CN110284025B - Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110284025B CN110284025B CN201910687210.5A CN201910687210A CN110284025B CN 110284025 B CN110284025 B CN 110284025B CN 201910687210 A CN201910687210 A CN 201910687210A CN 110284025 B CN110284025 B CN 110284025B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum bronze
- pure
- aluminum
- hot forging
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength high-temperature-resistant aluminum bronze material, which mainly comprises the following components: 4 to 8 weight percent of Al element, 1.5 to 2 weight percent of Ni element, 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent of Cr element, 0.2 to 2.0 weight percent of Nb element, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Ti element and 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent of Ce element. According to the invention, by adding micro-alloy elements such as Cr, Ti, Nb and the like, the recovery recrystallization reaction in the aluminum bronze is inhibited, and the softening temperature of the alloy is increased; meanwhile, high-density dislocation and nanometer precipitated phase are introduced to improve the strength of the alloy and obtain the high-strength and high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze material. The alloy has the tensile strength of 600-850MPa, the elongation of 5-15%, the conductivity of 12-19% IACS, the softening temperature of more than 520 ℃ and the corrosion rate of 0.015-0.028 mm/year in artificial seawater at 20 ℃, and can meet the actual application requirements of fields such as marine ships, oil exploration, mechanical and electrical and the like on high-strength and heat-resistant materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nonferrous metal processing, and relates to a copper alloy with excellent strength and heat resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum bronze is a structural engineering material with high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, is commonly used for manufacturing bearings, bushings, pipeline systems of offshore oil platforms, key parts of ship propellers and pumps, and is widely applied to the fields of marine ships, oil exploration, machinery and electricity and the like.
With the complication of the service environment, higher requirements are put forward on the properties of the aluminum bronze, such as strength, heat resistance and the like. Taking aluminum bronze for bearings and bushings as an example, since components such as bearings and bushings are often used under high-speed, high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, aluminum bronze materials for manufacturing components such as bearings and bushings are required to have high strength, high wear resistance, and excellent heat resistance. In addition, in order to meet the application of the aluminum bronze material under service conditions of alternating load, long period and the like, higher requirements are provided for the mechanical properties of the material.
In order to meet increasingly complex service environments, the comprehensive performance of the aluminum bronze is to be further optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to adapt to more severe service conditions, the components of the alloy are required to be further optimized, and the preparation and processing technology of the alloy is improved, so that the high-strength and high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze material is prepared. In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide aluminum bronze with high strength, high corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance, which is suitable for bearings, bushes, marine propellers, pumps, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high heat resistant aluminum bronze, the aluminum bronze having the composition: 4 to 8 wt% of Al element, 1.5 to 2 wt% of Ni element, 0.5 to 1.0 wt% of Cr element, 0.2 to 2.0wt% of Nb element, 0.05 to 0.2 wt% of Ti element, 0.02 to 0.1wt% of Ce element, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities. The specific process steps for preparing the high heat-resistant aluminum bronze comprise:
step one, filling pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium, pure niobium and the like into a graphite crucible, and putting into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 8.0X 10-2And melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition with the melting temperature of 1200-1400 ℃ below Pa. When the metal is melted, argon is introduced into the smelting furnace. And then, pouring the metal solution into an iron square die after the metal solution is kept warm for 20-40 minutes to prepare an aluminum bronze casting blank.
And step two, cutting the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot and milling the surface, and then putting the aluminum bronze cast ingot into a heating furnace with the temperature of 880 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5-2 h.
And step three, carrying out hot forging on the aluminum bronze cast ingot obtained in the step one, wherein the hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, and the absolute value of strain of each stage is more than 0.6.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three for a plurality of times, and preparing the aluminum bronze material through multi-pass hot forging.
And step five, performing hot forging on the aluminum bronze treated in the step four after heat preservation for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, wherein the hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, and the aluminum bronze is cooled to room temperature after drawing.
Sixthly, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 0.5-2h at the temperature of 400-.
And seventhly, milling the aluminum bronze in the sixth step.
And step eight, rolling the aluminum bronze plate obtained in the step seven, wherein the rolling reduction rate is more than 40%, and thus obtaining the aluminum bronze plate.
And step nine, placing the aluminum bronze in the step eight in a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving the heat for 0.5-2h at the temperature of 350-400 ℃.
Step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment, and preparing a high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product after acid washing, dehydration and drying.
Further, the mass purity of the pure copper, the pure aluminum, the pure nickel, the pure chromium, the pure titanium and the pure niobium in the step one is not lower than 99.9%.
Further, the total strain of the aluminum bronze in the third, fourth and fifth steps in the upsetting stage is less than-0.6, the total strain in the elongation stage is more than 0.6, and the time of single hot forging is less than 5 minutes.
Further, the cooling speed of the alloy material in the fifth step is more than or equal to 50 ℃/min.
Furthermore, the average grain diameter of the matrix in the aluminum bronze material after cooling in the fifth step is less than 20 μm, the volume fraction of the alpha phase is more than 95%, the hardness value is 140-180HV, and the elongation is more than 15%.
Further, in the step eight, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the rolling surface normal direction is less than 5 mu m; furthermore, the KAM value of the rolled surface measured by the EBSD method is between 1.8 and 3.0.
Further, the average diameter of the second phase particles of nanometer scale in the ninth step is 8 to 18 nm.
The strain eta in the invention adopts the formula eta = ln (A)0A) is calculated, wherein A0Is the area of the cross section before deformation, and A is the area of the cross section after deformation.
The KAM (Kernel Average misorientation) value of the aluminum bronze can reflect the Average misorientation of the micro-area of the material. The KAM value of the alloy is closely related to the dislocation density inside the crystal grains, and the larger the KAM value is, the higher the dislocation density is. In the present invention, the KAM value is obtained by EBSD measurement.
The average grain size of the nano precipitated phase and the number of particles per unit area of the aluminum bronze according to the present invention are derived from the statistical results of precipitated phase particles in the TEM photograph.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method comprises the steps of introducing a nanoscale strengthening precipitated phase by adding the contents of trace elements such as Ni, Cr and Ti, and regulating and controlling the size, distribution and structure of an aging precipitated phase by controlling the contents of elements such as Al, Ni and Nb, so that the Cu-Al-Ni alloy obtains the optimal strength value;
2) by adding trace elements such as Ti, Nb and Cr and by dissolving elements such as Cr and Ti in the copper matrix, the content of elements such as Ti, Nb and Cr in the matrix is increased, the recovery recrystallization temperature of the matrix is increased, the high-temperature softening resistance of the alloy is inhibited, and the high-temperature softening resistance of the alloy and the heat resistance of the aluminum bronze are improved.
3) By adopting a proper forging-heat treatment-rolling process, crystal grains are refined, so that the alloy has excellent plasticity; high-density dislocation is introduced into the crystal grains by means of forging, cold rolling and the like, so that the alloy strength is improved.
4) The copper alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and high heat resistance, the tensile strength of the aluminum bronze is 600-850MPa, the elongation is 5-15%, the conductivity is 12-19% IACS, the softening temperature is higher than 520 ℃, the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ is 0.015-0.028 mm/year, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.
On the basis of excellent corrosion resistance of the aluminum bronze, the mechanical property and the high temperature resistance of the aluminum bronze are further improved, and the aluminum bronze has obvious technical advantages.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to examples. The description of the embodiments is intended only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
An aluminum bronze material comprises Cu, Al and Ni elements and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of each component is as follows: 8 wt% of Al element, 2 wt% of Ni element, 0.05 wt% of the total mass of inevitable impurities, and the balance copper. The preparation method of the aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step one, filling pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel and the like with the mass purity of 99.9% into a graphite crucible, and putting into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 6.0X 10-2Pa, melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the melting temperature to be about 1250 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; subsequently, the metal solution was kept warm for 20 minutes and poured into a square iron mold of 100mm × 120 mm × L (height × width × length) to prepare an aluminum bronze alloy cast slab. Or argon can be introduced first after vacuum pumping, and then the metal is melted.
And step two, in order to remove an oxide layer, cutting the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot obtained in the step one, milling the surface to obtain square billets with the length, the width and the height of 200mm, 115 mm and 96 mm respectively, and heating the square billets to 880 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 h. Other methods may also be used to remove the oxide layer.
And step three, taking the aluminum bronze obtained in the step two out of the heating furnace, and performing hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze was drawn out in the length direction, the aluminum bronze increased in length from 100mm to about 200mm, reduced in width from 150mm to about 110mm, and reduced in height from 150mm to about 100mm, and had a strain of 0.71.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three once, and obtaining the aluminum bronze material with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 110mm multiplied by 200mm after hot forging. The third operation may be repeated two or more times.
And step five, placing the aluminum bronze in the step four in a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, and then carrying out hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze is drawn out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze is increased from 100mm to about 500mm, the width of the aluminum bronze is reduced from 150mm to about 50mm, the height of the aluminum bronze is increased from 150mm to about 90mm, and the strain of the aluminum bronze is 1.6. The temperature of the aluminum bronze is still above 450 ℃ after the aluminum bronze is drawn out. Subsequently, it was cooled to room temperature by air cooling at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/min. At this time, the matrix in the aluminum bronze material had an average crystal grain diameter of 12 μm, a phase volume fraction of the α phase of 96%, a hardness value of 142HV, and an elongation of 20%.
And step six, milling the surface of the hot forged aluminum bronze. The size of the aluminum bronze after surface milling became 48mm × 86mm × 500 mm.
And seventhly, rolling the milled aluminum bronze, and rolling the alloy to 30mm from 48mm to obtain the cold-rolled aluminum bronze plate. At this time, the crystal grains were elongated in the rolling direction, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the normal direction of the rolled surface was 5 μm, and the KAM value of the rolled surface was 2.3 as measured by the SEM-EBSD method.
Step eight, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to heat treatment; and removing the oxide layer. And then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product. At this time, the alloy strength was 587MPa, the elongation was 7.5%, the conductivity was 15.6% IACS, the softening temperature was 380 ℃, and the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ was 0.02 mm/year.
Example 2
An aluminum bronze material comprises Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti and Nb elements and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of each component is as follows: 8 wt% of Al element, 2 wt% of Ni element, 0.6 wt% of Cr element, 0.4 wt% of Nb element, 0.1wt% of Ti element, 0.05 wt% of Ce element, 0.05 wt% of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of copper. The preparation method of the aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step one, mixingPure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium and pure niobium with the mass purity of 99.9 percent are mixed according to the mixture ratio and are filled into a graphite crucible, and the graphite crucible is placed into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 6.0X 10-2Pa, melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the melting temperature to be about 1250 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; subsequently, the metal solution was kept warm for 20 minutes and poured into a square iron mold of 100mm × 120 mm × L (height × width × length) to prepare a Cu — Al — Ni alloy cast slab. The vacuum degree can be controlled at 8.0 × 10-2Pa below; the holding time of the metal solution should not exceed 40 minutes. The smelting temperature can be controlled between 1200 ℃ and 1400 ℃.
Step two, in order to facilitate calculation, after the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot obtained in the step one are cut and milled, square billets with the length, the width and the height of 200mm, 115 mm and 96 mm are obtained, and the shaping treatment in the step can not be carried out in practical application; putting the square billet into a heating furnace, heating to 880 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 h. The heat preservation temperature can be controlled between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is controlled between 0.5 and 2 hours.
And step three, taking the aluminum bronze obtained in the step two out of the heating furnace, and performing hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze was drawn out in the length direction, the aluminum bronze increased in length from 100mm to about 200mm, reduced in width from 150mm to about 110mm, and reduced in height from 150mm to about 100mm, and had a strain of 0.71.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three once, and obtaining the aluminum bronze material with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 110mm multiplied by 200mm after hot forging.
And step five, placing the aluminum bronze processed in the step four in a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, and then performing hot forging. The heat preservation temperature can be controlled between 700 ℃ and 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is controlled between 1 and 2 hours. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze is drawn out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze is increased from 100mm to about 500mm, the width of the aluminum bronze is reduced from 150mm to about 50mm, the height of the aluminum bronze is increased from 150mm to about 90mm, and the strain of the aluminum bronze is 1.6. The aluminum bronze temperature was 450 ℃ after elongation. Subsequently, it was cooled to room temperature by air cooling at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/min. At this time, the matrix in the aluminum bronze material had an average crystal grain diameter of 12 μm, a phase volume fraction of the α phase of 96%, a hardness value of 158HV, and an elongation of 20%.
And step six, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at the temperature of 450 ℃ to ensure desolventizing and separating out of the chromium-rich phase particles. At this point, the average diameter of the nano-scale second phase particles within the alloy is less than 8 nm.
And seventhly, milling the surface of the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment. The size of the aluminum bronze after surface milling became 48mm × 86mm × 500 mm.
And step eight, rolling the milled aluminum bronze, and rolling the alloy with the height of 48mm to 30mm to obtain the cold-rolled aluminum bronze plate. At this time, the crystal grains were elongated in the rolling direction, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the normal direction of the rolled surface was 5 μm, and the KAM value of the rolled surface was 2.2 as measured by the SEM-EBSD method.
And step nine, placing the aluminum bronze into a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃. In this case, the average diameter of the second phase particles in the nano-scale was 10.6nm, and the number of precipitated phase particles per unit area was 1.2X 1015。
Step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment; and removing the oxide layer. And then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product. At this time, the alloy strength was 691MPa, the elongation was 10.5%, the electric conductivity was 15.2% IACS, the softening temperature was 580 ℃, and the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ was 0.02 mm/year.
Example 3
An aluminum bronze material comprises Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti and Nb elements and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of each component is as follows: 6 wt% of Al element, 2 wt% of Ni element, 0.8 wt% of Cr element, 0.2 wt% of Ti element, 0.8 wt% of Nb element, 0.02 wt% of Ce element, 0.05 wt% of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of copper. The preparation method of the aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step one, filling pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium, pure niobium and the like with the mass purity of 99.9% into a graphite crucible, and putting into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 6.0X 10-2Pa, melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the melting temperature to be about 1250 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; subsequently, the metal solution was kept warm for 20 minutes and poured into a square iron mold of 100mm × 120 mm × L (height × width × length) to prepare a Cu — Al — Ni alloy cast slab.
And step two, cutting the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot and milling the surface to obtain square billets with the length, the width and the height of 200mm, 115 mm and 96 mm respectively, and heating the square billets to 880 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 h.
And step three, taking the aluminum bronze obtained in the step two out of the heating furnace, and performing hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze was drawn out in the length direction, the aluminum bronze increased in length from 100mm to about 200mm, reduced in width from 150mm to about 110mm, and reduced in height from 150mm to about 100mm, and had a strain of 0.71.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three once, and obtaining the aluminum bronze material with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 110mm multiplied by 200mm after hot forging.
And step five, placing the aluminum bronze in the step four in a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, and then carrying out hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze is drawn out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze is increased from 100mm to about 500mm, the width of the aluminum bronze is reduced from 150mm to about 50mm, the height of the aluminum bronze is increased from 150mm to about 90mm, and the strain of the aluminum bronze is 1.6. The aluminum bronze temperature was 450 ℃ after elongation. Subsequently, it was cooled to room temperature by air cooling at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/min. At this time, the matrix in the aluminum bronze material had an average crystal grain diameter of 10 μm, a phase volume fraction of the α phase of 96%, a hardness value of 148HV, and an elongation of 24%.
And step six, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at the temperature of 450 ℃ to ensure desolventizing and separating out of the chromium-rich phase particles. At this point, the average diameter of the nano-scale second phase particles within the alloy is less than 8 nm.
And seventhly, milling the surface of the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment. The size of the aluminum bronze after surface milling became 48mm × 86mm × 500 mm.
And step eight, rolling the milled aluminum bronze, and rolling the alloy with the height of 48mm to 30mm to obtain the cold-rolled aluminum bronze plate. At this time, the crystal grains were elongated in the rolling direction, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the normal direction of the rolled surface was 5 μm, and the KAM value of the rolled surface was 2.2 as measured by the SEM-EBSD method.
And step nine, placing the aluminum bronze into a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃. In this case, the average diameter of the second phase particles in the nano-scale was 11.2nm, and the number of precipitated phase particles per unit area was 1.5X 1015。
Step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment; and removing the oxide layer. And then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product. At this time, the alloy strength was 660MPa, the elongation was 12%, the conductivity was 16.8% IACS, the softening temperature was 590 ℃, and the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ was 0.025 mm/year.
Example 4
An aluminum bronze material comprises Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti and Nb elements and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of each component is as follows: 8 wt% of Al element, 2 wt% of Ni element, 0.8 wt% of Cr element, 1.2 wt% of Nb element, 0.1wt% of Ti element, 0.02 wt% of Ce element, 0.02 wt% of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of copper. The preparation method of the aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step one, filling pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium, pure niobium and the like with the mass purity of 99.9% into a graphite crucible, and putting into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 6.0X 10-2Pa, melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the melting temperature to be about 1250 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; subsequently, the metal solution was kept warm for 20 minutes and poured into a square iron mold of 100mm × 120 mm × L (height × width × length) to prepare a Cu — Al — Ni alloy cast slab.
And step two, cutting the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot and milling the surface to obtain square billets with the length, the width and the height of 200mm, 115 mm and 96 mm respectively, and heating the square billets to 880 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 h.
And step three, taking the aluminum bronze obtained in the step two out of the heating furnace, and performing hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze was drawn out in the length direction, the aluminum bronze increased in length from 100mm to about 200mm, reduced in width from 150mm to about 110mm, and reduced in height from 150mm to about 100mm, and had a strain of 0.71.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three twice, and obtaining the aluminum bronze material with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 110mm multiplied by 200mm after hot forging.
And step five, placing the aluminum bronze in the step four in a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, and then carrying out hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze is drawn out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze is increased from 100mm to about 500mm, the width of the aluminum bronze is reduced from 150mm to about 50mm, the height of the aluminum bronze is increased from 150mm to about 90mm, and the strain of the aluminum bronze is 1.6. The aluminum bronze temperature was 450 ℃ after elongation. Subsequently, it was cooled to room temperature by air cooling at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/min. At this time, the matrix in the aluminum bronze material had an average crystal grain diameter of 5 μm, a phase volume fraction of the α phase of 95%, a hardness value of 164HV, and an elongation of 26%.
And step six, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at the temperature of 450 ℃ to ensure desolventizing and separating out of the chromium-rich phase particles. At this point, the average diameter of the nano-scale second phase particles within the alloy is less than 6 nm.
And seventhly, milling the surface of the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment. The size of the aluminum bronze after surface milling became 48mm × 86mm × 500 mm.
And step eight, rolling the milled aluminum bronze, and rolling the alloy with the height of 48mm to 20mm to obtain the cold-rolled aluminum bronze plate. At this time, the crystal grains were elongated in the rolling direction, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the normal direction of the rolled surface was 2 μm, and the KAM value of the rolled surface was 2.6 as measured by the SEM-EBSD method.
And step nine, placing the aluminum bronze into a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃. In this case, the average diameter of the second phase particles in the nano-scale was 15.3nm, and the number of precipitated phase particles per unit area was 2.1X 1015。
Step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment; and removing the oxide layer. And then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product. At this time, the alloy strength was 778MPa, the elongation was 8%, the conductivity was 14.9% IACS, the softening temperature was 560 ℃, and the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ was 0.02 mm/year.
Example 5
An aluminum bronze material comprises Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti and Nb elements and inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of each component is as follows: 8 wt% of Al element, 2 wt% of Ni element, 1.0 wt% of Cr element, 1.2 wt% of Nb element, 0.2 wt% of Ti element, 0.05 wt% of Ce element, 0.05 wt% of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of copper. The preparation method of the aluminum bronze comprises the following steps:
step one, pure copper, pure aluminum and pure nickel with the mass purity of 99.9 percentPure chromium, pure titanium, pure niobium and the like are put into a graphite crucible and put into a vacuum induction melting furnace. First, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 6.0X 10-2Pa, melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the melting temperature to be about 1250 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; subsequently, the metal solution was kept warm for 20 minutes and poured into a square iron mold of 100mm × 120 mm × L (height × width × length) to prepare a Cu — Al — Ni alloy cast slab.
And step two, cutting the head and the tail of the aluminum bronze cast ingot and milling the surface to obtain square billets with the length, the width and the height of 200mm, 115 mm and 96 mm respectively, and heating the square billets to 880 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 h.
And step three, taking the aluminum bronze obtained in the step two out of the heating furnace, and performing hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze was drawn out in the length direction, the aluminum bronze increased in length from 100mm to about 200mm, reduced in width from 150mm to about 110mm, and reduced in height from 150mm to about 100mm, and had a strain of 0.71.
And step four, repeating the operation of the step three once, and obtaining the aluminum bronze material with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 110mm multiplied by 200mm after hot forging.
And step five, placing the aluminum bronze in the step four in a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h, and then carrying out hot forging. Hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, firstly, upsetting is carried out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze after upsetting is shortened from 200mm to about 100mm, the width is increased to about 150mm, the height is increased to about 150mm, and the strain is-0.71; subsequently, the aluminum bronze is drawn out along the length direction, the length of the aluminum bronze is increased from 100mm to about 500mm, the width of the aluminum bronze is reduced from 150mm to about 50mm, the height of the aluminum bronze is increased from 150mm to about 90mm, and the strain of the aluminum bronze is 1.6. The aluminum bronze temperature was 450 ℃ after elongation. Subsequently, it was cooled to room temperature by water cooling at a cooling rate of 150 ℃/min. At this time, the matrix in the aluminum bronze material had an average crystal grain diameter of 4 μm, a phase volume fraction of the α phase of 96%, a hardness value of 162HV, and an elongation of 20%.
And step six, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to ensure desolventizing and separating out of the chromium-rich phase particles. At this point, the average diameter of the nano-scale second phase particles within the alloy is less than 7 nm.
And seventhly, milling the surface of the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment. The size of the aluminum bronze after surface milling became 48mm × 86mm × 500 mm.
And step eight, rolling the milled aluminum bronze, and rolling the alloy with the height of 48mm to 15mm to obtain the cold-rolled aluminum bronze plate. At this time, the crystal grains were elongated in the rolling direction, the average thickness of the alloy crystal grains in the normal direction of the rolled surface was 1 μm, and the KAM value of the rolled surface was 2.8 as measured by the SEM-EBSD method.
And step nine, placing the aluminum bronze into a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃. In this case, the average diameter of the second phase particles in the nano-scale was 13.2nm, and the number of precipitated phase particles per unit area was 2.3X 1015。
Step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment; and removing the oxide layer. And then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product. At this time, the alloy strength was 824MPa, the elongation was 5.5%, the electrical conductivity was 14.3% IACS, the softening temperature was 540 ℃, and the corrosion rate in artificial seawater at 20 ℃ was 0.02 mm/year.
Table 1 chemical composition, structural characteristics and performance index of the alloy of the present invention.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and besides, there are many different embodiments, which can be conceived by those skilled in the art after understanding the idea of the present invention, and therefore, they are not listed here.
Claims (8)
1. An aluminum bronze with high heat resistance, characterized in that Al element is 4-8 wt%, Ni element is 1.5-2 wt%, Cr element is 0.5-1.0 wt%, Nb element is 0.2-2.0wt%, Ti element is 0.05-0.2 wt%, Ce element is 0.02-0.1wt%, and the remainder is Cu plus inevitable impurities.
2. The method for producing a highly heat-resistant aluminum bronze according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, filling pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium and pure niobium into a graphite crucible, and putting the graphite crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace; first, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum induction melting furnace was controlled to 8.0X 10-2Melting the metal raw material under the vacuum condition below Pa, wherein the melting temperature is 1200-1400 ℃; after the metal is melted, introducing argon into the smelting furnace; then, pouring the metal solution into an iron square die after the metal solution is kept warm for 20-40 minutes to prepare an aluminum bronze casting blank;
secondly, putting the aluminum bronze casting blank into a heating furnace with the temperature of 880 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min-2 h;
step three, carrying out hot forging on the aluminum bronze casting blank, wherein the hot forging is divided into two stages of upsetting and drawing, and the absolute value of strain of each stage is more than 0.6; the time of single hot forging is less than 5 minutes;
step four, repeating the operation of the step three for a plurality of times, and preparing the aluminum bronze material through multi-pass hot forging;
step five, performing hot forging on the aluminum bronze material after heat preservation is performed for 1-2h at the temperature of 700-;
sixthly, placing the cooled aluminum bronze after hot forging in a heating furnace, and preserving heat for 0.5-2h at the temperature of 400-;
seventhly, milling the aluminum bronze in the sixth step;
step eight, rolling the aluminum bronze sheet obtained in the step seven, wherein the rolling reduction rate is more than 40%, so as to obtain an aluminum bronze sheet;
step nine, placing the aluminum bronze in the step eight in a heating furnace protected by hydrogen or nitrogen, and preserving heat for 0.5-2h at the temperature of 350-;
step ten, carrying out acid washing treatment on the aluminum bronze subjected to the heat treatment; and then dehydrating and drying the pickled aluminum bronze to obtain the high-heat-resistance aluminum bronze product.
3. The method of making an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein the purity of each of said pure copper, pure aluminum, pure nickel, pure chromium, pure titanium, and pure niobium in step one is no less than 99.9% by mass.
4. The method of making an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum bronze in steps three, four, and five has a total strain of less than-0.6 during the upset phase, a total strain of greater than 0.6 during the elongation phase, and a single hot forging time of less than 5 minutes.
5. The method of manufacturing an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein the cooling rate of the alloy material in the fifth step is 50 ℃/min or more.
6. The method of manufacturing an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein the average grain diameter of the matrix in the aluminum bronze material after cooling in the fifth step is less than 20 μm, the phase volume fraction of the α phase is greater than 95%, the hardness value is 140-180HV, and the elongation is 15% or more.
7. The method of producing an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein in step eight the average thickness of the alloy grains in the rolling plane normal direction is less than 5 μm; furthermore, the KAM value of the rolled surface measured by the EBSD method is between 1.8 and 3.0.
8. The method of producing an aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 2, wherein the average diameter of the second-phase particles of nanometer size in step nine is 8 to 18 nm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910687210.5A CN110284025B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910687210.5A CN110284025B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110284025A CN110284025A (en) | 2019-09-27 |
| CN110284025B true CN110284025B (en) | 2020-12-25 |
Family
ID=68024078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910687210.5A Active CN110284025B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110284025B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4116448A4 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2024-03-27 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Pure copper plate |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5993848A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-05-30 | Toshiba Corp | Damping alloy |
| JPS6077947A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-05-02 | Masamichi Miki | Copper-base functional alloy |
| JPH01275730A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1989-11-06 | Seiichi Izutsuya | Artificial gold and its manufacture |
| JPH06228682A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-16 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Cu alloy excellent in resistance at high temperature |
| JP3971961B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2007-09-05 | 中央発條株式会社 | Superelastic alloy foil, strain sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5567093B2 (en) * | 2012-09-16 | 2014-08-06 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | Cu-Al-Mn alloy material showing stable superelasticity and method for producing the same |
| CN102899523B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-03-25 | 镇江金叶螺旋桨有限公司 | Zirconium and strontium compound micro-alloyed nickel-aluminum bronze and preparation method thereof |
| CN103215471B (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2015-03-04 | 厦门大学 | Copper-aluminum-iron-manganese high-temperature shape memory alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103627922B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏大学 | A kind of ternary alloy self-lubricating composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN105088002A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-25 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | Copper-aluminum-iron-nickel-manganese-tungsten-molybdenum alloy with improved thermal fatigue resistant property |
| CN104745861B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2017-04-05 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of yorcalnic plastic mould material |
| CN107828985A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-23 | 江西理工大学 | Cu Cr Zr Ni Al copper alloys, wire rod and preparation method thereof |
| CN108384984B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2020-01-03 | 天津理工大学 | Preparation method of low-cost high-temperature shape memory alloy |
| CN108767790A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏金利电气有限公司 | A kind of high-reliability high fireproof bus duct and its processing technology |
-
2019
- 2019-07-29 CN CN201910687210.5A patent/CN110284025B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110284025A (en) | 2019-09-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108300918B (en) | Calcium-containing rare earth magnesium alloy sheet with high room temperature forming performance and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109022896B (en) | High-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant Cu-Fe-Y-Mg alloy material with electromagnetic wave shielding performance and preparation method thereof | |
| AU2017239455B2 (en) | Lightweight, high-conductivity, heat-resistant, iron-containing aluminum wire and preparation process therefor | |
| CN112522645B (en) | Preparation method of high-strength high-toughness homogeneous fine-grain CrCoNi intermediate-entropy alloy thin plate | |
| CN107164646A (en) | A kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials | |
| CN111826550B (en) | Moderate-strength nitric acid corrosion resistant titanium alloy | |
| CN109266901B (en) | Preparation method of Cu15Ni8Sn high-strength wear-resistant alloy rod/wire | |
| CN113430403B (en) | Method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness rare earth magnesium alloy through pre-aging | |
| CN110747365B (en) | High-plasticity high-strength high-conductivity CuCrZr copper alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110629083B (en) | Marine 5083 aluminum alloy plate and preparation process thereof | |
| CN114657417B (en) | High-strength plastic titanium alloy suitable for cold deformation processing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113718129B (en) | Chromium-zirconium-copper alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109536803B (en) | High-ductility low-rare earth magnesium alloy plate and preparation method thereof | |
| KR101909152B1 (en) | Heat resistant aluminium base alloy and fabrication method | |
| CN115747563B (en) | Cu-15Ni-8 Sn-based alloy for ocean engineering and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113699397A (en) | Preparation process of copper alloy material for short-process lead frame | |
| CN113444944A (en) | Low-cost high-strength high-ductility rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110284025B (en) | Aluminum bronze material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104328313A (en) | High-strength deformable zinc-based alloy material | |
| CN105154715A (en) | High-performance copper alloy material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112795821A (en) | Aluminum alloy for high-strength, corrosion-resistant and high-pressure pump body bolt and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113005324B (en) | Copper-titanium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113502423B (en) | High-plasticity and high-strength cast beryllium-aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109022958A (en) | A kind of manufacturing method of 5083 aluminium alloy thick plate peculiar to vessel | |
| CN113322396B (en) | Copper-nickel-based medium-entropy alloy with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |