CN110295456B

CN110295456B - Composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110295456B
Application number: CN201910402014.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡士波; 吴同强; 张业雷; 张永涛
Original assignee: Feicheng Taixi Nonwoven Materials Co ltd
Current assignee: Feicheng Taixi Nonwoven Materials Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-15
Filing date: 2019-05-15
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-15
Also published as: CN110295456A

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and a preparation method thereof, wherein the geotextile is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 80-90% of polyester staple fibers, 5-15% of polypropylene staple fibers and 1-5% of polypropylene composite particles. The composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and the process thereof can improve the mechanical strength, the top breaking force, the aging resistance and the flame retardance of the polyester geotextile, can reduce the thickness of a product under the condition of the same areal density, and are not easy to tear from the right-angle direction.

Description

Composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, and particularly relates to a composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The terylene short fiber geotextile has the functions of isolation, filtration, drainage, reinforcement, protection, maintenance and the like. It is characterized by good flexibility, corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance; and has good water permeability, filtering and isolating performance and convenient construction. The method is mainly applied to the engineering fields of water conservancy, hydropower, highways, railways, ports, airports, sports venues, tunnels, coastal beaches, reclamation, environmental protection and the like. The terylene short fiber geotextile belongs to non-woven fabrics, does not need to be woven, and has poor stability compared with woven fabrics.

Currently, the commonly used polyester staple fiber geotextile is mainly manufactured by the processes of opening, cotton mixing, carding, lapping and needling consolidation. The polyester staple fiber geotextile manufactured by the process is easy to tear in the right-angle direction, the bursting force is relatively poor, and the geotextile with the same surface density needs to be much thicker; the thickness of the geotextile can be reduced by adopting a hot-press shaping method, but the polyester has a higher melting point, 4080 fibers (low-melting cotton) are mostly added as a binder at present, the hot-press shaping can be carried out at a relatively low temperature, but the 4080 fibers have higher cost.

In addition, the polyester staple fiber geotextile and the polypropylene staple fiber geotextile both require aging resistance, although the aging resistance of the polyester staple fiber geotextile is stronger than that of the polypropylene staple fiber geotextile, the polyester staple fiber geotextile is mainly used for protecting slopes, the application occasions are mostly outdoor, the geotextile surface covering is less, and the ageing resistance can be poorer when the geotextile is blown by the sun in the day. And the terylene short fiber geotextile is easy to be ignited in open fire and has poor flame retardance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a composite polyester staple fiber geotextile and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the mechanical strength, the top breaking force, the aging property and the flame retardance of the polyester geotextile, reduce the thickness of a product under the condition of the same areal density and are not easy to tear from a right-angle direction. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a composite polyester staple fiber geotextile, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90% of polyester staple fibers, 5-15% of polypropylene staple fibers and 1-5% of polypropylene composite particles.

Preferably, the composite polyester staple fiber geotextile comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-90% of polyester staple fibers, 7-13% of polypropylene staple fibers and 2-3% of polypropylene composite particles.

The polypropylene composite particle is prepared by the following method:

(1) adding 90 parts of polypropylene, 5 parts of anti-aging agent, 2 parts of flame retardant and 3 parts of plasticizer into a reciprocating type mixing mill for blending, controlling the heating temperature to be 180-220 ℃, and mixing for 1-1.5 hours;

(2) extruding: putting the mixed mixture into a single-screw extruder for extrusion, and controlling the temperature to be 130-160 ℃;

(3) and (3) granulation: the extruded mixture enters a granulator for granulation;

(4) grinding: and grinding the granulated polypropylene composite particles to 50-80 meshes to obtain the polypropylene composite particles.

The polypropylene is isotactic polypropylene; the anti-aging agent is: any one or more of an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant 168, a weather resistant agent 3808 and a weather resistant agent 3853; the flame retardant is antimony trioxide;

the plasticizer is as follows: any one or a mixture of DOP, DEHP, DBP, DEP and DCHP.

The invention provides a preparation method of composite polyester staple fiber geotextile, which comprises the following steps:

s01, feeding the packaged polyester staple fibers and polypropylene staple fibers into an opening box for opening;

s02, feeding the polyester staple fibers and the polypropylene staple fibers into a cotton mixing box for cotton mixing;

s03, carding the mixture by using a carding machine, mechanically forming a net, and sending the net into a lapping machine for lapping;

s04, uniformly spraying the polypropylene composite particles on the fiber web by using a pneumatic particle sprayer;

s05, carrying out needling consolidation by using a needle machine;

s06, hot-pressing and shaping by using a hot press;

and S07, cutting edges and winding to obtain the composite polyester geotextile.

The reciprocating speed of the lapping machine is divided into ten sections: five sections in the forward direction and five sections in the reverse direction. The pneumatic particle sprayer is provided with at least one spray head which transversely reciprocates at a constant speed according to the size of the net. The needling machine is provided with at least two needling machines. At least four composite ironing rollers are arranged in the hot press; the composite ironing roller is coated with a layer of Teflon and digital display thermometers are arranged at two ends of the ironing roller; preferably, the temperature of the composite ironing roller is set to be 110-130 ℃.

Advantageous effects

(1) The aging resistance and the flame retardance of the geotextile are improved;

(2) the mechanical strength and the top breaking force of the geotextile are improved;

(3) under the condition of the same areal density, the thickness of the geotextile is reduced;

(4) the geotextile is not easy to tear in the right-angle direction, and has good tear resistance stability.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention relates to a process flow chart of a composite polyester geotextile.

FIG. 2: the cross section of the mixed polyester staple fiber and polypropylene particles is shown schematically.

In the figure: 1. polyester staple fibers, 2, polypropylene composite particles.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As introduced in the background art, in order to improve the mechanical strength, top bursting strength, aging resistance and flame retardance of the polyester geotextile, so that the polyester geotextile is lighter and has better stability and is not easy to tear, the invention provides the composite polyester staple fiber geotextile, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90% of polyester staple fibers, 5-15% of polypropylene staple fibers and 1-5% of polypropylene composite particles.

The polypropylene composite particle is prepared by the following method:

(1) blending: adding 90 parts of polypropylene, 5 parts of anti-aging agent, 2 parts of flame retardant and 3 parts of plasticizer into a reciprocating type mixing mill for blending, controlling the heating temperature to be 180-220 ℃, and mixing for 1-1.5 hours;

The polypropylene is isotactic polypropylene; the anti-aging agent is: any one or more of an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant 168, a weather resistant agent 3808 and a weather resistant agent 3853; the flame retardant is antimony trioxide; the plasticizer is as follows: any one or a mixture of DOP, DEHP, DBP, DEP and DCHP.

Wherein, the polypropylene fiber and polypropylene composite particles are mainly added as a binder of the polyester staple fibers. The melting point of terylene is above 255 ℃, while the melting point of polypropylene is lower. And at the heating temperature of 110-130 ℃, the polypropylene staple fibers and the sprayed composite particles can be melted, and a good adhesion effect is generated after cooling. The polypropylene staple fibers and the composite particles are used as the binder of the polyester staple fibers, so that the hot-press forming temperature can be greatly reduced, the mechanical strength of the material is improved, the production cost is saved, and the polypropylene staple fibers are pressed into small polypropylene films among the polyester staple fibers after hot-press forming, so that the aperture formed among the polyester staple fibers is reduced, the generated filtering aperture is reduced, and the filtering effect is improved. In order to improve the aging resistance and the flame retardance of the product, an anti-aging agent and a flame retardant are added. The anti-aging agent and the flame retardant have high melting points, and are simply added into the geotextile blended by the polyester staple fibers and the polypropylene staple fibers, and because the hot-press setting temperature is low, the anti-aging agent and the flame retardant are difficult to melt and still exist in the geotextile in the form of powder or particles, so that the anti-aging or flame-retardant effect cannot be achieved. After being blended with polypropylene particles, the polypropylene composite particles with excellent anti-aging performance and flame retardant performance are formed, and can be effectively fused after being added into polyester fibers, and the geotextile is endowed with the anti-aging performance after hot press molding. The polypropylene fibers sold in the market at present are basically made of isotactic polypropylene, and in order to keep the consistency of the materials, the isotactic polypropylene is selected and added into the geotextile. The polypropylene composite particles with 50-80 meshes of fine particles are adopted, the size is small, and compared with polypropylene staple fibers with the same weight, the number of the polypropylene composite particles is much larger than that of the polypropylene staple fibers. The polypropylene composite particles with the same weight are added into the polyester staple fibers, the dispersion area of the polypropylene composite particles is larger, and more polyester staple fibers can be bonded, so that the adding amount of the polypropylene fibers can be effectively reduced by adding the polypropylene composite particles. However, because of this reason, the addition amount of the polypropylene composite particles needs to be controlled, and too much polypropylene composite particles are added, so that the polypropylene composite particles are easy to be bonded into sheets after hot press forming, thereby affecting the filtration effect of the geotextile. And the polypropylene particles are not required to be added with a coupling agent for softening during processing, so that the hardness is high, and the softness of the geotextile can be influenced by adding too much polypropylene particles. Meanwhile, the polypropylene fiber has low density and high mechanical strength, and after the polypropylene fiber is added, the thickness of the polyester geotextile with the same surface density is much smaller, and the mechanical strength of the polyester geotextile can be improved.

The composite polyester staple fiber geotextile is prepared by the following method:

s01, feeding the polyester staple fibers and the polypropylene staple fibers into an opening box for opening;

s05, carrying out needling consolidation by using a needle machine;

s06, hot-pressing and shaping by using a hot press;

The reciprocating speed of the lapping machine is divided into ten sections: five sections in the forward direction and five sections in the reverse direction. The forward speed is 1 speed to 5 speeds, and the reverse speed is 5 speeds to 1 speed. Each section is driven by different motors, and the rotating frequency of each motor is adjusted, so that the speed of the net laying curtain is different when the net laying curtain is at different positions. The speed of each section is adjusted according to the surface density of the required geotextile, so that the surface density of the product is uniform, and the gram weight difference is not more than 10g/cm²。

The pneumatic particle sprayer is provided with at least one spray head which transversely reciprocates at a constant speed according to the size of the net. When the terylene and the polypropylene staple fibers are formed into a net and then folded into a fiber net with a certain thickness by a lapping machine, the nozzle of the pneumatic particle sprayer moves back and forth above the net at a constant speed, and then the polypropylene composite particles can be uniformly sprayed on the fiber net.

The needling machine is provided with at least two needling machines. The needling machine can not only consolidate the paved net, reduce the thickness of the net and ensure the filtering performance of the product, but also can better mix the polypropylene composite particles with the polyester staple fibers in the needling process. The polyester staple fibers are mainly arranged in a crossed or parallel mode, the mixed polypropylene composite particles are stuck at the crossed part of the staple fibers or between two parallel staple fibers, the polypropylene composite particles are melted after heating, and the crossed or parallel staple fibers are bonded together after cooling and shaping, so that the bonding efficiency is high, the produced geotextile is not easy to tear in the right-angle direction, and the stability of the product is improved.

At least four composite ironing rollers are arranged in the hot press; the composite ironing roller is coated with a layer of Teflon and two ends of the composite ironing roller are provided with digital display thermometers; preferably, the temperature of the composite ironing roller is set to be 110-130 ℃. The thermometers are arranged at two ends of each composite ironing roller, so that the temperature in the whole heating area is kept consistent and is not lower than 110 ℃; the hot roller is coated with a layer of Teflon to ensure that the fused polypropylene (polypropylene) is not stuck on the composite hot roller in the hot pressing process. These can all make the geotechnological cloth thickness that produces after the hot pressing even unanimous, stability is good.

Example 1

1. Consists of the following components:

88 percent of polyester staple fiber, 9 percent of polypropylene staple fiber and 3 percent of polypropylene composite particle

2. Setting product parameters:

surface density: 300 +/-5 g/cm²

3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

s04, uniformly spraying the polypropylene composite particles on the net by using a pneumatic particle sprayer;

s05, carrying out needling consolidation by using a needle machine;

s06, hot-pressing and shaping by using a hot press;

4. The number of devices: 2, opening boxes; 1 cotton mixing box; 1, carding machine; one mechanical lapping machine; a pneumatic sprayer 1 with a spray head; 2 needling machines; 1 hot press with six composite ironing rollers.

5. Equipment parameters: the forward lapping speed (motor rotation frequency) from 1 speed to 5 speeds is as follows: 22.50Hz,21.50Hz, 24.50Hz, 21.00Hz, 23.00 Hz; the reverse lapping speed from 5 to 1 is as follows: 22.50Hz,21.50Hz, 24.50Hz, 21.00Hz, 23.00 Hz. The temperature of the hot pressing roller is set as follows: 120 ℃ is adopted.

Comparative example 1

1. Consists of the following components:

100% of polyester staple fiber

2. Setting product parameters:

surface density: 300 +/-5 g/cm²

3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

s01, opening the packaged polyester staple fibers;

s02, carding and lapping the opened polyester staple fibers;

s03, needling and consolidating;

and S04, cutting edges and winding to obtain the polyester staple fiber geotextile.

4. The number of devices: 1, opening a box; 1 cotton mixing box; 1, carding machine; 3 needling machines;

5. equipment parameters: the parameters were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 2

1. The raw materials comprise:

88 percent of polyester staple fiber and 12 percent of 4080 staple fiber

2. Setting product parameters:

surface density: 300 +/-5 g/cm²

3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

s01, opening the packaged polyester staple fibers and 4080 staple fibers;

s02, mixing and carding the loosened polyester staple fibers and 4080 staple fibers;

s03, needling and consolidating;

s05, lapping and hot-pressing for shaping;

and S06, cutting edges and winding to obtain the composite polyester geotextile.

4, number of devices: 2, opening boxes; 1 cotton mixing box; 1, carding machine; 3 needling machines; 1 hot press with six composite ironing rollers.

5. Equipment parameters: the parameters were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 3

1. The raw materials comprise:

88 percent of polyester staple fiber and 12 percent of polypropylene staple fiber

2. Setting product parameters:

surface density: 300 +/-5 g/cm²

3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

as in comparative example 2.

4. The number of devices: the same as in experimental example 1.

5. Equipment parameters: the parameters were the same as in example 1.

Test example 1

Thickness test: the geotextiles prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were subjected to thickness measurement using a YT060 type geotextile thickness meter. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of thickness test results

Item	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3
					Thickness cm	1.1	2.6	1.8	1.3

As can be seen from table 1, the geotextile prepared by the method has the lowest thickness under the condition of the same areal density, and the thickness is at least 50% smaller than that of the geotextile prepared by the needle punching consolidation method.

Test example 2

And (3) tensile strength test: the geotextiles prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were subjected to mechanical strength measurement using a universal electronic tensile machine. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of tensile Strength test results

Item	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3
					Tensile strength MPa	12.07	9.51	9.83	11.33

As can be seen from table 2, the geotextile prepared by the present invention has the best mechanical properties.

Test example 3

Aging performance test: the geotextiles prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were subjected to aging performance measurement using a constant temperature aging oven and a universal electronic tensile testing machine. The aging test conditions were: and (3) placing the geotextiles prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 into a constant-temperature ageing oven with the temperature set to be 100 ℃ for 30 days, taking out the geotextiles after 30 days, placing the geotextiles at room temperature for 24 hours, measuring the tensile strength by using a universal electronic tensile testing machine, and comparing the tensile strength with the tensile strength before ageing to obtain the ageing change rate of the tensile strength. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison of machine aging Performance test results

As can be seen from table 3, after the aging test of 100 ℃ for 30 days, the geotextile prepared by the invention has the smallest change rate of tensile strength after aging, and the aging change rate is more than 3 times lower than that of other comparative examples, which indicates that the geotextile has the best aging resistance.

Test example 4

Tear strength (right angle direction) test: the geotextiles prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were subjected to tear strength measurement using a universal electronic tensile machine. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 comparison of tear Strength test results

Item	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3
					Tearing strong KN	0.75	0.24	0.45	0.51

As can be seen from table 4, the geotextile prepared by the present invention has excellent tearing strength (right angle direction) and good stability.

Test example 5

CBR burst strength test: the geotextiles prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were subjected to burst strength measurement using a digital fabric burst strength meter. The results are shown in Table 5

TABLE 5 comparison of burst strength test results

Item	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3
					Bursting strength KN	3.5	1.5	2.5	3.3

As can be seen from table 5, the addition of polypropylene (polypropylene) can effectively increase the burst strength of the geotextile, and the geotextile prepared by the present invention has the best burst strength.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The composite polyester staple fiber geotextile is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

85-90% of polyester staple fibers, 7-13% of polypropylene staple fibers and 2-3% of polypropylene composite particles;

the polypropylene composite particle is prepared by the following method:

(4) grinding: grinding the granulated polypropylene composite particles to 50-80 meshes to obtain the polypropylene composite particles;

the polypropylene is isotactic polypropylene;

the anti-aging agent is: any one or more of an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant 168, a weather resistant agent 3808 and a weather resistant agent 3853; the flame retardant is antimony trioxide; the plasticizer is as follows: any one or a mixture of DOP, DEHP, DBP, DEP and DCHP;

s03, carding the mixture by using a carding machine, mechanically forming a net, and sending the net into a lapping machine for lapping; the reciprocating speed of the lapping machine is divided into ten sections: five sections in the forward direction and five sections in the reverse direction;

s04, uniformly spraying the polypropylene composite particles on the fiber web by using a pneumatic particle sprayer; the pneumatic particle sprayer is provided with at least one spray head which transversely reciprocates at a constant speed according to the size of the net;

s05, carrying out needling consolidation by using a needle machine; the needling machines are at least provided with two needling machines;

s06, hot-pressing and shaping by using a hot press; at least four composite ironing rollers are arranged in the hot press; the composite ironing roller is coated with a layer of Teflon mesh belt, and digital display thermometers are arranged at two ends of the composite ironing roller; the temperature of the composite ironing roller is set to be 110-130 ℃;