CN1102953C - 用氧化性水溶液进行地下碳质地层的化学诱导促进 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种提高从地下碳质地层中生产甲烷产量的方法，该方法通过化学促进地层中有机成分的附加自由表面积和裂隙的形成，使得无机吸附的甲烷从粘土矿中释放出来，再通过注入含有至少一种氧化剂的氧化性水溶液至地层中从而提高甲烷从地层中的解吸率，然后从地层中以增加的产率生产甲烷。其中合适的氧化剂包括过氧化物，臭氧，氧气，二氧化氯，次氯酸钠，水溶性次氯酸盐，高氯酸盐，氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过硼酸盐，过碳酸盐，高锰酸盐，硝酸盐和它们的混合物。
Description
本发明涉及提高由地下碳质地层生产甲烷的产率的办法，该方法通过用氧化性水溶液化学刺激地层以提高自地层生产甲烷的产率。本发明适用于从地层中提高甲烷回收率，该地层由与无机材料一起沉积的碳质材料组成，如碳质页岩地层。提高产率是通过增加含有烃类的有机物料碎片的表面积，诱导在这些碳质物料上的裂隙及其它新的表面的形成，从而促进轻质烃从这些碳质地层上解吸这些过程实现的。碳质地层如页岩，包含部分粘土材料。本发明同样适用于提高被这些粘土材料吸附的轻质烃的回收率。
大量的甲烷气存在于含有碳质物料的地层中，它们包括煤中矿物组分的细微组织，油母质及其它有机物料，与无机物料如沙子，粘土及类似的碎屑物料共同存在于地层中。本发明中这些地层被称之为“碳质地层”。许多这样的碳质地层含有大量的甲烷，或其它被吸收的或吸附的轻质烃，如甲烷。但是甲烷不易于从这些地层中回收，因为这些含碳质物料的渗透性及露出的表面积过低，甲烷不能从地层中得以充分的释放。在本发明中涉及保留在碳质物料表面内或表面上的甲烷或其它轻质烃以及保留在存在于碳质地层中粘土矿的表面里或表面上的甲烷或其它轻质烃的讨论中，可以交换使用术语“吸收”和“吸附”。
相应地，接下来的努力已经指向再现在煤炭地层中形成较完善的裂隙体系的条件的作用以及提高由碳质地层生产甲烷的产率。
本发明提供一种提高被至少一眼井穿透的地下碳质地层生产甲烷产率的方法，该方法包括：
a)在地层中注入含有至少一种氧化剂的氧化性水溶液。该氧化剂选自于过氧化物，臭氧，氧气，二氧化氯，次氯酸盐，水溶性次氯酸金属盐，高氯酸盐，氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过碳酸盐，高锰酸盐，硝酸盐以及它们的混合物；
b)使氧化性水溶液在地层中保持一设定的时间；
c)从地层中以增加的产率制备出甲烷。
注射氧化性水溶液到地层中，并让该水溶液在地层中保留一段设定的时间以注射氧化性水溶液到地层中，并让该水溶液在地层中保留一段设定的时间以刺激和促进甲烷和其它轻质烃从地层的粘矿土组分中解吸出来，使得甲烷从地层中转移到井壁，从而使甲烷以增加的产率从地层中制备出来。
一些合适的氧化剂是过氧化物，臭氧，氧气，二氧化氯，次氯酸盐，水溶性次氯酸金属盐，高氯酸盐，氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过硼酸盐，过碳酸盐，高锰酸盐，硝酸盐以及它们的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，从穿透至少一个注入井和一个产出井的地下碳质地层中生产甲烷的产率通过以下步骤得以提高：
a)通过注入井注入含有至少一种氧化剂的氧化性水溶液到地层中，和
b)通过产出井从地层中以增加的产率生产出甲烷。
本发明对于增加从与无机物料一起沉积的碳质地层中甲烷的回收是有效的，也增加了从吸附了甲烷的无机物料上及无机物料中甲烷的回收。
本发明将参照优选的实施方案及借助于如下的附图加以详细描述；
图1一是从表面穿透地下碳质地层的井的示意图。
图2是一从表面穿透地下碳质地层的井的示意图，其中的碳质地层被破碎。
图3是一从表面穿透地下碳质地层的注入井和产出井的示意图。
图4是从表面穿透地下碳质地层的注入井和产出井的示意图，其中碳质地层从注入井处被破碎。
图5是一57孔注入和产出井的示意图。
在附图讨论过程中，同样的数字在说明书中代表相同或相近的组成部分。
在图1中显示碳质地层10被一井孔14从表面12穿透。井孔14包括一用水泥18设置在井孔14壁上的套管16，尽管井孔14显示为一加套管井孔，在附图显示的优选实施方案中应理解为有无套管的井孔均可适用。另外套管16也可延伸至或穿过有穿孔的碳质地层10，通过碳质地层10上的套管可提供碳质地层10和井孔14之间的液体传输。井孔14延伸至碳质地层10中且装有一管道20和一活塞22。设置活塞22是用于防止管子20的外径和套管16内径之间的流动。井孔14还包括阀门24用于注入气流或液流至碳质地层10中或者从碳质地层10中回收气流或液流。
在本发明的实施过程中，含有至少一种氧化剂的氧化性水溶液按图示箭头26方向通过管道20，再按图中箭头28所示方向注射至碳质地层10中。处理的区域如圆圈30所示。氧化性水溶液被注射到碳质地层10中一设定的时间以增强或促进包含在碳质地层10中有机物料中附加表面区域或裂隙的形成。在以一设定的时间和一定的数量注入氧化性水溶液，其时间和数量应是以增强存在于区域30内碳质地层10中有机物料解吸其它吸附在有机物料上或其内部的甲烷及轻质烃的能力。经过一设定的时间或在注射室一设定量的氧化性水溶液之后，井口关闭一段时间，该段时间多至或超过24小时。一般将井口关闭至井孔中的压力恢复至地层压力并随后维持至少12小时。注射氧化性水溶液的过程相对于要求的氧化性溶液存在于碳质地层中的时间也许已经足够长。关闭这段时间可以使氧化性溶液进入到碳质地层中以氧化碳质地层10的组分，从而增加存在于碳质地层10中有机物料中的表面积和裂隙。关闭这段时间也可以使氧化性溶液进入到碳质地层10中，从而分离出吸附于存在在碳质地层10中粘矿土上的甲烷及其它轻质烃。紧随着关闭这段时间之后，水，甲烷或两者可以从碳质地层10中回收，再将区域30中碳质地层10脱水产生甲烷。这里用的术语“脱水”并不是指从碳质地层10中完全脱水，而是从碳质地层10中除去足够的水以打开碳质地层中的通道，这样甲烷可以通过通道从碳质地层中出来。
氧化性水溶液中的氧化剂选自于过氧化物，臭氧，氧气，二氧化氯，次氯酸盐，水溶性次氯酸金属盐，高氯酸盐，氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过硼酸盐，过碳酸盐，高锰酸盐，硝酸盐及它们的混合物。优选的金属盐为钠盐和钾盐。所用氧化剂的最高浓度一般可达到该氧化剂在氧化性水溶液中溶解度的上限。过氧化物及臭氧氧化剂的一般含量最高约为氧化性水溶液的10％(重量)，尽管如果需要浓度还可以再高些。这类氧化物以前在含烃地层裂解应用中作为压裂液凝胶破乳剂，可以购买到。注入氧化性溶液能促进在碳质地层中附加的游离表面区域及裂隙的形成，也能促进甲烷及其它轻质烃从有机物料及吸附它们的粘矿土表面中释放出来。
在如图1的实施方案中，单井用于氧化性水溶液的注入以化学增强和促进及存在于碳质地层10中有机物料中附加的自由表面区域及裂隙的形成，从而促进吸附在区域30粘矿土中烃类的释放，结果导致地层水份的释放，从而提高了从碳质地层10生产甲烷的产率。本说明书所用的术语“提高”指的是相对于未处理过的碳质地层的改变。
相近的实施方案如图2所示，除了这里碳质地层10被断裂层32破碎。井的操作基本上类同于图1，除了碳质地层10事先被破碎或被含有氧化性水溶液的流体在至少部分破碎操作中所破碎。例如，如果碳质地层10难以渗透，希望用一常用的压裂方法作为一种初始刺激方法，随后用氧化性水溶液作一后压裂冲洗。在与断裂层接触的整个区域中，后压裂冲洗增加了自由表面和裂隙的形成以及释放出吸附的甲烷。在这些例子中，按以前的讨论希望关闭井，氧化剂选自于前面讨论的相同氧化剂材料。在注入氧化性溶液之前断裂层在碳质地层10中形成。如果需要，氧化性溶液可以含有压裂液。如果需要，氧化性水溶液可以在高于或低于断裂梯度(压力)下注射。
在图3中，注入井34和产出井36从表面12穿透碳质地层10。注入井34与产出井36被分隔开，它们之间的间距取决于特定碳质地层的特性等。根据本发明，上述氧化性水溶液按如图上箭头26和28方向被注入到碳质地层10中以处理区域30，该区域可以从注入井34按一般圆周方向延伸，但通常优先朝一邻近的产出井或产出井群方向延伸。设置的产出井10用于从碳质地层10中提取水和甲烷。通过产出井36产出水和甲烷使得氧化性水溶液向产出井36流动。希望的是，持续地注入氧化性水溶液直到产出井36能检测到水体积增加的或是到渗透性或表面积有一希望能有的增加，或者是产出流体的体积的增加能够实现。渗透性、表面积或从产出井36产出的流体体积的增加表示在碳质地层10中渗透性增强，表面积增加或两者均有改善，同时伴随着额外量的流体按如图示箭头38方向通过产出井36和按箭头40方向从碳质地层10中释放出来。如图所示箭头38从两个方向指向产出井36，期望水将从碳质地层10未处理的部分以较低的速率得以回收。
如图4所示的实施方案与图3相似，除了碳质地层10已经被裂层32断裂。在图2所示实施方案中的断裂层32基本上可以任意延伸。对比之下，在图4所示的实施方案中断裂层32希望延伸不超过至产出井36距离的一半。明显地，如果断裂层32完全延伸至产出井36，在注入井34和产出井36之间将很难使用任何种类流体或气体推进。希望的是，断裂层延伸不超过注射井34和产出井36之间的距离的一半。供断裂层32使用的氧化性水溶液前面已讨论过。
图5显示一五孔井的排列，多孔井排列，例如五孔井的排列在本发明的实施中是有用的，也可以重复的方式在广泛的领域内使用。这样的排列对那些专业技术人员来说是熟知的，在此仅作一简要的讨论。在图5所示的排列中，氧化性水溶液通过注入井34注入至处理区域30以增加水和甲烷从产出井36的回收。当想要的裂隙地层或渗透性的增加被从产出井36以增加的产率产出的流体证实时，氧化性水溶液的注入停止，注入井34转变为产出井。通过原来的产出井和转换了的注入井产生该区域。已被处理过的区域30将产生额外的甲烷生产率和额外的最终甲烷的回收。
本发明方法也适用于气注处理的预处理，以增加从碳质地层10中甲烷的回收。单独使用二氧化碳或与其它气体一起使用以增加碳质地层中甲烷的产出是公知的。相近似地，为从煤层中取出额外量的甲烷，使用惰性气体如氮气，氩气等，在煤层气体中甲烷分压被降低时，通过增加煤层的压力从煤层中除去附加量的甲烷，这对于本领域专业技术人员来说是公知的。使用这种方法要求地层可以渗透使得气体流进或流过地层，以使甲烷可以回收；同样，也要求在有机物料中含有甲烷的体积有可以经其解吸通过的自由表面。本发明的方法增加了有机物料中自由表面和裂隙的形成，增加了碳质地层和渗透率，那里有机物料较为充足并能形成适合处理的连续网络，本方法可用于气体净化或气体解析处理之前以增加甲烷的回收。
尽管申请人不希望被任何特定的理论所约束，本发明的方法仍可通过在氧化性溶液接触的碳质地层区域中产生自由表面或裂隙体系而起作用。通常本发明的方法对于含有大量甲烷的、存在于地层中的煤矿物、油母质和其它的无机物料可解吸出甲烷的表面积的增加来说是有效的。这表明甲烷可以吸附在这类碳质地层中的无机物料，尤其是粘土中，以及有机物料中。由有机和无机物料制备出甲烷的产率通过本发明的方法均得到提高。
通过参照特定的优选实施方案描述了本发明，值得注意的是所讨论的实施方案实际上只是用作说明的而不是用于限定的，在本发明的范围之内可以有许多变化和修改。这些变化和修改对于本领域专业技术人员而言，在前述优选实施方案描述的评论上应是显而易见的和所希望的。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高由至少一口井穿透的地下碳质地层产生甲烷的产率的方法，该方法包括：
a)向地层中注入含有至少一种氧化剂的氧化性水溶液，该氧化剂选自过氧化物，臭氧，氧气，二氧化氯，次氯酸盐，水溶性次氯酸金属盐，高氯酸盐，氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过碳酸盐，高锰酸盐，硝酸盐以及它们的混合物；
b)维持氧化性水溶液在地层中一设定的时间；
c)由地层中以增加的产率生产出甲烷。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述地下碳质地层含有粘矿土。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中水溶液金属盐是钠盐或钾盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中氧化性水溶液含有至少一种盐，该盐选自钠和钾的高氯酸盐，过硫酸盐，过硼酸盐，过碳酸盐和高锰酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中氧化性水溶液通过一口井注入到地层中；将井关闭一设定的时间；此后，从井口以增加的产率生产甲烷。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在注入氧化性水溶液之前，碳质地层已被从中向外延伸的断裂层断裂。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中氧化性水溶液含有在压裂条件下注入以断裂地层的压裂液。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述的氧化性水溶液在地层中保持至少24小时。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中氧化剂存在的量最高为该氧化剂在水中的溶解极限。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，此方法用于从被至少一注入井和至少一产出井穿透的地下碳质地层中生产甲烷，该方法还包括：
a)通过注入井注入氧化性水溶液至地层中，
b)通过产出井以增加的产率从地层中生产甲烷。
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| US5388645A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-02-14 | Amoco Corporation | Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures |
| US5388641A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-02-14 | Amoco Corporation | Method for reducing the inert gas fraction in methane-containing gaseous mixtures obtained from underground formations |
| US5388640A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-02-14 | Amoco Corporation | Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures |
| US5419396A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1995-05-30 | Amoco Corporation | Method for stimulating a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the coal seam |
| US5417286A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1995-05-23 | Amoco Corporation | Method for enhancing the recovery of methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation |
| US5439054A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-08-08 | Amoco Corporation | Method for treating a mixture of gaseous fluids within a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation |
| US5501273A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1996-03-26 | Amoco Corporation | Method for determining the reservoir properties of a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation |
| US5769165A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1998-06-23 | Vastar Resources Inc. | Method for increasing methane recovery from a subterranean coal formation by injection of tail gas from a hydrocarbon synthesis process |
| US5669444A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-09-23 | Vastar Resources, Inc. | Chemically induced stimulation of coal cleat formation |
| US5865248A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1999-02-02 | Vastar Resources, Inc. | Chemically induced permeability enhancement of subterranean coal formation |
-
1997
- 1997-09-22 US US08/934,585 patent/US5967233A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-09-03 GB GB9819231A patent/GB2329407B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-21 EA EA199800748A patent/EA001793B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-21 ZA ZA9808640A patent/ZA988640B/xx unknown
- 1998-09-21 UA UA98094936A patent/UA52648C2/uk unknown
- 1998-09-21 CA CA002247483A patent/CA2247483C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-21 PL PL98328755A patent/PL188963B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-22 CN CN98120537A patent/CN1102953C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5388642A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-02-14 | Amoco Corporation | Coalbed methane recovery using membrane separation of oxygen from air |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2247483C (en) | 2009-01-27 |
| CA2247483A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 |
| GB9819231D0 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| GB2329407A (en) | 1999-03-24 |
| EA199800748A3 (ru) | 1999-12-29 |
| UA52648C2 (uk) | 2003-01-15 |
| EA199800748A2 (ru) | 1999-04-29 |
| PL188963B1 (pl) | 2005-05-31 |
| GB2329407B (en) | 2002-04-24 |
| US5967233A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
| EA001793B1 (ru) | 2001-08-27 |
| CN1213689A (zh) | 1999-04-14 |
| PL328755A1 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
| ZA988640B (en) | 2000-05-09 |
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