrode, a spray pipe rear section and a spray pipe front section, wherein the rear electrode seat, the reinforced nylon sleeve, the front electrode, the spray pipe rear section and the spray pipe front section are coaxially matched and arranged in sequence, a plurality of turns of magnetic field coils are wound on the outer wall of a cylinder structure, which is close to the spray pipe rear section, of the front electrode, a shell is sleeved outside the reinforced nylon sleeve and the front electrode, a rear electrode is arranged on the end face, facing one side of the front electrode, of the rear electrode seat, and the front electrode and the rear electrode are not contacted; the magnetic field coil is connected with an external power supply; the front electrode and the rear electrode are connected with an external spraying gun direct current power supply;
cooling water loops uniformly distributed circumferentially are arranged in the reinforced nylon sleeve, the front electrode, the shell, the rear section of the spray pipe and the front section of the spray pipe, inlets of the cooling water loops are radially arranged on a cylindrical section sleeved with the shell and the front electrode, and outlets of the cooling water loops are axially arranged on the rear electrode seat;
the reinforced nylon sleeve is internally provided with a working medium channel, the side wall of the rear electrode seat is tangentially provided with a through hole serving as a sound velocity nozzle, the front electrode is internally provided with a central through hole, the rear section of the spray pipe is internally provided with a stepped through hole along the axial direction, and the working medium channel, the sound velocity nozzle, the central through hole in the front electrode and the stepped through hole in the rear section of the spray pipe are sequentially communicated; the rear section of the spray pipe is also provided with a powder channel communicated with the stepped hole in the rear section of the spray pipe, the powder channel is of a through hole structure, and the axis of the powder channel is intersected with the axis of the rear section of the spray pipe;
the rear electrode seat is in clearance fit with the reinforced nylon sleeve and can rotate by taking the axis of the rear electrode seat as a rotating shaft, and the reinforced nylon sleeve is in clearance fit with the shell and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell as the rotating shaft; the front electrode is in clearance fit with the shell and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell as a rotating shaft;
the shell is fixedly connected with the rear section of the spray pipe through a flange structure; the rear section of the spray pipe and the front section of the spray pipe are welded into a whole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The rear electrode discharge area is a columnar end face instead of a tip, so that the ablation area of an arc root on the rear electrode is increased, and meanwhile, the gas entering through the tangential sound velocity nozzle passes through along the periphery of the columnar rear electrode in a rotating way, so that the arc root rotates on the end face of the rear electrode, the uniformity of a burning loss area is improved, and the service life of the rear electrode is prolonged;
2) The magnetic field coil coaxially wound at the front part of the front electrode magnetically restrains the electric arc, simultaneously accelerates the rotation of the arc root on the front electrode, and acts together with the cyclone stable arc, thereby increasing the burning area of the front electrode and prolonging the service life of the front electrode;
3) The front electrode and the spray pipe are of split type structures, so that the shape of an air flow channel of the front electrode which is used as a consumable structure is simpler, the processing difficulty and the use cost are reduced, and meanwhile, the axial length of the front electrode ensures that an arc root always falls on the front electrode and cannot fall on the spray pipe to burn a profile, so that the spray pipe only plays a role of accelerating air flow instead of a part of the consumable electrode as an independent structure, and the requirement on materials of the spray pipe is reduced;
4) The invention can realize powder feeding in the expansion section of the spray pipe, improves the time and the travel of spray powder in high-temperature plasma flame flow, can strengthen the melting of the powder, improves the speed of the powder, has positive effect on improving the performance of the prepared coating, and can effectively avoid the powder bonding and blockage in the throat area of the spray pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of section B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of section C-C of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a high-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun, which comprises the following components as shown in figure 1: the device comprises a rear electrode seat 1, a reinforced nylon sleeve 2, a rear electrode 3, a front electrode 4, a shell 5, a magnetic field coil 6, a spray pipe rear section 7 and a spray pipe front section 8. The rear electrode seat 1, the reinforced nylon sleeve 2, the front electrode 4, the spray pipe rear section 7 and the spray pipe front section 8 are coaxially matched and arranged in sequence from left to right, a plurality of turns of magnetic field coils 6 are wound on the outer wall of the cylindrical structure of the front electrode 4, which is close to the spray pipe rear section 7, so that the electric arc is magnetically restrained, the rotation of an arc root on the front electrode is accelerated, the burning area of the front electrode is increased, and the service life of the front electrode is prolonged. The winding turns of the specific magnetic field coil 6 are 5-15 turns; the furthest distance from the magnetic field coil 6 to the junction of the front electrode 4 and the rear section 7 of the nozzle is not more than 1/3 of the axial length of the front electrode 4. The shell 5 is sleeved outside the reinforced nylon sleeve 2 and the front electrode 4, a rear electrode 3 is arranged on the end face of the rear electrode seat 1 facing to one side of the front electrode 4, and the front electrode 4 is not contacted with the rear electrode 3; i.e. a gap remains between the front electrode 4 and the rear electrode 3, the gap distance having a value in the range of 2-5mm. The magnetic field coil 6 is connected with an external power supply; the front electrode 4 and the rear electrode 3 are connected with an external spraying gun direct current power supply; the range of the direct current power supply current of the spraying gun is 100-1000A.
Cooling water loops uniformly distributed circumferentially are arranged in the reinforced nylon sleeve 2, the front electrode 4, the shell 5, the spray pipe rear section 7 and the spray pipe front section 8, inlets of the cooling water loops are radially arranged on a cylindrical section sleeved with the shell 5 and the front electrode 4, and outlets of the cooling water loops are axially arranged on the rear electrode seat 1;
the inside working medium passageway that sets up of reinforcing nylon cover 2, back electrode holder 1 lateral wall tangential open has the through-hole as the sonic velocity nozzle for control gas flow, according to the gas characteristic, can realize calculation and the control of working gas air input through the air feed pressure of upper reaches, this structure is favorable to the stability of pressure in the arc chamber simultaneously, prevents the interior pressure wave of arc and moves to the upper reaches propagation. The front electrode 4 is internally provided with a central through hole, the rear section 7 of the spray pipe is internally provided with a stepped through hole along the axial direction, and the working medium channel, the sonic nozzle, the central through hole in the front electrode 4 and the stepped through hole in the rear section 7 of the spray pipe are sequentially communicated; the spray pipe rear section 7 is also provided with a powder channel communicated with the stepped hole in the spray pipe rear section 7, the powder channel is of a through hole structure, and the axis of the powder channel is intersected with the axis of the spray pipe rear section 7; the included angle between the axis of the powder channel and the axis of the rear section 7 of the spray pipe ranges from 80 degrees to 90 degrees, and the outlet direction of the powder channel is the same as the flow direction of the working medium.
The rear electrode holder 1 is in clearance fit with the reinforced nylon sleeve 2 and can rotate by taking the axis of the rear electrode holder 1 as a rotating shaft, and the reinforced nylon sleeve 2 is in clearance fit with the shell 5 and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell 5 as a rotating shaft; the front electrode 4 is in clearance fit with the shell 5 and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell 5 as a rotating shaft;
the shell 5 is fixedly connected with the spray pipe rear section 7 through a flange structure; the rear section 7 of the spray pipe is welded with the front section 8 of the spray pipe into a whole.
As shown in fig. 2, the rear electrode holder 1 has a cylindrical structure with an axial central through hole, one end of the rear electrode holder 1 facing the front electrode 4 is used as the front end of the rear electrode holder 1, and the other end of the rear electrode holder 1 is used as the rear end of the rear electrode holder 1; the front end of the rear electrode seat 1 is also provided with a counter bore, and the aperture of the counter bore is larger than that of the central through hole of the rear electrode seat 1. The rear electrode 3 is a stepped shaft, the stepped shaft comprises a small end cylinder and a large end cylinder, the small end cylinder is inserted into the central through hole of the rear electrode holder 1 from the front end of the rear electrode holder 1, the outer diameter of the small end cylinder is matched with the aperture of the central through hole of the rear electrode holder 1, the large end cylinder faces the front electrode 4, and the end face of the small end cylinder is provided with a conical structure; the outer diameter of the large-end cylinder is smaller than the aperture of the counter bore of the rear electrode 3; the rear electrode 3 material is a metal or alloy with the electron work function lower than 10 eV.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, sonic nozzles are located at the counter bore section of the rear electrode seat 1, n sonic nozzles are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, the range of the diameter of each sonic nozzle is 0.5-2 mm, and the range of the diameter of each sonic nozzle is 2-6.
As shown in fig. 2, an annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the rear electrode holder 1, which is in contact with the reinforced nylon sleeve 2, a plurality of through holes are formed on the rear electrode holder 1 along the radial direction, and the plurality of through holes of the rear electrode holder 1 along the radial direction enable the annular groove to be communicated with the central through hole of the rear electrode holder 1 to serve as a cooling water loop;
the cross section area A of the cylinder at the small end of the rear electrode 3 1 ＝(I/n 1 ) 2 Wherein I is the current of the direct current power supply of the spray gun, namely the current value between the rear electrode 3 and the front electrode 4, n 1 The value range of (2) is 60-90;the rear electrode 3 is a hot cathode type electrode.
As shown in fig. 2, the reinforced nylon sleeve 2 is provided with a plurality of through holes as cooling water loops along the radial direction, and the opening positions of the through holes correspond to the positions of the annular grooves on the outer wall of the rear electrode holder 1. The reinforced nylon sleeve 2 is also provided with a through hole serving as a working medium channel, one end of the working medium channel is used as an inlet of the working medium, and the other end of the working medium channel is communicated with the sonic nozzle of the rear electrode seat 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the casing 5 has a cylindrical structure with stepped through holes, pipelines serving as cooling water loops are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in the wall of the casing 5, one end of each pipeline serves as a water outlet to be connected with the cooling water loops in the reinforced nylon sleeve 2, and the other end of each pipeline serves as a water inlet to be connected with the cooling water loops in the rear section 7 of the spray pipe.
Cross-sectional area A of the central through hole of the front electrode 4 2 ＝I/n 2 Wherein I is the current of the direct current power supply of the spray gun, n 2 The value range of the through hole is 5-10, and the axial length of the central through hole of the front electrode 4 isn 3 The range of the value of (2) is 6-8.
The front electrode 4 is of a cylindrical structure, cooling water loops uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged in the cylindrical wall, one end of the cooling water loop of the front electrode 4 is used as a cooling water inlet, the cooling water inlet is connected with an external cooling water pipeline through a hole formed in the wall of the shell 5, and the other end of the cooling water loop of the front electrode 4 is communicated with the cooling water loop in the rear section 7 of the spray pipe.
The rear section 7 of the spray pipe is of a cylindrical structure with a stepped through hole, and the stepped through hole comprises a first taper hole, a round hole and a second taper hole which are sequentially connected; the axial length of the first taper hole is smaller than that of the second taper hole, and the taper of the first taper hole is larger than that of the second taper hole; the small diameter end of the first taper hole faces the small diameter end of the second taper hole, namely, the direction of the opening of the first taper hole is opposite to that of the opening of the second taper hole; as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the cooling water loop in the rear section 7 of the nozzle includes an inflow pipe section, one end of which communicates with the cooling water loop of the front electrode 4, and an outflow pipe section, one end of which communicates with the cooling water loop of the housing 5; the cooling water circuit in the nozzle front section 8 communicates the inflow pipe section with the outflow pipe section in the nozzle rear section 7.
The value range of the axial length of the circular hole section of the rear section 7 of the spray pipe is 1-3 mm; the large diameter end of the first taper hole is matched with the central through hole of the front electrode 4 in size, and the ratio of the sectional area of the large diameter end of the second taper hole to the sectional area of the small diameter end of the second taper hole is 1.05-4.2: 1, a step of; and a powder channel is formed in the wall of the second taper hole.
The invention can realize the maximum power of 250kW of the spray gun, and the working principle is as follows: an arc is generated between the rear electrode 3 and the front electrode 4, gas entering from a tangential sonic nozzle of the rear electrode seat 1 is dissociated and ionized through the arc to form high-temperature plasma gas flow, the gas flow reaches supersonic speed after passing through a conical contraction-short straight section-conical expansion profile of the front section 7 of the spray pipe, and coating material powder to be sprayed enters from the expansion section and is mixed with the high-temperature supersonic-speed plasma gas flow to be heated, melted and accelerated.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is common knowledge to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun, comprising: the device comprises a rear electrode seat (1), a reinforced nylon sleeve (2), a rear electrode (3), a front electrode (4), a shell (5), a magnetic field coil (6), a spray pipe rear section (7) and a spray pipe front section (8);
the device comprises a rear electrode seat (1), a reinforced nylon sleeve (2), a front electrode (4), a spray pipe rear section (7) and a spray pipe front section (8), wherein the front electrode (4) is coaxially matched and arranged in sequence, a plurality of turns of magnetic field coils (6) are wound on the outer wall of a cylinder structure, which is close to the spray pipe rear section (7), of the front electrode (4), a shell (5) is sleeved outside the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) and the front electrode (4), a rear electrode (3) is arranged on the end face, facing one side of the front electrode (4), of the rear electrode seat (1), and the front electrode (4) is not contacted with the rear electrode (3); the magnetic field coil (6) is connected with an external power supply; the front electrode (4) and the rear electrode (3) are connected with an external spray gun direct current power supply;
cooling water loops which are uniformly distributed circumferentially are arranged in the reinforced nylon sleeve (2), the front electrode (4), the shell (5), the spray pipe rear section (7) and the spray pipe front section (8), inlets of the cooling water loops are radially arranged on a cylindrical section sleeved with the shell (5) and the front electrode (4), and outlets of the cooling water loops are axially arranged on the rear electrode seat (1);
the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) is internally provided with a working medium channel, the side wall of the rear electrode seat (1) is tangentially provided with a through hole serving as an acoustic velocity nozzle, the front electrode (4) is internally provided with a central through hole, the inner part of the rear section (7) of the spray pipe is internally provided with a stepped through hole along the axial direction, and the working medium channel, the acoustic velocity nozzle, the central through hole in the front electrode (4) and the stepped through hole in the rear section (7) of the spray pipe are sequentially communicated; the spray pipe rear section (7) is also provided with a powder channel communicated with the stepped hole in the spray pipe rear section (7), the powder channel is of a through hole structure, and the axis of the powder channel is intersected with the axis of the spray pipe rear section (7);
the rear electrode holder (1) is in clearance fit with the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) and can rotate by taking the axis of the rear electrode holder (1) as a rotating shaft, and the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) is in clearance fit with the shell (5) and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell (5) as the rotating shaft; the front electrode (4) is in clearance fit with the shell (5) and can rotate by taking the axis of the shell (5) as a rotating shaft;
the shell (5) is fixedly connected with the rear section (7) of the spray pipe through a flange structure; the spray pipe rear section (7) and the spray pipe front section (8) are welded into a whole.
2. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the axis of the powder channel and the axis of the rear section (7) of the spray pipe ranges from 80 degrees to 90 degrees, and the outlet direction of the powder channel is the same as the flow direction of the working medium.
3. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 1, wherein:
the rear electrode seat (1) is of a cylindrical structure with an axial center through hole, one end of the rear electrode seat (1) facing the front electrode (4) is used as the front end of the rear electrode seat (1), and the other end of the rear electrode seat (1) is used as the rear end of the rear electrode seat (1); the front end of the rear electrode seat (1) is also provided with a counter bore, and the aperture of the counter bore is larger than that of the central through hole of the rear electrode seat (1);
the rear electrode (3) is a stepped shaft, the stepped shaft comprises a small end cylinder and a large end cylinder, the small end cylinder is inserted into the central through hole of the rear electrode seat (1) from the front end of the rear electrode seat (1), the outer diameter of the small end cylinder is matched with the aperture of the central through hole of the rear electrode seat (1), and the end face of the small end cylinder is provided with a conical structure; the outer diameter of the large-end cylinder is smaller than the aperture of the counter bore of the rear electrode (3);
the sound velocity nozzles are positioned at the counter bore section of the rear electrode seat (1), n sound velocity nozzles are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, the value range of the diameter of the sound velocity nozzles is 0.5-2 mm, and the value range of n is 2-6;
an annular groove is formed in the outer wall, which is in contact with the reinforced nylon sleeve (2), of the rear electrode seat (1), a plurality of through holes are formed in the rear electrode seat (1) along the radial direction, and the annular groove is communicated with the central through hole of the rear electrode seat (1) along the radial direction by the plurality of through holes of the rear electrode seat (1) to serve as a cooling water loop;
the cross section area A of the small end cylinder of the rear electrode (3) 1 ＝(I/n 1 ) 2 Wherein I is the current of the direct current power supply of the spray gun, n 1 The value range of (2) is 60-90; the rear electrode (3) is a hot cathode electrode.
4. A high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun according to claim 3, wherein: the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) is provided with a plurality of through holes serving as cooling water loops along the radial direction, and the opening positions of the through holes correspond to the positions of annular grooves on the outer wall of the rear electrode seat (1);
the reinforced nylon sleeve (2) is also provided with a through hole serving as a working medium channel, one end of the working medium channel is used as an inlet of the working medium, and the other end of the working medium channel is communicated with the sonic nozzle of the rear electrode seat (1).
5. A high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the shell (5) is of a cylindrical structure with stepped through holes, pipelines serving as cooling water loops are uniformly distributed in the inner circumference of the cylinder wall of the shell (5), one end of each pipeline serves as a water outlet to be connected with the cooling water loops in the reinforced nylon sleeve (2), and the other end of each pipeline serves as a water inlet to be connected with the cooling water loops in the rear section (7) of the spray pipe.
6. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 5, wherein:
the cross section area A of the central through hole of the front electrode (4) 2 ＝I/n 2 Wherein I is the current of the direct current power supply of the spray gun, n 2 The value range of the electrode is 5-10, and the axial length of the central through hole of the front electrode (4) isn 3 The value range of (2) is 6-8;
the front electrode (4) is of a cylindrical structure, cooling water loops uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged in the cylindrical wall, one end of the cooling water loop of the front electrode (4) is used as a cooling water inlet, the cooling water inlet is connected with an external cooling water pipeline through a hole formed in the wall of the shell (5), and the other end of the cooling water loop of the front electrode (4) is communicated with the cooling water loop in the rear section (7) of the spray pipe;
the furthest distance between the magnetic field coil (6) and the connecting surface of the front electrode (4) and the rear section (7) of the spray pipe is not more than 1/3 of the axial length of the front electrode (4).
7. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 6, wherein: the winding turns of the magnetic field coil (6) are 5-15 turns;
the rear electrode (3) is made of metal or alloy with the electron work function lower than 10 eV;
the value range of the direct current power supply current of the spray gun is 100-1000A.
8. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 7, wherein: the rear section (7) of the spray pipe is of a cylindrical structure with a stepped through hole, and the stepped through hole comprises a first taper hole, a round hole and a second taper hole which are sequentially connected; the axial length of the first taper hole is smaller than that of the second taper hole, and the taper of the first taper hole is larger than that of the second taper hole; the small diameter end of the first taper hole faces the small diameter end of the second taper hole;
the cooling water loop in the spray pipe rear section (7) comprises an inflow pipe section and an outflow pipe section, one end of the inflow pipe section is communicated with the cooling water loop of the front electrode (4), and one end of the outflow pipe section is communicated with the cooling water loop of the shell (5);
a cooling water circuit in the front nozzle section (8) communicates the inflow pipe section with the outflow pipe section in the rear nozzle section (7).
9. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 8, wherein: the value range of the axial length of the round hole section of the rear section (7) of the spray pipe is 1-3 mm;
the large diameter end of the first taper hole is matched with the central through hole of the front electrode (4) in size, and the value range of the ratio of the sectional area of the large diameter end of the second taper hole to the sectional area of the small diameter end of the second taper hole is 1.05-4.2: 1, a step of;
and a powder channel is formed in the wall of the second taper hole.
10. The high power hot cathode supersonic plasma spray gun of claim 9, wherein: and a gap is reserved between the front electrode (4) and the rear electrode (3), and the value range of the gap distance is 2-5mm.
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| CN112517916B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-05-26 | 张爽 | Device and method for preparing spherical powder by using tubular electrode and spray welding |
| CN113677081B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-06-03 | 四川大学 | Reversed polarity plasma spraying gun for ultra-low pressure plasma spraying |
| CN114672758B (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2024-02-02 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Magnetic field regulating supersonic plasma thermal spraying device |
| CN116924821B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-12-12 | 上海康碳复合材料科技有限公司 | Carbon-carbon crucible with silicon carbide anaerobic coating and preparation method thereof |
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