CN110284936A - Customization VVA rocker arm for left and right side orientation - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of improved rocker arm assembly, it is with offset end and is designed as being used in in the engine cylinder cover hindered, which would not allow for switching rocker arm to use.The improved rocker arm assembly, which has, hinders side and without hindrance side.The rocker arm assembly has the interior structure for including the external structure of first end and being assemblied in the external structure, which also has first end.The improved rocker arm assembly has the axis for the first end for being pivotally connected to the first end of interior structure to external structure, so that interior structure can be in external structure around axis rotation.At least one torque spring is mounted on the side of the axis, and rotates the bias interior structure relative to external structure.External structure is hindering side to be taken in it from first end towards when second end stretching, is deviating towards without hindrance side and generate the first Offset portion, to provide additional gap on hindering side.This design, which allows the improved rocker arm assembly to be assemblied in, has in obstruction engine cylinder cover and is in its obstruction side.

Description

Customization VVA rocker arm for left and right side orientation

The application be on 2 24th, 2014 the applying date, application No. is 201410200602.1, entitled " be used for The divisional application of the application of the customization VVA rocker arm in left and right side orientation ".Cross reference to related applications

Entitled " the Custom VVA Rocker Arms for Left submitted this application claims on 2 22nd, 2013 The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/ of Hand and Right Hand Orientations " (EATN-0100-P01) 768214 equity.Their equity is applied for and is required in the continuity of the application or following application: what on April 22nd, 2013 submitted U.S. Patent application No.13/868025 (EATN-0201-U01), the U.S. Patent application No.13/ that on April 22nd, 2013 submits 868035 (EATN-0201-U01-C01), the U.S. Patent application No.13/868045 (EATN- that on April 22nd, 2013 submits 0202-U01), the U.S. Patent application No.13/868054 (EATN-0202-U01-C01) that on April 22nd, 2013 submits, 2013 International Patent Application PCT/US2013/037667 (EATN-0204-WO) that on April 22, in submits, on April 22nd, 2013 submit U.S. Patent application No.13/868061 (EATN-0206-U01), the International Patent Application PCT that on April 22nd, 2013 submits/ US2013/037665 (EATN-0206-WO), the U.S. Patent application No.13/868067 (EATN- that on April 22nd, 2013 submits 0209-U01), the U.S. Patent application No.13/868068 (EATN-0210-U01) that on April 22nd, 2013 submits, 2013 4 The U.S. Patent application No.13/873774 (EATN-0207-U01) that the moon is submitted on the 30th, on April 30th, 2013, the U.S. submitted was special Benefit application No.13/873797 (EATN-0208-U01), International Patent Application PCT/US2013/ that on April 30th, 2013 submits 038896 (EATN-0210-WO), International Patent Application PCT/US2013/068503 (EATN- that on November 5th, 2013 submits 0211-WO)。

U.S. non-provisional application No.13/868025 (EATN-0201-U01), No.13/868035 (EATN-0201-U01- C01)、No.13/868045(EATN-0202-U01)、No.13/868054(EATN-0202-U01-C01)、No.13/868061 (EATN-0206-U01), No.13/868067 (EATN-0209-U01) and No.13/868068 (EATN-0210-U01) will Seek the equity of following U.S. Provisional Patent Application: No.61/636277 (EATN-0205-P01) that on April 20th, 2012 submits, No.61/637786 (EATN-0206-P01), the No.61/ submitted on April 30th, 2012 that on April 24th, 2012 submits The No.61/640713 (EATN-0210-P01) and 2013 that 640709 (EATN-0209-P01), on April 30th, 2012 submit The No.61/777769 (EATN-0202-P01) that on March 1, in submits.

U.S. non-provisional application No.13/868025 (EATN-0201-U01), No.13/868035 (EATN-0201-U01- C01)、No.13/868045(EATN-0202-U01)、No.13/868054(EATN-0202-U01-C01)、No.13/868061 (EATN-0206-U01), No.13/868067 (EATN-0209-U01) and No.13/868068 (EATN-0210-U01) is beauty The continuity application of state patent application No.13/051839 and No.13/051848.

U.S. Non-provisional Patent application No.13/873774 (EATN-0207-U01), No.13/873797 (EATN-0208- U01) and International Patent Application PCT/US2013/038896 (EATN-0210-WO) requires following U.S. Provisional Patent Application Equity: No.61/636277 (EATN-0205-P01), the No.61/ submitted on April 24th, 2012 that on April 20th, 2012 submits No.61/640705 (EATN-0207-P01) that 637786 (EATN-0206-P01), on April 30th, 2012 submit, 2012 years 4 No.61/640709 (the EATN- that the No.61/640707 (EATN-0208-P01) that submits for 30th of the moon, on April 30th, 2012 submit 0209-P01), the No.61/640713 (EATN-0210-P01) and on March 1st, 2013 that on April 30th, 2012 submits are submitted No.61/771769 (EATN-0202-P01).

International Patent Application PCT/US2013/068503 (EATN-0211-WO) requires the beauty submitted on May 11st, 2012 The equity of state temporary patent application No.61/722765 (EATN-2011-P01).

U.S. Non-provisional Patent application No.13/873774 (EATN-0207-U01), No.13/873797 (EATN-0208- U01) and International Patent Application PCT/US2013/038896 (EATN-0210-WO) be following U.S. Patent application continuity Shen Please: No.13/051839 and No.13/051848.U.S. Non-provisional Patent application No.13/051839 and No.13/051848 are wanted The equity for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/315464 for asking on March 19th, 2010 to submit.All above-mentioned applications pass through herein Reference is generally introduced.

Technical field

This application involves rocker designs, it is used for internal combustion engine, especially causes for more efficient novel changable valve Dynamic switching rocker arm system.

Background technique

Global environment and economic focus in relation to gasoline consumption growth and greenhouse gas emission, the energy cost of global range Rise and so that law-making stipulation and consumption demand is generated change compared with the demand of low operating cost.As these regulations and demand become It obtains more more and more urgent, it is necessary to the advantage needed for developing advanced engine technology and realizing.

Figure 1B describes some valve mechanism devices used now.In (22) two kinds of devices of model I (21) and model II In, the camshaft with one or more valve actuation lobes 30 is located on engine valve 29 (overhead cam).In model I (21) In valve mechanism, convex cam lobe 30 directly drives valve by hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) 812.In model II (22) gas In door machine structure, convex cam lobe 30 drives rocker arm 25, and rocker arm first end pivots on HLA812, while second end activates gas Door 29.

In model III (23), the first end of rocker arm 28 rides over and is located on cam lobe 30, while rocker arm 28 Second end activates valve 29.When cam lobe 30 rotates, rocker arm is pivoted around fixing axle 31.HLA812 can be placed in valve Between 29 tops and rocker arm 28.

In model V (24), cam lobe 30 directly drives the first end of rocker arm 26 using push rod 27.The HLA812 shown It is placed between cam lobe 30 and push rod 27.The second end of rocker arm 26 activates valve 29.When cam lobe 30 rotates, rocker arm It is pivoted around fixing axle 31.

Also as shown in Figure 1A, the manufacturing forecast-of model II (22) valve mechanism is shown as whole market in automobile engine Percentage-indication by 2019 manufacture most common construction.

Technology improves the whole of petrol engine by reduction friction, pumping with emphasis on model II (22) valve mechanism Body efficiency, heat loss are introduced into the in-engine fuel oil of optimal use.It is some in these variable valve actuation (VVA) technologies It has been incorporated into and has documentary evidence.

VVA device can be lift range variable (VVL) system, cylinder deactivation (CDA) system, and such as on July 25th, 2012 submits U.S. Patent application NO.13/532777 " Single Lobe Deactivating Rocker Arm " described in-this article It offers entirety and is included in reference herein, can also be other valve actuation systems.As meaning, improve these mechanisms with improve performance, Fuel economy and/or reduction engine emission.The VVA rocker arm assembly of some models includes the inner rocker arm within outer rocker arm, They are biased together by torque spring.Latch in latched position when making both interior outer rocker arms mobile with unit.When In non-latched position, rocker arm can move independently of each other.

Switching rocker arm can control valve actuation by switching between clamping lock and non-clamping lock state, as described above, logical It often include inner arm and outer arm.In some cases, the different cam lobe of these arm contacts, such as low lift lobe, high lift Salient angle and without lift lobe.Mechanism needs to switch rocker arm mode in a manner of being suitble to internal combustion engine operation.Rocker arm is driven by camshaft The dynamic cylinder air-breathing being typically mounted in cylinder head with actuating or exhaust valve.Equipped with the mechanism stretched out from cylinder head, for example convex Tower is taken turns, to ensure that camshaft is designed as overhead cam.There are also spark plug tubes to project upwardly through Gai Yirong at the top of each cylinder Receive spark plug.

As described above, the VVA switching rocker arm assembly of some embodiments includes the rocker arm in rocker arm, they pass through any The spring of side is biased together.Due to inside/outside arm design usually at center using idler wheel to contact cam lobe, it is advantageous that protect Hold idler wheel width same as cam lobe.Therefore, the structure of idler wheel any end, which increases width to rocker arm assembly, leads to it It is wider and too wide compared with first non-VVA rocker arm and specific Cylinder head design cannot be suitble to.

For example, some model II engine cylinder covers are used with the hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) close to lid center line The spark plug tube of one end of cam tower and obstruction width VVA switching rocker arm assembly.

Many engine components by producer be designed as with specific cylinder head cooperating so that cylinder head is difficult to become Change, since variation may influence some inter-related components, cost can be can increase or lead to fit-up gap problem.

An example in model II fuel engines for changing the VVA technology for running and improving fuel economy be from It dissipates lift range variable (DVVL), sometimes referred to as DVVL switches rocker arm.DVVL is by using discrete variable valve lift state Cylinder intake stream is started to work to limit with the engine valve of standard " partial throttling " comparison.Second example is cylinder deactivation (CDA).Fuel economy can be improved by using CDA under part load condition, to run the burning of selection under high loads Cylinder simultaneously closes off other cylinders.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) display fuel economy when DVVL is applied to various motorcar engines improves 4%. Earlier the report initiated by american energy mechanism points out that the benefit of DVVL is the fuel economy for improving 4.5%.By It, can be with when these restriction losses minimize at " partial throttling " in the most life consumption of automobile in normaling cruise operation Take as and greatly improves fuel economy.For CDA, researches show that fuel economy to increase, in view of leading due to closing cylinder It is average between 2 and 14% after causing local resistance.Currently, the VVA rocker arm for needing to be suitble to specific Cylinder head design is for increasing Performance, economy and/or reduction discharge.

Summary of the invention

Advanced VVA system for piston internal combustion engines combines valve stroke control device-such as CDA or DVVL Switch rocker arm, valve stroke actuating method-for example using the hydraulic actuation of pressurized engine oil liquid (lubricating oil), software and hard Part control system and enabling tool.Enabling tool may include sensing detection and setting instrument, OCV design, DFHLA design, Torque spring, special coating, algorithm, physical layout etc..

In one embodiment, a kind of improved rocker arm assembly is disclosed, it, which has, hinders side (side being obstructed) With without hindrance side (side not being obstructed), and including with first end external structure, be assemblied in the external structure in shake Arm configuration, the interior structure also have first end.The improved rocker arm assembly has axis, which is pivotally connected the first end of interior structure To external structure, so that interior structure can rotate in external structure around the axis.At least one torque spring on the side of the axis, And the bias interior structure is rotated relative to external structure.External structure on hindering side from second end to first end when extending towards nothing It hinders side offset and generates the first Offset portion, to hinder side to provide additional gap.This design makes improved rocker arm There can be the obstruction side of the engine cylinder cover hindered to be fitted into the engine cylinder cover.

In one embodiment, a kind of improved rocker arm assembly is disclosed, it, which has, hinders side and without hindrance side, and Including the external structure with first end, the inner rocker arm structure that is assemblied in the external structure, which also has first end.One axis The first end of interior structure is set to be pivotally connected to external structure, structure interior in this way can rotate in external structure around the axis.At least One torque spring is mounted on the without hindrance side of the axis, which rotates the bias interior structure relative to external structure.Work as resistance When the external structure on side being hindered to extend from second end towards first end, which deviates towards without hindrance side and generates the first offset Part.First Offset portion provides additional gap on hindering side.

In one embodiment, a kind of improved rocker arm assembly is disclosed, it, which has, hinders side and without hindrance side.This changes Into rocker arm assembly include the external structure with the first end with Offset portion, the inner rocker arm structure being assemblied in external structure.It should Interior structure also has first end.Axis makes the first end of interior structure be pivotally attached to external structure, so that interior structure can be in external structure It is interior to be rotated around the axis.The improved rocker arm assembly on the side of the axis have at least one torque spring, so as to relative to External structure is rotatably biased toward interior structure.When external structure extends from second end towards first end on hindering side, the external structure court It is smoothly bent to without hindrance side.This generates the first Offset portion, which provides additional on hindering side Gap.This allows the embodiment that side is being hindered to be assembled to in the engine cylinder cover hindered.

In one embodiment, a kind of improved discrete variable valve stroke (DVVL) system is disclosed.This is improved Discrete variable valve stroke (DVVL) system is designed as providing two discrete valve lift states in single rocker arm.It is proposed The embodiment of method be related to the model II valve mechanism for being described above and showing in fig. ib.The reality of the system herein proposed The mode of applying can be applied in motorcar engine (there are four cylinders for tool in embodiment), which has electric hydraulic oil Hydraulic control valve, double supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA) and DVVL switch rocker arm.DVVL switching rocker arm described herein is implemented Example focuses on the design and improvement of switching roller finger follower (SRFF) rocker arm system, it makes in end pivot roller finger It can be carried out double mode discrete variable valve stroke on follower valve mechanism.This switching rocker arm configuration includes being used for low lift thing The low friction roller bearing interface of part, and keep normal hydraulic lash to adjust the operation of non-maintaining valve mechanism.

Pattern switching (that is, lift or vice versa from low to high) rotates in (one circle of rotation) in a cam to be completed, so that driving The person of sailing is more clear.SRFF prevents the larger change of top plate needed for installing in available engine design.The load-bearing surface of cam interface It may include the roller bearing for low lift operation and the diamond like carbon coating sliding block (skidding) for high lift operation.This The introduction of application can reduce quality and the moment of inertia, while increase rigidity to complete the power needed for low and high lift mode Performance.

Diamond like carbon coating (DLC coating) allows the higher sliding block interfacial stress in close package.Test result shows, The technology is steady and meets all service life needs, extends to six times of service life demand in some respects.It screens Alternative material and surface treatment method, DLC coating is most viable as the result is shown.The technological progress that the application proposes is DVVL, which switches, uses diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating on the sliding block of rocker arm.

System Verification Test is the results show that the system meets power and durability demand.Present patent application is also actively working to The durability of SRFF design, for meeting car durability demand.High speed, low speed, switching and cold start operation are carried out A large amount of durability test.High engine speed test result, which is shown in engine 7000rpm or more, stable valve mechanism Dynamically.System wearability need satisfaction is used to switch, slide, roll and the end of life criteria at torque spring interface.For commenting An important measurement Law for estimating abrasion is the variation monitored in valve clearance.The service life that wearability needs shows gap variation can Receive in window.Mechanical aspects are shown in all tests for including the sliding block interface containing diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating Steady performance.

Due to flexible and compact packaging, this DVVL system be can be implemented in multiple cylinder engine.DVVL arrangement can With the combination of any air inlet or exhaust valve that are applied on piston driven internal combustion machine.Enabling tool include OCV, DFHLA, DLC coating.

In this second embodiment, a kind of improved single salient angle cylinder deactivation (cylinder deactivation) is described (CDA-1L) system.Improved single salient angle cylinder deactivation (CDA-1L) system is designed as stopping one or more cylinders.It herein proposes Embodiment be related to model II valve above-mentioned and being shown in FIG. 22.The embodiment of the system herein proposed can be applied to In motorcar engine (having 2 cylinders several again, such as 2,4,6,8 in embodiments), which has electronic liquid Pressure type oil hydraulic control valve, double supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA) and CDA-1L switch rocker arm.CDA-1L described herein is cut Design and improvement that rocker arm embodiment focuses on switching roller finger follower (SRFF) rocker arm system are changed, which to be directed to End roller finger follower valve can be carried out lift/without lift operation.This switching rocker arm configuration includes being used for cylinder deactivation event Low friction roller bearing interface, and to non-maintaining valve mechanism operate keep normal fluid pressure gap adjustment.

Pattern switching for CDA-1L system is completed in a cam rotation, so as to more transparent to driver.SRFF Prevent the larger change of top plate needed for installing in available engine design.Teachings of the present application can reduce quality and the moment of inertia, Increase rigidity simultaneously so as in lift or without realizing required power performance in lift mode.

CDA-1L System Verification Test is the results show that the system meets power and durability demand.Present patent application also causes The durability demand of power SRFF needed for meeting car durability demand design.To high speed, low speed, switching and cold start operation Carry out a large amount of durability tests.High engine speed test result, which is shown in engine 7000rpm or more, stable valve machine Structure power.System wearability need satisfaction is for switching, rolling and the end of life criteria at torque spring interface.It is ground for assessing One important measurement Law of damage is to monitor the variation of valve clearance.The service life display that wearability needs, gap variation is acceptable In window.Mechanical aspects show steady performance in all tests.

By flexible and compact packaging, this CDA-1L system be can be implemented in multiple cylinder engine.Enabling tool It is designed including OCV, DFHLA and special torque spring.

Rocker arm is described for the cam that engagement has a lift lobe for each valve.The rocker arm includes outer Arm, inner arm, pivotal axis, the lift lobe of contact bearing, bearing axis and at least one bearing axis spring.Outer arm has first and the Two outer webs and the outer pivot axis hole for being configured to installation pivotal axis.Inner arm is between the first and second outer webs, and One inner webs and the second inner webs.First and second inner webs have to accommodate and keep pivotal axis interior pivot axis hole and For installing the inner bearing shaft through-hole of bearing axis.

Pivotal axis is assemblied in interior pivot axis hole and outer pivot axis hole.

Bearing axis is mounted in the bearing axis hole of inner arm.

Bearing axis spring be fixed to outer arm and with bearing axis biased contact.Lift lobe contact is installed to first and second The bearing on bearing axis between inner webs.

Another embodiment can be described as contacting cam of each engine valve with single lift lobe Rocker arm.The rocker arm includes outer arm, inner arm, is configured to transmit from the single lift lobe of cam and be moved to the cam of rocker arm and connect Touch component and at least one biasing spring.

Rocker arm further includes the first outer webs and the second outer webs.

Inner arm is placed between the first and second outer webs, and has the first inner webs and the second inner webs.

Inner arm is by being constructed to allow for inner arm to be fixed to relative to outer arm around the pivotal axis that pivotal axis is rotated Outer arm.

Cam contact component is placed between the first and second inner webs.

At least one biasing spring is fixed to outer arm and biased contact cam contact component.

Another embodiment can be described as the stopping rocker arm for contacting the cam with single lift lobe.The stopping Rocker arm includes first end and second end, outer arm, inner arm, pivotal axis, is configured to be moved to from the transmission of the lift lobe of cam The lift lobe contact assembly of rocker arm is configured to latch and at least one biasing spring that the property of can choose stops rocker arm.

Outer arm includes the first outer webs and the second outer webs, the outer pivot axis hole for installing pivotal axis, for receiving liter The axial trough of journey salient angle contact assembly, to allow the free-runing operation of lift lobe contact element.

Inner arm is placed between first the second outer webs, and has the first inner webs and the second inner webs.First inner webs There is the interior liter for installing the interior pivot axis hole of pivotal axis and for installing lift lobe contact element with the second inner webs Journey salient angle contact element hole.

Pivotal axis is installed adjacent to the first end of rocker arm and is placed in interior pivot axis hole and outer pivot axis hole.

Latch is arranged adjacent to the second end of rocker arm.

Lift lobe contact element is mounted in the lift lobe contact element hole of inner arm and the axial trough of outer arm, and is in pivot Between shaft and latch.

Biasing spring is fixed to outer arm and biased contact lift lobe contact element.

Detailed description of the invention

It is appreciated that the range of element as shown in the figure only represents an example in range.Those skilled in the art can be with What is understood is that discrete component can be designed as multiple element or multiple element can be designed as discrete component.It is expressed as internal feature Element can be implemented as surface, vice versa.

In addition, in the accompanying drawings and the description below, entire drawing and description use identical appended drawing reference table respectively Show similar component.Correspondingly, attached drawing may without the ratio of scale and certain components for convenience description and by Amplification.

Figure 1A shows the relative percentage of 2012 and engine model in 2019.

Figure 1B shows general device and the commercially available size of model I, model II, model III and model V valve mechanism.

Fig. 2 shows air inlets and exhaust valve system to arrange.

Fig. 3 shows the main component including DVVL system, including hydraulic actuator.

Fig. 4 is shown can be set the perspective view for having the Exemplary switching rocker arm there are three salient angle cam in operation.

Fig. 5 is the valve for indicating to be directed to for the air inlet of example DVVL embodiment and the camshaft crankcase temperature of exhaust valve Lift condition chart.

Fig. 6 is the System Control Figure table for hydraulic actuation DVVL rocker arm assembly.

Fig. 7 shows rocker arm oil duct and control valve arrangement.

Fig. 8 shows the hydraulic actuation system for example DVVL switching rocker arm system during low lift (non-clamping lock) operation And condition.

Fig. 9 show for example DVVL switching rocker arm system high lift (clamping lock) operation during hydraulic actuation system and Condition.

Figure 10 shows the side cross-sectional view of the switching rocker arm assembly of the example with Double-hydraulic clearance adjuster (DFHLA).

Figure 11 is the sectional view of DFHLA.

Figure 12 shows diamond like carbon coating.

Figure 13 shows the position for incuding DFHLA ball plunger or the instrument of relative motion.

Figure 14, which is shown, to be used in combination to measure the valve instrument mobile relative to known state with valve stem.

Figure 14 A and 14B show the first linear variable differential converter that valve stem movement is measured using three coils Sectional view.

Figure 14 C and 14D show the second linear variable differential converter that valve stem movement is measured using two coils Sectional view.

Figure 15 shows another perspective view of example switching rocker arm.

Figure 16 shows the instrument for being designed as sensed position and/or movement.

Figure 17 is the transition period described between high lift and low lift condition, OCV actuating current, the actuating gentle door of oil pressure The curve graph of relationship between lift condition.

Figure 17 A is relationship of the description between the latch transition period, OCV actuating current, actuating oil pressure and latch mode Curve graph.

Figure 17 B is description between another latch transition period, OCV actuating current, actuating oil pressure and latch mode The curve graph of relationship.

Figure 17 C is to describe valve lift curve and for the relationship between high lift and the actuating oil pressure of low lift condition Curve graph.

Figure 18 is the control logic figure of DVVL system.

Figure 19 shows the decomposition view of example switching rocker arm.

Figure 20 is description for the low lift of DVVL rocker arm assembly and the oil pressure conditions and oil liquid control valve of high lift operation (OCV) chart of state.

Figure 21-22 illustrates that the curve graph of relationship between oil temperature and latch response time.

Figure 23 is the time diagram for the existing variable switch window of example DVVL switching rocker arm, in 4 cylinder engines In, pass through two cylinder activation oil pressure cntrols of each control of two OCV.

Figure 24 is the side section for describing the DVVL switching rocker arm that the latch before switching from high lift to low lift preloads Face figure.

Figure 25 is the side section for describing the DVVL switching rocker arm that the latch before switching from low lift to high lift preloads Face figure.

Figure 25 A is the lateral section for describing the DVVL switching rocker arm of the critical gear when switching between low lift and high lift Figure.

Figure 26 is the variable switch window for example DVVL switching rocker arm and the expansion time for constituting mechanism switching time Figure, in 4 cylinder engines, the actuating oil pressure cntrol of two cylinders is respectively controlled by two OCV.

Figure 27 shows the perspective view of example switching rocker arm.

Figure 28 shows the top view of example switching rocker arm.

Figure 29 shows the sectional view of the interception of the line 29-29 from Figure 28.

Figure 30 A-30B shows the sectional view of example torque spring.

Figure 31 shows the bottom view of outer arm.

Figure 32 shows sectional view of the latch mechanism in clamping lock state along Figure 28 middle line 32,33-32,33.

Figure 33 shows latch mechanism in the sectional view of non-clamping lock state.

Figure 34 shows alternative latch pin design.

Figure 35 A-35F shows several retention devices for positioning pin.

Figure 36 shows the design of example latch pin.

Figure 37 shows alternative latch mechanism.

Figure 38-40 shows the exemplary method of assembling switching rocker arm.

Figure 41 shows the alternate embodiments of pin.

Figure 42 shows the alternate embodiments of pin.

Figure 43 shows the various gap measurements of switching rocker arm.

Figure 44 shows the perspective view of the example inner arm of switching rocker arm.

Figure 45 shows the perspective view that the inner arm of switching rocker arm is looked from below.

Figure 46 shows the perspective view of the example outer arm of switching rocker arm.

Figure 47 shows the sectional view of the latch assembly of example switching rocker arm.

Figure 48 is the gap-camshaft angle curve graph for switching rocker arm.

Figure 49 shows the side cross-sectional view of example switching rocker arm assembly.

Figure 50 shows the perspective view for determining the outer arm in region with maximum deflection under that loading condition.

Figure 51 shows the top view of example switching rocker arm and three salient angle cams.

Figure 52 shows example switching rocker arm along the sectional view of the line 52-52 of Figure 51.

Figure 53 shows the decomposition view of example switching rocker arm, and display example switches the main portion of the influence inertia of rocker arm assembly Part.

Figure 54 shows the design cycle of relationship between the inertia and rigidity of optimization example switching rocker arm assembly.

Figure 55 shows the indicatrix of inertia and rigidity for example switching rocker arm assembly design iteration.

Figure 56 illustrates that pressure, deviation, load and the rigidity of example switching rocker arm assembly are bent relative to the feature of position Line.

Figure 57 illustrates that indicatrix of the rigidity of some example switching rocker arm assemblies relative to inertia.

Figure 58 shows the tolerance interval of the rigidity of the building block of more DVVL switching rocker arm assemblies and the discrete value of inertia.

Figure 59 be include DFHLA and valve example switching rocker arm assembly side cross-sectional view.

Figure 60 illustrates that some rigidity values of the building block of example switching rocker arm assembly are bent relative to the feature of position Line.

Figure 61 shows indicatrix of some Mass Distributions of the building block of example switching rocker arm assembly relative to position.

Figure 62 shows the testboard for measuring latch displacement.

Figure 63 is the view for testing the non-ignition testboard of switching rocker arm assembly.

Figure 64 is curve of the valve displacement relative to camshaft angle.

Figure 65 shows the crucial test of the durability for testing switching roller finger follower (SRFF) rocker arm assembly Level.

Figure 66 indicates the test protocol for passing through accelerated ageing system test cycle in assessment SRFF.

Figure 67 is the cake chart for indicating the dependence test time of SRFF durability test.

Figure 68 indicates to connect and monitor the strain gauge of SRFF dduring test.

Figure 69 is the curve of the valve-closing rate of low lift mode.

Figure 70 is the distribution of valve height of drop.

Figure 71 shows distribution of the critical gear relative to camshaft angle.

Figure 72 indicates one end of the new outer arm before use.

Figure 73 shows the typical wear of the outer arm after use.

Figure 74 shows average torque spring load loss in end-of-life test.

Figure 75 shows the overall mechanical gap variation of accelerated ageing system testing.

Figure 76 shows the end-of-life of the sliding block with DLC coating, has minimal wear.

Figure 77 is using crown camshaft surface embodiment.

Figure 78 is shown connected to a pair of of sliding block on the support rocker arm on sample.

It is lost early stage Figure 79 A shows DLC coating in sample testing.

Figure 79 B indicates the typical case for the sample tested under the design maximum with 0.2 degree of bevel angle.

Figure 80 is the curve for having the test stress level of DLC coating test sample relative to engine life.

Figure 81 is to indicate that there is the sliding block of polishing or non-polished surface to increase engine life before covering DLC coating In curve.

Figure 82 is the flow chart of the product grinding that description carries out simultaneously with test and polishing process progress.

Figure 83 indicates result of the slider angles control relative to three kinds of different grinding tools.

Figure 84 shows the Surface finish measurement of grinding tools different for three kinds.

Figure 85 shows the result that six different fixtures during sliding block grinding action keep outer arm.

Figure 86 is the curve of high lift mode valve-closing rate.

Figure 87 shows the durability test stage.

Figure 88 shows the perspective view of example CDA-1L design.

Figure 89 A shows the partial cross section side front view of the example SRFF-1L system with latch mechanism and roller bearing.

Figure 89 B shows the front view of the example SRFF-1L system of Figure 89 A.

Figure 90 is to indicate that example SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly is designed in the engine of exhaust or intake valve.

Figure 91 shows hydraulic fluid control system.

Figure 92 shows running example SRFF-1L system, shows normal lift engine valve operation.

Figure 93 A, 93B and 93C show running example SRFF-1L system, show no lift engine valve operation.

Figure 94 shows example switch window.

Figure 95 shows camshaft phase modulation in the effect of switch window.

Figure 96 shows the latch response time for SRFF-1 system embodiment.

Figure 97 is the curve shown for example SRFF-1 system in 40 degrees Celsius or more of switch window time.

Figure 98 is switch window time the considerations of expression for example SRFF-1 system to camshaft phase modulation and oil temperature Curve.

Figure 99 shows example SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly.

Figure 100 shows the decomposition view of the example SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly of Figure 99.

Figure 101 shows the side view of the example SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly including DFHLA, valve stem and cam lobe.

Figure 102 shows the end-view of the example SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly including DFHLA, valve stem and cam lobe.

Figure 103 indicates that the latch in the pressure loss rejoins feature.

Figure 104 indicates the camshaft alignment of example SRFF-1L system.

Figure 105 indicates the power being applied on the RFF using hydraulic lash adjuster.

Figure 106 indicates the dynamic balance of the example SRFF-1L system in no lift mode.

Figure 107 is the chart for indicating the oil pressure demand of example SRFF-1 system.

The mechanical clearance of Figure 108 expression example SRFF-1 system.

Figure 109 indicates that the camshaft for three salient angle CDA systems and for example SRFF-1L system goes up and down molded line.

Figure 110 is curve graph of the rigidity relative to the moment of inertia for indicating more rocker designs.

Figure 111 shows the bottom closing velocity of the generation of the intake valve of example SRFF-1L system.

Figure 112 is the chart for indicating torque spring test and summarizing.

Figure 113 is the curve of displacement and pressure during indicating pumping test.

Figure 114 indicates example SRFF-1L system by the durability in fc-specific test FC stage and gap variation.

Figure 115 is the perspective view for removing the prior art cylinder head of component for clarity.

Figure 116 is the elevational sectional view of the cylinder head of Figure 115.

Figure 117 is the perspective view of lift range variable (VVL) rocker arm assembly of the prior art.

Figure 118 is the one aspect instructed according to the present invention, offer lift range variable a left side (improvement) rocker arm assembly Perspective view.

Figure 119 is the top plan view of the improvement rocker arm assembly of Figure 118.

Figure 120 is the side view of the improved rocker arm assembly 400 of Figure 118-119.

Figure 121 is end-view of the improved rocker arm assembly of Figure 118-120 from its hinge (first) end.

Figure 122 is end-view of the improved rocker arm assembly of Figure 118-121 from its latch (second) end.

Figure 123 is the plan view as viewed from above the external structure for showing the first and second offset areas.

Figure 124 is the plan view of the external structure of Figure 123 looked from below.

Figure 125 is the side view of the external structure for the one aspect instructed according to the present invention.

Figure 126 is the view on the top of the interior structure for the one side instructed according to the present invention.

Figure 127 is the view of the bottom end of the interior structure of Figure 126.

Figure 128 is view of the interior structure of Figure 126-127 as viewed from top.

Figure 129 is view of the interior structure of Figure 126-128 as viewed from bottom end.

Figure 130 is end-view of the interior structure of Figure 126-129 from hinge (first) end.

Figure 131 is end-view of the interior structure of Figure 126-130 from latch (second) end.

Figure 132 is that the improved rocker arm assembly of Figure 118-122 is installed in the perspective view presented in cylinder head.

Figure 133 is the perspective view of the improvement rocker arm assembly 400 from another viewpoint, Figure 118-122, and display is mounted In cylinder head.

Specific embodiment

The meaning that word as used herein has them conventional and common, unless redefining in the present specification, so Common meaning will be replaced in new definition.

It is appreciated that the purpose of wording as used herein and term, is illustrated without that should regard as limiting.It is related to single plural number Form is not limited to the system or method, their composition, behavior or element of the disclosure."comprising" used herein, " packet Include ", " having ", " containing " and their deformation mean things or equivalent and other things including listing later.It relates to And "or" can be understood as being included, thus it is any using "or" describe phrase can be understood as it is single, more than one and All description phrases.It is any be related to front and rear, left and right, it is upper and lower, high and low be for the convenience of description, rather than limiting this and being System or method or their groups become any one position or specific direction.

As described in different figures, for purposes of description structure or partial some sizes relative to other structures or Part is amplified, thus, the general structure of description present subject matter is provided.In addition, the various aspects of present subject matter are referred at it Molding structure or part description, or both be simultaneously in his structure, part.As can be understood by persons skilled in the art, Be related to structure be formed in another structure or part " on " or "upper" be interpreted as that other component or part can be related to.Herein Description is related to structure or is partially formed in another structure or part "upper" to be described as " directly without intermediate structure or part Connect " on component or part.It is similar, it will be understood that when element is related to " connecting ", " attaching ", " coupling (connection) " arrive it is another When a element, it can be directly connected to, attaching, be couple to another element, or there are intermediary elements.On the contrary, when element is related to " directly Connect in succession ", " direct attaching ", " directly coupling " to another element when, intermediary element is not present.

In addition, relative terms as used herein such as "upper", " on ", " top ", " top ", "lower", " lower part " to A structure shown in the drawings or part and another structure or partial relationship are described.It is appreciated that relative terms are for example "upper", " on ", " top ", " top ", "lower", " lower part " purpose are other than direction signified in figure include device not It is equidirectional.For example, if the device in figure rotates, be described as other structures or part " on " structure or part will change Change direction for other structures or part " under ".Similar, if the device in figure is rotated along axis, it is described as tying at other Structure or part " on " structure or part will change direction and be or other structures or part " adjacent " or " left side ".Full text phase As appended drawing reference be related to similar element.

VVA system embodiment: VVA system embodiment indicate switching device, actuating method, analysis and control system with And the unique combination of the common enabling tool for generating VVA system.VVA system embodiment may include one or more enabled skills Art.

I. the explanation of discrete variable valve stroke (DVVL) system embodiment

1.DVVL system survey

Actuated by cams, discrete variable valve stroke (DVVL) switching rocker arrangement, the switching rocker arm is described below Device is used the assembled hydraulic of double supplies hydraulic lash adjuster (DFHLA) and pressure control valve (OCV) to activate, it will be pacified On the intake valve in model II valve mechanism.In an alternate embodiment, this arrangement can be applied to piston drive The combination of any air inlet or exhaust valve on dynamic formula internal combustion engine.

As shown in Fig. 2, exhaust valve mechanism in present embodiment include fixed rocker arm 810, single salient angle camshaft 811, Standard hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) 812 and exhaust valve 813.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the component packet of intake valve mechanism Include three salient angle camshafts 102, switching rocker arm assembly 100, double supplies with upper fluid mouth 506 and lower fluid flow port 512 it is hydraulic between Gap adjuster (DFHLA) 100 and electro-hydraulic solenoid oil control valve assembly (OCV) 820.OCV820 have entrance 821 and First control mouth 822 and the second control mouth 823.

With reference to Fig. 2, air inlet and exhaust valve mechanism share certain geometries, including the valve being spaced apart with HLA812 813 and the valve 112 that is spaced apart with DFHLA110.Keep common geometry enable DVVL system with it is existing or slightly change Into model II cylinder head space assemble together, while use standard chain drive system.As shown in figure 4, air inlet and exhaust gas The shared other component of both door machine structures includes valve 112, valve spring 114, valve spring retainer 116.Valve key and Valve stem seal (not shown) is also shared for air inlet and exhaust.By keeping common geometry, using common portion Part minimizes the implementation cost of DVVL system.

Intake valve organ shown in Fig. 3 is worked together to open and have convex angle of the high lift camshaft 104,106 or low The intake valve 112 at lift cams crown of roll angle 108.Convex angle of the high lift camshaft 104,106 be designed as providing be equivalent to it is fixed into The performance of gas valve mechanism, and including no lift generate generally circular portion, may include linear lift transition Lift part and protrusion corresponding to maximum lift.Low lift cams crown of roll angle 108 allows lower valve stroke and morning Phase intake valve is closed.Low lift cams crown of roll angle 108 also includes the generally circular portion of no lift generation, as lift mistake The substantial linear part crossed and the protrusion corresponding to maximum lift.Picture in Fig. 5 shows valve stroke 818 relative to song The curve of Shaft angle 817.Camshaft high lift curve 814 and fixed exhaust valve lift curve 815 and low 816 shape of lifting curve In contrast with.The low lift events indicated by curve 816 reduced during partial throttling operates induction event lift and it is lasting when Between, the improvement of fuel economy is lost and realized to reduce throttling.This is also referred to as early admission valve-closing or EIVC.When When full power being needed to run, DVVL system becomes high lift curve 814 again, similar to standard fixed lift event.From low lift Transformation and reverse transformation to high lift generate within a cam axle period.The exhaust lift thing indicated by curve 815 Part is fixed and runs in such a way that low lift or high lift induction event are identical.

System for controlling DVVL switching uses hydraulic actuation.The embodiment of the application introduction is shown in FIG. 6 The hydraulic control and actuating system 800 used.Hydraulic control and actuating system 800 are designed as being commanded by control logic, convey liquid Press fluid to mechanical latches component, which provides switching between high lift state and low lift condition.Work as machine Tool handoff procedure is controlled when initializing by control unit of engine 825.Shown hydraulic control and actuating system 800 are for institute above It states in four cylinder array II h type engine hs in intake valve mechanism, however those skilled in the art are, it will be clear that control It can be applied to the engine of other " models " and the cylinder of different number with actuating system.

What is be mentioned above can be with DVVL described herein for some enabling tools in DVVL system described herein System unit is applied in combination, to break unique combination, some of which will be described herein:

2.DVVL system enabling tool

It is served many purposes for some technologies in the system with different applications, they are described as public herein herein The component for the DVVL system opened.These include:

2.1 pressure control valves (OCV) and oil control valve assembly

It is a kind of control device referring now to Fig. 7-9, OCV, it guides or does not guide pressurized hydraulic fluid to cause rocker arm 100 switch between high lift mode and low lift mode.The actuating and stopping (being allowed to inactive) of OVC is believed by control device Numbers 866 cause.One or more OVC can wrap in a module to form component.In one embodiment, OVC group Two solenoid type OVC that part 820 is packaged together.In this embodiment, control device provides signal 866 and arrives OVC component 820 causes component offer high pressure (in embodiments, at least 2 bars of oil pressure) or low pressure is (in embodiments, 0.2-0.4 bars) oil is to oil pressure cntrol channel (gallery) 802,803, so that switching rocker arm 100 is in low lift or high lift mould Formula, it is as shown in FIG. 8 and 9 respectively.This 820 embodiment of OCV component is further described comprising in the following paragraphs.

2.2 pairs of supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA)

The presence of some hydraulic lash regulating devices is to keep the gap in engine.Rocker arm is switched for DVVL 100 (Fig. 4) need traditional gap management, but tradition HLA device deficiency is to provide necessary oil stream demand for switching, be subjected to The associated side applied during operation by component 100 loads and is assembled to restricted packaging space.Describe it is a kind of with Compact double supplies hydraulic lash adjuster (DFHLA) that switching rocker arm 100 is used together, it has low consumed excellent to provide The series of parameters and shape of carburetion flowing pressure and series of parameters and shape to manage side loads.

As shown in Figure 10, ball plunger end 601 is assemblied in ball seat 502, which allows to rotate freely in all directions. This allows the side at ball plunger end 601 and possible asymmetric load in certain operational modes, such as when from high lift to low When lift switches or vice versa.Compared with the typical ball end plug for HLA device, DFHLA110 ball plunger end 601 is by more Thin material is constructed to be subjected to side loads, and plunger thickness 510 is shown in Figure 11.

The material selected for ball plunger end 601 can also have higher kinetic stress load allowable, such as chrome alum alloy.

Hydraulic flow path in DFHLA110 is designed as high flowing and low pressure drop, to ensure constant hydraulic switching and reduction Pumping loss.As shown in Figure 11, the cylinder for being dimensioned to outer sealing surface 511 of DFHLA installation within the engine holds It receives in seat.Cylinder containing seat combines the first oil flow channel 504 to form the closed fluid path with particular cross section region.

As shown in Figure 11, preferred embodiment includes four oil stream mouths 506 (only showing two), they are with equidistant side Formula is arranged around the base portion of the first oil flow channel 504.In addition, two the second oil flow channels 508 surround goalpost in a manner of equidistant It fills in end 601 to arrange, and the first oil flow channel 504 is in fluid communication by oil stream mouth 506.Oil stream mouth 506 and the first oil flow channel 504 are dimensioned to specific region (area), and separate around the body portion of DFHLA110, to ensure from the first oil stream The uniform oil liquid of channel 504 to third oil flow channel 509 flows and minimizes pressure drop.The size of third oil flow channel 509 It is designed to combine the oil stream from multiple second oil flow channels 508.

2.3 diamond like carbon coating (DLCC)

A kind of diamond like carbon coating (DLCC) coating is described, which can reduce the friction between processed part, And at the same time providing necessary wear-resisting and load characteristic.Coating material as known class and method are used together when with VVA system When they are all insufficient for some demands.For example, 1) enough hardness, 2) there is suitable load bearing capacity, 3) it is transporting Chemical stabilization in row environment, 4) be no more than in the technique of component annealing temperature applied to temperature, 5) meet engine life demand, With 6) provide reduced friction compared to the steel on steel interface.

A kind of unique DLC coating process meeting the demand is described.The DLC coating of selection come from containing hydrogen amorphous or Similar material.DLC coating includes several layers shown in Figure 12.

1. first layer is chromium adhesive layer 701, it is as the bonding agent between metal receiving surface 700 and next layer 702.

2. the second layer 702 is chromium nitride, its interface between parent metal receiving surface 700 and DLC coating is increased Ductility.

3. third layer 703 is chromium carbide and containing hydrogen amorphous combination, it makes DLC coating be integrated to chromium nitride layer 702.

4. the 4th layer 704 includes containing hydrogen amorphous, its offer hard function wear interface.

The combination thickness of layer 701-704 is between 2-6 micrometers.DLC coating cannot be applied directly to metal receiving surface 700.In order to meet durability demand and in order to which the first chromium adhesive layer 701 is suitably attached to metal receiving surface 700, Xiang Jiti Receiving surface 700 mechanically applies very special surface finish (polishing).

2.4 inductions and measurement

The information collection carried out using sensor can be used to verify switch mode, identification error condition or provide and be analyzed And it is used for the information of switch logic and timing.The some sensing devices that can be used are described below.

2.4.1 double supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA) are mobile

Variable valve actuator (VVA) Technology design is to be switched during engine operation using switching device such as DVVL Rocker arm or cylinder deactivation (CDA) rocker arm change valve lift curve.When using these devices, the state of valve stroke is to confirm successfully Handover operation or detection error condition/failure important information.

Gap is managed in the VVA system for using switching rocker arm assembly such as DCA or DVVL using DFHLA and is supplied for switching To hydraulic flowing liquid.As shown in cross section in figure 10, to the adjustment of the normal gap of DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 (be described in detail with In lower paragraph) make ball plunger 601 keep contacting with 122 containing seat of inner arm during high lift and low lift operation.Goalpost Plug 601 is designed as moving as needed when being supported on and changing between high lift state and low lift condition.In Figure 13 with it is known The measurement result 514 of the movement of operating status comparison can determine interstitial site state.In one embodiment, non-contact to open 513 are closed between HLA ectosome portion and ball plunger cylindrical body portion.Second example may include hall effect sensor, the Hall Effect sensor is mounted to allow to measure the changes of magnetic field generated by certain movements 514.

2.4.2 valve stem is mobile

Variable valve actuator (VVA) Technology design is to be switched during engine operation using switching device such as DVVL Rocker arm changes valve lift curve.The state of valve stroke is the successful handover operation of confirmation or detection error condition/failure Important information.In order to which valve stem position and relative movement sensor can be used in this function.

The state of monitoring VVA switching is shown in Figure 14,14A and determines whether an embodiment party of switch failure Formula.The one aspect instructed according to the present invention, linear variable differential converter (LVDT) type converter can be by the mechanical couplings of its institute The linear motion of the valve 872 connect is converted to corresponding electric signal.LVDT linear position sensor is easy to get, it can measure small To a few millionths inch to several inches of movement.

Figure 14 A shows the component for the typical LVDT being mounted in valve stem guiding piece 871.LVDT internal structure includes primary Coil (winding) 899, the primary coil are between the secondary coil 897,898 of a pair of identical winding.In embodiments, line Circle 897,898,899 is wrapped in the hollow depression being formed in valve guide body portion 871, and the hollow depression is by thin segment 878, the first end wall 895 and the second end wall 896 define.In this embodiment, valve guide body portion 871 is fixed in position 's.

Referring now to Figure 14,14A and 14B, the moving element of the LVDT device is the tubulose rank of independent magnetically permeable material Iron, also referred to as core 873.In embodiments, core 873 is caused using any method appropriate and rapidoprint are for example iron 872 bar of valve.

Core 873 is free to move axially inside primary coil 899 and secondary coil 897,898, and is mechanically coupled to It is measured to the position of valve 872, the valve.Core 873 and valve guide 871 are not physically contacted in hole.

In operation, the primary coil 899 of LVDT is applied the alternating current of appropriate amplitude and frequency to energize, it is known that Primary excitation.Resulting magnetic flux is coupled to adjacent secondary coil 897 and 898 by core 873.

As shown in fig. 14 a, if core 873 is located at the midway between secondary coil 897,898, equal magnetic flux It is coupled to each secondary coil, keeps the voltage inducted in each coil 897,898 equal.In 873 position of benchmark midway core- It is known as zero point, difference voltage output substantially zero.

Core 873 is arranged to extend past the both ends of coil 899.As shown in Figure 14B, if 873 moving distance 870 of core So that closer to coil 897, then more magnetic flux are coupled to coil 897 and less magnetic flux is coupled to compared with coil 898 Coil 898, so as to cause the difference voltage being not zero.Measurement difference voltage can indicate the movement of valve 872 in this way Direction and position.

In the second embodiment shown in Figure 14 C and 14D, above-mentioned LVDT device passes through 898 (figure of the second coil of removal 14A) modify.After coil 898 removes, the voltage incuded in coil 897 will be relative to the end position 874 of core 873 Change.In the wherein known moving direction of valve 872 and the embodiment on opportunity, it is only necessary to which a secondary coil 897 is surveyed Measure amount of movement.As described above, a variety of method production and positioning can be used in 873 part of core of valve.For example, end position 874 welding can be reduced using the physics of diameter by Ni-based non-core material engagement to iron-based core material to position end Position 874 is to change the magnetic flux of specific position, or the blank of iron-based material can be inserted and be located at end position 874。

It is appreciated that LVDT sensor element in an example can be close to valve guide 871 according to disclosure Top positioning, to allow temperature dissipation under the point.And this position can be higher than the typical welding for valve stem production Point, weld seam can move or as described above.Core 873 is proportional to how much voltage of inducting relative to the position of secondary coil 897.

LVDT sensor it is above-mentioned using having the advantages that in engine operation, including 1) run without friction-just In being often used, there is no Mechanical Contact between the core 873 and coil block of LVDT.No friction also results in longer mechanical life. 2) core can be measured since LVDT is run in no friction structure with electromagnetic coupling principle close to unlimited resolution ratio- The little change of position, the resolution ratio of the noise being limited solely by LVDT signal conditioner and output display.This feature also results in Significant repeatability.3) material and constructing technology that environment robustness-is used to assemble LVDT generate steady, durable sensing Device, the sensor are suitable for different environmental conditions.Coil 897,898,899 can be encapsulated into valve with epoxy resin after engaging and draw In guiding element body portion 871, preferable moisture-proof and moisture resistance is generated, larger vibration load can be equally carried out and high vibration is horizontal.This Outside, which can seal with grease proofing and anticorrosion environment.4) zero point repeatability-is described previously, the zero point of LVDT Position is highly stable and repeats, even if in its very wide operating temperature range.5) fast dynamic response-is normal The response that the disappearance to rub during rule operation allows LVDT very fast is to change core position.The dynamic response of LVDT sensor is only It is limited to the smaller inertia effect as caused by core component quality.In most cases, the response of LVDT sensor-based system is by signal The feature of adjuster determines.6) absolutely output-LVDT is absolute output device, rather than increment output device.This means that In the case where the loss of energy, the position data exported from LVDT will not lose.When measuring system is restarted, the output valve of LVDT Meeting is as before occurring power cut-off.

Above-mentioned valve stem position sensor determines position of the valve stem during engine operation using LVDT type converter It sets.Sensor can be any of sensor technology, including hall effect sensor, can track valve stem position and will Monitor position report to the electronics of ECU, optically and mechanically sensor.

2.4.3 component locations/movement

Variable valve actuation (VVA) Technology design is to be shaken during engine operation using switching device such as DVVL switching Arm changes valve lift curve.The position of building block in the also changeable VVA component of the variation of switching state, the position be Absolute position or relative position in component.The shape to monitor VVA switching can be measured with design and implementation change in location State, and possibly determine whether there is switch failure.

Referring now to Figure 15-16, example DVVL switching rocker arm assembly 100 is it is so structured that have for measuring opposite shifting The accurate non-contact sensor 828 of dynamic, movement or distance.

In one embodiment, movable sensor 828 is close to first end 101 (Figure 15), so as to for high lift or low Lift mode assesses movement of the outer arm 120 relative to known location.In this embodiment, movable sensor 828 includes surrounding The coil of permanent magnetism core, and position and be oriented the variation by measuring the magnetic flux when iron material is by its known magnetic field come Detection movement.For example, magnetic flux is close when permanent magnetic field of the outer arm tie-rod 875 of magnetic (iron material) by position sensor 828 Degree is adjusted, including in coil induct AC voltage and to tie-rod 875 close to proportional electricity output.It is defeated to adjust voltage Enter to control unit of engine (ECU) and (described in following paragraphs), wherein processor using logic and calculates starting rocker arm assembly 10 handover operations.In embodiments, voltage output can be binary, i.e., voltage signal be not present or to there is instruction high Lift or low lift.

It can be seen that position sensor 828 can be placed into the movement of other component in measurement rocker arm assembly 100.? In two embodiments, sensor 828 can be placed in the second end 103 of DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 (Figure 15) to assess 122 phase of inner arm For the position of outer arm 120.

Third embodiment can place sensor 828 directly to assess the position of latch 200 in DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 It sets.Latch 200 and sensor 828 can when being in clamping lock state (high lift mode) relative to being engaged with each other and fix, and It is separated in non-clamping lock (low lift) operation.

Inductive pick-up can also be used to detect movement.Sensor 877 can be hall effect sensor, sensor peace Dressing up allows to measure mobile or does not move, for example, valve stem 112 movement or do not move.

2.4.4 pressure characteristic

Variable valve actuation (VVA) Technology design is to be shaken during engine operation using switching device such as DVVL switching Arm changes valve lift curve.Since latch mode is that the important input-of the ECU ECU can make it execute different function examples Fuel/air mixing is such as adjusted increasing oil consumption mileage, reducing pollution or adjusting idling and quick-fried vibration, so needing to correctly control It is used to confirm successful handover operation or detects the measuring device or system of erroneous condition or failure.In some cases, it is Regulation is abided by, switching state is needed to report and error notification.

In the embodiment for including hydraulic actuation DVVL system 800-as shown in Figure 6, the change of switching state provides Distinguishing hydraulic cutting change of current body pressure characteristic.Due to needing Fluid pressure to generate the necessary hydraulic stiffness for starting switching, and And since hydraulic fluid is limited by specific channel and chamber geometry, it can be used for determination clamping lock expectablely so generating Or the Characteristic pressures feature of non-clamping lock state or switch failure.Some measurement pressure can be described and by measurement result and known and can The embodiment that the operating parameter of receiving compares.It can be by checking Fluid pressure or the lasting number of assessment on several switching cycles Millisecond single handover event and macroscopic aspect analyze pressure measurements.

Referring now to Fig. 6,7 and 17, example chart (Figure 17) is shown when switching rocker arm 100 is with high lift or low lift operation And when switching between high lift and low lift, the valve lift height variation 882 of cylinder 1 at any time.It is for hydraulic switching The corresponding data of system is shown as same time ratio (Figure 17), including use pressure converter 890 to measure upper channel 802,803 in Oil pressure 880, and the electric current 881 for opening and closing solenoid valve 822,823 in OVC component 820.It can be seen that this The analysis level of macroscopic aspect is clearly shown stateful in institute between OCV switching electric current 881, control pressure 880 and lift 882 Correlation during operation.For example, in the time 0.1, OCV is commanded switching, as shown in the electric current 881 increased.When OCV switches When, the control pressure 880 of increase causes high lift to low lift handover event.When on one or more complete switching cycles When evaluation operation, it can be commented including OCV and for the appropriate operation of the subsystem of the pressurized fluid transportation system of rocker arm assembly 100 Estimate.The mobile determination to enhance switch failure of for example above-mentioned valve stem of other independent measurement results can be used.It can be seen that these Analysis can be executed for the OCV of any amount of air inlet for controlling one or more cylinders and/or exhaust valve.

Using similar approach, but use the data for measuring and analyzing on Microsecond grade during switching, it is possible to provide enough Detailed control pressure information (Figure 17 A, 17B) is successfully switched with independent evaluations or switch failure, without directly measuring valve Lift or latch pin are mobile, in the embodiment using this method, develop by comparing measurement pressure transient and dduring test Known operating status pressure transient determine switching state, and be stored in ECU for analyzing.Figure 17 A and 17B, which are shown, to be used for It generates in DVVL system for switching the example test data of the known operating pressure transient state of rocker arm.

Test macro include four as shown in Figure 3 switching rocker arm assembly 100, OCV component 820 (Fig. 3), two oil Press control channel 802,803 (Fig. 6-7) and to control the temperature and pressure of hydraulic actuating fluid in control channel 802,803 Closed-loop system.Each control channel provides hydraulic fluid with the pressure of rule to control two rocker arm assemblies 100.Figure 17 A Effective single test run when OCV solenoid valve is powered to start the switching from high lift to low lift condition is shown to show Data.Latch is mobile 1003, the pressure 880 in control channel 802,803, OCV electric current 881, liquid to measure for installation measuring instrument Fluid is pressed to supply the pressure 1001 in 804 (Fig. 6-7) and latch gap and cam clearance.The sequence of event is as described below:

The switching of 0ms-ECU firing current 881 to OCV solenoid valve to be powered.

10ms- is enough to the solenoidal switching electric current 881 of OCV by the pressure in control channel as shown in pressure curve 880 Power adjusting is got higher.

10-13ms- with hydraulic fluid from supply 804 (Fig. 6-7) inflows on control channel 802,803, supply pressure Curve 1001 is reduced to the pressure adjusted by OCV or less.In response, pressure 880 quickly increases in control channel 802,803 Add.As shown in latch pin moving curve 1003, latch pin starts to move.

13-15ms- supply pressure curve 1001 when fluid stable, which returns to, stablizes non-adjustment state.Control channel 802, Pressure 880 in 803 increases to the higher pressure adjusted by OCV.

15-20ms- is being controlled when pressurized hydraulic fluid pushes the complete return of latch (latch pin moving curve 1002) 880 increases of pressure/reduction transient state is generated in channel 802,803, and flow of pressurized and pressure are stablized in the case where OCV does not adjust pressure. Pressure spike 1003 is the feature of this transient state.

It may refer to pressure curve 880 in the specified pressure transient state of 12ms and 17ms, the pressure curve and latch position 1002 suddenly change is overlapped.

Figure 17 B shows effective single when OCV solenoid valve power loss is switched with starting from low lift to high lift state Test run shows data.The sequence of event is as described below:

0ms-ECU closes electric current 881 so that OCV solenoid valve power loss.

5ms-OCV solenoid is mobile enough far to cause adjusted lower pressure, and hydraulic fluid enters control channel 802, (pressure curve 880) in 803.

For 5-7ms- when OCV is adjusted to lower pressure, the pressure in pressure channel 802,803 is as shown in curve 880 Quickly reduce.

When being overlapped with low pressure point 1005, lower pressure starts latch and moves 7-12ms- in pressure channel 802,803 It is dynamic, as shown in latch moving curve 1002.When hydraulic in late spring 230 (Figure 19) compression and mobile latch engaging space 880 transient state of pressure curve is started when fluid.

12-15ms- is reintroduced back to when being completed by the latch pin shown in latch pin moving curve 1002 is mobile such as pressure Pressure transient shown in curve 880.

Pressure in 15-30ms- control channel 802,803 is stablized in the case where OCV adjusts pressure, such as 880 institute of pressure curve Show.

As described above, can find out from pressure curve 880 in 7-10ms and 13-20ms specified pressure transient state, this with The suddenly change of latch position 1002 is consistent.

As above and described in following paragraphs, hydraulic channel, hole, gap and chamber fixed geometry configuration and door bolt The rigidity of lock spring is variable, this and the hydraulic response and mechanical switch speed phase for changing hydraulic flowing pressure adjusted It closes.Pressure curve 880 in Figure 17 A and 17B describes a kind of DVVL switching rocker arm system run within an acceptable range.? In operation, the special speed (slope of curve) that pressure increases or reduces is that the appropriate operation characterized by the time of above-mentioned event is special Sign.The example of erroneous condition includes: that the time shifting of pressure events shows the slow deterioration of latch response time, and speed occurs for event The variation (pressure curve slope variation) of rate or the entire reduction of pressure events amplitude.For example, being lower than in the 15-20ms period Expecting pressure, which increases, indicates that latch is not fully retracted, and may cause critical transformation.

Test data in these embodiments is with the oil pressure of 50psi and 70 degrees Celsius of fuel temperature measurement.Different running environment In a series of tests the database of indicatrix can be provided, so as to by ECU for switch diagnosis.

It is described below using pressure measurements and diagnoses the additional embodiment of switching state.As shown in Figure 3 DFHLA110 is for not only managing gap but also supplying hydraulic fluid, and the hydraulic fluid is for activating using switching rocker arm assembly for example The VVA system of CDA or DVVL.As shown in the sectional view of Figure 52, the normal gap for DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 is adjusted so that ball Plunger 601 keeps contacting with the containing seat of interior arm component 622 during high lift and low lift operation.Start when being fully assembled at When in machine, DFHLA110 is in fixed position, while inner rocker arm component 622 has the rotary motion for surrounding bulb contact point 611. When switching between high lift and low lift condition, the rotary motion of inner rocker arm component 622 and ball plunger load 615 are in size Upper variation.Ball plunger 601 is designed as the compensation movement when load and mobile variation.

Instantly when control channel 805 is connected to lower mouth 512 and chamber 905 (Figure 11), by the flow of pressurized in the lower control channel Body pressure provides the balancing force for ball plunger load 615.As shown in figs. 6-7, in do not adjust the hydraulic fluid of pressure from Engine cylinder cap is passed through in lower control channel 805.

In embodiments, pressure converter is placed in hydraulic channel 805, which supplies the gap of DFHLA110 Regulator element.Pressure converter can be used for monitoring that the transient pressure in hydraulic channel 805 changes, which works as from height Lift condition changes to low lift condition or supplies slack adjuster when changing from low lift condition to high lift state.By working as Pressure characteristic is monitored when being switched to another mode from one mode, it can be when variable valve actuation system is in any one position The system is detected when breaking down.Pressure characteristic curve-is illustrated as time-offer of the pressure relative to millisecond in embodiment Characteristic shape including amplitude, slope and/or other parameters.

For example, Figure 17 C shows chart of the intake valve lift profile curve 814,816 relative to the time of millisecond, in addition Chart of the hydraulic channel pressure curve 1005,1005 relative to same time ratio.Pressure curve 1006 and valve lift profile Curve 816 corresponds to low lift condition, and pressure curve 1005 and valve lift profile curve 814 correspond to high lift shape State.

During steady state operation, pressure characteristic curve 1005,1006 has there are periodic characteristics when DFHLA is mended Caused unique peak value 1007,1008 when alternately ball plunger load 615 is repaid, the alternately ball plunger load is when cam pushes down on Shake arm component with compression valve spring (Fig. 3) and with valve spring extend valve stroke is provided to close valve when with And formed when cam is on the basic circle that no lift generates.As shown in Figure 17 C, transient pressure peak value 1006,1007 is distinguished Vertex corresponding to low lift and both high lift 816,814.When hydraulic system pressure is stablized, it is bent to restore steady state pressure feature Line 1005,1006.

As above and described in following paragraphs, DFHLA hydraulic channel, hole, gap and chamber fixed geometry configuration Be it is variable, this to for giving hydraulic fluid pressure and temperature hydraulic response and pressure transient it is related.Pressure in Figure 17 C Indicatrix 1005,1006 describes a kind of DVVL switching rocker arm system run within an acceptable range.In operation, pressure Certain rates (slope of curve), vertex pressure value and the vertex pressure increased or reduced is equally relative to the time of maximum lift The feature suitably operated characterized by the time of handover event.The example of erroneous condition may include the when meta position of pressure events It moves, the variation (pressure curve slope variation) of event occurrence rate, unexpected undesirable pressure transient or pressure events amplitude Entire reduction.

A series of tests in different running environment can provide the data for being used to switch the indicatrix of diagnosis by ECU Library.One or several values of pressure can be used based on system configuration and vehicle instruction.The pressure trajectories monitored can be with mark Standard gauge mark compares to determine when that system breaks down.

3. switching control and logic

3.1 engines are implemented

DVVL hydraulic fluid system is described below, which conveys engine oil to shown in Fig. 4 with controlled pressure DVVL switches rocker arm 100, on the mountable intake valve in four in model II valve mechanism of the system.It is replacing For in property embodiment, which can be applied to times of piston driving internal combustion engine upper air or exhaust valve What is combined.

3.2 lead to the hydraulic fluid transportation system of rocker arm assembly

With reference to Fig. 3,6 and 7, hydraulic fluid system conveys engine to DVVL switching rocker arm 100 (Fig. 4) with controlled pressure Oil liquid.In this arrangement, the non-pressure from cylinder head 801 adjusts engine oil and is fed into feed path 805 under HLA.Such as Shown in Fig. 3, which is always in fluid communication with the lower supply inlet 512 of DFHLA, it is hydraulic normal for executing at this Gap adjustment.The non-pressure come from cylinder head 801 adjusts engine oil and is also fed to oil control valve assembly entrance 821.Such as Preceding described, the OCV component 820 for the DVVL embodiment includes the solenoid valve of two independent actuations, the solenoid valve tune Save the oil pressure from co-portal 821.The hydraulic fluid come from the control of OCV component 820 first outlet 822 is supplied on first Channel 802, the hydraulic fluid come from the second control mouth 823 are supplied to the second upper channel 803.First OCV is directed to one He of cylinder Two determine that lift mode, the 2nd OCV determine lift mode for cylinder three and four.It describes as shown in Figure 18 and in following paragraphs , the actuating of the valve in OCV component 820 is guided by control unit of engine 825, which uses such logic, this is patrolled Volume based on the information for detecting and storing for special physical configuration, switch window and operating condition group, for example, it is a certain number of Cylinder and specific oil temperature.The hydraulic fluid regulated by pressure come from upper channel 802,803 is introduced into DFHLA suitable for reading 506, Switching rocker arm assembly 100 is passed to by channel 509 at this.As shown in Figure 19, hydraulic fluid is logical by the first oil liquid The connection of road 144 switching rocker arm assembly 100, and latch pin assemblies 201 are connected to by the second oil passage 146, it is used at this Start the switching between high lift and low lift condition.

The air accumulated in upper channel 802,803 is removed to keep hydraulic stiffness and minimize to vibrate in pressure rise period It is critically important.Pressure rise time directly affect handover operation during latch traveling time.Passive type shown in Fig. 6 is put Port 832,833 is added to the high point in upper channel 802,803, and the cylinder head below valve cap is drained into the air that will build up on Air space.

3.2.1 it is conveyed for the hydraulic fluid of low lift mode

Referring now to Fig. 8, DVVL system is designed as in low lift mode from idle to 3500rpm.Rocker arm assembly 100 and three salient angle cam 102 sectional view show low lift operation.The main component of component shown in Fig. 8 and 19 includes interior Arm 122, roller bearing 128, outer arm 120, sliding block 130,132, latch 200, late spring 230, pivotal axis 118 and idle running torsion Spring (lost motion torsion spring) 134,136.Solenoid for low lift operation, in OCV component 820 When valve is powered, >=2.0 bars of the oil pressure that do not adjust is supplied to switching rocker arm assembly by 802,803 and DFHLA110 of control channel 100.The pressure causes latch 200 to retract, and unlocks inner arm 122 and outer arm 120, and allows them independently mobile.High lift is convex Wheel shaft salient angle 104,106 (Fig. 3) is kept in contact the sliding block 130,132 on outer arm 120.This commonly referred to as dallies.Due to low lift Cam profile 816 (Fig. 5) is used for early stage valve-closing, and switching rocker arm assembly 100 is necessarily designed to absorb from high-lift cam axis Salient angle 104,106 (Fig. 3) and come everything.The power come from idle running torque spring 134,136 (Figure 15) ensures outer arm 120 It is kept in contact with high lift lobe 104,106 (Fig. 3).Roller bearing on low lift lobe 108 (Fig. 3) contact inner arm 122 128, it is opened in each low lift early stage valve-closing molded line 816 (Fig. 5) valve.

3.2.2 it is conveyed for the hydraulic fluid of high lift mode

Referring to Fig. 9, DVVL system is designed as in high lift mode running from idling to 7300rpm.100 He of rocker arm assembly The sectional view of three salient angle cams 102 shows high lift operation.The main component of component is shown in Fig. 9 and 19, including inner arm 122, roller bearing 128, outer arm 120, sliding block 130,132, latch 200, late spring 230, pivotal axis 118 and idle running torsion bullet Spring 134,136.

Solenoid valve power loss in OCV component 820 is with being capable of high lift operation.Late spring 230 stretches out latch 200, Locking inner arm 122 and outer arm 120.The similar fixed rocker arm of the arm being blocked works.Symmetrical 104,106 (figure of high lift lobe 3) sliding block 130 (132 are not shown) on outer arm 120 is contacted, rotates inner arm 122 around DFHLA100 ball end 601, and every A both high lift 814 (Fig. 5) opens valve 112 (Fig. 4).During this period of time, the adjusted oil pressure from 0.2-0.4 bars is passed through It crosses control channel 802,803 and is supplied to switching rocker arm 100.Maintaining 0.2-0.4 bars of oil pressure keeps oil passage to be full of but not Retract latch 200.

In high lift mode, double functions of physical supply of DFHLA are suitable under maximum engine speed to valve mechanism is ensured When backlash compensation is important.Lower channel 805 in Fig. 9 makes cylinder head oil pressure be communicated to lower DFHLA mouth 512 (Figure 11).DFHLA Low portion be configured as normal fluid pressure rocker compensating gear.DFHLA110 mechanism is designed to ensure that hydraulic with pressure enough Power, to avoid inflating and being maintained under all engine speeds full of oil liquid.Hydraulic stiffness and appropriate are kept within the system Valve function.

The table of Figure 20 outlines the pressure state in high lift and low lift mode.It also shows from rocker arm assembly and switches Hydraulic pressure separating of the function to DFHLA normal clearance compensation function.The engine quilt in high lift mode (latch is stretched out and engaged) It starts, since this is default mode.

3.3 operating parameter

The key factor run in DVVL system is the reliable control switched from high lift mode to low lift mode. DVVL valve actuation system can only switch between modes within the time of predetermined window.As described above, from high lift mode To the switching of low lift mode and inverse operation by the signal from the control unit of engine (ECU) 825 (Figure 18) for using logic It starts, the information of logic analysis storage, such as the switch window for specific physical configuration, storage service condition and by sensing The processing data that device is collected.Switch window duration by DVVL system physical configuration determine, including number of cylinders, by single OCV In the number of cylinders of control, cylinder lift duration, engine speed and hydraulic control and mechanical system when the response of intrinsic latch Between.

3.3.1 the data collected

Real time sensor information includes the input from any amount sensor, example DVVL system as shown in FIG. 6 800.Sensor may include 1) valve stem displacement 829, it is as described above to use linear variable in one embodiment Differential converter (LVDT) measurement, 2) use hall effect sensor or movement/position 828 and the latch position of motion detector 827,3) using the DFHLA displacement 826,4 close to switch, hall effect sensor or other devices) oil pressure 830,5) oil temperature 890.Camshaft rotation position and speed can be collected directly or be inferred from engine speed sensor.

In the VVA system of hydraulic actuation, oil temperature influences the rigidity of the hydraulic system for switching in systems, such as CDA and VVL.If oil temperature is subcooled, its viscosity slows down switching time, leads to failure.This relationship is directed in Figure 21-22 to be shown Example DVVL switching rocker arm system is shown.Accurate oil temperature provides most accurate information, which is derived from sensor shown in Fig. 6 890, the sensor close to point of use rather than engine oil crankcase.In one embodiment, in VVA system in oil pressure The oil temperature that control valve (OCV) nearby monitors has to be larger than or is equal to 20 degrees Celsius, to start low liter with the hydraulic stiffness of needs Journey (non-clamping lock) operation.Measurement result can be derived from any amount of commercially available component, such as thermocouple.Oil pressure control Valve processed is on the April 15th, 2010 of U.S. Patent Application Publication US2010/0089347 and disclosed on January 28th, 2010 It is further described in US2010/0018482, the two documents are in this as a whole incorporated by reference.

Sensor information is sent to control unit of engine (ECU) 825 using as real time execution parameter (Figure 18).

3.3.2 the information of storage

3.3.2.1 switch window algorithm

Mechanical switch window:

The shape of each salient angle of three salient angle cams shown in Fig. 4 include no lift generate base circle portion 605,607, 609, for the transition portion of the generation mechanical clearance before lift events, and the lift part for keeping valve 112 mobile.For peace Example DVVL in system 800 (Fig. 6) switches rocker arm 100, when the load for not preventing it to move on latch, high lift During switching between low lift can occur over just basic circle operation.The mechanism is further described in the following paragraphs.Base Circle operation illustrates in Fig. 5 without lift part 863.DVVL system 800 is 20 DEG C or more with 3500 engines in oil temperature Speed within rpm switches in single cam axle.Switching except timing window or predetermined oil liquid condition may be led Critical change event is caused, which is when the load on valve actuator switching part or engine valve is designed higher than structure Switching ability to bear when, engine cycle certain point when engine valve position transformation.Critical change event may Lead to valve mechanism and/or the damage of other engine components.Switch window can be further defined as changing in control channel In pressure and duration from camshaft crankangle required when reaching the mobile latch in retracted position and inverse operation.

As previously described and shown in Fig. 7, DVVL system has single OCV component 820, which includes two independent controls Solenoid valve.First valve controls 802 pressure of the first upper channel and determines lift mode for cylinder one and two.Second valve control second 803 pressure of upper channel and for cylinder three and four determine lift mode.Figure 23 is (2-1-3-4) relative to cylinder starting sequence is used for In-line four camshaft angle show for this OCV component 820 (Fig. 3) configuration intake valve timing (rise Cheng Shunxu).Cylinder 2 851, cylinder 1, cylinder 3 853 and cylinder 4 854 high lift intake valve molded line pushed up in diagram Portion is shown as the ratio of lift and degree in crank angle.The valve stroke time of corresponding cylinder is plotted in lower part as lift time zone 855, the ratio of 856,867 and 858 lifts and degree in crank angle.It is also shown for individual cylinder without lift basic circle operation area 863. Aforementioned switch window must determine to move latch in a cam axle, wherein each OCV is configured to a secondary control two A cylinder.

Mechanical switch window can be optimised by being familiar with and improving latch movement.Referring to Figure 24-25, switch rocker arm assembly 100 machine configurations provide two different situations for allowing to increase effective switch window.Referred to as the first of high lift latch limitation Situation occurs in high lift mode when by the load to open the application of valve 112 that 200 locking of latch is in place.Referred to as Second situation of low lift latch limitation prevents latch 200 from extending to the low lift of 120 or less Shi Wei clamping lock of outer arm when outer arm 120 Occur in mode.These situations are described as follows:

The limitation of high lift latch:

Figure 24 shows the high lift event that wherein latch 200 engages outer arm 120.It is applied when valve overcomes by valve spring 114 The power that adds and when opening, power is transmitted to outer arm 120 from inner arm 122 by latch 200.When 114 power of spring is transmitted by latch, door bolt Lock 200 becomes being locked in extended position.In this case, when attempting to be switched to low lift mode from high lift mode, by The hydraulic pressure that switching OCV applies is not enough to overcome the power of locking latch 200, to prevent the latch from retracting.Such case is logical Crossing before basic circle 863 (Figure 23) operation that high lift event terminates and unload latch 200 starts allows to apply pressure to expand Total switch window.When power discharges on latch 200, handover event can be immediately begun to.

Low lift latch limitation:

Figure 25 shows the low lift operation that wherein latch 200 is retracted into low lift mode.In the lift part of event, Outer arm 120 prevents latch 200, prevents its stretching, even if OCV switches, hydraulic fluid pressure is reduced to return to high lift clamping lock shape State.This situation is expanded by allowing to release stress before high lift event terminates to start with basic circle 863 (Figure 23) operation Total switch window.Once reaching basic circle, late spring 230 can be such that latch 200 extends.By being released stress before basic circle To increase total switch window.When camshaft rotates to basic circle, switching can be immediately begun to.

Figure 26 describes information same as shown in Figure 23, but has also been superimposed the transition period between low lift and high lift state Mechanical switch process completes the time that each step needs.These steps represent mechanical switch intrinsic in switching rocker arm assembly Element.As shown in figure 23, the starting sequence of engine is shown in top and corresponds to referring to cylinder two along intake valve molded line 851,852,853,854 degree in crank angle.When admission cam salient angle is on basic circle 863, latch 200 (must be claimed by movement For mechanical switch window).Due to solenoid valve each in OCV component 820 control two cylinders, switch window must timing with Receive two cylinders when on their basic circle.Cylinder two returns to basic circle in 285 crank angle degrees.It is latched in next liter of cylinder two Passing through 690 degree in crank angle before journey must complete to move.Similar, cylinder one returns to basic circle at 465 degree and must be by 150 Degree completes switching.It can be seen that the switch window of cylinder one and two is slightly different.It can be seen that the first OCV electricity trigger is in gas Switching is started before one air inlet lift events of cylinder, the 2nd OCV electricity trigger starts before four air inlet lift events of cylinder.

Worst case analysis is carried out to be defined in Figure 26 maximum switch speed as the switching time of 3500rpm.Pay attention to hair Motivation can be run under higher 7300rpm speed, however, not allowing pattern switching in 3500rpm or more.Cylinder two it is total Switch window is 26 milliseconds, and is divided into two parts: 7 milliseconds of high lifts/low lift latch limitation time 861 and 19 millisecond machine Tool switching time 864.10 milliseconds of mechanical response times 862 are consistent all cylinders.15 milliseconds of latch limitation times 861 are right Too long for cylinder one, because OCV switching is started in the air inlet lift events of cylinder one, and latch is moved by limitation.

Some mechanically and hydraulically restraining factors must be appropriate for meet total switch window.First of all, it is necessary to avoid by next Critical transitions 860 caused by the switching unfinished before starting of a air inlet lift events.Secondly, test data is shown, minimum The maximum switching time of mobile latch is 10 milliseconds at 20 DEG C of limit engine oil temperature.As shown in figure 26,19 milliseconds can be used for Mechanical switch 864 on basic circle.Since all test datas all show that switching mechanical response 862 can occur in first 10 milliseconds, All 19 milliseconds of mechanical switch time 864 is not needed.Mechanically and hydraulically the combination of restraining factors defines 17 milliseconds the worst Situation switching time, it includes the latch limitation time 861 plus latch mechanical response time 862.

DVVL switching rocker arm system is designed as with nargin so as in 9 milliseconds of nargin completion switchings.In addition, 9 milliseconds of nargin It can permit the pattern switching under the speed higher than 3500rpm.When cylinder three and four corresponds to the identical switching of cylinder one and two Between, the difference is that the stage shown in Figure 26.Since the time holding changed since OCV is energized to control channel oil pressure can be pre- It surveys, although ECU can be calibrated easily to consider this variable, activates electric switching time needed for solenoid valve in OCV component It is not counted in current analysis.

Such as Fig. 4 and 25A, if camshaft rotation and the mobile timing of latch 200 with an edge load latch 200-its In it be only partially bonded on outer arm 120-timing it is consistent, then there may be critical conversions.Once high lift event starts, Latch 200 can be slided and is disengaged with outer arm 120.Upon such an occurrence, the inner arm accelerated by the power of valve spring 114 122 lead to the impact between roller bearing 128 and low lift cam lobes 108.Critical conversion is not expected to, because it Will lead to rocker arm assembly 100 and valve motion moment is out of control and impact to system.DDVL switches rocker design into satisfaction It is worth that the service life of critical switching occurs.

3.3.2.2 the operating parameter of storage

Operating parameter includes the information of storage, which control by ECU825 (Figure 18) for switch logic, and be based on The data collected during the extension test of lower paragraph description.Some examples of known operation data are described: in embodiment, 1) from High lift state needs 20 degrees Celsius of minimum oil temperature to the switching of low lift condition, 2) the minimum oil pressure greater than 2 bars should exist In engine sump be used for handover operation, 3) latch response switching time according to fig. 2 1-22 drawing data change with oil temperature, 4) It is as shown in figure 17 and described previously, it is contemplated that pressure change occurs in (the figure of upper channel 802,803 as caused by hydraulic switching operation 6) determined in and by pressure sensor 890,5) it is as shown in Figure 5 and described previously, relative to degree in crank angle (time) and based on liter The known valve movement of journey molded line 814,816 can be predetermined and store.

3.3 control logic

As it appears from the above, during the small predetermined window time that DVVL switching can occur over just under certain operating conditions, just When window except switching DVVL system may cause critical change event, which can lead to valve mechanism and/or other start Machine parts damages.Since engine condition such as oil pressure, temperature, discharge and load may quickly change, high speed processing can be used Device analyzes real time status, they and known operating parameter is relatively characterized work system, according to result to determine when to cut It changes, and sends switching signal.These operations per second can carry out hundreds of or thousands of times.In embodiments, this calculating function It can be carried out by application specific processor or by the existing multifunctional steam vehicle control of referred to as control unit of engine (ECU). Typical ECU has the input section for analog- and digital- data, including microprocessor, programmable storage and random access memory Processing section, and may include the deferent segment of relay, switch and warning lamp actuating.

In one embodiment, control unit of engine (ECU) 825 shown in Fig. 6 and 18 connects from multiple sensors Receive input, such as valve stem displacement 829, movement/position 828, latch position 827, DFHLA movement 826, oil pressure 830 and oil temperature 890.Running temperature and pressure (Figure 20) and switch window (Figure 26 and in other sections that such as given engine speed is allowed Described in) data storage in memory.The information of real-time collecting then with the information of storage compare and analyze so as to for ECU825 switches timing and control provides logic.

After input is analyzed, signal is controlled by ECU825 and is output to OCV820 to initialize handover operation, this can Meet engine performance target simultaneously with timing to avoid critical conversion, such as improves fuel economy and reduce discharge.If It needs, ECU825 also reminds driver's erroneous condition.

4.DVVL switches rocker arm assembly

4.1 component explanations

A kind of switching rocker arm is disclosed, it is hydraulically actuated by pressurized fluid and is used to engage cam.Outer arm and inner arm are matched Be set to transmission movement to internal combustion engine valve.Latch mechanism includes latch, casing and orientation member.Casing engages latch and inner arm In hole, and also provide opening for orientation member, the orientation member for latch relative to casing and inner arm for providing correctly Orientation.Casing, latch and inner arm have the reference marker for determining the optimal orientation of latch.

Example switching rocker arm 100 can be configured to three salient angle cams 10 as shown in Figure 4 together during operation.It can replace Generation, similar swing arms embodiment can be structured as designing with other cams of such as two salient angle cams and work together.Switching is shaken Arm 100 is with the mechanism for keeping hydraulic lash to adjust and for supplying structure together with hydraulic cutting change of current body to the mechanism of inner arm 122 It makes.In embodiments, double supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA) 110 execute two kinds of functions.Valve 112,114 and of spring Spring retainer 116 similarly configures together with component.Cam 102 has the first and second high lift lobes 104,106 and low Lift lobe 108.Switching rocker arm has outer arm 120 and inner arm 122, as shown in figure 27.During operation, high lift lobe 104, 106 contact outer arms 120, and low lift lobe contacts inner arm 122.Salient angle leads to the periodically downward fortune of outer arm 120 and inner arm 122 It is dynamic.Downward movement is transmitted to valve 112 by inner arm 122, to open valve.Rocker arm 100 is in high lift mode and low liter It can be switched between journey mode.In high lift mode, outer arm 120 snaps to inner arm 122.During engine operation, high lift is convex Angle periodically pushes down on outer arm 120.Since outer arm 120 snaps to inner arm 122, high lift movement is transmitted to from outer arm 120 Inner arm 122 and further arrive valve 112.When rocker arm 100 is in its low lift mode, outer arm 120 does not snap to inner arm 122, therefore the high lift movement presented by outer arm 120 is not transferred to inner arm 122.It replaces, low lift lobe contacts outer arm It 120 and generates and is transmitted to the low lift motion of valve 112.When unlocking from inner arm 122, outer arm 120 is pivoted around axis 118, But movement is not transmitted to valve 112.

Figure 27 shows the perspective view of example switching rocker arm 100.It is given only in an example to switch rocker arm 100, it will be understood that The configuration of the switching rocker arm 100 of disclosure theme be not limited in this figure shown in switch rocker arm 100 configuration.

As shown in Figure 27, switching rocker arm 100 includes the outer arm with the first outer webs 124 and the second outer webs 126 120.Inner arm 122 is placed between the first outer webs 124 and the second outer webs 126.Inner arm 122 and outer arm 120 are all mounted on pivot On axis 118, the pivotal axis is adjacent to the first end 101 of rocker arm 100, and inner arm 122 is fixed to outer arm 120 by it, while also in permission Arm 122 surrounds the rotary freedom of pivotal axis 118 relative to outer arm 120.In addition to having mounted on outer arm 120 and inner arm 122 Independent pivotal axis 118 illustrated embodiment outside, pivotal axis 118 can be a part of outer arm 120 or inner arm 122.

Rocker arm 100 shown in Figure 27 has roller bearing 128, which is configured to engage as the center of three salient angle cams Low lift lobe.It is convex that first and second sliding blocks 130,132 of outer arm 120 are configured to engage as the first and second high lifts shown in Fig. 4 Angle 104,106.First and second torque springs 134,136 functions are after being shifted by high lift lobe 104,106 to biased Outer arm 120.The rocker design provides spring excessive torque feature.

First and second overrun limiters 140,142 of outer arm prevent the overwind of torque spring 134,136, and limit Overstress on spring 134,136.When outer arm 120 reaches its maximum rotation in low lift mode, overrun limiter 140, 142 contact inner arm 122 on the first and second oil ducts 144,146.In the point, overrun limiter 140,142 and oil duct 144,146 Between interference prevent any of outer arm 120 be further rotated down.The top view of Figure 28 expression rocker arm 100.As shown in figure 28, Overrun limiter 140,142 is stretched out from 120 inward wall 122 of outer arm with Chong Die with the oil duct 144,146 of inner wall 122, is therefore ensured that Interference between overrun limiter 140,142 and oil duct 144,146.As shown in figure 29, this illustrate along 29-29 interception cut Face figure, the profile of the contact surface 143 of limiter 140 are designed to the cross sectional shape of matching oil duct 144.This limiter 140, 142 facilitate being evenly distributed for power when contacting with oil duct 144,146.

When outer arm 120 reaches its maximum rotation in low lift mode as described above, the latch being shown in FIG. 15 stops Part 90 prevents latch stretching and incorrect locking.This feature can be structured as the shape for as needed, being suitable for outer arm 120 Shape.

Figure 27 shows the perspective view as viewed from above rocker arm assembly 100, and there is shown with the realities instructed according to the application Apply the torque spring 134,136 of mode.Figure 28 is the plan view of the rocker arm assembly 100 of Figure 27.This design, which is shown, to be had The rocker arm assembly 100 of torque spring 134,136, torque spring 134,136 are respectively wound around axis 118.

Switching rocker arm assembly 100 must be sufficiently compact to be assemblied in limited engine space without sacrifice performance or resistance to Long property.Traditional torque spring of the circular metal silk winding of the torque demand of the design is met in some embodiments by its size In it is too wide and cannot be assemblied in the spring compartment 121 allowed between outer arm 120 and inner wall 122, as shown in figure 28.

4.2 torque spring

Torque spring 134,136 will now be described designs and manufactures technique, it forms the structural material system having by selecting At substantially rectangular wire compact design.

5,28,30A and 30B referring now to fig. 1, torque spring 134,136 are constructed by generally trapezoidal wire 397.It should Wire 397 is allowed to be deformed into rectangular shape when trapezoidal shape is designed as the applied force during coiling process.Torque spring 134,136 be wound after, generate wire shape can be described as be similar to substantially rectangular cross-section the first metal Silk 396.Two torque springs 134,136 embodiments are shown along the section of line 8 in Figure 28, are described as multiple lines in cross section Circle 398,399.In the preferred embodiment, wire 396 has rectangular cross sectional shape, it has, and there are two elongate sides, in this table It is shown as vertical side 402,404 and bottom 403.The vertical side 402 of the coil of wire and the average length of vertical side 403 and top 401 and bottom The average length ratio in portion 403 can be any value less than 1.This ratio is along 400 ratio of coil of wire axis of bending by diameter etc. Bigger rigidity is generated in the spring coil that the circular metal silk of 403 average length of the top of the coil of wire 398 401 and bottom is wound.? In alternative embodiment, cross section metal silk shape is the generally trapezoidal shape with larger top 401 and smaller bottom 403 Shape.

In this configuration, when the coil of wire is wound, the elongate sides of the elongate sides 402 of each coil of wire against the previous coil of wire 402, so that torque spring 134,136 be made to keep stablizing.Above-mentioned shape and setting keep all coils of wire in vertical position, prevent it Under stress when mutually cross or formed angle.

When rocker arm assembly 100 run when, substantially rectangular or trapezoidal torque spring 134,136-when they as Figure 30 A, When being bent shown in 30B and Figure 19 around axis 400-the high component stress of generation, the especially tensile stress in upper face 401.

To meet life requirement, the combination of material and technology is applied together.For example, torque spring 134,136 can be with It is made of the material for including chrome alum steel alloy, uses this design to improve intensity and durability.

Torque spring 134,136 can be heated and be quickly cooled down to be tempered the spring.It reduce residual stresses.

The surface of wire 396,397 used in manufacture torque spring 134,136, or " shot-peening processing are impacted with projectile (shot peening) " with by compressive residual stress be added wire 396,397 surface.Wire 396,397 is then rolled up At torque spring 134,136.Since they are processed by shot-peening, the torque spring 134,136 produced can be than by not sprayed The same spring of ball processing bears bigger tensile stress.

4.3 torque spring seats

Switching rocker arm assembly 100 can be sufficiently compact to be assemblied in limited start to surrounding structure with having minimum influence In machine space.

Switch rocker arm 100 and torque spring seat is provided, which has the holding formed by the adjacent component special Sign.

Referring to Figure 27,19,28 and 31, as shown in figure 31, the component of outer arm 120 and inner arm 122 forms spring base 119.It should Seat includes keeping feature 119 to the whole of the end of the torque spring 134,136 in Figure 19.

Torque spring 134,136 can be moved freely along the axis of pivotal axis 118.When fully assembled, on inner arm 122 The first and second lugs 405,406 keep the inner end 409,410 of torque spring 134,136 respectively.The first He on outer arm 120 Second overrun limiter 140,142 is assembled into the outer end 407,408 for preventing from rotating and keeping torque spring 134,136 respectively, Without excessive constraint or increase material and component.

4.4 outer arm

The design of outer arm 120 for expected specific load optimization during operation, and it to being applied by other devices or Torque and curved resistance from other directions may cause its deviation and goes out its specification.The example of inoperative load can be by Processing or machining cause.Clutch features or surface are building up in component, are designed as auxiliary clamp and holding when being ground sliding block Technique needs crucial step when sliding block holding member is fixed not to be deformed to keep parallel between sliding block.Figure 15 is shown separately The perspective view of one rocker arm 100.First clamping lug 150 protrudes below the first sliding block 130.Similarly, the second clamping is convex Ear (not shown) is located at below the second sliding block 132.In the fabrication process, it is connect during grinding sliding block 130,132 by fixture The tight lug 150 of co-clip.Active force, which is applied to, clamps lug 150, the power outer arm 120 is limited it is in place, just as shaking The assembled state of a part of arm component 100.Being ground these surfaces needs the holding of sliding block 130,132 to be parallel to each other and outer arm 120 is indeformable.The change that outer arm 120 is likely to occur in when other are clamped under setting is prevented clamping the clamping at lug 150 Shape.For example, facilitating elimination clamping clamping, preferably overall clamping to outer arm 120 at lug 150 and being squeezed mutually when clamping Any mechanical pressure that outer end arms 124,126 generates.In another embodiment, the position of lug 150 is clamped directly in sliding block 130, under 132, cause the torque generated on outer arm 120 by grinder contact force almost nil to minimum torque.Certain In, it may be necessary to which the other parts in outer arm 120 apply pressure, to minimize deformation.

4.5DVVL assembly operating

Figure 19 shows the exploded view of the switching rocker arm 100 of Figure 27 and 15.Referring to Fig.1 9 and 28, upon assembly, roller bearing 128 be a part of needle roll-type component 129, needle roll-type component 129 can have be mounted on roller bearing 128 and roller bearing 182 it Between needle 180.Roller bearing 182 is installed to inner arm 122 by roller bearing through-hole 183,184.

Roller assembly 129 is used to transmit the spinning movement of low lift cams 108 to inner rocker arm 122, and then transmission is dynamic Accomplish the valve 112 of non-clamping lock state.Pivotal axis 118 is installed to inner arm by collar 123 at the first end 101 of rocker arm 100 122 and by pivot shaft through-hole 160,162 be installed to outer arm 120.Outer arm 120 relative to inner arm 122 non-clamping lock state sky Turn to rotate about the generation of pivotal axis 118.Lost motion indicates outer arm 120 relative to inner arm 122 in non-clamping lock in this case The movement of state.The first and second high lift lobes of cam 102 are not transmitted in this movement to valve 112 in non-clamping lock state 104,106 spinning movement.

Other configurations in addition to roller assembly 129 and sliding block 130,132 also allow from 102 transfer operation of cam to rocker arm 100.For example, smooth not surface of revolution (not shown) such as sliding block 130,132 can be placed on inner arm 122 to engage low lift lobe 108, roller assembly can be installed to rocker arm 100 with from the outer arm 120 of high lift lobe 104,106 transfer operation to rocker arm 100.

Referring now to Fig. 4,19 and 12, as described above, exemplary switching rocker arm 100 uses three salient angle cams 102.

It is compact to design to make, make dynamic load as close to without rocker design is switched, is slided during HIGH lift mode operation Block 130,132 is used as surface to contact cam lobe 104,106.The friction that sliding block generates during operation is for example than other designs Roller bearing is more, the friction between the first shoe surface 130 and the first high lift lobe 104, in addition the second sliding block 132 and second Friction between high lift lobe 106, causes engine efficiency to lose.

When rocker arm assembly 100 is in high lift mode, the full load of valve opening event is applied to sliding block 130,132.When For rocker arm assembly 100 in low lift mode, valve opening event is applied to the load very little of sliding block 130,132, but exists.Example Switch rocker arm 100 packaging each sliding block 130,132 of constraint requirements as pass through shoe edge length 710,711 and cam lobe 104, the width of 106 contact descriptions is more narrower than most of existing sliding block interfaces.This causes than most of sliding block interfaces Higher component load and pressure.Friction causes to work as combination to the excessive wear of cam lobe 104,106 and sliding block 130,132 It may cause component premature failure when higher load.In exemplary switching rocker arm assembly, such as the painting of diamond-like coating Layer is on the sliding block 130,312 on outer arm 120.

Diamond-like coating (DLC) reduces the operation of exemplary switching rocker arm 100 by friction, and at the same time being shoe surface 130,132 necessary abrasion and load characteristic are provided.It can easily be seen that the advantages of DLC coating, can be applied to this component Or any part surface of other assemblies, such as the pivotal axis surface 160,162 on outer arm 120 shown in Figure 19.

Although they are all insufficient for the need of following DVVL rocker arm assembly there are similar coating material and technique Ask: 1) enough hardness, 2) there is suitable load bearing capacity, 3) chemical stabilization in running environment, 4) it is suitable for wherein Temperature is no more than the technique of the annealing temperature of outer arm 120, and 5) meet engine life demand and 6) compared with the steel on steel interface Reduced friction is provided.The DLC coating process of the foregoing description meets demand listed above, and be applied to shoe surface 130, 132, the shoe surface, which uses, is ground to shoe surface 130,132 for the emery wheel material and speed of DLC coating application research and development Final precision.Shoe surface 130,132 is equally polished to specific surface roughness, uses one of several technologies, example Such as steam honing or particle sandblasting.

4.5.1 hydraulic fluid system

Hydraulic latch for rocker arm assembly 100 must be configured to be assembled in tight space, meet the handoff response time Demand and the oily pumping loss of minimum.Oil liquid is guided along fluid path under controlled pressure, and starts door bolt to provide The mode of power needed for lock pin switches and speed applies controlled volume.Hydraulic channel needs specific gap and size, so as to be Uniting has the handoff response time of suitable hydraulic stiffness and generation.The design of hydraulic system must with include switching mechanism for example The other elements of biasing spring 230 cooperate.

In switching rocker arm 100, oil liquid is conveyed through array of fluid connecting chamber and reaches latch pin assemblies 201, Or any other hydraulic actuation latch pin mechanism.As described above, Hydraulic Power Transmission System is opened from the oil stream mouth 506 in DFHLA110 Begin, is introduced into this mouthful of oil liquid or other hydraulic fluids with controlled pressure.Usable switching device such as solenoid valve is adjusted Pressure.After leaving ball plunger end 601, oily or other pressurized fluids are directed through the of above-mentioned inner arm from the single position One oil passage 144 and the second oil passage 146, which, which has, presses when oil liquid is flowed through from ball seat 502 having a size of minimum The hole-of power decline as shown in Figure 10, reaches the latch pin assemblies 201 in Figure 19.

Latch pin assemblies 201 for inner arm 122 to be snapped to outer arm 120 are shown, in said embodiment in Figure 19 Close to the second end 103 of rocker arm assembly 100, which is shown as being included in high lift mould the latch pin assemblies 201 The latch pin 200 of outer arm 120 is stretched out and is fixed to inner arm 122 in formula.In low lift mode, latch 200 is retracted into inner arm In 122, allow the lost motion of outer arm 120.Oil pressure is used to control the movement of latch pin 200.

As shown in figure 32, an embodiment of latch pin assemblies is shown, oil passage 144,146 (shown in Figure 19) and chamber Room 250 is in fluid communication by oil liquid opening 280.

Depending on the needs of operational mode, oil liquid is supplied to oil liquid opening 280 and latch pin with a certain range of pressure Component 201.

Such as Figure 33 as can be seen that once pressurization oil liquid is introduced in chamber 250, latch 200 is retracted into hole 240, is permitted Perhaps outer arm 120 carries out idle running rotation relative to inner arm 122.Oil liquid can be between the first whole periphery 205 and surface 241 Transmission, from first chamber 250 to second chamber 420, as shown in figure 32.

Some oil liquid through holes 209 are vented back to engine, into inner arm 122.When biasing spring returns to the promotion of clamping lock When journey state, with the stretching, extension of the biasing spring 230, remaining oil liquid is pushed back by hydraulic path.It will be appreciated that similar stream Dynamic path can be used for the bias locking mechanism that normally non-clamping lock is run.

Pass through gap, the combination of the similar standard of tolerance, pore size, chamber size, spring design and control oil stream, latch The pin assemblies design management latch pin response time.For example, latch pin design may include some features, such as there is active hydraulic region Domain with run in the tolerance within the scope of given pressure double diameter pins, be designed as limitation oil pump loss sealing surface or oil inlet Chamfering.

Referring now to Figure 32-34, latch 200 includes that the design feature of multiple functions is provided in the confined space:

1, the use of latch 200 first substantially periphery 205 and second substantially periphery 206.First substantially cylinder table The diameter that face 205 has is bigger than the diameter of second substantially periphery 206.When pin 200 and casing 210 are assembled in hole 240 Together, chamber 250 is formed in the case where not using any additional component.It is noted that 280 stream of this space and oil liquid opening Body connection.In addition, the transmitted oil pressure-of region-combination of pressing surfaces 422 can be controlled to provide necessary power, so as to Make mobile pin 200, compression biasing spring 230 and is switched to low lift mode (non-clamping lock).

2, the first space substantially between periphery 205 and adjacent hole wall 241 flows into the second chamber from chamber 250 for making The oil liquid amount of room 420 minimizes.When oil liquid first substantially between periphery 205 and surface 241 from chamber 250 to the second chamber When room 420 conveys, the first gap substantially between periphery 205 and surface 241 must be controlled to allow pin 200 with being approached It moves freely, without oil liquid leakage and related oil liquid pumping loss.

3, packaging limitation requires the distance minimization of the mobile axis along pin 200.It is existing in some running environment Oil liquid sealing surface 424 may be not enough to control first substantially between periphery 205 and surface 241 from chamber 250 to second The flow for the oil liquid that chamber 420 conveys.A kind of annular seal surface is described.When latch 200 retracts, its rear surface at it 203 touching hole walls 208.In a preferred embodiment, the rear surface 203 of latch 200 has flat ring shape or sealing surfaces 207, which is approximately perpendicular to the first and second substantial cylindrical hole walls 241,242 and is parallel to hole wall 208.Flat ring shape table Face 207 forms against hole wall 208 and seals, and which reduce the oil liquid leakages by sealing from chamber 250, and the sealing is by latch 200 The first substantial cylindrical surface 205 and the first substantial cylindrical formation of hole wall 241.The area size of sealing surfaces 207 designs To make caused by the oil film between sealing surfaces 207 and hole wall 208 as shown in Figure 32 separation resistance minimum, at the same keep sealing with Prevent pressurization oil liquid from flowing simultaneously tap hole 209 between sealing surfaces 207 and hole wall 208.

4, in the embodiment of a latch pin 200, oil inlet surface 426, such as corner portion, initial press surface is provided Region starts and overcomes the separation resistance as caused by the oil film between pressing surfaces 422 and sleeve end 427 to allow to accelerate switching Power.The size and angle of corner portion make to switch it is easy in starting up, it is unexpected without the oil pressure variation due to occurring during normal operation It starts.In the embodiment of second latch pin 200, a series of castellations 428-be arranged radially as shown in figure 34- Initial press surface region is provided, being dimensioned to, which allows to accelerate switching, starts and overcome by pressing surfaces 422 and sleeve end Resistance is separated caused by oil film between 427.

Oil inlet surface 426 can also be by reducing the demand to disagglutinating action power between pressing surfaces 422 and sleeve end 427 To reduce switching required pressure and pumping loss.These relationships can be expressed as changing handoff response and the increment of pumping loss Into.

When oil liquid flows through previously described switching 100 hydraulic system of rocker arm assembly, oil pressure and oil stream passage zone (face Product) and length between relationship greatly limit reaction time of hydraulic system, this also directly affects the handoff response time.Example Such as, if high-voltage oil liquid at a high speed enters larger space, speed reduces at once, to reduce its hydraulic reaction time or strong Degree.These ranges for being used in particular for the relationship of operation switching rocker arm assembly 100 can calculate.A kind of relationship can for example retouch State as follows: the oil liquid of 2 bar pressures is supplied to chamber 250, and oil pressure-is pressurized surface region remove-to transmit one at the chamber A power, the power overcome 230 power of biasing spring, and start in 10 milliseconds from the switching for snapping to non-clamping lock operation.

The pumping loss for causing suitable hydraulic pressure strength and response time-wherein to minimize can be from the system design variables The range of the characteristic relation of calculating-can be defined below:

The internal diameter of oil passage 144,146 and from ball seat 502 to the length in hole 280

280 diameter of hole and length

The area of pressing surfaces 422

Volume of the chamber 250 in all operating statuses

Volume of the second chamber 420 in all operating statuses

The area of section generated by the space between the first substantial cylindrical surface 205 and surface 241

The length of sealing surface 424

The area of flat annular surface 207

The diameter in hole 209

The oil pressure supplied by DFHLA110

The rigidity of biasing spring 230

The area of section and length of flow channel 504,508,509

The area and quantity on oil inlet surface 426

The quantity and area of section of castellations 428.

The latch response time of hydraulic device is described for a certain range of item in switching rocker arm 100 described previously Part, such as:

Oil temperature: 10 DEG C to 120 DEG C

Oil liquid type: 5w-20weight

These conditions lead to a certain range of oil viscosity for influencing the latch response time.

4.5.2 latch pin mechanism

The latch pin mechanism 201 of rocker arm assembly 100 is provided from high lift to low lift and mechanical switch mode on the contrary.Door bolt Latch gear can be set to be generally in non-clamping lock or clamping lock state.Some preferred embodiments can be described.

In one embodiment, for by inner arm 122 snap to outer arm 120-can rocker arm 100 second end 103 it is attached Closely see-latch pin assemblies 201 be shown in FIG. 19, it includes latch pin 200, casing 210, positioning pin 220 and latch bullet Spring 230.Latch pin assemblies 201 are set as being mounted on the inside of inner arm 122 in hole 240.As described below, in assembled rocker arm In 100, latch 200 is stretched out in high lift mode, so that inner arm 122 is fixed to outer arm 120.In low lift mode, latch 200 It is retracted into inner arm 122, allows the lost motion of outer arm 120.As it was noted above, by the first and second oil passages 144, 146 provide switching oil pressure, with control latch 200 whether clamping lock.In 170 insertion access openings 172 of plug, to be formed close to first and the The compression seal of two oil passages 144,146 and them is allowed to flow through oil liquid to locking mechanism 201.

Figure 32 show along in Figure 28 line 32,33-32,33 the locking mechanism 201 in clamping lock state sectional view. Latch 200 is placed in hole 240.Latch 200 has spring eye 202, wherein insertion biasing spring 230.Latch 200 has rear surface 203 and front surface 204.Latch 200 also has the first substantial cylindrical surface 205 and second substantially cylindrical surface 206.First Substantial cylindrical surface 205 has the diameter bigger than second substantially cylindrical surface 206.Spring eye 202 and surface 205,206 are big It causes concentric.

Casing 210 has the substantial cylindrical outer surface 211 and one having a common boundary with the first substantial cylindrical hole wall 241 A substantial cylindrical inner surface 215.Hole 240 has the first substantial cylindrical hole wall 241 and diameter hole more substantial cylindrical than first The big second substantially cylindrical bore wall 242 of wall 241.The first of the substantial cylindrical outer surface 211 of casing 210 and latch 200 is big Cylindrical surface 205 is caused to engage the first substantial cylindrical hole wall 241 to form compression seal.In addition, the substantially cylinder of casing 210 Shape inner surface 215 also forms compression seal with the second substantially cylindrical surface 206 of latch 200.In operation, these sealings make Oil pressure is formed in chamber 250, which surrounds the second substantially cylindrical surface 206 of latch 200.

The default location-of latch 200 is shown in FIG. 32-and it is latched position.Spring 230 is fastened with a bolt or latch from the outside bias in hole 240 Lock 200 is into latched position.The oil pressure for being applied to chamber 250 retracts latch 200 and is allowed to be moved to non-latched position.Its His configuration is also possible, such as the bias latch 200 in non-latched position of spring 230, between hole wall 208 and rear surface 203 The application of oil pressure causes latch 200 to extend outward to clamping lock outer arm 120 from hole 240.

In clamping lock state, latch 200 makes the 214 engagement arm engagement surface 213 of latch surface of outer arm 120.As shown in figure 32, Outer arm 120 is prevented from moving down and by 200 actuation of latch to inner arm 122.Oriented feature 212 is using channel Form, positioning pin 221 is by the first pin opening 217 and then by the second pin opening 218 in casing 210 on the outside from inner wall 122 protrude into the channel.Positioning pin 221 is usually solid and smooth.Retainer 222 is secured in position pin 221.Positioning pin 221 Prevent latch 200 from excessively rotating in hole 240.

As it was noted above, and referring to Figure 33, once be introduced into pressurization oil liquid into chamber 250, latch 200 is just retracted into hole In 240, outer arm 120 is allowed to carry out idle running rotation relative to inner arm 122.Outer arm 120 is then no longer latched 200 preventions to moving down It is dynamic, and there is lost motion.Pressurization oil liquid introduces chamber 250 by oil liquid opening 280, oil liquid opening and oil passage 144,146 are in fluid communication.

Figure 35 A-35F shows some holding meanss for positioning pin 221.In Figure 35 A, pin 221 is that have uniformly thickness The cylinder of degree.The push-tight ring 910 as shown in Figure 35 C is arranged in the recess 224 on casing 210.221 insertion ring of pin In 910, leads to the deformation of tooth 912 and fixed pin 221 arrives ring 910.Then it is enclosed in recess 224 due to ring 910 by inner arm 122, Pin 22 is secured in place.In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 35 B, pin 221 has slot 902, and the tooth 912 of ring 910 is pressed into the slot It is interior ring 910 is fixed to pin 221.In another embodiment shown in Figure 35 D, pin 221 has slot 904, as shown in Figure 35 E E clip 914 or the arch E clip 914 as shown in Figure 35 F can be inserted in the slot, so as to relative to inner arm 122 by pin 221 are secured in position.In another embodiment, metallic coil is substituted for punching press ring.During assembly, E clip 914 are placed in recess 224, and are inserted at the point of inner arm 122 in casing 210, insert with rear positioning pin 221 across clip 910 Enter.

Exemplary latch 200 is shown in Figure 36.Latch 200 is roughly divided into head portion 290 and body part 292.Preceding table Face 204 is to stretch out convex surface.This surface shape extends towards outer arm 120 and increases the arm engagement surface 213 of latch 200 The chance suitably engaged with outer arm 120.Arm engagement surface 213 includes the surface of general planar.Arm engagement surface 213 is from having the First boundary 285 on two substantial cylindrical surfaces 206 extends to the second boundary 286 and prolongs from the boundary 287 with front surface Reach the boundary 233 with surface 232.Extend on the direction in the longitudinal axis A of latch 200 of arm engagement surface 213 from surface 232 Farthest part it is substantially equidistant between the first boundary 285 and the second boundary 286.On the contrary, arm engagement surface 213 is being fastened with a bolt or latch Extend nearest part generally within the first boundary 285 and the second boundary 286 from surface 232 on the direction of the longitudinal axis A of lock 200 Place.Front surface 204 needs not be convex surface, and can be V-arrangement surface or certain other shapes.The setting latch enable 200 exists Bigger rotation in hole 240, at the same improve latch 200 arm engagement surface 213 and outer arm 120 appropriate engagement a possibility that.

The locking mechanism 201 of alternative form is shown in Figure 37.The limit plug (orientation plug) 1000 of hollow cupuliform plug form It is press-fitted into collar aperture 1002, and by protruding into come positioning latch 200 in locating features 212, to prevent 200 phase of latch Casing 210 is excessively rotated.As discussed further below, rotate latch 200 in casing 200 by providing Features, adjustment tank (alignment slots) 1004 facilitate latch 200 and are located in casing 210 and are eventually positioned in inner arm 122. Adjustment tank 1004 can be used as a kind of features, rotate latch 200 using this feature portion, and also measure its opposite side To.

Referring to Figure 38-40, the exemplary method of assembling switching rocker arm 100 is as follows: limit plug 1000 being made to be press-fitted into collar aperture In 1002, and insert the latch into the substantial cylindrical inner surface 215 of casing 210.

Latch pin 210 is then rotated clockwise until locating features 212 reach plug 1000, in 212 He of point feature portion Interference between plug 1000 prevents from further rotating.Then measurement angle A1, as shown in figure 38, it corresponds to arm engagement surface Angle between 213 and sleeve benchmark 1010,1012, the sleeve reference vehicular are aligned in collar aperture 1002.Adjustment tank 1004 is also It can be used as the reference line of latch 200, keyway 1014 is also used as the reference being located on casing 210.Latch pin 200 is then inverse Hour hands are rotated up locating features 212 and reach plug 1000, to prevent from further rotating.As it can be seen that second jiao of measurement in Figure 39 A2 is spent, it corresponds to the angle between arm engagement surface 213 and casing benchmark 1010,1012.A1 and A2 in order to obtain, counterclockwise And then also it is allowed along pointer rotation.As shown in figure 40, once being inserted into inner arm 122, casing 210 and pin assemblies The angle A that 1200 rotations one measure between inner arm benchmark 1020 and casing benchmark 1010,1012, so as to cause arm engagement surface 213 relative to 122 horizontal orientation of inner arm, as shown in inner arm benchmark 1020.The amount A of rotation should be chosen so that latch 200 connects A possibility that closing outer arm 120 maximizes.One such embodiment is when measuring from inner arm benchmark 1020, with the difference of A2 and A1 Half angle rotate sub-component 1200.It is also possible for adjusting the other amounts of A within the scope of this disclosure.

The section of the alternate embodiments of pin 1000 is shown in FIG. 41.Here, pin 1000 be it is hollow, part surround in Portion's volume 1050.Sell the second wall 1040 of first wall 1030 and substantially cylindrical with substantially cylindrical.Substantially cylindrical There is first wall 1030 diameter D1, diameter D1 to be greater than the diameter D2 of the second wall 1040.An embodiment shown in Figure 41 In, edge 1025 moves downwards through pin opening 218 in casing 210 for banking pin 1000.The second embodiment party shown in Figure 42 In formula, press-fit limit pin 1000 moves downwards through pin opening 218 in casing 210.

4.6DVVL pack clearance management

A kind of three or more gap widths or design gap for managing DVVL shown in Fig. 4 and switching rocker arm assembly 100 is described Method.This method may include a certain range manufacturing tolerance, wear allowance and cam lobe/rocker arm contact surface design wheel It is wide.

DVVL pack clearance explanation

Example rocker arm assembly 100 shown in Fig. 4 has one or more gap widths, these must in assembly one or It is kept at multiple positions.Three salient angles cam 102 shown in Fig. 4 includes three cam lobes, the first high lift lobe 104, the Two high lift lobes 106 and low lift lobe 108.Cam lobe 104,106,108, which has, separately includes basic circle 605,607,609 Molded line, the basic circle is shown approximately as circle and concentric with camshaft.

Switching rocker arm 100 shown in Fig. 4 is designed as having small―gap suture two positions.First position-is shown in Figure 43 In-it is latch gap 602, it is latch pad the distance between surface 214 and arm engagement surface 213.Latch gap 602 guarantees Latch 200 is not loaded and can move freely when switching between high lift and low lift mode.Such as the and of Fig. 4,27,43 Shown in 49, second example in gap is the distance between the first sliding block 130 and the first lift cam lobe basic circle 605, its table It is shown as cam shaft clearance 610.When roller bearing 128 as shown in figure 49 during low lift operation contacts low lift cams basic circle When 609, cam shaft clearance 610 eliminates sliding block 130,132 and their own lift cam lobe basic circle 605,607 is indirectly Touching and associated friction loss.

In low lift mode, camshaft gap 610 also prevents torque spring 134,136 during basic circle 609 is run Power is transmitted to DFHLA110.This allows DFHLA110 to run as the standard rocker arm assembly with normal fluid pressure backlash compensation, Wherein the backlash compensation part of DFHLA is directly to provide from engine oil pressure passageway.As shown in figure 47, this movement is switched Rotation stop 621,623 in rocker arm assembly 100 is promoted, the stop part prevent outer arm 120 due to torque spring 134, 136 power contact high lift lobe 104,106 and it is rotatably remote enough.

As shown in Figure 43 and 48, overall mechanical gap is the sum of cam shaft clearance 610 and latch gap 602.It should and influence gas Door movement.High-lift cam spindle-type line includes opening and closing slope surface 661 to compensate overall mechanical gap 612.Overall mechanical gap 612 In minimum change retention property target is important in entire engine life.Gap is kept in particular range, in life The error in strict control overall mechanical gap 612 in production.Since component wear is related to the variation in overall mechanical gap, in entire mechanism Allow the component wear of low degree in service life.A large amount of durability shows that wear allowance by being distributed and overall mechanical gap are straight Terminate still in the specific limit to test.

The chart referring to shown in Figure 48, in the longitudinal axis, the camshaft angle in terms of spending is arranged in horizontal axis in the gap in terms of millimeter.Valve The linear segment 661 of lift profile 660 is shown relative to the constant variation of the distance in terms of millimeter of given camshaft angle variation, And the constant region of the closing speed between wherein contact surface is shown.For example, in the linear segment of valve stroke molded line curve 660 661, when rocker arm assembly 100 (Fig. 4) switches from low lift mode to high lift mode, the first sliding block 130 and the first high lift Closing distance between salient angle 104 (Figure 43) represents constant speed.Reduce the impact due to acceleration using constant velocity region Load.

As shown in figure 48, during constant speed in valve stroke molded line curve 660 without in lift part 661 there is no gas Door lift occurs.If reduced or strict control total backlash by the design of improvement system, manufacture or packaging technology, valve liter The time demand of the linear speed part of journey molded line reduces, this provides engine management advantage, such as allows valve earlier Consistent air door operation between ground opening or engine.

Such as Figure 43,47 and 48, the design and assembling variation of individual component or sub-component can produce gap value matrix, these Value meet switching timing specification and reduce needs described previously constant speed it is Zone switched.For example, a latch pin 200 is automatic Alignment embodiment may include the features for needing 10 microns of minimum latch gap 602 to work.It is configured to nothing The improved latch 200 for being automatically aligned to features can be designed as needing 5 microns of latch gap 602.This design variation subtracts Lacked 5 microns of total backlash, and reduce valve stroke molded line 660 needs without 661 part of lift.

Latch gap 602 and cam shaft clearance 610 shown in Figure 43 can be contacted with being directed in Fig. 4 using other modes The similar mode of any design variation of the switching rocker arm assembly 100 of three salient angle cams 102 is described.In an embodiment In, roller bearing 128 (Figure 15 and 27) is substituted using similar 130 sliding block.In this second embodiment, the rolling similar to 128 Column is for substituting sliding block 130 and sliding block 132.There are also the combinations that other embodiments have roller and sliding block.

Gap management, test

As described in following paragraphs, for managing the certain model for designing and manufacturing method and being directed to desired running environment in gap Tested and verifying is enclosed, to simulate the operation for operating normally and representing high stress environment.

The durability that DVVL switches rocker arm combines abrasion to survey by duration performance (such as valve opening and closing appropriate) Examination is to assess.Abrasion is switched in the loss and system of the material especially DLC coating on rocker arm between machinery by quantization DVVL The relative quantity of gap is assessed.As previously discussed, latch gap 602 (Figure 43) must be moved between interior outer arm with latch enable pin It is dynamic, high and low lift to be made to run when being ordered by engine electronic control unit (ECU).DVVL switch rocker arm on for The increase in the gap of any reason can all be reduced effectively without lift slope surface 661 (Figure 48), lead to the acceleration that valve mechanism is high.Phase The abrasion specification of mechanical clearance is set as allowing limit structure component to keep required dynamic property in the later period in service life.

For example, as shown in figure 43, the abrasion in rocker arm assembly between contact surface can change latch gap 602, camshaft Gap 610 and the total backlash generated.The abrasion for influencing these each values can be described below: 1) roller bearing 128 (Figure 15) and Interface abrasion between cam lobe 108 (Fig. 4) reduces total backlash, and 2) sliding block 130,132 (Figure 15) and cam lobe 104,106 The abrasion of sliding interface increases total backlash between (Fig. 4), 3) abrasion between latch 200 and latch pad surface 214 increase it is total between Gap.Due to bearing interface abrasion reduction total backlash, the abrasion of the interface of latch and sliding block increases total backlash, therefore in rocker arm assembly All abrasion leads to the net total backlash minimized variation in the entire service life.

4.7DVVL component dynamic

The inertia of conventional rocker, distribution of weight and rigidity are optimised, with for during being related to operation dynamic stability, The speed of service and active force of the particular range of valve tip load and valve spring-compressed.Example shown in Fig. 4 switches rocker arm 100 have design requirement identical with conventional rocker, wherein being applied with additional limit by the increased quality and handoff functionality of component System.Other factors also must be considered that, including the shock loading as caused by pattern switching mistake and sub-component Functional Requirement.Subtract Few quality and inertia but it not can be effectively carried out and keep the rigidity of structure and resist setting for stress material requested distribution in key area Meter causes component to deviate specification or become overstress, and both of which is the shape for leading to poor performance of handoffs and too early component failure Condition.DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 shown in Fig. 4 must be stablized in 3500rpm in low lift mode and stablize in high lift mode In 7300rpm to meet performance requirement.

Such as Fig. 4,15,19 and 27,100 intensity of DVVL rocker arm assembly is evaluated in low lift and high lift mode.? Low lift mode, 122 conveying capacity of inner arm is to open valve 112.The engine packaging space surplus and functional parameter of inner arm 112 are not The high structure optimized is needed, because inner arm rigidity is greater than the rigidity of the fixation rocker arm in same application.In high lift mode, outer arm 120 work together with inner arm 122 opens valve 112 with transmitting forces.Finite element analysis (FEA) technology shows, outer arm 120 It is the component being most obedient to, the maximum region as shown vertical missing 670 in Figure 50 in exemplary diagram.To the quality point of this component Cloth and stiffness optimization concentrate on increasing between sliding block 130,132 and latch 200 in the vertical section height of outer arm 120.Outer arm 120 The design limitation of upper molded line is based on the gap between outer arm 120 and the scanning molded line of high lift lobe 104,106.Outer arm 120 Lower profile design limitation based in low lift mode arrive valve spring retainer 116 gap.Optimize in the design Material distribution constraint condition reduces vertical missing and increases rigidity, in one embodiment, greater than the 33% of initial designs.

As shown in Figure 15 and 52, DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 is designed as, when it surrounds the ball plunger contact point of DFHLA110 611 when pivoting by making inertia minimization towards the quality of 101 bias assembly of side as far as possible.This cause setting there are two compared with The component of big quality, pivotal axis 118 and torque spring 134,136 are located near the side 101 of DFHLA110.By being in the position The pivotal axis 118 set, latch 200 are located at the end 103 of DVVL rocker arm assembly 100.

Figure 55 is the chart for comparing DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 rigidity and other standards rocker arm in high lift mode.For this Apply for that DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 has the rigidity lower than fixed rocker arm；However, its rigidity is in the similar valve machine produced now In the existing range of rocker arm used in structure configuration.The inertia of DVVL rocker arm assembly 100 is about the two of the inertia of fixed rocker arm Times, however, the intermediate value of rocker arm used in the similar valve mechanism setting that its inertia only slightly taller than produces now.Intake valve Whole effective masses-of mechanism include that more DVVL rocker arm assemblies 100-are bigger by 28% than fixed intake valve mechanism.These rigidity, Quality and inertia values need to optimize each component and sub-component to ensure to minimize inertia and maximum rigidity, while meeting operation and setting Meter standard.

4.7.1DVVL component dynamic is described in detail

The main component including total inertia of rocker arm assembly 100 is shown in Figure 53.They are interior arm component 622, outer arm 120 and torque spring 134,136.As meaning, the functional requirement of interior arm component 622, such as its hydraulic fluid transmission path With its latch pin mechanism shell, the structure harder than fixed rocker arm is needed for identical application.In the following description, inner arm group Part 622 is considered as single component.

The top view of rocker arm assembly 100 in Fig. 4 is shown referring to Figure 51-53, Figure 51.Figure 52 is along Figure 51 middle line 52-52 Sectional view, the load contact point of rocker arm assembly 100 is shown.Roller is arrived in three salient angle cams, the 102 distributor load 616 of rotation Bearing 128 or-depending on operational mode-arrive sliding block 130,132.Ball plunger end 601 and valve tip 613 provide opposite Power.

In low lift mode, interior arm component 622 transmits cam loads 616 and arrives valve tip 613, squeezes (the figure of spring 114 4), and valve 112 is opened.In high lift mode, outer arm 120 is together with interior 622 clamping lock of arm component.In this case, Outer arm 120 transmits cam loads 616 and arrives valve tip 613, squeezes spring 114, and open valve 112.

Referring now to Figure 4 and 52, total inertia of rocker arm 100 is determined by the sum of its inertia of main component, and works as them It is calculated when being rotated around ball plunger contact point 611.In exemplary rocker arm assembly 100, main component can be limited to torsion bullet Spring 134,136, interior arm component 622 and outer arm 120.When total inertia increases, the dynamic load on valve tip 613 increases, and is Dynamic stability of uniting decline.In order to minimize valve tip load and maximize dynamic stability, the matter of all rocker arm assemblies 100 Amount is by towards 611 bias of ball plunger contact point.The amount that quality can be biased is needed by rocker arm assembly 100 to given cam loads 616, valve tip 614 and the required intensity of ball plunger load 615 limit.

See Figure 4 and 52 now, when they are in high lift or low lift condition, the rigidity of rocker arm assembly 100 is by inner arm group The composite rigidity of part 622 and outer arm 120 determines.The rigidity value at given position any on rocker arm assembly 100 can be used limited Meta analysis (FEA) or other analysis methods calculate and visualization, it is characterised in that rigidity is relative to the position along measurement axis 618 Chart.In a similar manner, finite element analysis (FEA) or other points can be used in the rigidity of outer arm 120 and interior arm component 622 Analysis method is calculated separately and is visualized.Example describes 106 and shows rigidity relative to a series of of the position along measurement axis 618 The result of these analyses of feature chart.As description other before, Figure 50 shows the chart of the maximum deflection of outer arm 120.

Referring now to Figure 52 and 56, finite element can be used to the pressure and deviation to region any on rocker arm assembly 100 It analyzes (FEA) or other analysis methods calculates, and be characterized in for given cam loads 616, valve tip 614 and ball plunger Chart of the pressure and deviation of load 615 relative to the position along measurement axis 618.In a similar way, outer arm 120 and inner arm Finite element analysis (FEA) can be used in the pressure and deviation of component 622 or other analysis methods calculate separately.It is exemplary in Figure 56 Description is shown for given cam loads 616, the pressure of valve tip 614 and ball plunger load 615 and deviation relative to edge Measurement axis 618 position series of features graphic analyses result.

4.7.2DVVL component dynamic analysis

For pressure and variance analysis, loading condition is described with regard to load situation shown in Figure 52 and magnitude.For example, In clamping lock rocker arm assembly 100 in high lift mode, cam loads 616 are applied to sliding block 130,132.Cam loads 616 are by gas Door rod head load 614 and ball plunger load 615 reactions.First distance 632 is to load along measurement axis 618 in valve tip The distance measured between 614 and ball plunger load 615.Second distance 634 is to load 614 in valve tip along measurement axis 618 The distance measured between cam axle load 616.Load percentage is second distance 634 divided by first distance 632.In order to dynamically divide Analysis, the multiple values of consideration and service condition are for analyzing and possible optimization.These may include three salient angle camshaft interface parameters, turn round Power spring parameter, overall mechanical gap, inertia, valve spring parameter and DFHLA parameter.

Design parameter for assessment can be described as:

Referring now to Fig. 4,51,52,53 and 54, based on given set of design parameters, description is typically designed method.

1, in step 1 350, along measurement axis arrangement component 622,120,134 and 136, with towards ball plunger contact point 611 bias quality.For example, torque spring 134,136 can be located on the left of ball plunger contact point at 2mm, pivoted in interior arm component 622 Axis 118 can be located at the 5mm of right side.Outer arm 120 can be aligned placement with pivotal axis 118, as shown in figure 53.

2, in step 351, for given component layout, total inertia is calculated to rocker arm assembly 100.

3, in step 352, the functionality of evaluation means arrangement.For example, confirmation torque spring 134,136 can be in Qi Te Rigidity needed for offer is set in positioning is to keep sliding block 130,132 to contact cam 102, without increasing quality.In another embodiment, Component layout must be determined to assemble within Package size limitation.

4, in step 353, the result of appraisal procedure 351 and 352.If valve tip load 614 and dynamic stability Minimum essential requirement under selected engine speed is not satisfied, and iteration is simultaneously in component layout in step 351 and 352 again It is analyzed.When valve tip load 614 and minimum essential requirement of the dynamic stability under selected engine speed are satisfied, to shaking Arm component 100 calculates deviation and stress.

5, in step 354, stress and deviation are calculated.

6, in step 356, evaluation error and stress.If the minimum essential requirement of deviation and stress is not satisfied, into Row arrives step 355, and improves component design.When design iteration completion, returns to step 353 and reappraise valve tip and bear Carry 614 and dynamic stability.When the minimum essential requirement quilt of valve tip load 614 and dynamic stability under selected engine speed Meet, deviation and stress are calculated in step 354.

7, referring to Figure 55, when the condition of stress, deviation and dynamic stability is satisfied, the result is that a possible design 357.Analysis result can illustrate possible design setting in curve graph of the rigidity relative to inertia.This diagram provides such as area The signified a certain range of acceptable value in domain 360.Figure 57 shows three independent acceptable designs.Amplification is come, acceptable Inertia/stiffness region 360 also limits the feature of individual main component 120,622 and torque spring 134,136.

Referring now to Fig. 4,52,55, as described above, if each main component-of rocker arm assembly 100 includes outer arm 120, interior arm component 622 and torque spring 134,136 all meet the specific design criteria for inertia, pressure and deviation, then Successfully design is implemented.It is successfully designed as each primary clustering and generates unique characteristic.

In order to describe, three functional DVVL rocker arm assemblies 100 are selected, they show in Figure 57 and meet certain Rigidity/inertia standard.These components each include three main components: torque spring 134,136, outer arm 120 and inner arm Component 622.For this analysis, the example description of such as Figure 58, to can retouching for the ranges of the possibility inertia values of each main component It states are as follows:

Torque spring group, design one, inertia=A；Torque spring group, design two, inertia=B；Torque spring group, design Three, inertia=C.

The torque spring group inertia range calculated around ball end plug top (equally being indicated in Figure 59 with X) is by value A, B and C The scope limitation of definition.

Outer arm, design one, inertia=D；Outer arm, design two, inertia=E；Outer arm, design three, inertia=F.

What the outer arm inertia range calculated around ball end plug top (equally being indicated in Figure 59 with X) was defined by value D, E and F Scope limitation.

Interior arm component, design one, inertia=X；Interior arm component, design two, inertia=Y；Interior arm component, design three are used to Property=Z.

The interior arm component inertia range calculated around ball end plug top (equally being indicated in Figure 59 with X) is determined by value X, Y and Z The scope limitation of justice.

The range of the component inertia value then generates the unique arrangement of main component (torque spring, interior arm component and outer arm). For example, in this design, torque spring tends to very close to ball end plug top 611.

Referring to Figure 57-61, for inertia calculating and the load requirement tight association in component of individual component, because making to be used to Property minimize it is desirable that the Mass Distribution in component optimizes, to manage the stress in key area.For above three Each of successful design can be described as follows for the range of rigidity and the value of Mass Distribution:

For the design of outer arm 120 one, Mass Distribution can be drawn relative to along component from end A to the distance of end B.With The Mass Distribution value of identical mode, the design of outer arm 120 two and the design of outer arm 120 three can also illustrate.

The characteristic value of outer arm 120 can be defined as in the region in this component between two extreme mass distribution curves Range.

For the design of outer arm 120 one, Stiffness Distribution can be relative to the distance along component from end A to the distance of end B It draws.In an identical manner, the design of outer arm 120 two and the rigidity value of the design of outer arm 120 three can also illustrate.

Region between two in this component extreme Stiffness Distribution curves can be defined as the characteristic value of outer arm 120 Range.

Outer arm 120 along axis and rigidity relevant to its movement during operation and orientation and Mass Distribution Expressive Features Value, and amplify the Expressive Features shape that comes.

5. design verification

The response of 5.1 latches

The latch response time of example DVVL system is verified using latch response test platform 900 shown in Figure 62, with true Rocker arm assembly is protected to switch in the aforementioned defined mechanical switch window described in Figure 26.For range from 10 DEG C to 120 DEG C with Influence the oil temperature recording responses time of Varying Oil Viscosity.

Latch response test platform 900 switches rocker arm 100 using production specialized hardware, including OCV, DFHLA and DVVL.In order to System control is heated or cooled by outside in simulated engine oil liquid condition, oil temperature.Oil pressure is supplied by external pump and using tune Save device control.Oil temperature measures in the control channel between OCV and DFHLA.Latch is mobile to be measured using displacement sensor 901.

The latch response time is measured using a variety of dedicated SRFF of production.Test is carried out using the machine oil of 5w-20.When from low liter The response time is recorded when journey mode switches to high lift mode and from high lift mode to low lift mode.

Figure 21 details the latch response time when being switched to high lift mode from low lift mode.In 20 DEG C of maximum Response time is measured as less than 10 milliseconds.Figure 22 details the mechanical response when being switched to low lift mode from high lift mode Time.It is measured as in 20 DEG C of maximum response time less than 10 milliseconds.

The conclusion for carrying out adaptive switched research shows that the switching time of latch is the major function of oil temperature, due to oil viscosity Variation.Viscosity temperature relationship of the slope of latch response curve similar to machine oil.

Handoff response conclusion shows that a camshaft rotary mode within 3500 engine rpm is cut in latch movement It changes enough fast.When temperature is down to 20 DEG C or less, the response time starts to dramatically increase.In temperature for 10 DEG C and hereinafter, not reducing 3500rpm switching requires and switches in a camshaft rotation to be impossible.

SRFF is designed as under high engine speed being steady for high and low lift mode shown in table 1.It is high Lift mode can be run within 7300rpm, and " rupture " rate request with 7500rpm.Rupture is defined as to higher The short stroke of engine speed.SRFF is by normal clamping lock in high lift mode, so that high lift mode is not against oil temperature.Low liter Journey operational mode focuses on the fuel economy during component load operates within 3500rpm, wherein in addition to 7500rpm is " broken Split " also have outside speed be more than 5000rpm speed requirement.As test, for oil temperature 200 DEG C or system above can be hydraulic Unlock SRFF.10 DEG C are reduced to be tested to ensure to operate in 20 DEG C.Durability results are shown, are designed for whole service model Engine speed, lift mode and the oil temperature enclosed all are steady.

Table 1

To realize intake valve is closed in advance and based on the SRFF of DVVL system design, improvement and verifying for model II Valve mechanism is completed.This DVVL system improves fuel economy by running in two modes without damaging performance.Low In lift mode, pump circulation loss is reduced by closing intake valve in advance, while existing by using standard intake valve molded line Retention property in high lift mode.The system saves the geometry of conventional model II air inlet and exhaust valve mechanism, to be used for Using in in-line four cylinder petrol engine.It is minimum by using general components and standard chain drive system implementation cost Change.Allowed in this way using the SRFF based system of model II to this hardware of various engines serial application.

This DVVL system-it be mounted in intake valve mechanism-in high lift and low lift mode all meet use In the Key performance targets of pattern switching and dynamic stability.The handoff response time is in a cam rotation at 20 DEG C or more Allow pattern switching under engine speed within oil temperature and 3500rpm.The optimization of SRFF rigidity and inertia, in conjunction with appropriate gas Door lift profile design permission system low lift mode dynamic stability to 3500rpm and high lift mode dynamic stability extremely 7300rpm.The validation test completed on production specialized hardware shows DVVL system beyond durability target.Acceleration system aging Test is to prove that durability is more than target life objective.

5.2 durability

Car needs to meet 150000 miles of discharge service life requirement.This research sets stringenter 200000 The target of mile is to ensure that product is more than legal requirements steady.

Requirement of the valve mechanism to life test end is 200000 miles of targets.This mileage target must be converted into Valve actuation is to define valve mechanism life requirement.In order to determine the quantity of valve event, it has to be assumed that average vehicle speed It is more than vehicle ages with average engine speed.For this embodiment, it can select for car and to be averaged for 40 miles per hour The mean engine speed of car speed and 2200rpm.Camshaft speed is run under the engine speed of half and valve Every circle camshaft rotation is activated once, leads to 3.3 hundred million valve event of test request.Test building starts engine and non- On dynamic device.5000 hours starting Engine Block Tests are not run, test and report result concentrate on institute in Figure 63 mostly Show the test for must satisfy 3.3 hundred million valve events on non-starting device.It will start and the non-result phase for starting test Than as a result corresponding very well to valve mechanism wear results, providing confidence level for non-starting device life test.

5.2.1 accelerated ageing

Before running Engine Block Test, needs to carry out accelerated test and the multiple-motor service life is deferred to showing.Therefore, Device to test carries out before starting test.Higher velocity test be designed as accelerate valve mechanism abrasion to it can compared with It is completed in few time.The association of test is established, thus relative to operating speed multiplication mean engine speed at about four points One of time in generate result and substantially equal with valve mechanism attrition value.Therefore, valve mechanism abrasion is strictly deferred to following Equation:

Wherein, VE_AccelIt is the valve event required during accelerated ageing test, VE_in-useIt is to be required in normal use test Valve event, RPM_avg-testIt is the mean engine speed for accelerated test, RPM_avg-inuseIt is for using the flat of test Equal engine speed.

The patented high speed durability test circulation of exploitation one, the circulation have the mean engine of about 5000rpm Speed.Each circulation has the high speed stage in about 60 minutes high lift modes, then about other 10 minutes low lift moulds Low-speed stage in formula.This circulating repetition 430 times to complete 72,000,000 valve events under the wear rate of acceleration, this is equal to 3.3 hundred million events of standard termination level.Standard valve mechanism product including needle and roller bearing has been used successfully in vapour Vehicle industry is for many years.The test loop focuses on DLC coating sliding block, and wherein about 97% valve lift event exists in high lift mode On sliding block, it is left to circulate on low lift roller bearing for 2,000,000 times, as shown in table 2.These test conditions consider one and 430 A accelerated test recycles the equal valve mechanism service life.Test display, ignores abrasion and gap variation, and SRFF starts by six Machine useful life is durable.

Table 2: durability test, valve event and target

Acceleration system burn-in test be the key that show durability, while can also complete the test of some specific functions with Show the robustness of various operating statuses.

Table 2 includes the main durability test combined with the purpose of each test.Above-mentioned acceleration system burn-in test Show about 500 hours or about 430 test loops.Operation switch test about 500 hours to assess latch and torque spring mill Damage.Likewise, carrying out critical conversion testing also with further old from coarse and abuse the switching of the outer arm of part clamping lock Change component, so that it can slide into low lift mode during high lift event.Critical conversion testing structure is carried out to be shown in Robustness under the extreme condition as caused by unsuitable vehicle maintenance.The critical conversion testing is extremely difficult in testing experiment And it is required that accurate oil pressure cntrol is with part clamping lock outer arm.The operation is undesirable to be used because of oil pressure cntrol in window with external control System.Multiple idle running tests combine cold start operation to carry out due to low oil lubrication accelerated wear test.The oil liquid test used is same It carries out at high speeds.Finally, bearing and torque spring test are to ensure component durability.All tests meet 200000 miles The requirement of engine useful life, this is higher than 150000 miles of car useful life requirements in secure context.

All durability tests are executed with specific oil-filled grade.Universal to passenger car applications, what most of tests had fills Oily rate range is between the total gas content of about 15%-20% (TGC).The content changes with engine speed, and should Grade quantizing is from idling up to 7500rpm engine speed.Excessive oil-filled test is also carried out, it is oil-filled etc. with 26%TGC Grade.These tests are executed with SRFF, they meet the test of dynamic and performance of handoffs.Dynamic performance testing is described in detail in knot It is illustrated by paragraph.It executes oil-filled grade and expands grade to show product robustness.

5.2.2 device for testing endurance

Durability test rig shown in Figure 63 include have additional engine Oil-temperature control system 905 by motor drive Prototype 2.5L four cylinder engine.Camshaft location passes through the encoder outside the precise coder 802S by camshaft actuated 902 monitorings.The angular speed of camshaft is measured using digital magnetoelectric tachometric transducer (model Honeywell584) 904.Control Oil pressure in channel processed and hydraulic channel is monitored using Kulite XTL piezo-electric pressure sensor.

5.2.3 device for testing endurance controls

The set-up of control system of fixture is control engine speed, oil temperature and valve lift state and the expected lift of verifying Function has been realized.The performance of valve mechanism is measured by using non-intrusion type Bentley Nevada 3300XL close to probe 906 Valve displacement is assessed.Close to probe with the valve stroke within 1.5 times of camshaft angle resolution measurement 2mm.This is closing Speed and bounce analysis submit necessary information to confirm the post-processing of valve lift state and data.The test of foundation includes valve Displaced trace, the tracking are recorded to indicate the base condition of SRFF and for determining master shown in Figure 64 under idle speed Molded line 908.

Figure 17 shows system diagnostics window, it indicates the switching circulation for diagnosing valve-closing displacement.OCV is by leading The control system control that OCV armature is mobile is caused, the movement is as passed through shown in OCV current locus 881.In oil liquid control channel The pressure increase in the downstream OCV, as shown in pressure curve 880；Therefore, actuated latch pin leads to the state from high lift to low lift Variation.

Figure 64 shows the relationship of the principal mode line 908 of valve-closing tolerance 909 and test determination.It is used close to probe 906 are calibrated to the last 2mm of measurement lift, and the last 1.2mm of lift is wherein shown on the longitudinal axis in Figure 64.2.5 " cam Shaft angle tolerance establishes the change to allow the valve mechanism compression under high engine speed in lift around principal mode line 908 Change, with the failure for preventing record wrong.Detection window is established to determine whether valvetrain system has anticipated deviation.For example, than It is expected that valve-closing more acutely will lead to the closing of camshaft angle earlier, so as to cause the gas due to undesirable excess speed Door spring.Detection window and tolerance around principal mode line can detecte these abnormal phenomenon.

5.2.4 durability test plan

Design failure mode and impact analysis are executed, to determine SRFF failure mode.Similarly, with system and subsystem Grade determines mechanism.The information is for improving and assessing SRFF to the durability of different service conditions.As shown in Figure 65, test class Type is divided into four classifications, comprising: performance verification, subsystem testing, limit test and acceleration system aging.

It is shown in Figure 65 to the crucial test level of durability.Performance verification test shows SRFF to the property of application requirement Can, and be the first step in durability verifying.Subsystem testing specific function and abrasion during assessing life of product circulation Interface.Limit test makes SRFF be subjected to harsh user and operational limit.Finally, accelerated ageing test is to fully assess SRFF Integration test.The success of these tests demonstrates the durability of SRFF.

Performance verification

Fatigue & rigidity

SRFF is tested by cyclic loading to ensure that fatigue life is more than application load by biggish design margin.Valve Mechanism performance largely relies on the rigidity of system unit.The rigidity of rocker arm is measured with test design and is ensured acceptable dynamic State property energy.

Valve mechanism dynamic

The explanation and performance of valve mechanism dynamic test are in conclusion segment description.Test is related to and measurement valve closing velocity phase In conjunction with strain measure SRFF.

Subsystem testing

Switch durability

Switching durability test is by making SRFF in clamping lock, non-clamping lock and returning to circulation total 300 between clamping lock state Assess switching mechanism for ten thousand times (Figure 24 and 25).The main purpose of test is assessment locking mechanism.It is obtained when considering torque spring Other durability information, since test loop is 50% in low lift.

Torque spring durability and fatigue

Torque spring is the global facility for switching the driven device of roller finger.Torque spring allows outer arm to run under idle running, It is kept in contact convex angle of the high lift camshaft simultaneously.Torque spring durability test is executed so as to the torsion bullet under evaluation operation load The durability of spring.Torque spring durability test is carried out with the torque spring being mounted in SRFF.Torque spring testing fatigue is commented Estimate the fatigue life of torque spring under high stress level.It is defined as into when service life end torque spring load loss is less than 15% Function.

Idle speed durability

Idle speed durability simulates the limit lubricating condition as caused by low oil pressure and high oil temperature.Test is for assessing sliding block With bearing, valve tip to valve pallet and seat to the abrasion of ball plunger.Lift condition is kept constant in entire test process In high or low lift.To inspect periodically interval measurement overall mechanical gap, and it is the primary appraisal of abrasion.

Limit test

Hypervelocity

Switching rocker arm failure mode includes losing lift condition control.SRFF be designed as in low lift mode with The maximum cam axle speed of 3500rpm is run.In the case where leading to the undesirable failure of low lift condition, SRFF includes pair The design protection of those higher speeds.Low lift fatigue life test is carried out at 5000rpm.Engine rupture test is to promotion Journey state and low lift condition are carried out at 7500rpm.

Cold start durability

Cold start durability test assesses 300 be subjected to from -30 DEG C of initial temperature time engine start circulation of DLC Ability.In general, the cold climate engine started at these tem-peratures includes engine cylinder heater.Select the extreme test To show robustness and start to repeat 300 times on machine clamp in motorization.Test measurement DLC coating is subjected to being caused by low temperature Reduced lubrication ability.

Critical conversion durability

SRFF is designed as switching on the basic circle of camshaft and latch pin does not contact outer arm.In unsuitable OCV timing or Lower than under the event of minimum control channel oil pressure needed for full latch pin stroke, latch pin may next lift beginning still It is mobile.The inappropriate position of latch pin may cause the part engagement of latch pin and outer arm.It is connect in the part of latch pin and outer arm In conjunction event, outer arm, which may slide latch pin, to be caused to generate impact between roller bearing and low lift cam lobes.Critical conversion Durability is bad using test, is created conditions to quantify robustness and be undesirable in the service life of vehicle. Critical conversion testing makes SRFF be subjected to 5000 subcritical change events.

The bearing persistence accelerated

Accelerating bearing persistence is the life test for assessing the bearing life for completing critical conversion testing.The test is used In determining whether the effect of critical conversion testing shortens the service life of roller bearing.Test is run under increased radial load to subtract The time completed less.New bearing is simultaneously tested to show that test bearing is subjected to the performance and abrasion of critical conversion testing.? Whole process carries out vibration measurement and is analyzed to detect the beginning of bearing damage.

The oil liquid test used

The system aging test of acceleration and idle speed durability test molded line use the oil with 20/19/16ISO grade Liquid carries out.The oil liquid is derived from engine in the drain period.

The system aging of acceleration

The system aging of acceleration tests the overall durability for assessing rocker arm assembly, including between camshaft and SRFF Sliding interface, locking mechanism and low lift bearing.Mechanical clearance is measured to inspect periodically interval, and mainly measurement abrasion. Figure 66 shows the testing scheme that SRFF is assessed in the system aging test loop of acceleration.Mechanical clearance measurement and FTIR measurement are permitted Perhaps the respective research integrally perfected of SRFF and DLC coating is carried out.Finally, component be disassembled with try hard to understand mechanical clearance from The source of test any change when starting.

Figure 67 is the pie chart indicated to the dependence test time of SRFF durability test, and test includes about 15700 always Hour.Acceleration system burn-in test provides each test hour most information, due to accelerator in a test and arrives The combination load of SRFF leads to 37% distribution of total testing time.Due to the duration of the length of each test, idle speed Durability (low speed, low lift and low speed, high lift) test accounts for the 29% of total testing time.Switch durability and is directed to multiple service life Tested and occupied 9% total testing time.The heat as needed for being extremely difficult to critical conversion and cold start durability is followed Ring time, critical conversion and cold start durability test need the plenty of time.The quantization of data is according to these mode needs of progress Total time and be not only critical conversion and cold start time itself.Remaining subsystem and limit test need 11% total survey Try the time.

Valve mechanism dynamic

The performance and durability of valve mechanism dynamic behaviour decision engine.Dynamic property is by assessment closing velocity and works as Valve rebound when valve returns to valve seating determines.Strain gauge is provided about system load relative to camshaft angle in engine Information on velocity envolop line.Strain gauge is applied to inner arm and outer arm at the position of uniform pressure.Figure 68, which is shown, is attached to SRFF Strain gauge.Outer arm and inner arm are equipped with instrument to measure strain, to verify the load capacity on SRFF.

The test of valve mechanism dynamic is carried out to assess the performance capability of valve mechanism.Test is in normal and limit mechanical gap Value is lower to be carried out.Normal condition is to carry out the velocity scanning of 1000-7500rpm, and each engine speed records 30 valve switchings Event.Dynamic data post-processing allows to calculate valve closing velocity and valve rebound.Attached strain on the interior outer arm of SRFF Meter instruction is enough to prevent point between valve train component or " the pumping " of HLA in the load of all engine speed lower shake-changing arms From.When HLA compensation valve rebound or valve mechanism deviation are to cause valve to stay open on camshaft basic circle, this pumps hair It is raw.Minimum, maximum and average closing velocity is shown the distribution to understand entire engine speed range.High lift closing velocity It shows in Figure 67.The closing velocity of high lift meets design object.The range of value at 7500rpm between a minimum and a maximum With about 250mm/s variation, while being safely retained within target.

Figure 69 shows the closing velocity of low lift cams spindle-type line.Normal operation occurs within 3500rpm, wherein closing Speed is maintained at 200mm/s hereinafter, it is safely in design margin for low lift.It is designed as in low lift mode system The hypervelocity condition of 5000rpm, wherein maximum closing velocity is lower than the limit.Valve closing velocity design object meets high lift mode Both with low lift mode.

Critical conversion

Critical conversion testing is carried out by the way that latch pin to be maintained to the critical point engaged with outer arm shown in Figure 27.Latch portion Ground engages outer arm, this is shown outer arm and disengages the opportunity lost with the moment for causing outer arm to control from latch pin.The bearing of inner arm rushes Hit low lift cams crown of roll angle.SRFF is tested certain amount, the quantity considerably beyond critical conversion quantity, described critical turn Changing is the desired service life to show SRFF robustness in the car.Critical conversion testing assessment locking mechanism is in latch solution Abrasion except period and the bearing durability that is had an impact from critical switching.

Critical conversion testing uses the engine for being similar to motorization shown in Figure 63 to carry out.Slack adjuster control channel tune Whole critical pressure.Engine is run under constant speed and pressure is existing with the lag of coupled system around critical pressure variation As.Critical conversion is defined as greater than the valve decline of 1.0mm.Typical SRFF valve falling head distribution is shown in Figure 70. It should be noted that it is subcritical more than 1000 conversion be lower than 1.0mm, this list display but be not counted in test completion.Figure Distribution of the 71 critical conversions of display relative to camshaft angle.It is generated immediately more than top lift largest cumulative, remaining is basic It is uniformly distributed.

Locking mechanism and bearing are in the monitored abrasion of entire test.The typical wear (Figure 73) and new component (Figure 72) of outer arm Compare.Once it is required it is critical convert, check that rocker arm correctly runs and tests and terminates.Shown edge abrasion is to clamping lock function It can have no significant effect, and for example most of latch framves in overall mechanical gap show negligible abrasion.

Subsystem

The specific function and wear interface of subsystem testing assessment SRFF rocker arm.Switch durability evaluating locking mechanism whole Function and abrasion in the life expectancy of a SRFF.Similarly, it includes low profit that idle speed durability, which is subjected to bearing and sliding block, The condition of sliding and 130 DEG C of oil temperatures worst condition.Torque spring durability test is by making torque spring be subjected to about 25,000,000 Secondary circulation is completed.Torque spring load is measured to measure and degenerate in entire test.Further consistency is surveyed by extending Try the design maximum load loss acquisition to 100,000,000 circulations and without departing from 15%.Figure 74 is shown at the beginning and end of test Outer arm on torque spring load.After 100,000,000 circulations, there is seldom load loss of about 5%-10%, be lower than 15% acceptable target and show enough loads of outer arm to four engine lives.

The system aging of acceleration

The system aging test of acceleration is the comprehensive durability test as duration performance benchmark.Test represents extreme whole The cumulative damage of end subscriber.Test loop is averaged about 5000rpm, and has constant speed and accelerate molded line.Each circulation Time terminates as follows: 28% stable state, recycles between 15% low lift and high and low lift, remaining is under acceleration conditions.Test The results show that accounting for the 21% of the abrasion specification of rocker arm in the variation of the test intermediate gap of life cycle.The system of acceleration is old Changing test includes 8 SRFF, expands past standard life to determine the wear pattern of SRFF.Once by standard sustained period, Every 100 test loops record overall mechanical clearance measurement.

The result of the system aging measurement of acceleration shows that display abrasion specification exceeds 3.6 times of service life in Figure 75.Test after Continue and completes six service life without failing.Extension test shows mechanical after initial damages period to multiple service life The linear change in gap.The dynamic property of system is degenerated due to increased overall mechanical gap, however, in six engine lives Middle functional performance is still complete.

5.2.5 durability test result

It carries out each test discussed in test plan and provides result summary.Valve mechanism dynamic, critical conversion The result of durability, torque spring durability and final acceleration system burn-in test is shown.

Accelerated ageing test is subjected in conjunction with specific function test SRFF to prove robustness and be illustrated schematically in table 3.

Table 3: durability is summarized

Durability is amounted to according to engine life is equal to 200000 miles of assessments, and offer is more than required 150000 miles and wants The rich surplus asked.The purpose of project is to prove that all tests show at least one engine life.Mainly durability test is The system aging of acceleration is tested, it shows the durability of at least six engine lives or 1,200,000 miles.The test is also together with making Oil liquid carries out together, and shows the robustness of an engine life.Crucial operational mode is cut between high and low lift Change operation.Switching durability test shows at least three times engine life or 600,000 miles.Similarly, torque spring is for extremely It is steady for lacking four times of engine lives or 800,000 miles.Other test displays are directed to critical conversion, hypervelocity, cold start, bearing At least one of robustness and dry run condition engine life.DLC coating be for all conditions it is steady, polishing is shown Minimal wear, as shown in Figure 76.As a result, a large amount of test display SRFF robustness are good, exceed 200000 miles of service lifes.

5.2.6 durability test conclusion

DVVL system including SRFF, DFHLA and OCV shows robustness at least 20000 miles, and 200000 miles super The safe clearance of 150000 miles of requirements out.Durability test, which is shown, adds at least six times of engine lives or 1,200,000 miles Speed system aging.The SRFF is steady to oil liquid and the same display of aerating oil is used.The handoff functionality of SRFF is at least 3 times Engine life or 600000 miles of displays are steady.All subsystem testings show that SRFF steadily exceeds 200000 miles An engine life.

Critical conversion testing shows the robustness to 5000 events or at least one engine life.The condition generates Under the oil pressure conditions other than normal operation range, and cause as the harsh event of outer arm landing latch is interior to which SRFF is gone to Arm.Even if condition be it is harsh, SRFF shows it is steady to the condition of such type.This event is unlikely to occur in batch In product.Test result shows that SRFF is steady in the case where critical conversion generates to these conditions.

The passenger car applications that SRFF reaches 7300rpm and burst speed condition to 7500rpm to engine speed are proved to be steady Strong.Engine Block Test is misfired with consistent abrasion condition described in igniter motor test and this chapter.On outer arm sliding block DLC coating shows it is steady by whole service condition.Therefore, SRFF, which is designed, is suitble to four cylinder passenger car applications, it is therefore an objective to logical It crosses under the operation of fractional load engine and reduces engine pumping loss raising fuel economy.The technology extend to including The other application of six cylinder engine.It is steady that SRFF is shown under some cases far beyond automotive needs.Diesel engine Machine application is it is contemplated that alternatively improved to handle increased engine loading, oil contamination and engine life requirement.

5.3 sliding blocks/DLC coating abrasion

5.3.1 wear testing plan

This part describes the test plan for studying the durability of DLC coating on wear characteristic and outer arm sliding block.Target It is the relationship established between design specification and technological parameter and respectively how influences the durability at sliding block interface.In the sliding block interface Three key factors be: camshaft lobe, sliding block and valve mechanism load.Each element, which has, to be needed to be included in test plan In factor to determine influence to DLC Coating Durability.Detailed description are as follows for each component:

Camshaft-regulation convex angle of the high lift camshaft width is to guarantee that sliding block is maintained at cam during engine is run In crown of roll angle.This includes that axial position variation caused by being increased by heat or the size due to manufacture change.As a result, sliding block is complete Portion's width, which can contact camshaft lobe, becomes the risk for deviateing sliding block without camshaft lobe.It is suitble to valve lift characteristics The shape (molded line) of salient angle is also established in the improvement of camshaft and SRFF.This to need to consider about DLC Coating Durability Two factors: first is salient angle material, second be camshaft lobe surface smoothness.Test plan is included in salient angle On with different surface condition test cast irons and steel camshaft lobe.First includes by the convex of grinding action (grinding) preparation Wheel shaft salient angle.Second is the surface smoothness condition (polishing) that salient angle is improved after polishing operation.

Sliding block-sliding block molded line is designed as to valve stroke and the dynamic particular requirement of valve mechanism.Figure 77 is sliding on SRFF The diagram of contact relation between block and the high lift lobe pair of contact.Due to the change of expectation manufacture, in this contact surface In there are angular alignment relationships, indicated in Figure 77 with the ratio of amplification.In view of various aligned conditions, crown surface is reduced The risk of edge load sliding block.However, crown surface increases the complexity of manufacture, therefore crown surface is to coating interface performance Influence be added in test plan with determine its necessity.

Figure 77 show camshaft surface on titled with as method for selecting.The hertz stress changed based on expectation load and hat It calculates for the guidance in test plan.The tolerance being aligned between two blocks (including angle) needs to be integrated to changing for expectation hat Become regulation.The required output of test is how practical understanding changes the sliding block alignment angles for influencing DLC coating.Stress calculation by with In the target value of 0.2 degree of misalignment of offer.These calculate point for reference only.Test plan adopts three values, these values include Angle between sliding block: 0.05 degree, 0.2 degree, 0.4 degree of <.Angle is considered flat and 0.4 degree in 0.05 degree of component below Component represent twice of calculating reference point.

The second factor on sliding block for needing to assess is surface smoothness of the sliding block before DLC coating.The work of sliding block Skill step includes the polishing step to form the grinding action of sliding block molded line and form surface for DLC coating.Each step influences Using the final surface smoothness of the sliding block before DLC coating.Test plan introduces the contribution of each step and provides result To establish the final specification of the surface smoothness after the technological specification and polishing step for grinding.Test plan is used as ground Surface smoothness after cutting and polishing.

Valve mechanism load-the last one factor is the load of the sliding block run by valve mechanism.Calculating provides one Kind conversion valve mechanism loads to the mode of stress levels.The durability of camshaft lobe and DLC coating is based on each failing Before the stress levels that are subjected to.Camshaft lobe material should provide in the range of 800-100MPa (moving contact stress).It should Range considers standard design pressure.For accelerated test, the stress levels in test plan be set in 900-1000MPa and 1125-1250MPa.These values respectively indicate the standard design stress of top half and 125% standard design stress.

Test plan includes six factors to prove the durability of DLC coating on sliding block: (1) camshaft lobe material, (2) The shape of camshaft lobe, the surface condition of (3) camshaft lobe, the angular alignment of (4) sliding block and camshaft lobe, (5) sliding block Surface smoothness and (6) by open valve be applied to the stress on coating sliding block.The element and factor emphasized in this part Overview show in table 1.

Table 1: test plan element and factor

5.3.2 component wear test result

The target of test is relative contribution of the determining each factor to the durability of sliding block DLC coating.Test the master of configuration Mian part is divided to the minimum including two factors in test plan.Sliding block 752 shown in Figure 78 is connected to shaking on test sample 751 Arm support 753.The relevant comparative that all configurations are tested all under two stress levels to allow each factor.In the beginning of test The range that detection is spaced is 20-50 hours and increases to 300-500 hours intervals when needing observation result for a long time.Work as examination Sample suspends test there are DLC coating loss or when camshaft lobe surface has significant change.It is higher than application in pressure rating to want It is tested under the influence of the accelerator asked.As a result, the engine life assessment is conservative estimation and is used to prove The dependent interaction of Testing factors.Sample completed on testboard a service life be described as it is enough.Sample is beyond the service life three times It is considered perfect without DLC loss.Test result is divided into two parts in order to discuss.First part discusses cast iron cam shaft As a result, second check the result from steel camshaft.

The test result of cast iron cam shaft

First test is using cast iron cam shaft salient angle and compares shoe surface finish and two angular alignment configurations.Knot Fruit is shown in following table 2.It includes combining angle and surface condition that this table, which is outlined using cast iron cam shaft test, The combination of sliding block.Each combination is tested under design maximum and 125% design maximum loading condition.The value listed indicates the test phase Between each combine the engine life quantity that reaches.

Table 2: cast iron tests list and result

All there is layer and splits (peeling) in the camshaft of test, this leads to the EOT end of test.It is most of half engine life it Procambium is split.Layer is split in more high load components and there are more serious on design maximum load component.Analysis shows that two kinds Load exceeds the ability of camshaft.Cast iron cam shaft salient angle is often used together with the roller elements including similar load level In；However, the material is not suitable selection in the sliding interface.

Inspection intervals frequent enough are to study effect of the surface smoothness to the durability of coating.Grinding skin finish Sample very early be in testing subjected to DLC coating loss.Sample shown in Figure 79 A describes early stage DLC painting in testing The typical sample of layer loss.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis shows that DLC coating rupture property.DLC coating metal surface below is not Enough supports can be provided for coating.Coating is obviously harder than the metal that it is combined.Therefore, if parent metal significantly becomes Shape, DLC are possible the result is that rupture.The sample performance being polished before coating is well until camshaft lobe start layers are split. It is best the result is that 0.75 times of service life that sample is carried out for straight, polishing cast iron cam shaft under design maximum load.

The test result of steel camshaft

Next group of test uses steel salient angle camshaft.Combined overview and result is tested to be listed in Table 3.Camshaft lobe with Four kinds of different configurations are tested: (1) surface smoothness be grinding and has a flat salient angle, (2) surface smoothness be ground and With coronal salient angle, (3) polish and polish with minimum coronal salient angle and (4) and have nominally coronal salient angle.Cunning on sample Block polishes before DLC coating and in three angle measurement: (1) flat (angle less than 0.05 degree), (2) 0.2 degree of angle and (3) 0.4 degree of angle.The load set of all camshafts is the design maximum level of design maximum or 125%.

Fig. 3: steel camshaft tests list and result

Gather the test sample for having the flat steel camshaft lobe of grinding and 0.4 degree of angle sample in 125% design (calculated) load Level is not above a service life.Sample test under maximum design pressure continues a service life but there are phases on coating Same-action.The sample performance of 0.2 degree of peace is more preferable but is no more than twice of service life.

It the test and then is ground, flat steel camshaft lobe and 0.2 degree of sample including angle and straight sample.? The time requirement observed on 0.2 degree of sample before coating loss is 1.6 times of service life.Flat sample runing time slightly length reaches 1.8 Times service life.The mode that DLC is lost on flat sample is that have non-uniform maximum loss on the outside of contact surface.It is contacting The loss of upper coating shows that the stress applied by sliding block is non-uniform on its width on the outside of face.This phenomenon is known as " edge action ".The solution for reducing by two alignment element edge upper stresses be increase on an element wherein it is coronal outer Shape.Crowned profile is added on camshaft in using SRFF.

Next group of test combines 0.4,0.2 degree and flat polishing sliding block using crown minimum value.The setting confirms to increase Add the crown positive effect to camshaft.0.4 degree of sample is increased to 1.3 times of service life from 0.75 in 125% maximum load.For The flat component of identical load, which exists from 1.8, is increased to 2.2 times of service life smaller improvement.

Last test group includes the sample of all three angles and the polished steel cam crown of roll for being machined with the crown value of standard Angle.In the phase interaction that difference most significant in these results is between the angular alignment of camshaft hat and sliding block to camshaft lobe With.Flat and 0.2 degree of sample is more than the three times service life under two load levels.0.4 degree of sample is not above twice of service life.Figure 79B shows the typical case for the sample tested under design maximum load with 0.2 degree of angle.

These results confirm as follows: (1) standard value of cam hat reaches 0.2 degree to being when flat in reduction sliding block angular alignment Effectively；(2) by the design maximum applied load and 125% design maximum load under be it is stable, (3) when combine sliding block throw When light and camshaft lobe are preced with, polishing camshaft lobe contributes to the durability of DLC coating.

Each test result helps to more fully understand stress on influencing on the durability of DLC coating.As a result it is shown in figure In 80.

It is tested in the sliding interface under design (calculated) load using the early stage of cast iron cam shaft salient angle without departing from the hair of half The motivation service life.It is next to improve the form generated in identification " edge action ".Increase crown arrive and polish camshaft lobe, has more The acceptable angular alignment understood well, improving Coating Durability is more than the three times service life.The result is that proving in the test knot observed Design margin between fruit and the design maximum stress used in each engine life estimated.

Influence of the surface smoothness to DLC Coating Durability is at most reported in from grinding coating sample to polishing coating sample In the transition of product.As shown in Figure 81, sliding block grinding coating test is no more than one third engine life.Any surface finish of sliding block The improvement of degree provides the better load bearing ability in coating substrate below and improves the entire resistance to of coating sliding block Long property.

The result tested from cast iron and steel camshaft provides following: (1) specification of the angular alignment of sliding block to camshaft, (2) clear evidence is that angular alignment specification and camshaft lobe hat are consistent, and (3) load Shi Wei camshaft beyond design maximum DLC coating keeps complete in salient angle hat and the specification of sliding block alignment design, and (4) need polishing operation after sliding block grinding, (5) For the technological specification of grinding action, the specification of the surface smoothness of the front-slider of (6) coating and the throwing of (7) steel camshaft lobe Light operation contributes to the durability of DLC coating on sliding block.

The manufacture of 5.4 sliding blocks improves

5.4.1 sliding block manufacture improves explanation

Outer arm uses machining casting.The angulation change and coating of sliding block are directed to from the mach prototype part of slab raw material Surface smoothness before has set target.Product grinding and the improvement of polishing process to test while generating, and It is described in Figure 82.Test result provides feedback and guidance to the improvement of the manufacturing process of outer arm sliding block.Parameter in technique is based on The result of test adjusts and new machining sample is then assessed on test fixture.

Manufacturing process process of this segment description sliding block from sample to SRFL outer arm.

First step development grinding process is to assess different machines.Test run is established in three different grinding machine On.Each machine uses identical ceramic cubic boron nitride (CBN) emery wheel and grinding wheel.Selecting CBN emery wheel is because it is for (1) Component is improved to the consistency of component, it is logical compared to aluminium oxide that (2) improve accuracy and (3) in the application for requiring slight errors It crosses between grinding wheel circulation and generates more fragments and improve efficiency.Each machine using identical feed rate be ground one group of sample and Every process once removes same amount of material.Setting fixture allows to test continuous grinding.It is tested on sample, because of sample Product are polished and test on wearing drilling machine.This method is public by keeping providing as fixture, emery wheel and the constant parameter of grinding wheel Flat mode is to assess grinder.

It is measured after every group of sample collection.The angular measurement of sliding block uses 654 coordinate measuring apparatus of Leitz PPM (CMM) it obtains.Surface finish measurement carries out on 120 talysurf of Mahr LD.Figure 83 shows slider angles control phase For grinding the result of machine equipment.The place more than line the result is that noticeable generation coating performance is degenerated.Target area is aobvious Show that the component for testing the angle does not have difference in life test.For two grinders for the angle in sample top shoe Do not meet target.It is very good to be showed by comparison third.By wear from drilling machine test result confirmation sliding interface to The angle more than target is sensitive.The grinder test and test that are incorporated in leading portion discussion facilitate the choosing of manufacturing equipment It selects.

Figure 84 summarizes the measurement result of the surface smoothness of same sample when angle data are as shown in Figure 83.For sliding The specification of the surface smoothness of block is established with the result that these are tested.Surface finish display more than restraining line reduces resistance to Long property.

Identical two grinders (A and B) do not meet surface smoothness target yet.The target of surface smoothness is to be based on The component of given type in polishing process the net change of surface smoothness and formulate.Since grinding process is as exceptional value Sample, be still exceptional value after polishing process.Therefore, in grinding action control surface smoothness be it is critically important, The sliding block for meeting final surface smoothness can be produced before coating after polishing.

Each machine is looked back and is measured.Grinder A and B has variation in the form of each pad in angle measurement.Knot Fruit implies the emery wheel vertical shift when it is ground sliding block.Vertical emery wheel movement is related to the entire of machine in this types of mills Rigidity.Machine stiffness can also influence the surface smoothness for being ground component.The sliding block of outer arm is ground to by test fixture requirement The specification of the rigidity confirmation of grinder C identification.

The empirical learning has arrived grinding sample and has used the outer arm of improved fixture grinding SRFF.However, outer arm has obviously Different challenges.Outer arm be designed as its by camshaft lobe activate direction on be rigid.Outer arm is in slider width direction Upper no this rigidity.

Clamp needs (1) to control each sliding block without bias, and each sliding block of (2) rigid support is applied with resisting by grinding The power and (3) added reliably repeats the process in mass production.

The improvement of outer arm fixture is from hand-operated clamping BOB(beginning of block).Each amendment of fixture attempts to remove bias simultaneously from damping mechanism And reduce the variation of grinding skin.Figure 85 describes fixture and designs improved as a result, it keeps outer during sliding block grinding action Arm.

By the surface finish quality for being improved to crucial SRFF outer arm sliding block specification of test plan group and in angle Form tolerance settings boundary.Study grinding action surface smoothness to generate after polishing the influence of final surface smoothness and For to intermediate technological standards constituting criterion.These parameters are improved for constructing equipment and member gripper to guarantee in high yield When ensure coating performance.

5.4.2 sliding block manufacture improves

Conclusion

In the DVVL system for including DFHLA and OCV component, it shows exceeds DLC coating structure on SRFF sliding block The good robustness and durability of car life requirements.Although DLC coating has been used to multi industries, to Automobile air door machine The product in structure market is limited.Work identification and quantify before the application of the DLC coating effect of surface finish work, DLC The manufacturing process of stress level and sliding block.The technology shows that the continuous manufacture of SRFF sliding block be suitable and satisfied.

Surface smoothness is crucial on sliding block to DLC coating is kept in entire life test.Test result is shown Initial failure is generated when surface smoothness is too coarse.The shape far beyond life cycle test requirements surface finish level is emphasized herein Condition.This method keeps DLC complete on the top of the Ni-based layer of chromium, so that SRFF parent metal will not expose contact camshaft lobe material Material.

Stress level on DLC sliding block is equally identified and proves.The needs controlled shoe edge angle are emphasized in test. It shows and increases a large amount of robustness to edge load effect since manufacturing tolerance increases to the crown of camshaft lobe.Setting is used for The specification of angle control is shown in beyond in service life life requirement test result.

In sliding interface it has also been found that the material of camshaft lobe is important factor.To the packaging based on DVVL system SRFF It is required that robustness is needed to cope with the sliding contact stress for reaching 1000MPa.These stress levels are coped with, high quality is needed Steel material splits to avoid the camshaft lobe for endangering the sliding interface service life.It is found to have steel camshaft material, crown and polishing Final system exceed service life life requirement.

Sliding block is produced in a large amount of manufacturing process and the technique of DLC is described.Crucial manufacture improvement concentrates on grinding and sets The fixture of alternative and Grinding wheel and the holding SRFF outer arm for manufacturing sliding block grinding process.The manufacturing process selection of selection is aobvious Show robustness to meet the specification of the guarantee durability sliding interface of engine life.

DLC coating on sliding block is shown beyond life requirements, is consistent with the result of system DVVL.On outer arm sliding block DLC coating show robustness by service condition.As a result, SRFF, which is designed, is suitble to four cylinder passenger car applications, it is therefore an objective to pass through Reducing engine pump under the operation of fractional load engine takes loss to improve fuel economy.The DLC coating sliding interface of DVVL It shows durability and is used in VVA technology in the application of different engine valves.

II. single salient angle cylinder deactivation system (CDA-1L) system embodiment explanation

1.CDA-1L SYSTEM SUMMARY

CDA-1L (Figure 88) is compact actuated by cams formula list salient angle cylinder deactivation (CDA-1L) switching rocker arm 1100, it is mounted on On piston driven internal combustion machine and combine double supply hydraulic lash adjuster (DFHLA) 110 and oil liquid control valve (OCV) 822 It is activated.

Referring to Fig.1 1,88,89 and 100, CDA-1L arrangement include four main components: oil liquid control valve (OCV) 822, double Supply hydraulic lash adjuster (DFHLA), CDA-1L switching rocker arm assembly (also referred to SRFF-1L) 1100, single salient angle cam 1320.Defaulting configuration is normal lift (clamping lock) position, in the position, the inner arm 1108 and outer arm 1102 of CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 Clamping lock together, causes engine valve to be opened and cylinder is allowed to run as standard valve mechanism.DFHLA110 has two A oil liquid mouth.Lower oil liquid mouth 512 provides backlash compensation, and similarly supplies engine oil with standard HLA.Upper oil liquid mouth 506 are known as switching pressure port, it provides channel between the latch 1202 in controlled oil pressure and SRFF-1L from OCV822. As meaning, when latch engagement, inner arm 1108 is run as standard rocker arm together with outer arm 1102 in SRFF-1L 1100 To open engine valve.In no lift (non-clamping lock) position, inner arm 1108 and outer arm 1102 can be moved independently so that cylinder Cylinder deactivation.

As shown in Figure 88 and 99, including a pair of idle running torque spring 1124 with the position of bias inner arm 1108, so that this is interior Arm is always maintained at continuous contact camshaft lobe 1320.The torque spring 1124 that dallies is required than using the design of multiple salient angles higher Preload to promote the continuous contact between camshaft lobe 1320 and inner arm roller bearing 1116.

Figure 89 shows in SRFF-1L 1100 inner arm 1108 and outer arm 1102 along 1202 mechanism of latch and roller bearing 1116 detail view.The function that SRFF-1L 1100 is designed keeps similar packaging, and compared to the structure with more than one salient angle Type reduces the complexity of camshaft 1300, for example, the separation for each position SRFF can be removed without lift lobe.

As shown in Figure 91, for the complete CDA system 1400 of a cylinder include an OCV822, two SRFF-1L rocker arm 1100 is with for being vented, two SRFF-1L rocker arms 1100 are used for each SRFF-1L 1110 to be used for air inlet A DFHLA110 and each SRFF-1L 1100 of driving single salient angle camshaft 1300.In addition, CDA1400 system designs At making SRFF-1L 1100 and DFHLA110 be identical for air inlet and exhaust.This arrangement allows single OCV822 to cut simultaneously Change each of four SRFF-1L rocker arm assemblies 1100 needed for cylinder deactivation.Finally, system is by from ECU825 Electronic control, so as to OCV822 is in normal lift mode and without switching between lift mode.

It is shown in Figure 90 for an exhaust and an intake valve using the engine arrangement of SRFF-1L 1100. The packaging of SRFF-1L 1100 is similar to the packaging of Standard Gases door machine structure.Cylinder head needs to change to provide oil liquid from lower channel 805 supply (Figure 88,91) to OCV822.In addition, second (on) oil passage 802 needs to connect OCV822's and DFHLA110 Switching port 506.Base engine cylinder cap framework keeps identical, thus in valve center line, camshaft centerline and DRHLA110 Heart line is kept constant.Since these three center lines are kept relative to standard valve mechanism, and since SRFF-1L 1110 is protected Hold compact, cylinder head height, length and width are almost unchanged compared to standard valvetrain system.

2.CDA-1L system enabling tool

The some technologies used within the system have for a variety of applications in different application, they are described herein thus Locate the component of disclosed DVVL system.They include:

2.1 oil liquid control valves (OCV)

As described in the part of front, and as shown in Figure 88,91,92 and 93, oil liquid control valve (OCV) 822 is to draw It leads or does not guide pressurized hydraulic fluid to cause rocker arm 100 in normal lift mode and without the control dress switched between lift mode It sets.OCV is by intelligent control, such as uses the control signal sent by ECU825.

2.2 pairs of supply hydraulic lash adjusters (DFHLA)

In the presence of many for maintaining the hydraulic lash regulating device of engine intermediate gap.For the DVVL switching (figure of rocker arm 100 4) conventional gap control, is needed, but tradition HLA device deficiency, to provide required oil liquid demand for switching, it needs to be subjected to transporting It is loaded between the departure date by the associated side that component 100 applies and is suitble to restricted packaging space.Describe a kind of and switching rocker arm The 100 compact double supply hydraulic lash adjusters 110 (DFHLA) being used together, there is one group to be used to provide with low consumption for it The parameter and shape and one group for optimizing oil flow pressure are for managing the parameter and shape of side loads.

As shown in Figure 10, ball plunger end 601 is assemblied in ball seat 502, directive to allow to rotate freely.This allows The side at the ball plunger end 601 in certain operation modes and possible asymmetric load, such as cut when from high lift to low lift When changing or vice versa.With the typical ball end plug for HLA device on the contrary, DFHLA110 ball plunger end 601 uses thinner material Plunger thickness 510 is shown in FIG. 11 to resist side loads in building.

The material selected for ball plunger end 601 can also have it is higher allow kinetic stress to load, such as chrome alum alloy.

Hydraulic flow path is designed as declining for high-pressure flow and low pressure in DFHLA110, to ensure constant hydraulic switching With reduction pumping loss.DFHLA is mounted on the in-engine cylinder containing seat for being dimensioned to seal relative to outer surface 511 It is interior, as shown in Figure 11.Cylinder containing seat is combined with the first oil flow channel 504 to form the closed jet with particular cross section region Body path.

As shown in Figure 11, preferred embodiment includes four oil stream mouths 506 (only showing two), they are with equidistant side Formula is arranged around the substrate of the first oil flow channel 504.In addition, two the second oil flow channels 508 surround goalpost in a manner of equidistant It fills in end 601 to arrange, and the first oil flow channel 504 is in fluid communication by oil liquid mouth 506.Oil liquid mouth 506 and the first oil flow channel 504 separate with specific region dimensional fits and around DFHLA110 body portion, oily from the first oil flow channel 504 to third to ensure 509 oil liquid Uniform Flow of circulation road and pressure drop minimum.Third oil flow channel 509 is designed and sized to combine from multiple second oil The oil stream of circulation road 508.

2.3 detections and measurement

Using sensor acquire information can be used for verifying switch mode, identification error condition or provide information analysis and For switch logic and timing.As can be seen that the detection of previously described suitable DVVL system and measurement embodiment can be with It is applied to CDA-1L system.Therefore, valve position and/or motion detection used in DVVL and logic can also be used in CDA system In system.Similarly, for DVVL system, the relative position/movement of position/movement or rocker arm relative to each other used in rocker arm Determination in detection and logic can be used in CDA system.

2.4 torque springs design and implement

The design of steady torque spring 1124 provides the torque bigger than conventionally known rocker design, at the same keep it is high can By property, which enables CDA-1L system to keep appropriate operation through all dynamic operationals.Torque spring 1124 is set Meter and manufacture describe in the paragraph below.

3. switching control and logic

3.1 engines are implemented

CDA-1L embodiment may include any amount of cylinder, such as 4 and 6 single-row cylinder arrangements and 6 or 8 Cylinder in V-arrangement.

3.2 to rocker arm assembly hydraulic fluid transportation system

As shown in Figure 91, hydraulic fluid system conveys engine oil to CDA-1L switching rocker arm with controlled pressure 1100.In this arrangement, the engine oil adjusted from the no pressure of cylinder head 801 is supplied by lower oil passage 805 Enter DFHLA110.The oil liquid is always in fluid communication with the lower mouth 512 of DFHLA110, for carrying out conventional hydraulic gap tune at this It is whole.The engine oil adjusted from the no pressure of cylinder head 801 is also fed to oil control valve 822.From OCV822 and by The hydraulic fluid being supplied under the pressure of control is supplied to oil passage 802.The switching of OCV822 determines each CDA-1L rocker arm The lift mode of 1100 components, the component include the CDA cylinder deactivation system 1400 for giving cylinder.Such as following paragraphs institute It states, the actuating of OCV valve 822 is used by control unit of engine 825 based on to special physical configuration, switch window and series behaviour The logic of for example a certain number of cylinders of information-and specific oil temperature-of making condition detection and storage carries out.From upper channel 802 The pressure come adjusts hydraulic fluid and is introduced into DFHLA110 suitable for reading 506, it is passed to switching rocker arm assembly 1100 at this.Liquid Pressure fluid is communicated to 1202 component of latch pin by rocker arm assembly 1100, and fluid be used to start normal lift and nothing at this Switching between lift condition.

Accumulation air is removed in upper channel 802 to keep hydraulic stiffness and minimize vibration to be weight in pressure rise period It wants.Pressure rise period directly affect handover operation during latch traveling time.Passive bleeding point 832 shown in Figure 91 The high point being added in upper channel 802 is drained into the cylinder head air space below valve cap with the air that will build up on.

3.2.1 it is conveyed for the hydraulic fluid of normal lift mode

Figure 92 shows the default location without electric signal to OCV822 of SRFF-1L 1100, it is also shown that is normally rising The section of the following system and component that enable to run in journey mode: OCV822, DFHLA110, late spring 1204, latch 1202, Outer arm 1102, cam 1302, roller bearing 1116, inner arm 1108, valve pad 1140 and engine valve 112.In lower channel 805 Unadjusted engine oil pressure be in fluid communication DFHLA110 backlash compensation (under) mouth 512 so as to can be carried out standard clearance mend It repays.OCV822 adjusts the oil pressure to upper oil passage 802, and oil passage is then when not having ECU825 electric signal with 0.2- on this 0.4 bar of supply oil liquid is to suitable for reading 506.The pressure value, which is lower than, needs compression latch spring 1204 to move the pressure of latch pin 1202 Power.The pressure value is for keeping oil liquid circuit full of oil liquid and no air, to realize required system response.Cam 1320 salient angles contact roller bearing, make outer arm 1102 around DFHLA110 ball base rotary to open and close valve.Work as latch 1202 when being engaged, and SRFF-1L is functionally similar to standard RFF rocker arm assembly.

3.2.2 for the hydraulic fluid conveying without lift mode

Figure 93 A, B and C show detail view of the SRFF-1L 1100 during cylinder deactivation (no lift mode).Engine control is single Member (ECU) 825 (Figure 91) provides a signal to OCV822 and causes its retraction to which oil pressure is supplied to latch 1202, as shown in Figure 93 B. The pressure for needing to be fully retracted latch is 2 bars or higher.Higher 1124 (figure of torque spring in the list salient angle CDA embodiment 88,99) preloading enables camshaft lobe 1320 to be kept in contact 1108 roller bearing 1116 of inner arm when it occurs in lost motion, And the engine valve as shown in Figure 93 C remains turned-off.

3.3 operating parameter

One key factor of operation CDA system 1400 (Figure 91) is normal lift mode and switches before without lift mode Reliable control.CDA valve actuation system 1400 can be only switched between modes in predetermined time window.Institute as above It states, is switched to low lift mode and inverse operation from high lift mode and passes through from the control unit of engine for using logic (ECU) signal of 825 (Figure 91) starts, the information which is stored, such as the switching window for specific physical configuration Mouthful, the service condition of storage and the processing data by sensor collection.Switch window duration is true by CDA system physical configuration Fixed, which includes number of cylinders, the number of cylinders, valve stroke duration, engine speed and the liquid that are controlled by single OCV The intrinsic latch response time in voltage-controlled system and mechanical system.

3.3.1 data are collected

Real time sensor information includes such as the example CDA-1L system shown in Figure 91 from the input of any amount of sensor System 1400.As previously mentioned, sensor may include 1) valve stem displacement 829, it is poor using linear variable in one embodiment Dynamic converter (LVDT) measurement, 2) use hall effect sensor or movement/position 828 and the latch position of motion detector 827,3) using the DFHLA mobile 826,4 close to switch, hall effect sensor or other devices) oil pressure 830 and 5) oil temperature 890.Camshaft rotation position and speed can be collected directly or be derived from engine speed sensor.

In the VVA system of hydraulic actuation, oil temperature influences the hydraulic pressure system for switching in the system of such as CDA and VVL The rigidity of system.If oil liquid is subcooled, its viscosity slows down switching time, leads to failure.The temperature relation describes to use in Figure 96 Switch 1100 system 1400 of rocker arm in example CDA-1L.Accurate oil temperature provides accurate information, and the oil temperature is in an embodiment party It is obtained in formula using sensor 890 shown in Figure 91, which is located at point of use nearby rather than is located at engine oil crankshaft Case.In one embodiment, the oil temperature in CDA system 1400 is monitored near pressure control valve (OCV) 822, which must 20 degrees Celsius must be greater than or equal to operate to start with the hydraulic stiffness of needs without lift (non-clamping lock).Measurement, which can use, appoints The commercially available component of what quantity, such as thermocouple.Oil liquid control valve United States Patent (USP) disclosed on April 15th, 2010 Apply further describing in US2010/0018482 disclosed on January 28th, US2010/008937 and 2010, this two documents exist This is incorporated by reference.

Sensor information inputs control unit of engine (ECU) 825 as real time execution parameter.

The information of 3.4 storages

3.4.1 switch window algorithm

SRFF is required from normal lift to no lift (cylinder deactivation) state and pattern switching on the contrary.Switching requires to occur To ensure engine operation appropriate during less than one cam axle.Pattern switching can be occurred over just when SRFF is in convex When on the basic circle 1322 (Figure 101) of wheel 1320.Switching cannot occur when latch 1202 (Figure 93) quilt between valve lift state When load and movement are limited.Transition period of the latch 1202 between fully and partially engagement must be controlled to prevent latch 1202 slidings.Switch window recognition mode in conjunction with the electromechanical latch response time intrinsic in CDA system 1400 (Figure 91) is cut The opportunity changed.

The expectation function parameter of SRFF based on CDA system 1400 is analogous to the V-type switching roller lifter produced now. Normal lift and be to occur to revolve during 1322 event of basic circle and with camshaft 1300 without the mode switching set between lift Synchronization is set in indexing.SRFF default location is set as normal lift.V-type CDA product system is also similar to that according to the oil stream that SRFF is controlled System.

Critical conversion is defined as the unexpected event that may occur when latch portion engages, and leads to valve partly Promote or sharply fall back to valve seating.When switching command is same in aforementioned oil temperature, the parameter of engine speed and camshaft location It is performed during step switching, such case is unlikely that.Critical change event causes impact load to DFHLA110, May require high-intensitive DFHLA-as described in previous section-using as enabled systems component.

Basic synchronism switching for CDA system 1400 describes in Figure 94.Exhaust valve molded line 1450 and air inlet gas Gate line 1452 is plotted as the function of camshaft angle.Required switch window is limited to the sum of the time that following operation needs: 1) OCV822 valve supply pressurization oil liquid, 2) hydraulic system pressure overcomes biasing spring 1204 and causes that latch 1202 is mechanical to be moved It is dynamic and 3) from no lift to normal lift and latch 1202 that mode conversion on the contrary needs is completely mobile.Implement in the exhaust In example, once 1454 exc. of switch window period there is, until exhaust starts to be again turned on.Latch 1202 rises in exhaust It keeps being limited during journey event.The timing window that can lead to the critical conversion 1456 being described in detail in the following paragraphs is indicated in In Figure 94.Switch window for air inlet can be described relative to air inlet lift profile in a similar manner.

Latch preloads

1100 switching mechanism of CDA-1L rocker arm is designed to that after latch gap is absorbed, liquid can be applied to latch 1202 Pressure pressure causes function not change.The design parameter allows hydraulic pressure to pass through during intake valve lift events OCV822 is started in upper oil passage 822.Once intake valve lift profile 1452 returns to 1322 no-load condition of basic circle, door bolt Lock just completes it and moves to specific clamping lock or non-clamping lock mode.Design parameter help maximizes variable switch window.

The hydraulic response time relative to temperature

Figure 96 shows dependence of 1202 response time of latch to the oil temperature for using SAE 5W-30 oil liquid.1202 sound of latch Reflection latch 1202 is moved to the duration of no lift (non-clamping lock) position or vice versa from normal lift (clamping lock) between seasonable.? Switch in pressure port 506 in 20 DEG C of oil temperatures and 3 bars of oil ten milliseconds of 1202 response time requirements of latch of pressure.In uniform pressure condition At such as 40 DEG C of higher running temperature, the latch response time reduces to 5 milliseconds.The hydraulic response time is for determining switch window.

Variable valve timing

Referring to Figure 94 and 95, the drive system that some camshaft drive systems are designed as relative to camshaft angle than standard has There is bigger phase permission/actuating range.The technology can be described as variable valve timing, and when determining allows switch window to continue Between 1454 when must consider together with engine speed.

Valve stroke molded line is shown in Figure 95 with the chart that camshaft angle changes, and describes variable valve timing to switching The influence of window duration 1454.Exhaust valve lift molded line 1450 and the display of intake valve lift profile 1452, which do not have, to be led The typical recycling (seeing also Figure 94) of the variable valve timing ability without switch window 1455 of cause, exhaust valve lift molded line 1460 There is the typical recycling for the variable valve timing ability for leading to no switch window 1464 with the display of intake valve lift profile 1462. The embodiment of the variable valve timing causes increase no 1458 duration of switch window.Assuming that the variable gas of 120 crank angles Door timing ability continues between exhaust and admission cam shaft, then the time persistently converts 1458 under 3500rpm engine speed It is 6 milliseconds.

Figure 97 is to show the chart for influencing switching time variation measured and calculated due to temperature and cam phase.The chart base In range from 420 crank angles with 1468 camshaft phase of minimum overlay to the camshaft phase with Maximum overlap 1466 The switch window of 540 crank angles.For 40 DEG C -120 DEG C of normal engine running temperature, 5 milliseconds of latch response time Display is on the graph.From ECU825 switching signal start until hydraulic pressure be adequate to bring about latch 1202 movement it is hydraulic to measure Response changes 1470.Based on using the CDA system 1400 of OCV control hydraulic oil pressure to study, maximum changes about 10 milliseconds.The liquid Pressure response variation 1470 is in view of oil pressure, temperature and the voltage to OCV822 in engine.Phase with minimum overlay 1468 Position position provides 20 milliseconds of available switching time under 3500rpm engine speed, and total latch response time is 15 milliseconds, table Show switching pot life and 5 milliseconds of surplus between 1202 response time of latch.

Figure 98 equally illustrate calculate and measurement due to temperature and cam phase influence switching time variation.Illustrate base In range from 420 crank angles with 1468 camshaft phase of minimum overlay to 540 with 1466 camshaft phase of Maximum overlap The switch window of crank angle.For 20 DEG C of cold engine running temperature, 10 milliseconds of latch response time is shown in the figure Show.Hydraulic response variation 1470 is started from ECU825 switching signal until hydraulic pressure causes the mobile progress of latch 1202 enough Measurement.Based on using the CDA system 1400 of OCV control hydraulic oil pressure to study, maximum changes about 10 milliseconds.The hydraulic response becomes Change 1470 in view of oil pressure, temperature and the voltage to OCV822 in engine.Phase with minimum overlay 1468 exists 20 milliseconds of available switching time is provided under 3500rpm engine speed, total latch response time is 20 milliseconds, this indicates switching The design margin of reduction between 1202 response time of pot life and latch.

3.4.2 the operating parameter of storage

These variables include engine configuration parameter, for example, with running temperature variation the estimated latch response time and can be changed Valve timing.

3.5 control logic

As it appears from the above, during the small predetermined window time that CDA switching occurs over just under certain operating conditions, and in timing Switching CDA system except window may cause critical change event, this can lead to valve mechanism and/or other engine components Damage.Since engine condition such as oil pressure, temperature, discharge and load may repeat to change, high speed processor analysis can be used They are compared with the known operating parameter of characterization work system, reconcile result to determine when to switch by real time status, and Send switching signal.These operations per second can execute hundreds of times or thousands of times.In embodiments, this computing function can be with It is carried out by application specific processor or by the existing multipurpose automobile control system of referred to as control unit of engine (ECU).Typical ECU With the input section for analog- and digital- data, the processing section including microprocessor, programmable storage, random access memory Device and deferent segment, the deferent segment may include relay, switch and warning lamp actuating.

In one embodiment, control unit of engine shown in Figure 91 (ECU) 825 receives defeated from multiple sensors Enter, such as valve stem displacement 829, movement/position 828, latch position 827, DFHLA movement 826, oil pressure 830 and oil temperature 890. Running temperature and pressure, the data of switch window such as to the permission of given engine speed store in memory.It receives in real time The information integrated, which is then compared and is analyzed to the information of storage, provides logic as ECU825 switching timing and control.

After input is analyzed, control signal is transferred to OCV822 by ECU825 to initialize handover operation, the behaviour Make periodically to meet engine performance target simultaneously to avoid critical change event, such as improves fuel economy and the row of reduction It puts.If desired, ECU825 also reminds driver's erroneous condition.

4.CDA-1L rocker arm assembly

Figure 99 shows the perspective view of example CDA-1L rocker arm 1100.CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 only provides in an illustrative manner, It is appreciated that the configuration of the CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 of subject matter is not limited to be included in CDA-1L rocker arm shown in figure 1100 configuration.

As shown in Figure 99 and 100, CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 includes having the first outer webs 1104 and the second outer webs 1106 Outer arm 1102.Inner arm 1108 is placed between the first outer webs 1104 and the second outer webs 1106.Inner arm 1108 has in first Side arm 1110 and the second inner webs 1112.Both inner arm 1108 and outer arm 1102 are installed to the first end of neighbouring rocker arm 1100 Inner arm 1108 is fixed to outer arm 1102 simultaneously also when rocker arm 1110 is in no lift condition by 1101 pivotal axis 1114, the pivotal axis When allow around the pivotal axis 1114 pivot rotate freely angle.In addition to shown has mounted to outer arm 1102 and inner arm Other than the embodiment of 1108 independent pivotal axis 1114, pivotal axis 1114 can also be integrated into inner arm 1102 or outer arm 1108。

CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 has bearing 1190, which is included in the first inner webs 1110 and the second inner webs 1112 Between be mounted on roller 1116 on bearing axis 1118, rocker arm during normal operation, which is used for from the cam of rotation (not Show) deliver energy to rocker arm 1110.Roller 1116 is installed on bearing axis 1118 allows bearing 1190 to rotate around axis 1118, The axis 118 is for reducing the friction generated by the contact of the cam rotated and roller 1116.As described here, roller 1116 rotates Fixed to inner arm 1108, which can then rotate relative to outer arm 1102 around pivotal axis 1114 under certain condition.Institute It states in embodiment, bearing axis 1118 is installed to inner arm 1108 in the bearing axis hole 1260 of inner arm 1108 and extends through outer The bearing axial trough 1126 of arm 1102.Other configurations are also possible when using bearing axis 1118, such as bearing axis 1118 does not prolong It extends through bearing axial trough 1126 but is still mounted in the bearing axis hole 1260 of inner arm 1108.

When rocker arm 1110 is in no lift condition, when the lift part (1324 in Figure 101) of cam starts contact bearing When 1190 roller 1116, inner arm 1108 pivots downwards relative to outer arm 1102, to be pressed down against outer arm.Axial trough 1126 allows Bearing axis 1118 and therefore inner arm 1108 and bearing 1190 move down.As cam continues to rotate, the lift part of cam The roller 1116 of bearing 1190 is left, thus since bearing axis 1118 by bearing axis torque spring 1124 allows axis to biased 1190 are held to move up.Shown bearing axis spring 1124 is to be fixed to be located on outer arm 1102 by spring retainer 1130 Support 1150 torque spring.Torque spring 1124 is fixed adjacent to the second end 1103 of rocker arm 1100 and has and bearing axis The spring arm 1127 of 1118 contacts.When bearing axis 1118 and spring arm 1127 move down, bearing axis 1118 is along spring arm 1127 slidings.Rocker arm 1100 has adjacent to the fixed torque spring of the second end 1103 of rocker arm 1100, adjacent to the first of rocker arm Configuration of the pivotal axis 1114 and bearing axis 1118 at end 1101 between pivotal axis 1114 and axis spring 1124, which reduces, to be shaken Quality near the first end 1101 of arm.

As shown in Figure 101 and 102, valve stem 1350 also contacts the rocker arm near the first end 1101 of rocker arm 1100 1100, therefore the Mass lost of the reduction quality of entire valve mechanism (not shown) at the first end 1101 of rocker arm 1100, from And reduce power necessary to the speed for changing valve mechanism.It should be noted that other spring configurations can be used for bias bearing axis 1118, Such as single continuous spring.

Figure 100 shows the decomposition view of CDA-1L rocker arm 1100 in Figure 99.The decomposition view of Figure 100 and the assembling view of Figure 99 Illustrate bearing 1190, include the substantial cylindrical roller 1116 combined with needle 1200 needle roll-type bearing, the bearing is mountable Onto bearing axis 1118.Bearing 1190 is used to transmit the spinning movement of cam to rocker arm 100, and then transmitting is acted to valve stem In 1350, such as the configuration shown in Figure 101 and 102.As shown in Figure 99 and 100, bearing axis 1118 may be mounted at inner arm 1108 Bearing axis hole 1260 in.In this configuration, the axial trough 1126 of outer arm 1102 accommodates bearing axis 1118 and allows bearing axis 1118 carry out lost motion and when rocker arm 1100 is in no lift condition by extending inner arm 1108." idle running " movement can consider It is the rotary motion for not transmitting cam of rocker arm to the movement of valve.In said embodiment, idle running is opposite by inner arm 1108 It is embodied in outer arm 1102 around the pivoting action of pivotal axis 1114.

In addition to other settings of bearing 1190 also allow to act from cam transmission to rocker arm 1100.For example, having camshaft The flat (not shown) of surface without spin at the interface of salient angle (1320 in Figure 101) can be leaned in opposite inner arm 1108 and rocker arm 1100 The region of bearing 1190 shown in nearly Figure 99 is mounted on or is integrally formed to inner arm 1108.This surface without spin may include being formed Friction pad on surface without spin.In another embodiment, alternative bearing, such as the axis with multiple concentric rollers It holds, can be used for effectively substituting bearing 1190.

Referring to Figure 99 and 100, as foot 1140 is mounted on pivotal axis 1114 between the first and second inner webs 1110,1112 On.Pivotal axis 1114 is installed in interior pivot axis hole 1220 and outer pivot axis hole 1230 close to the first end 1101 of rocker arm 1100. The lip 1240 being formed on inner wall 1108 prevents from rotating as foot 1140 around pivotal axis 1114.As foot 1140 engages valve stem 1350 end, as shown in Figure 102.In an alternate embodiment, it can remove as foot 1140, instead, with valve The interface surface of the termini-complementary of bar 1350 can be placed on pivotal axis 1114.

Side view and front view of the rocker arm 1100 relative to cam 1300 is shown respectively in Figure 101 and 102, which, which has, rises Journey salient angle 1320, the lift lobe have basic circle 1322 and lift part 1324.Roller 1116 is shown as contact lift lobe 1320.Double supply hydraulic lash adjuster (DFHLA) 110 contact the rocker arm 1100 near the second end 1103 of rocker arm, and Application upwards pressure to rocker arm 1100, particularly outer rocker arm 1102, while reducing valve clearance.Valve stem 1350 closes on rocker arm 1100 contact of first end 1101 is as foot 1140.In normal lift state, rocker arm 1100 periodically pushes down on valve stem 1350, this is used to open corresponding valve (not shown).

4.1 torque spring

As described below, rocker arm 1100 can be subjected to the excessive of slack adjuster 110 in no lift condition and pump, this be by In the beginning or other reasons of excessive oil pressure, unsteady state condition.When the oil liquid that pressurizes is internal full of its, this can lead to gap The increase of the effective length of adjuster 110.Such case may occur for example during engine cold starting, if not on inspection It then needs to take a significant amount of time itself to solve, and can even lead to permanent engine damage.In this case, it fastens with a bolt or latch Lock 1202 is unable to actuator rocker arm 1100 until slack adjuster 110 returns to normal operation length.In this case, gap adjusts Device applies upward pressure to outer arm 1102, makes outer arm 1102 close to cam 1300.

Lost motion torque spring 1124 on SRFF-1L is designed as providing enough power to keep rolling during no lift is run Axis of a cylinder holds 1116 contact camshaft lift salient angles 1320, therefore ensures that the controlled acceleration and deceleration and inner arm of inner arm sub-component 1108 arrive the controlled return of latched position, while retaining latch gap.Pump situation require stronger torque spring 1124 with Compensation is from the additional force pumped.

The rectangular metal silk section of torque spring 1124 keeps the low the moment of inertia and offer of component for reducing packaging space Enough depth of sections are to support operation to load.Stress calculation described below and FEA, test verifying are for developing torque spring 1124 components.

The technique that designs and manufactures of torque spring 1124 (Figure 99) is described, which, which forms, has by selected structural wood The compact design of substantially rectangular wire made of expecting.

Referring to Figure 30 A, 30B and 99, torque spring 1124 is constructed by the wire 397 of generally trapezoidal shape.The trapezoidal shape Wire 397 is allowed to be deformed into when shape is designed as the applied force during coiling process substantially rectangular.Torque spring 1124 is wound Later, the shape for being formed by wire can be described as being similar to the first wire 396 with substantially rectangular cross-section.Figure 99 Two torque spring embodiments are shown, being shown as section is multi-coil 398,399.In the preferred embodiment, metal Silk 396 has rectangular cross sectional shape, it has, and there are two elongate sides-to be expressed as vertical side 402,404, top 401 and bottom herein 403.The ratio at the average length of the side 402,404 of the coil of wire and top 401 and bottom 403 can be any value less than 1.It should Ratio to be greater than along the rigidity of coil of wire axis of bending 400 by having and the top 401 of the coil of wire 398 and being averaged for bottom 403 The spring coil rigidity of the circular metal silk winding of the diameter of equal length is big.In alternative embodiment, cross section metal silk Shape has generally trapezoidal shape, it has biggish top 401 and lesser bottom 403.

In this configuration, when the coil of wire is wound, the elongate sides of the elongate sides 402 of each coil of wire against the previous coil of wire 402, so that torque spring 1124 be made to keep stablizing.Shape and arrangement keep all coils of wire in vertical position, prevent them from pressing It mutually crosses or is aligned when under power.

When rocker arm assembly 1100 is run, substantially rectangular or trapezoidal torque spring 1124-when they around Figure 30 A and Axis 400 shown in 30B be bent when-the high partial pressure of generation, especially upper face 401 on tensile stress.In order to meet The combination of life requirement, material and technology is applied together.For example, torque spring can be by the material including chrome alum steel alloy It is made, intensity and durability is improved together with the design system.Torque spring can be heated and be quickly cooled down to be tempered spring.This drop Low remainder stress.It is used to form the surface of the wire 396,397 of torque spring with projectile impact, or uses " spray Residual stress in surface of the ball processing " to handle wire 396,397.Wire 396,397 is then rolled up into torque spring 134,136.Due to being processed by shot-peening, being formed by torque spring can be bigger than not carrying out the same spring receiving of bead Tensile stress.

4.2 torque spring seats

As shown in Figure 100, knob 1262 from the stretching of the end of bearing axis 1118 and forms slot 1264, and spring arm 1127 It is placed in the slot 1264.In an alternative solution, hollow bearing axis 1118 and isolated spring mounting pin can be used (not Show), the spring mounting pin include for example for installing spring arm 1127, the features of such as knob 1262 and slot 1264.

4.3 outer arm components

4.3.1 latch mechanism describes

Mechanism for selectively stopping rocker arm 1100 is shown, which is shaking in the illustrated embodiment in Figure 100 The second end 1103 of arm 1100 is nearby as it can be seen that the mechanism is shown as including latch 1202, late spring 1204, spring retainer 1206 and clip 1208.Latch 1202 is configured to be mounted on inside outer arm 1102.Late spring 1204 is placed in latch 1202 simultaneously And it is secured in position by late spring retainer 1206 and clip 1208.Once installation, late spring 1204 is just towards rocker arm 1100 1101 bias latch 1202 of first end, so that latch enable 1202, particularly contact portion 1210 engage inner arm 1108, Thus prevent inner arm 1108 mobile relative to outer arm 1102.When latch 1202 engages inner arm in this way, at rocker arm 1100 In normal lift state, and will act from cam transmitting to valve stem.

In assembled rocker arm 1100, latch 1202 normal lift and without between lift condition alternately.When for example logical When crossing the oil pressure for the biasing force that the application of mouth 1212 is enough to offset late spring 1204, rocker arm 1100 can be into no lift condition, should Mouthfuls 1212 are constructed to allow for oil pressure to be applied to the surface of latch 1202.When applying oil pressure, towards the second end of rocker arm 1100 1103 push latch 1202, thus withdraw the latch engaged with inner arm 1108 1202 and inner arm is allowed to revolve around pivotal axis 1114 Turn.In normal lift and without in lift condition the two, the straight line portion 1250 of orientation folder 1214 engages at flat surfaces 1218 Latch 1202.Orientation folder 1250 is mounted in folder hole 1216, therefore the level of straight line portion 1250 is kept relative to rocker arm 1100 Orientation.This orientation of flat surfaces 1218 is also limited to it is horizontal, thus along appropriate direction orientation latch 1202 with consistently Engage inner arm 1108.

4.3.2 latch pin designs

As shown in Figure 93 A, B, C, the latch 1202 of SRFF-1L rocker arm 1100 is retracted into outer arm 1202 in no lift mode In, while 1108 followup cam axis lift lobe 1320 of inner arm.Under certain condition, from no lift mode to normal lift mode Transition can lead to situation shown in Figure 103, latch 1202 inner arm 1108 return to 1202 normal engagement of latch position it Preceding stretching.

Rejoin features be added to SRFF with prevent wherein inner arm 1108 be blocked and be trapped in the position below of latch 1202 The case where setting.Optimization inner arm slope surface 1474 and latch slope surface 1472 when inner arm 1108 contacts latch slope surface 1472 to provide to contracting The gentle latch 1202 that return is set is mobile.The design avoids to be caused by the pressure change of switching pressure port 506 (Figure 88) Latch mechanism damage.

4.4 systems packaging

SRFF-1L design, which concentrates on being laid out compared to standardized product, minimizes valve mechanism packaging variation.Important design Parameter includes that cam lobe is right relative to the axial direction between the relative displacement and steel camshaft and aluminium cylinder lid of SRFF ball bearing Together.Steel and aluminium parts have different thermal expansion coefficients, and the thermal expansion can be relative to SRFF-1L switching cam crown of roll angle.

Figure 104 show single camshaft salient angle relative to 1100 outer arm 1102 of SRFF-1L and bearing 1116 appropriate alignment with Bad alignment.Appropriate alignment display camshaft lift salient angle 1320 is in the centre of roller bearing 1116.Single camshaft salient angle 1320 It is designed as avoiding the edge load 1428 on roller bearing 1116 with SRFF-1L 1100 and camshaft lobe 1320 is avoided to contact 1480 outer arms 1102.Camshaft is removed in more salient angle CDA configurations to be reduced without lift lobe to tight manufacturing tolerance, camshaft The requirement of salient angle width and position assembling control, is similar to Camshaft Manufacturing Engineering convex with the standard on model II engine The technique of wheel shaft.

4.5CDA-1L latch mechanism hydraulic operation

As previously mentioned, pumping is term for describing this situation, in the situation, HLA is more than that it is expected work Size, so that anti-air-stop gate returns to its seat during basic circle event.

Rolling, which is applied to, during standard valve system and camshaft basic circle event are shown below Figure 105 refers to servo-actuated device assembly (RFF) power on 1496.Hydraulic lash adjuster power 1494 is the hydraulic lash tune generated by oil pressure in backlash compensation mouth 1491 The combination of whole device (HLA) 1493 power and HLA inner spring power.Cam reaction force 1490 is between camshaft 1320 and RFF bearing. Reaction force 1492 is between 112 head of RFF1496 and valve.Must counteracting forces prevent gas so as to valve spring force 1492 Door 112 is not intended to open.If the valve reaction force 1492 and cam reaction forces 1490 that generated by HLA power 1492 are more than to need It takes a seat the power of taking a seat of valve 112, then valve 112 will be lifted and stay open during basic circle operation, this is undesirable 's.The description of the fixed arm system of standard does not include dynamic operation load.

It designs SRFF-1L 1100 and also in addition considers pumping when system is in no lift mode.Work as SRFF-1L 1100 in no lift mode when DFHLA110 pump can cause wherein inner arm 1108 cannot return to latch 1202 and can weigh The case where position of new engagement inner arm 1108.

When SRFF-1L 1100 is in normal lift mode, SRFF-1L 1100 is similar to standard RFF1496 (Figure 105) Reaction.Latch gap needed for keeping is to switch SRFF-1L 1100 while prevent from pumping, in addition to needing to return to inner arm 1108 To outside the twisting resistance of its clamping lock bonding station, also by applying additional force from torque spring 1124 to overcome HLA active force 1494 It solves.

Figure 106 shows the dynamic balance being applied on SRFF-1L 1100 when system is in no lift mode: being mended by gap Repay the DFHLA power 1499 that the oil pressure at mouth 512 (Figure 88) generates and adds plunger spring power 1498,1490 He of cam reaction force Torque spring power 1495.The torsion 1495 generated by spring 1124 is converted to and is acted on by bearing axis 1118 and spring arm 1127 Reactive spring force 1500 on inner arm 1108.

Torque spring 1124 in SRFF-1L rocker arm assembly 1100 is designed as providing enough power, in no lift mode Period keep roller bearing 1116 contact camshaft lift salient angle 1320, therefore ensure that control 1108 sub-component of inner arm acceleration and Slow down and inner arm 1108 is made to return to latched position, while retaining latch gap 1205.It is used for when system is in no lift mode The torque spring 1124 that SRFF-1L 1100 is designed designs the oil pressure variation being additionally contemplates that at backlash compensation mouth 512.Oil pressure is adjusted The load requirement of torque spring 1124 can be reduced, this is acted directly on spring sizes.

Figure 107 indicates the requirement of the oil pressure in backlash compensation pressure port 512.Only when system in no lift mode Shi Yaoqiu Oil pressure is limited to SRFF-1L.In view of synchronism switching as previously described, to the temperature limiting lower than 20 DEG C without lift mode.

4.6CDA-1L pack clearance management

Figure 108 shows the latch gap 1205 of SRFF-1L 1100.For single salient angle CDA system, overall mechanical gap 1505 Be reduced to 1205 value of dead lock gap, this and for more than one salient angle CDA design cam shaft clearance 1504 and door bolt It is opposite to lock the sum of gap 1205.Latch gap 1205 to SRFF-1L1100 is the distance between latch 1202 and inner arm 1108.

Figure 109 is compared designed for the opening slope on the camshaft of three salient angle SRFF and single salient angle SRFF-1L (opening ramp)。

By eliminating cam shaft clearance for the design of single salient angle SRFF-1L.The elimination of cam shaft clearance 1504 allows Camshaft lift molded line is advanced optimized, the optimization is by making lift slope reduce 1510 and therefore allowing longer lift events It carries out.The camshaft of SRFF-1L is opened slope 1506 and is opened tiltedly relative to camshaft needed for the similar Design for using more salient angles Reduce up to 36% in slope 1506.

In addition, the mechanical clearance variation on SRFF-1L improves 39% than similar three lobe designs, this is because cam between centers The elimination of gap and correlated characteristic, correlated characteristic are, for example, manufacturing tolerance of the camshaft without lift lobe base radius, sliding block to cunning The abjection of salient angle needed for block and sliding block to the roller bearing depth of parallelism.

4.7CDA-1L component dynamic

4.7.1 being described in detail

SRFF-1L rocker arm 1100 and system 1400 (Figure 91) are designed as meeting the dynamic stability of entire engine operating range Property require.SRFF rigidity and the moment of inertia (MOI) are analyzed to SRFF design.The MOI of SRFF-1L component 1100 pass around with Pivotal axis 1114 (Figure 99) measurement of the rotary shaft of the SRFF seat of DFHLA110 contact.Between cam 1320 and bearing 116 Interface measures rigidity.Figure 110 shows the curve of the rigidity of measurement relative to the component MOI of calculating.The rigidity of SRFF-1L and The standard RFF's of relationship between MOI and the Type II engine for currently producing compares.

4.7.2 analysis

Design and finite element analysis (FEA) iteration for several times are executed, to maximize intensity and reduction at the end DFHLA of SRFF MOI.Quality strengthening part is placed on the end DFHLA of SRFF to minimize MOI.It is most heavy in torque spring 1124-SRFF component One of component-is positioned close to SRFF rotary shaft.Locking mechanism is positioned also close to DFHLA.Increase SRFF vertical portion height with Increase intensity and reduces MOI simultaneously.

SRFF design is optimized using the load information come from dynamic model.The key input parameter of analysis includes valve machine Structure layout, the quality of SRFF element, the moment of inertia, rigidity (being estimated by FEA), mechanical clearance, valve spring load and speed, DFHLA shape and plunger spring and valve stroke molded line.Next, passing through laterostigmatal effective matter relative to CDA SRFF Optimal stiffness is measured to change system to meet predetermined dynamic object.Laterostigmatal effective mass indicates pivot of the MOI relative to SRFF The ratio of square distance between turning point and valve and SRFF.The dynamic property tested describes in the following paragraphs.

5. design verification and test

5.1 valve mechanism dynamic results

The dynamic property of valve mechanism is same in control vibration noise (Noise Vibration and Harshness, NVH) When meet Engine Durability and performance objective in terms of be important.Valve mechanism dynamic part by SRFF component rigidity and MOI influences.The MOI of SRFF is calculated, and rigidity is estimated by computer aided engineering (CAE) technology.Dynamic valve is dynamic Work is also influenced by Multiple factors, so being tested to be ensured in the control of high speed valve.

Monitoring Engine Block Test equipment is used for valve mechanism dynamics.Cylinder head is equipped before test.Oil liquid heating To representing real engine condition.Speed is scanned from idle speed to 7500rpm, record data definition is engine speed Degree.Dynamic property is determined by assessment valve closing velocity and valve rebound.SRFF-1L strain contact purpose is monitoring load. Valve spring load is kept constant so that fixed system is consistent.

Figure 111 describes the closing velocity of taking a seat as a result of intake valve.It needs for eight continuous events to show The data of minimum, average and maximum speed relative to engine speed.Target velocity is shown as universal in industry and takes a seat The maximum speed of speed.Target seating velocity is maintained for up to about 7500 engine rpm, and it illustrates to motorcar engine application Acceptable dynamic control.

The verifying of 5.2 torque springs

Torque spring is the critical component of SRFF-1L design, especially during high-speed cruising.Concept is carried out on spring Verifying is to verify robustness.Three elements of spring design are tested for examining concept.Firstly, in the high circulation of running temperature Under conditions of record load loss.Load on spring loss, or relaxation, load on spring at the end of indicating since test to test Decline.Load loss, which also passes through, to be applied maximum pressure grade and component is made to be subjected to high temperature record (proof).Second, in worst condition With the lower test durability of circulation and spring verifying fatigue life and the load loss.Finally, by using minimum load bullet Spring and verify in CDA mode that DFHLA does not pump to verify the function of lost motion springs during all service conditions.

Torque spring is recycled under engine operating temperatures based on the test of target fixture in engine oil environment.It turns round Power spring recycles the stress to indicate worst condition with application of complete stroke under the conditions of highest preload.Circulation target value is set It is set to 25,000,000 times and 50,000,000 times circulations.Torque spring is also subject to heat setting test, they are loaded into most in the test Height applies stress, is kept for 50 hours at 140 DEG C and measure load loss.

Figure 112 summarizes the load loss of loop test and heat setting test.All components are lost by 8% maximum load, Design object is set in the loss of 10% maximum load simultaneously.

8% maximum load is lost and meets design object as the result is shown.Many tests show that minimum load is lost Close to 1%.Tests all to load loss are safe in design guidance policy.

Robustness is pumped during 5.3 cylinder deactivations

Torque spring 1124 (Figure 99) is designed as preventing HLA from pumping with the reservation when system is run during no lift mode Latch gap 1205 (Figure 108).Test device, which is designed as the engine oil pressure at backlash compensation pressure port maintaining mode, cuts It changes in the oil temperature and engine speed condition range of requirement.

Verification test is carried out to prove that torque spring 1124 keeps the energy of latch gap 1205 (Figure 108) at desired conditions Power.Test carries out in monitored engine, has for measuring backlash compensation pressure port 512 (Figure 88) and switching pressure port The instrument of valve and CDA SRFF movement, oil pressure and temperature at 506 (Figure 88).

Lower limit lost motion springs are for simulating worst condition.The test is executed at the 3500rpm for indicating maximum switch speed. Two running temperatures are thought of as 58 DEG C and 130 DEG C.Test result shows, pressure ratio application requirement it is high 25% when pump.

Figure 113 is shown in the minimum pump pressure power 1540 measured at 58 DEG C in exhaust side.For air inlet at 58 DEG C and 130 DEG C Exhaust side pumps pressure at what is be vented at 130 DEG C pump pressure higher than 58 DEG C.SRFF has normal lift in switch mode Event and without lift mode event.To salient angle close to for detecting valve event, switching pressure port 506 right to verify Answer the SRFF mode state under pressure.Pressure in backlash compensation mouth 512 gradually increases, and monitors from no lift condition to just The switching of normal lift condition.Pressure when system finishing switches is registered as pumping pressure 1540.SRFF-1L is designed, oil is worked as Pressure is maintained at 5 bars or system safely avoids pumping oil pressure when lower than 5 bars.Torque torsion of the Concept Testing in particularly high limitation It is carried out under spring to simulate the fatigue design surplus condition of worst condition.The Concept Testing carried out on high load torque spring is full Design object needed for foot.

The verifying of mechanical clearance during 5.4 switching durabilities

Mechanical clearance control is important valve mechanism dynamic stability and in the service life of entire engine It is kept.It is loaded with latch and is considered in normal lift mode and without the test switched between lift mode being appropriate to verifying The abrasion and performance of latch mechanism.Switching durability by from be joined to unengaged position switch latch, in no lift mode Circulation SRFF, make latch engagement inner arm and recycle SRFF to test in normal lift.One circular in definition be disengage and Then it is re-engaged latch and runs SRFF in both of which.The durability target of switching is 3,000,000 circulations.3000000 Secondary cyclic representation is equal to an engine life.One engine life is defined as equal to reliably more than 150,000 miles of standards 200,000 miles.Component worst condition during the tested switching with simulation of highest switch speed target of 3500 engine rpm Dynamic load.

Figure 114 shows the variation of the mechanical clearance of periodic test point dduring test.The test is established in one group of six gas On Cylinder engine fixture.Every group of three cylinders and corresponding four SRFF-1L of each cylinder, show 12 molded line altogether.0.020mm Mechanical clearance variation be asserted design wear down target.All SRFF-1L are shown under same vehicle ages lower than abrasion mesh Target safety clearance wear allowance.The test extends to more than service life mesh in the time of component close to maximal clearance variation targets value Target 25%.

For SRFF-1L, valve mechanism dynamic in same engine life, pumps verifying at torque spring load loss All meet target with mechanical clearance.Valve mechanism dynamic-being shut off for speed-is securely positioned in 7200rpm most In the limit under big engine speed and the speed limit higher than 7500rpm.LMS load loss shows 8% load loss, it Reliably within 10% design object.It carries out pumping test display, SRFF-1L is designed under 5 bars of given target oil pressure It runs correctly.Finally, the mechanical clearance variation in same engine lift is reliably within design object.SRFF-1L Meet spark ignition passenger car using upper all design requirements for cylinder deactivation.

6. conclusion

Cylinder deactivation is proved to be the method for improving fuel economy to car gasoline vehicle.It is convex to complete the list based on cylinder deactivation system Design, the improvements and changes of angle SRFF provide and are started by reducing pumping loss and running part under more high burning efficiency The ability of machine cylinder raising fuel economy.System is by keeping identical to engine valve, camshaft and slack adjuster Center line carrys out the basic framework of protective standard model II valve mechanism.Engine cylinder cap need in cylinder head increase OCV and Oil liquid control mouth, to allow SRFF to be switched to deactivation mode from normal lift mode is hydraulic.System needs each cylinder A corresponding OCV, and be normally constructed to tool there are four identical SRFF for air inlet and exhaust, wherein each SRFF corresponding one A DFHLA.

SRFF-1L design provides the solution for reducing system complexity and cost.SRFF-1L is designed most important Enabling tool is the modification to idle running torque spring.LMS is designed as in normal lift mode and without tieing up during lift mode the two Hold the continuous contact between single salient angle camshaft and SRFF.Although the torque spring requires slightly more packaging spaces, entire System becomes simpler by eliminating three salient angle camshafts.The axial accumulation of SRFF-1L is designed from three salient angle CDA to be reduced, due to The external cam crown of roll angle on edge attached load opportunity is not increased on the interface on outer arm sliding block and with inner arm.SRFF-1L's shakes Arm rigidity levels are similar to standard production rocker arm.

The moment of inertia is described heavier by minimizing relatively heavy component in the hub switch side being directly landed on DFHLA Component, that is, latch mechanism and torque spring.This feature obtains better valve mechanism by the laterostigmatal effective mass of minimum and moves State.During the engine speed and deactivation mode of 7200rpm during system designs and verifying is directed to standard lift mode The engine speed of 3500rpm carries out.Component is also by at least one engine longevity at least equal to 200,000 engine miles Life verifying.

III.VVA engine and cylinder head arrangement

1. switching rocker arm assembly

1.1 explanations-general engine structure

Figure 115 and 116 describes the part hair of the Dual Over Head Camshaft internal combustion engine with exhaust cam of conventional model II Motivation cylinder cover component.For clarity, exhaust cam rocker arm, valve and partial-air admission valve camshaft are removed.Here it needs It should be noted that the present invention is equally applied to have the design of other of similar device and structure engine.

Multiple cam towers 10 stretch out upwards, and have 13 part of cam tower bottom stretched out upwards from cylinder head.Cam tower bottom 13 upside has semi-cylindrical canyon.

Cam tower cap 11 is bolted to cam tower bottom 13.Cam tower cap 11 has similar semi-cylindrical canyon directed downwardly, from And when cam tower cap 11 is bolted to cam tower bottom 13, recess generates the circular cam recess 321 for accommodating camshaft.Cam 321 sizes that are recessed and structure are designed as fixed air inlet and exhaust cam shaft but them are allowed to rotate freely.

Spark plug tube 20 between cam tower 10 and is parallel to the center line 21 across cylinder head center in the present invention. Spark plug tube 20 extends downwardly through cylinder head and enters at the top of each cylinder, and is designed as accommodating spark plug.

1.2VVA switches rocker arm arrangement

1.2.1 being arranged symmetrically

This engine cylinder cap assemblies in Figure 115 and 116 are shown there is enough spaces with accommodate as previously described and Symmetrical lift range variable (VVL) rocker arm assembly 100.

VVL rocker arm assembly 100 is used for the other parts of this specification.However, it is to be appreciated that the aspects of the invention can For being mounted in cylinder head and there are other different rocker arm assemblies of small―gap suture in one end of rocker arm assembly.

The VVT rocker arm assembly 100 is by the way that each cylinder tool, there are three the camshaft actuateds of salient angle.In Figure 115 and 116 Camshaft is removed, but retains intermediate cam salient angle 324 and evagination cam lobe 326.In this aspect of the invention, shown rocker arm Component 100 has to inner end 101 (or first end 101) and outward 103 (or second end 103).Term " inside " is related to inwardly Towards the direction of center line 21, " outside " is related to being outwardly away from the direction of center line 21.

As shown in Figure 116, it can be seen that VVL rocker arm assembly 100 is supported to inner end 101 by hydraulic lash adjuster 340. It 103 is resisted against on valve stem 350 outward.

When intermediate cam lobe 342 is rotated and is pressed downwardly on VVL rocker arm assembly 100, lead to VVL rocker arm assembly 100 outward 103 push down on valve stem 350 and open the poppet for being connected to valve stem 350.When interior latch by mention to When it runs for high-voltage oil liquid, VVL rocker arm assembly 100 causes valve and is promoted according to the shape of evagination cam lobe 326.This combines figure 117 are described further below.

1.2.2 unsymmetrical arrangement

In Figure 117, torque spring 135,137 and spring strut 141,143 make VVL rocker arm assembly 100 and standard rocker arm Component is compared wider in first end.The design of VVL rocker arm assembly 100 (and CDA rocker arm) is wider than standard rocker arm and can only fill It fits in certain cylinder head.There are enough gaps in cylinder head shown in Figure 115 and 116, however, in certain engine cylinder covers, Enough gaps not from other structures such as cam tower or spark plug tube, the DVVL rocker arm 100 cannot use.

As it appears from the above, redesign/modification cylinder head, cam driver and gear mechanism is unusual Expenses Cost.Together Sample, many different manufactures may be such that equipment designs based on cylinder head standard, make it difficult to modify or change cylinder head.

Therefore, the present invention, which can be implemented, is being specifically designed to cooperate in the VVA rocker arm assembly with small―gap suture cylinder head.

In many Cylinder head designs, it has been determined that only lack space in the side of rocker arm.In general, the shortage in space may go out Present rocker arm is close to 20 side of spark plug tube to inner end 101.Therefore, VVL rocker arm assembly 100 is packed in the form of redesign is It is feasible, so that the width of side be hindered not to be wider than the width of standard rocker arm.

The result is that the rocker arm assembly of modification is generated, there is resistance for the left side on the right side of rocker arm assembly or rocker arm assembly In the cylinder head hindered.In the rocker arm assembly of left side, most of function element move on to left side from right side.Equally, right side is formed as having There is the width of reduction.

Similarly, right side rocker arm assembly is designed as the use when having obstruction in left side.Similarly, structure is moved on to from left side Right side, and left side is formed as generating increase gap on left side to compensate obstruction.Jointly, they are known as improved rocking arm set Part.

Novel improvement rocker arm assembly 400 according to an aspect of the present invention combines Figure 118-122 explanation.

Figure 118 be according to an aspect of the present invention, show lift range variable left side improve rocker arm assembly 400 Perspective view.

Figure 119 is the top view of the improvement rocker arm assembly 400 of Figure 110.

Figure 120 is the side view of the improvement rocker arm assembly 400 of Figure 118-119.

Figure 121 is that the improvement rocker arm assembly of Figure 118-120 holds the end-view seen from its hinge (first).

Figure 122 is that the improvement rocker arm assembly of Figure 118-121 holds the end-view seen from its latch (second).

Improvement rocker arm assembly 400 shown here for description purpose is lift range variable (VVL) rocker arm assembly.However, Cylinder deactivation (CDA) rocker arm assembly or other rocker arm assemblies-they have using torque spring or otherwise and to widen in first end 408 First (or hinged) end 408-is within the scope of the present invention.

The method of operation of the rocker arm assembly is very similar to the rocker arm assembly as shown in Figure 117 and VVL as described above Rocker Application-it be all incorporated by reference into herein.Improved 400 use of rocker arm assembly is assemblied in external structure Interior structure 410 in 420.However, the improved rocker arm assembly is in the cylinder head that rocker arm assembly has less gap. Improving rocker arm assembly 400 further includes some decorations aspects in addition in terms of function disclosed herein.

Interior structure 410 can have the axis recess portion 413 across its first end 408.External structure 420 also can have across it The axis recess portion 433 of first end 408.When roller axle recess portion 413,433 is aligned with the interior structure 410 in external structure 420, axis 434 It is fixed that axis recess portion 413,433 can be passed through, to allow interior structure 410 to pivot relative to external structure 420 around axis 434.

Hinder side 405 on external structure 420-when its from second end 409 towards first end 408 extend when-can direction Without hindrance side 407 deviates, and generates the first Offset portion 428.The offset can be can generate smaller width at first end 408 Bending or angled side arm.Compared to standard VVL or CDA rocker arm assembly, which can hinder side 405 Upper offer additional clearance.This can permit improved rocker arm assembly 400 and is fitted into cylinder head and works therewith, the cylinder Lid have narrow obstruction region, such as Figure 132,133 obstruction region 600.

External structure 420-on without hindrance side 407 when it extends from second end 409 towards first end 408-can be outside It is deviated far from rocker arm assembly 400 is improved, generates the second Offset portion 429.Compared to standard VVL or CDA rocker arm assembly, this second Offset portion 429 can provide additional gap on without hindrance side 407, to allow to engage the second torque spring 437.This can be with Allow to improve rocker arm assembly 400 and applies the power of appropriate amount relative to structure 410 in 420 bias of external structure.It is replaced in of the invention For in aspect, individually bigger torque spring may be substituted for two or more torque springs shown here.

Rocker arm assembly 400 is improved using the latch assembly 500 with latch pin 510, latch pin 510 can keep interior structure 410 together with external structure 420 to them as rocker arm is mobile.Latch assembly 500 (can not shown by oil liquid control valve It activates out), oil liquid control valve can provide the oil pressure increased by the cup 448 pivoted on hydraulic lash adjuster 340.This knot Close Figure 126,127 further explanations.

Since there are two (or multiple) torque spring 435,437 (or single larger torque springs) on without hindrance side 407 And it is hindering side 405 there is no torque spring, is having torsional forces in the interior structure 410 and external structure 420 of rocker arm assembly.Therefore It can be adjusted around the clearance amount of axis 434 to guarantee to improve rocker arm assembly 400 and be properly acted.

When using two torque spring 435,437, torque spring 435 is considered as right side spring and along torque spring 437 opposite direction winding.These different springs some spring forces in vain.

If single torque spring is used only, need to consider additional twisting resistance when designing inner and outer structure 410,420.

For double-torsional spring and single torque spring design, the relative intensity of inner and outer structure 410,420 can be adjusted To reduce bending, to guarantee proper property.It is fitted in addition, each structure can be structured as providing along the distribution of weight of their length When intensity and structure, while minimizing the inertia force for needing to pivot in the case where starting to run required speed and improving rocker arm assembly 400.

Figure 122 shows the latch key seat 485 for accommodating and keeping the latch pin 501 when latch pin is in extended position.Latch Pin 501 and latch key seat 485 can keep the interior structure 410 being assemblied in external structure 420.Even if latch pin show circle, It also can have the flat end of corresponding flat seat.Latch pin 501 and latch key seat 485 can have permission, and they are suitble to one Any complementary shape risen.

Figure 123 is the top view being viewed from above for showing the external structure of the first and second offset areas 428,429.Here may be used To find out the difference with the external structure of the rocker arm assembly of Figure 117.The first outer webs 421 close to first end 408 can deflect into Left side is to accommodate the obstruction on the right side of 400 first end of rocker arm assembly.Similar, the second outer webs 422 can also deflect into left side To accommodate the obstruction on the right side of rocker arm assembly 400 first end, when they extend from second end 409 to first end 408, holding the One and the second substantially mutually the same distance of outer webs.This can produce offset (counteracting) region 428 and 429.

Figure 124 is the external structure of Figure 123 from the plan view in terms of lower part, it also shows the first and second offset areas 428,429.Lower cross arm 439 is also shown in this.Due to improving the asymmetrical design of rocker arm assembly 400, lower cross arm 439 can be shown To increase intensity with neutralization power and helping prevent the bending that may in addition generate.

It is also shown in conjunction with the latch key seat 485 that figure 12 above 2 illustrates from this view.

Figure 125 is the side view of external structure 420 according to an aspect of the present invention.First outer webs 421 and the first offset Part 428 is visible in this view.

Figure 126 is the perspective view on the top of interior structure 410 according to an aspect of the present invention.This is from display axis recess portion The view that 413 obstruction side is seen.This is designed as having spring strut 447 on without hindrance side.The design allows to hinder on side Additional space.

Figure 127 is the perspective view of the bottom end of the interior structure 410 of Figure 126.Axis recess portion 413 is shown as that axis 434 can be accommodated simultaneously And interior structure 410 can be pivotally connected to external structure 420.In Figure 126 and 127, ball axis hole 483 and 484 can accommodate rolling Axis of a cylinder (not shown) is to keep roller 415.In Figure 127, cup 448 can accommodate the hydraulic lash adjuster 340 of Figure 116.Liquid Press slack adjuster (340 of Figure 116) that there is the oil stream come from oil liquid control valve (not shown).Cup 448, which may be coupled to, to be mentioned For the inner gateway of oil liquid to channel 444 and 446.Oil passage can be connected to latch assembly 500 by inner gateway.Pass through oil liquid The oil pressure greater than threshold pressure that control valve provides can cause latch assembly 500 to switch.Latch pin (the 501 of Figure 120-122) It can be set as its normal position in retracted position (there is low oil pressure).When the oil pressure for being greater than threshold value is fed into latch, it It can switch and stretch out latch pin (the 501 of Figure 120-122).This is " normally non-clamping lock " setting.

Alternatively, under low oil pressure, latch pin can be normally in extended position.When oil pressure increases to threshold value or more, Latch pin can retract.This is " normal clamping lock " design.

Figure 128 is the interior structure of Figure 126-127 from the view in terms of top.

Figure 129 is the interior structure of Figure 126-128 from the view in terms of bottom side.

In Figure 129, it is shown that valve pole socket 417.Valve pole socket 417 squeezes engine air valve rod, to shake when improving Arm component 400 activates valve when pivoting.

Figure 130 is that the interior structure 410 of Figure 126-129 holds the end-view seen from hinge (first).

Figure 131 is that the interior structure 410 of Figure 126-130 holds the end-view seen from latch (second).

Spring strut 447 is shown in Figure 128-131.The first one or more torque springs 435,437 are assemblied in bullet It can be held in place on spring pillar 447 and by the spring strut.Single larger torque spring can also be used, for substituting first With the second torque spring 435,437.

Figure 132 is the perspective view that the improvement rocker arm assembly 400 of Figure 118-122 is presented when being installed in cylinder head.

Such as Figure 115 and 116, component is removed for clarity.Most apparent from being, to there are three each engine valve tools The shaft portion of the camshaft of salient angle has been removed.Intermediate cam salient angle 324 and an evagination cam lobe 326 are shown.Due to one Side salient angle does not show that the second sliding block 426 is visible.As described in applying in the above VVL rocker arm, the second sliding block can ride over outer In cam lobe 326.

Camshaft, which passes through and passes through cam tower 10, to be fixed.Herein it is clear that spark plug tube 20 is hindering region 600 It can interference standard CDA or VVL rocker arm assembly.The first Offset portion 428 for improving rocker arm assembly 400 is hindering region 600 close Spark plug tube 20.Due to the width that it reduces, it can be assemblied in this now and cover and function without colliding spark plug tube 20.

Figure 133 is the perspective view at another visual angle of the improvement rocker arm assembly 400 of Figure 118-122, this is that it is mounted on gas The perspective view presented when in cylinder cap.

Which show the identical structures of such as Figure 120, but from top and in terms of the viewpoint of cylinder head center line, see Examine the without hindrance side 407 for improving rocker arm assembly 400.Intermediate cam salient angle 324 depresses roller 415.

First Offset portion 428 is shown as near spark plug tube 20 close to region 600 is hindered, to provide required gap.

Second Offset portion 429 is also depicted as torque spring 435,437 and provides additional space.

Although the present disclosure describes different aspects of the invention, although and be described in terms of these in certain details, this It is not configured to constraint application or is limited in any way this application claims the range of introduction be such details.Other advantages and change Into it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that.Therefore, teachings of the present application is not limited to specific in terms of its broad sense Details and the shown and described embodiment.Therefore, it can be made from such details and not depart from applicant of the present invention and to seek advice Lead the change within spirit and scope.In addition, aforementioned aspects be it is illustrative, without single feature or element for herein and after The all possible combination of attached claim is necessary.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of rocker arm assembly (400), it includes:

External structure (420), the external structure are opposite with the first pivot offset end (408) and with the first pivot offset end (408) Second end (409)；

Interior structure (410), the interior Standard in the external structure (420), the interior structure (410) also have the first hub switch side and The second end opposite with first hub switch side；

Wherein, the first hub switch side of the interior structure (410) is pivotally connected to the first pivot offset end of the external structure (420) (408), so that the interior structure (410) pivots in the external structure (420)；And

Wherein, first side of the external structure (420) towards neighbouring first pivot offset end (408) of the external structure (420) (407) it deviates, so that the first Offset portion (429) are generated on first side (407) of the external structure (420), so as in phase Pair second side (405) on additional gap is provided.

2. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 1, wherein the opposite second side (405) includes hindering side.

3. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 2, wherein the rocker arm assembly (400) is located in engine cylinder cover In, which has the obstruction (10,20) on obstruction side (405).

4. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 3, wherein described to hinder to include cam tower (10).

5. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 3, wherein described to hinder to include spark plug tube (20).

6. the rocker arm assembly (400) according to any one of claim 2-5, wherein first Offset portion (429) First side (407) of external structure towards its neighbouring second end is bent, to provide in described opposite second side (405) Additional gap.

7. rocker arm assembly (400) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the external structure (420) described Width at first pivot offset end (408) is less than the width at second end (409) of the external structure (420).

8. rocker arm assembly (400) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the external structure (420) is shaken far from this Deviate to arm component (400), so that the second Offset portion (429) are generated on the first side (407) of the external structure (420), To provide additional gap on first side (407).

9. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 8 further includes the first side for being installed only at the interior structure (410) On torque spring (435), the torque spring (435) relative to the external structure (420) rotation bias described in interior structure (410)。

10. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 8, wherein when the external structure (420) is on the first side (407) When extending from second end (409) towards the first pivot offset end (408), the external structure (420) is far from the rocker arm assembly (400) Bending, to provide additional gap on first side (407).

11. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 9, wherein the torque spring (435), which applies, to be approximately twice The power of standard torque spring used in conventional variable valve stroke or cylinder deactivation rocker arm assembly.

12. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 9 further includes the second torque spring (437), the second torsion bullet Spring is located in the additional gap on first side (407).

13. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 12, wherein the torque spring (435) and second torsion Both springs (437) are all located in the additional gap on first side (407).

14. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 12, wherein the torque spring (435) and second torsion Spring (437) is wound in a reverse direction.

15. rocker arm assembly (400) according to claim 8, wherein the external structure (420) pivots described first Deviate the of same size at second end (409) of width and the external structure (420) at end (408).