CN110289402B - Electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles and a preparation method thereof. The material has a specific surface area of 20-100m 2 The surface of the silicon particle is coated with mesoporous silicon particles which are crosslinked with carbon elements, wherein the particle diameter of the mesoporous silicon particles is 0.2-5 mu m, the aperture of mesopores on the mesoporous silicon particles is 2-50nm, and the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon elements is 100: 1 to 30; the method comprises the steps of firstly placing the crushed aluminum-silicon alloy in a ball mill for liquid phase ball milling, then mixing and stirring the obtained aluminum-silicon alloy powder and an acid solution, then mixing and stirring the obtained mesoporous silicon particles, a cationic surfactant and an organic carbon source solution, drying to obtain an intermediate product, and then placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere for calcining to obtain the target product. The lithium ion battery cathode material has higher reversible specific capacity, charge-discharge cycling stability and rate capability, and extremely high lithium storage cycling performance, and is extremely easy to be widely commercialized as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silicon-carbon electrode material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous consumption of traditional fossil energy and the increasing environmental problems caused by the unregulated use of fossil energy, the development of new energy sources which are healthy and sustainable has gradually become a common consensus of human beings. In recent years, various new energy sources such as renewable clean energy sources of solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy and the like have been rapidly developed, and the proportion of use in daily life has been gradually increased. However, the problem of instability and discontinuity of clean energy supply greatly limits the large-scale popularization and application. Therefore, it is a first choice to store and reasonably output such clean and unstable energy, and the development of a large-capacity, chargeable and dischargeable chemical power system has become a focus of attention.
Among many secondary batteries, lithium ion batteries have attracted attention because of their advantages of long life, high energy density, light weight, small size, safety in use, environmental friendliness, and the like, and have been widely used. At present, graphite serving as a main flow material of a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery is difficult to meet the requirements of energy storage equipment and a large-power battery on high energy density due to the lower capacity (the theoretical specific capacity is 372mAh/g, and the actual reversible specific capacity is 330 mAh/g); therefore, people make continuous efforts to obtain a negative electrode material with high specific capacity and high power density, such as a porous silicon-carbon composite material disclosed in patent CN 105226285B of china invention in 2017, 10 and 17, and a preparation method thereof. The porous silicon-carbon composite material mentioned in the patent consists of porous silicon particles coated with carbon elements, and the specific surface area of the porous silicon-carbon composite material is 10-500cm 2 The particle size of the porous silicon particles is 5-500 nm; the preparation method comprises the steps of sequentially removing active metal and silicon oxide in the silicon alloy, mixing the obtained porous silicon with a polymer, carrying out ball milling, and then calcining to obtain the product. Although the product has higher reversible specific capacity and charge-discharge cycle stability, the product and the preparation method thereof have defects, firstly, the specific surface area of the product is too low, so that the lithium storage cycle performance is restricted, and the conductivity is also restricted; secondly, the connection between the porous silicon particles in the product and the carbon element coated on the porous silicon particles is not cross-linked, so that the stability and durability of the product structure are not influenced besides the rate of charge and discharge; thirdly, the preparation method cannot obtain a product with higher reversible specific capacity and charge-discharge cycle stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles with higher reversible specific capacity, charge-discharge cycle stability and rate capability.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles.
In order to solve the technical problem of the invention, the technical scheme adopted is that the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles is formed by coating carbon elements on porous silicon particles, and particularly comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the porous silicon particles are mesoporous silicon particles, the particle size of the mesoporous silicon particles is 0.2-5 mu m, and the pore diameter of mesopores on the mesoporous silicon particles is 2-50 nm;
the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon elements is 100: 1-30, the weight ratio is 100: 1-30 mesoporous silicon particles are coated and crosslinked with carbon elements;
the surface of the mesoporous silicon particles coated with the crosslinked carbon elements has a specific surface area of 20-100m 2 /g。
Further improvement of the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles:
preferably, the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon element is 100: 4-20.
In order to solve another technical problem of the present invention, another technical scheme is that the preparation method of the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles comprises a ball milling method, and particularly comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 60-10 wt%: crushing 40-90wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy, placing the crushed aluminum-silicon alloy into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 40-10:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 1-10mL/g to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the particle size of 0.2-5 mu m;
step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 1-5mol/L acid solution of 1: 1-2, mixing and stirring the two at 35-45 ℃ for at least 4h to obtain mesoporous silicon particles, and mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to a weight ratio of 1: 0.01-0.001: 2-5, mixing and stirring the three components for at least 2h, and drying to obtain an intermediate product;
and 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for at least 2h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃ to prepare the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles.
The preparation method of the electrode material used as the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles is further improved as follows:
preferably, the material of the ball milling pot and the milling balls is one or a mixture of more than two of agate, zirconia, stainless steel and corundum.
Preferably, the liquid phase medium for ball milling is one or a mixture of more than two of ethanol, methanol, polyglycol, N-methyl pyrrolidone and kerosene.
Preferably, the acid solution is one or a mixture of more than two of hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution, glacial acetic acid solution, phosphoric acid solution and ferric chloride solution.
Preferably, the cationic surfactant is one or a mixture of more than two of polyetherimide, polyether amine, dopamine, dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, quaternized polyethyleneimine, tertiary aminated polyethyleneimine, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
Preferably, the organic carbon source solution is one or a mixture of more than two of sucrose solution, glucose solution, chitosan solution, starch solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, polyacrylonitrile solution, citric acid solution, phenolic resin solution and polyethylene glycol solution.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 100-.
Preferably, the reducing atmosphere is one or a mixture of two or more of a hydrogen atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, a helium atmosphere, and a neon atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are that:
firstly, the prepared target product is characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope and a specific surface and porosity analyzer respectively, and the result is combined with the preparation method to know that the target product is the surface of the mesoporous silicon particles coated with crosslinked carbon elements; wherein the mesoporous silicon particlesThe grain diameter is 0.2-5 μm, the aperture of the mesopores on the silicon oxide is 2-50nm, the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon elements is 100: 1-30, the specific surface area of the mesoporous silicon particles coated with the crosslinked carbon elements on the surface is 20-100m 2 (ii) in terms of/g. The target product assembled by mesoporous silicon particles and carbon elements coated and crosslinked with the mesoporous silicon particles not only can be alloyed with lithium at normal temperature to generate Li with theoretical specific capacity up to 3572 mA.h/g 15 Si 4 And because the silicon particles are mesoporous silicon particles with extremely high specific surface area, and because the electrical conductivity of carbon element is excellent and is close to the chemical property of silicon, and because the mesoporous silicon particles are in surface coating cross-linking connection with the carbon element, when the target product is used as the lithium ion battery cathode, lithium ions can easily shuttle back and forth to repeatedly penetrate through the carbon coating on the surface in the charging and discharging process, and because of a plurality of mesoporous gaps in the mesoporous silicon particles, the destructive effect of the huge volume change of the silicon core after absorbing or releasing the lithium ions on the silicon core is effectively buffered while the lithium storage performance is increased, and the performance and the charging and discharging cycle life of the target product when used as the lithium ion battery cathode are greatly improved.
Secondly, the prepared target product is used as a negative electrode material, raw materials which are the same as those in the prior art are assembled into a 2032 button cell, and the button cell is tested by using a Chenghua electrochemical workstation with the model of 660E and a Xinwei cell testing system with the model of CT-4008 under the same conditions, and the result is as follows: the first discharge specific capacity is 3266.41mAh/g, the charge specific capacity is 2566.72mAh/g, and the first coulombic efficiency can reach 79.6 percent; the secondary discharge specific capacity is 2644.54mAh/g, the charge specific capacity is 2470.41mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency can reach 93.4%. After the two 80mA/g charging and discharging processes, the current density of 830mA/g is adopted to make charging/discharging test, and the test result shows that it possesses good circulation stability. The discharge capacity of the 2032 coin cell is about 2250mAh/g at a current density of 330mA/g and about 750mAh/g at a current density of 3300mA/g, when the rate test is carried out on the coin cell.
Thirdly, the preparation method is simple, scientific and efficient. The electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles, which is a target product with higher reversible specific capacity, charge-discharge cycle stability and rate performance, is prepared, and has extremely high lithium storage cycle performance and low manufacturing cost; thereby making the target product easy to be widely used as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is one of results of characterizing the objective product obtained by the preparation method using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a specific surface and porosity analyzer, respectively. Wherein, a in figure 1 is an SEM image of mesoporous silicon particles; and b is a pore size distribution diagram of the mesoporous silicon particles.
Fig. 2 is one of the results of characterization of the obtained objective product using a scanning electron microscope and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), respectively. Wherein, a in FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the target product; the b picture is a TEM image of the product of interest.
Fig. 3 is one of the results of characterization of the obtained objective product using a specific surface and porosity analyzer. The results, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm plot, show that the specific surface area of the desired product is 20-100m 2 /g。
Fig. 4 is one of the results of the test of the prepared objective product using novice battery test system model CT-4008. Therefore, after the target product is subjected to charge-discharge cycling for 200 times, the target product still has extremely high charge-discharge specific capacity and good coulombic efficiency.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First commercially available or manufactured on its own:
agate, zirconia, stainless steel and corundum which are used as materials of the ball milling tank and the grinding ball;
ethanol, methanol, polyglycol, N-methyl pyrrolidone and kerosene as liquid phase medium for ball milling;
hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution, glacial acetic acid solution, phosphoric acid solution and ferric chloride solution as acid solution;
polyetherimides, polyetheramines, dopamine, dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, quaternized polyethyleneimine, tertiary aminated polyethyleneimine, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride as cationic surfactants;
sucrose solution, glucose solution, chitosan solution, starch solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, polyacrylonitrile solution, citric acid solution, phenolic resin solution and polyethylene glycol solution which are used as organic carbon source solution;
hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, helium and neon as reducing atmosphere.
Then:
example 1
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 60 wt%: 40 wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy is crushed. Placing the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 40:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 10 mL/g; wherein, the ball milling tank and the grinding balls are made of zirconia, and the liquid medium of the ball milling is ethanol, so as to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the particle size of 0.2 mu m.
Step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 1mol/L acid solution of 1: 2, mixing and stirring the two at 35 ℃ for 12 hours; wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the mesoporous silicon particles. Then, mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.01: 5, mixing and stirring the three components for 2 hours, and drying; wherein the cationic surfactant is polyetherimide, the organic carbon source solution is sucrose solution, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 4min, so as to obtain an intermediate product.
Step 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for 4 hours at 500 ℃; wherein the reducing atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. An electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles was prepared, which was similar to that shown in fig. 2, and was shown by the curves in fig. 3 and 4.
Example 2
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 48 wt%: 52 wt% of the aluminium-silicon alloy is crushed. Placing the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 33:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 8.8 mL/g; wherein, the ball milling tank and the grinding balls are made of zirconia, and the liquid medium of the ball milling is ethanol, so as to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the grain diameter of 0.8 mu m.
Step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 2mol/L acid solution of 1: 1.75, mixing and stirring the two at 38 ℃ for 10 hours; wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the mesoporous silicon particles. Then, mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.008: 4, mixing and stirring the three components for 3 hours, and drying; wherein the cationic surfactant is polyetherimide, the organic carbon source solution is sucrose solution, and the drying temperature is 125 ℃ and the drying time is 3.5min, so as to obtain an intermediate product.
Step 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for 3.5h at 600 ℃; wherein the reducing atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. An electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles was prepared, which was similar to that shown in fig. 2, and as shown by the curves in fig. 3 and 4.
Example 3
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 35 wt%: crushing 65 wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy. Placing the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 25:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 6.5 mL/g; wherein, the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of zirconia, and the liquid phase medium of the ball milling is ethanol, so as to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the grain diameter of 1 mu m.
Step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to the 3mol/L acid solution of 1: 1.5, mixing and stirring the two at 40 ℃ for 8 hours; wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the mesoporous silicon particles. Then, mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.005: 3, mixing and stirring the three components for 4 hours, and drying; wherein the cationic surfactant is polyetherimide, the organic carbon source solution is sucrose solution, and the drying temperature is 150 ℃ and the drying time is 3min, so as to obtain an intermediate product.
Step 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for 3 hours at 700 ℃; wherein the reducing atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. The electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as shown in fig. 2 and as shown in the graphs of fig. 3 and 4 was prepared.
Example 4
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 23 wt%: 77 wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy was crushed. Placing the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-material ratio of 18:1 and the liquid-material ratio of 3.3 mL/g; wherein, the ball milling tank and the grinding balls are made of zirconia, and the liquid medium of the ball milling is ethanol, so as to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the grain diameter of 3 mu m.
Step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 4mol/L acid solution of 1: 1.35, mixing and stirring the two at 43 ℃ for 6 hours; wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the mesoporous silicon particles. Then, mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.003: 2, mixing and stirring the three materials for 5 hours, and drying; wherein the cationic surfactant is polyetherimide, the organic carbon source solution is sucrose solution, the drying temperature is 175 ℃, and the drying time is 2.5min, so as to obtain an intermediate product.
Step 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for 2.5h at 800 ℃; wherein the reducing atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. An electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles was prepared, which was similar to that shown in fig. 2, and as shown by the curves in fig. 3 and 4.
Example 5
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 10 wt%: crushing 90wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy. Placing the mixture into a ball mill, and carrying out liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 1 mL/g; wherein, the ball milling tank and the grinding balls are made of zirconia, and the liquid medium of the ball milling is ethanol, so as to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy powder with the particle size of 5 mu m.
Step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 5mol/L acid solution of 1: 1, mixing and stirring the two at 45 ℃ for 4 hours; wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the mesoporous silicon particles. Then, mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.001: 2, mixing and stirring the three materials for 6 hours, and drying; wherein the cationic surfactant is polyetherimide, the organic carbon source solution is sucrose solution, the drying temperature is 200 ℃, and the drying time is 2min, so as to obtain an intermediate product.
Step 3, placing the intermediate product in a reducing atmosphere, and calcining for 2 hours at 900 ℃; wherein the reducing atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere. An electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles was prepared, which was similar to that shown in fig. 2, and as shown by the curves in fig. 3 and 4.
Then respectively selecting one or a mixture of more than two of agate, zirconia, stainless steel and corundum which are used as materials of a ball milling tank and a ball milling ball, one or a mixture of more than two of ethanol, methanol, polyglycol, N-methyl pyrrolidone and kerosene which are used as liquid phase media of ball milling, one or a mixture of more than two of hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution, glacial acetic acid solution, phosphoric acid solution and ferric chloride solution which are used as acid solution, one or a mixture of more than two of polyetherimide, polyether amine, dopamine, dodecylamine hydrochloride, lauryl amine, stearyl amine, quaternized polyethylene imine, tertiary aminated polyethylene imine, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, polyethylene imine, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride which are used as cationic surfactants, examples 1 to 5 were repeated using one or a mixture of two or more of a sucrose solution, a glucose solution, a chitosan solution, a starch solution, a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, a polyacrylonitrile solution, a citric acid solution, a phenol resin solution, and a polyethylene glycol solution as an organic carbon source solution, and one or a mixture of two or more of a hydrogen atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, a helium atmosphere, and a neon atmosphere as a reducing atmosphere, to obtain electrode materials of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as shown in fig. 2 or similar to those shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.
It is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles of the present invention and the method for preparing the same without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles is disclosed, the electrode material is composed of porous silicon particles coated with carbon elements, and is characterized in that:
the porous silicon particles are mesoporous silicon particles, and the particle size of the mesoporous silicon particles is 0.2-5
The aperture of the mesopores on the surface is 2-50 nm;
the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon elements is 100: 1-30, the weight ratio is 100: 1-30 mesoporous silicon particles are coated and crosslinked with carbon elements;
the surface of the mesoporous silicon particles coated with the crosslinked carbon elements has a specific surface area of 20-100m 2 /g；
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, the weight percentage of aluminum and silicon is 60-10 wt%: crushing 40-90wt% of aluminum-silicon alloy, placing the crushed aluminum-silicon alloy into a ball mill, and performing liquid phase ball milling according to the ball-to-material ratio of 40-10:1 and the liquid-to-material ratio of 1-10mL/g to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy with the particle size of 0.2-5
The aluminum-silicon alloy powder of (1);
step 2, firstly, according to the weight ratio of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder to 1-5mol/L acid solution of 1: 1-2, mixing and stirring the two at 35-45 ℃ for at least 4h to obtain mesoporous silicon particles, and mixing the mesoporous silicon particles, the cationic surfactant and the organic carbon source solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.01-0.001: 2-5, mixing and stirring the three components for at least 2h, and drying to obtain an intermediate product;
and 3, placing the intermediate product in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for at least 2 hours at the temperature of 500-900 ℃ to prepare the electrode material of the crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles.
2. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mesoporous silicon particles to the carbon element is 100: 4-20.
3. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the ball-milling pot and the milling ball is one or a mixture of more than two of agate, zirconia, stainless steel and corundum.
4. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid medium for ball milling is one or a mixture of two or more of ethanol, methanol, polyglycol, N-methylpyrrolidone and kerosene.
5. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid solution is one or a mixture of two or more selected from hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution, glacial acetic acid solution and phosphoric acid solution.
6. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cationic surfactant is one or a mixture of two or more of polyetherimide, polyetheramine, dopamine, dodecylamine hydrochloride, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, quaternized polyethyleneimine, tertiary aminated polyethyleneimine, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride.
7. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic carbon source solution is one or a mixture of two or more selected from sucrose solution, glucose solution, chitosan solution, starch solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, polyacrylonitrile solution, citric acid solution, phenolic resin solution, and polyethylene glycol solution.
8. The method for preparing an electrode material of crosslinked carbon-coated mesoporous silicon particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃ and the drying time is 2-4 min.
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