CN110285884A - Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects hyperspectral imager optical system - Google Patents
Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects hyperspectral imager optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110285884A CN110285884A CN201910515293.XA CN201910515293A CN110285884A CN 110285884 A CN110285884 A CN 110285884A CN 201910515293 A CN201910515293 A CN 201910515293A CN 110285884 A CN110285884 A CN 110285884A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000087968 Nymphaea cyanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
- G01J3/1838—Holographic gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
- G01J2003/1842—Types of grating
- G01J2003/1861—Transmission gratings
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescences to detect hyperspectral imager optical system, including telescope, slit, collimating mirror, holographic body phase transmission grating, focus lamp and image planes.The system is image space telecentric system, 20 ° of field angle, can satisfy General Spatial optical remote sensing demand；Service band is 670nm~780nm, covers the main detection window of vegetation sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence；System F number can be set as between 1.8~3 according to different demands, to guarantee the high light flux transmittability of system and the high s/n ratio of detection；Pixel 0.05~0.1nm/ of spectrum sample pixel, it can be achieved that 0.3nm or more spectral resolution；It is provided simultaneously with superior image quality, vegetation sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence information more abundant can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high light spectrum image-forming technology fields and space optics technical field, and in particular to a kind of sunlight-induced leaf
Green element fluorescence detection hyperspectral imager optical system.
Background technique
Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is the direct characterization of plant photosynthesis productivity, referred to as plant health situation and photosynthetic
" probe " of effect, remote sensing fluorescence signal can directly indicate plant photosynthesis productivity size under no stress conditions and plant by outer
Boundary's environment-stress degree has highly important science and application value in vegetation ecological application.Sunlight-induced chlorophyll is glimmering
Light can often drown out in Vegetation canopy reflection signal, energy only accounting 1% or so, in order to by this fluorescence spectrum information from hat
It is precisely separating out in layer reflectance spectrum, the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio for needing to have superelevation on optical remote sensing instrument, and
Certain imaging resolution capability.These detections and inverting demand tradition vegetation optical remote sensing high light spectrum image-forming instrument cannot meet.
The special detection mechanism of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence requires the high light spectrum image-forming instrument of detection must be in fluorescence
Wave band (670-780nm) have Subnano-class (0.3nm) spectral resolution and superelevation signal-to-noise ratio (average 200, highest
1000), while guaranteeing certain visual field covering and imaging capability, such detection data can effective inverting fluorescence information.But
It is that there is apparent restricting relations between resolution ratio and signal-to-noise ratio, it is necessary to novel Hyper spectral Imaging optical system is designed,
Just it is able to satisfy application demand.
Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection hyperspectral imager belongs to emerging technology areas, mature remote sensing instrument pole
It is few.FLEX (Fluorescence Explorer) project that European Space Agency is carrying out is that fluorescence remote sensing carries on following first star
Lotus, this instrument field angle are 10.8 °, ground Pixel domain resolution ratio 0.75mrad, are covered by 2 discrete detection channels
The service band of 500-780nm, in shortwave partial spectrum resolution ratio 2nm, in the minimum 0.3nm of long wavelength part spectral resolution.
Minimum signal-to-noise ratio 115, maximum signal to noise ratio 1015 under different observation modes.The load is estimated to be applied in transmitting in 2022.Finland
The plant fluorescence spectrum imager (AisaIBIS Fluorescence Imager) of SPECIM company is only one on the market
Commercial product.As only sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence light spectrum image-forming detection instrument, service band cover on the market at present
The Visible-to-Near InfaRed wave band of 670-780nm, spectrum sample interval 0.11nm, minimum spectral resolution 0.33nm, instrument view are covered
32.3 ° of rink corner, spatial resolution 1.5mrad, minimum signal-to-noise ratio are higher than 100.China is just locating in the development of the field instrument at present
In developing stage, matured product and remote sensing instrument there is no to be applied.
The Hyper spectral Imaging survey meter for meeting sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection demand is that the following vegetation ecological remote sensing is answered
An important means in, the tackling key problem of the Development Techniques of this instrument is focused primarily upon realize instrument ultraspectral resolution ratio,
High s/n ratio and good optical imagery ability.
Compared with Chinese patent 201811012191.8, the present invention has following difference:
(1) present invention is perfect vegetation sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral imager optical system, comprising looking in the distance
Mirror and imaging spectrometer are, it can be achieved that infinite as far as the imaging capability that improves nearby, and patent 201811012191.8 does not have
This imaging capability；
(2) its aperture diaphragm of patent 201811012191.8 is on grating, optical path approximation object space telecentricity；Aperture light of the present invention
Door screen is placed in telescope, and total system realizes more perfect image space telecentricity, and to be imaged because of the change of aperture diaphragm
The collimation microscope group and focusing microscope group design method and form of spectroscopic system are changed, the lens type and curvature of composition
Radius and patent 201811012191.8 are entirely different；
(3) present invention clearly uses holographic body phase transmission grating, is general used in patent 201811012191.8
Transmission grating, diffraction efficiency, blaze wavelength, diffracting power have very big difference.
Summary of the invention
In order to break foreign technology block, breaks through sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detection hyperspectral imager key technology and grind
System, it is an object of the invention to: under the premise of guaranteeing telecentricity, flattened field and close to diffraction limit, provide a kind of ultraspectral
Resolution imaging spectrometer Optical System Design, the system work in 670nm-780nm wave band, and 20 ° of field angle, pixel spectrum is adopted
Sample 0.05~0.1nm/ pixel, spectral resolution are better than 0.3nm, spatial resolution 1mrad, image quality close to diffraction limit,
Can to the infinite target at 1m carry out imaging observation, overall transfer efficiency between 50% or more, F number 1.8~3, it can be achieved that
High signal-to-noise ratio.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects hyperspectral imager optical system, comprising: window 1, the first lens 2, second
Lens 3, the third lens 4, aperture diaphragm 5, the 4th lens 6, the 5th lens 7, the 6th lens 8, the 7th lens 9, the 8th lens 10,
Slit 11, the 9th lens 12, the tenth lens 13, the 11st lens 14, the 12nd lens 15, the 13rd lens the 16, the 14th are thoroughly
Mirror 17, holographic body phase transmission grating 18, the 15th lens 19, the 16th lens 20, the 17th lens 21, the 18th lens
22, the 19th lens 23, the 20th lens 24 and image planes 25.Wherein window 1, the first lens 2, the second lens 3, the third lens 4,
Aperture diaphragm 5, the 4th lens 6, the 5th lens 7, the 6th lens 8, the 7th lens 9 and the 8th lens 10 form telescope, the prestige
Remote mirror is image space telecentricity；Slit 11, the 9th lens 12, the tenth lens 13, the 11st lens 14, the 12nd lens the 15, the 13rd
The collimation microscope group of lens 16, the 14th lens 17 composition imaging spectrum system；15th lens 19, the 16th lens the 20, the tenth
The focusing microscope group of seven lens 21, the 18th lens 22, the 19th lens 23 and the 20th lens 24 composition imaging spectrum system；It is quasi-
11 emergent light of slit is incident upon on holographic body phase transmission grating 18 by straight microscope group, and the groove of holographic body phase transmission grating 18 is close
Degree is 1200 lines/mm, can the collimated light of collimation microscope group be divided, and line focus microscope group forms continuous dispersion spectrum imaging and throws
It is mapped in image planes 25.Collimation microscope group, holographic body phase transmission grating 18 and the focusing microscope group being arranged successively collectively constitute imaging
Spectra system, the imaging spectrum system are object space telecentricity.
The service band of the optical system is 670nm~780nm, between F number 1.8~3, pixel spectrum sample 0.05~
0.1nm/ pixel, image quality is close to diffraction limit, and overall transfer efficiency is 50% or more.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: realizing the ultraphotic spectrum of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence passive detection for the first time at home
Imager Optical System Design.The system field angle reaches 20 °, can satisfy the field range of General Spatial optical application, protects
The picture width for having demonstrate,proved instrument earth observation can obtain vegetation ecological environmental information amount more abundant；Total system is telecentricity
System, and have real entrance pupil, it can be ensured that the application of all kinds of incident beam limits devices；Optical system F number is minimum, each optical element
Efficiency of transmission can achieve 98% or more in 670-780nm, and holographic body phase transmission grating is reachable in this wave band diffraction efficiency
70% or more, it is ensured that the energy transmission efficiency of optical system reaches 56% or more, and high signal-to-noise ratio may be implemented；Optical system
Designing the pixel spectrum sample rate in final image planes is 0.05~0.1nm/ pixel, is closed and is realized better than 0.3nm's using more pixels
Spectral resolution；Each constituent element is spherical lens in system, easy to process, and system tolerance is loose, is conducive to assembly.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral imager optical system structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment mode further illustrates the present invention.
It is that one kind is exclusively used in vegetation day photo-induction the invention belongs to high light spectrum image-forming technology field and space optics technical field
Lead the high light spectrum image-forming optics system of chlorophyll fluorescence passive remote sensing.The structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 is implemented, in the structure
Component part includes: window 1, the first lens 2, the second lens 3, the third lens 4, aperture diaphragm 5, the 4th lens 6, the 5th lens
7, the 6th lens 8, the 7th lens 9, the 8th lens 10, slit 11, the 9th lens 12, the tenth lens 13, the 11st lens 14,
12 lens 15, the 13rd lens 16, the 14th lens 17, holographic body phase transmission grating 18, the 15th lens the 19, the 16th
Lens 20, the 17th lens 21, the 18th lens 22, the 19th lens 23, the 20th lens 24 and image planes 25.Wherein window 1,
First lens 2, the second lens 3, the third lens 4, aperture diaphragm 5, the 4th lens 6, the 5th lens 7, the 6th lens the 8, the 7th are thoroughly
Mirror 9 and the 8th lens 10 form telescope, which is image space telecentricity；Slit 11, the 9th lens 12, the tenth lens 13,
The collimation microscope group of 11 lens 14, the 12nd lens 15, the 13rd lens 16, the 14th lens 17 composition imaging spectrum system；
15th lens 19, the 16th lens 20, the 17th lens 21, the 18th lens 22, the 19th lens 23 and the 20th lens
The focusing microscope group of 24 composition imaging spectrum systems；It collimates microscope group and 11 emergent light of slit is incident upon holographic body phase transmission grating 18
On, the incisure density of holographic body phase transmission grating 18 is 1200 lines/mm, can the collimated light of collimation microscope group be divided, and
Line focus microscope group forms continuous dispersion spectrum imaging and projects in image planes 25.Collimation microscope group, the holographic body phase being arranged successively are saturating
It penetrates grating 18 and focuses microscope group and collectively constitute imaging spectrum system,
The complete paired systems of analysis that the present invention passes through research and the distribution of system focal power to imaging spectrometer Aberration Theory
In each constituent element design.System service band is relatively narrow, such as reaches big visual field, small F number and bloom using reflective system
The requirement for learning imaging capability is more difficult, at high cost, and processing adjustment is difficult, therefore optical system configuration uses transmission-type system
System.
It on telescope design, is designed using image space telecentricity, it is ensured that effective with rear end spectrometer is docked, while guarantee pair
Any remote accurately image, field angle are 20 °, using double gauss structure as initial prototype structure, change lens material therein
Material is common optical glass, and has carried out dismantling analysis to rear end microscope group using focal power invariance principle, is finally obtained optimization
Preposition telescopic system.Wherein lens 6,7 are balsaming lens group, and lens 9,10 are balsaming lens group.Telescope focal length is 31.2mm,
Corresponding 11 length of slit is 11mm.
Optical system proposed adoption detector pixel number is 2048 × 2048, and pixel size is 11 microns, and imaging spectral is arranged
System slit width is 0.033mm, and imaging spectrum system enlargement ratio is 1:1, therefore corresponding three Pixel sizes of slit.System number
Value aperture is matched with preposition telescopic system F number, and for system using holographic body phase transmission grating, diffraction efficiency is more than 70%, can be filled
The efficiency of energy collection and signal-to-noise ratio of code insurance card system.It is required according to spectral resolution, sets pixel spectrum sample in image planes 25
Frequency is 0.05-0.1nm/ pixel, then the collimation microscope group and focus lamp that calculate imaging spectrum system are required according to spectral resolution
The group minimum 240mm of focal length, grating line density are 1200 lines/mm.It, will when carrying out initial designs in order to simplify design difficulty
Transmission grating 18 is set as plane transmission mirror, and the collimation microscope group of designing system and focusing microscope group are designed as symmetrical knot in form
Structure obtains initial good imaging effect；Plane transmission mirror is changed to the grating parameter of design later, and appropriate adjustment is poly-
The optical parameter of each element in burnt microscope group realizes have the imaging spectral Optical System Design of superior image quality.Collimating mirror and
The initial basis system of focus lamp is similarly double gauss structure, but aperture diaphragm is then placed on grating, passes through material change, song
The focal power of system has been redistributed in the optimizations such as rate radius change in turn, has modified the higher order aberratons amount and color difference of system, is realized
The optimization of image quality.
Comprehensively consider optical system cost, material property and the assembly precision of imaging spectrometer, incorporation engineering is practical to answer
Considered with property, gives each optical optimization parameter such as table 1.
1 hyperspectral imager optical component parameter of table
Claims (2)
1. sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects hyperspectral imager optical system, which is characterized in that including window (1), first
Lens (2), the second lens (3), the third lens (4), aperture diaphragm (5), the 4th lens (6), the 5th lens (7), the 6th lens
(8), the 7th lens (9), the 8th lens (10), slit (11), the 9th lens (12), the tenth lens (13), the 11st lens
(14), the 12nd lens (15), the 13rd lens (16), the 14th lens (17), holographic body phase transmission grating (18), the tenth
Five lens (19), the 16th lens (20), the 17th lens (21), the 18th lens (22), the 19th lens (23), the 20th
Lens (24) and image planes (25), wherein window (1), the first lens (2), the second lens (3), the third lens (4), aperture diaphragm
(5), the 4th lens (6), the 5th lens (7), the 6th lens (8), the 7th lens (9) and the 8th lens (10) are arranged successively composition
Telescope, the telescope are image space telecentricity；Slit (11), the 9th lens (12), the tenth lens (13), the 11st lens (14),
12nd lens (15), the 13rd lens (16), the 14th lens (17) are arranged successively the collimating mirror of composition imaging spectrum system
Group；15th lens (19), the 16th lens (20), the 17th lens (21), the 18th lens (22), the 19th lens (23)
The focusing microscope group of composition imaging spectrum system is arranged successively with the 20th lens (24)；Microscope group is collimated to throw slit (11) emergent light
It penetrates on holographic body phase transmission grating (18), the incisure density of holographic body phase transmission grating (18) is 1200 lines/mm, can be right
The collimated light of collimation microscope group is divided, and line focus microscope group forms continuous dispersion spectrum imaging and projects on image planes (25), according to
The collimation microscope group of secondary arrangement, holographic body phase transmission grating (18) and focusing microscope group collectively constitute imaging spectrum system, the imaging
Spectroscopic system is object space telecentricity.
2. sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence as described in claim 1 detects hyperspectral imager optical system, which is characterized in that
The service band of the optical system is 670nm~780nm, between F number 1.8~3, pixel spectrum sample 0.05~0.1nm/ picture
Member, image quality is close to diffraction limit, and overall transfer efficiency is 50% or more.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112013955A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-01 | 中北大学 | Spectral imaging method and device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102252756A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Front-mounted optical system of satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer |
| CN105136294A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Foundation visible high spectral resolution moon observation system |
| CN108896175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of high-resolution for vegetation week fluorescent passive detection, high-NA imaging spectrometer |
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2019
- 2019-06-14 CN CN201910515293.XA patent/CN110285884B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102252756A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Front-mounted optical system of satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer |
| CN105136294A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Foundation visible high spectral resolution moon observation system |
| CN108896175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of high-resolution for vegetation week fluorescent passive detection, high-NA imaging spectrometer |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112013955A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-01 | 中北大学 | Spectral imaging method and device |
| CN112013955B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-04-14 | 中北大学 | Spectral imaging method and device |
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