CN110280977B - Machining method for shaft parts and numerical control automatic lathe using method - Google Patents
Machining method for shaft parts and numerical control automatic lathe using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110280977B CN110280977B CN201910563776.7A CN201910563776A CN110280977B CN 110280977 B CN110280977 B CN 110280977B CN 201910563776 A CN201910563776 A CN 201910563776A CN 110280977 B CN110280977 B CN 110280977B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic machining, in particular to a machining method of shaft parts and a numerical control automatic lathe using the method, and the machining method comprises a frame, a spindle box arranged on the frame, a rotating spindle rotationally arranged on the spindle box and used for clamping a shaft piece to rotate, and a machining assembly used for machining the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle, wherein the machining assembly comprises a radial machining mechanism used for machining the radial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle and an axial machining mechanism used for machining the axial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle. The method has simple and quick process, and does not need to detach the shaft part in the processing process, thereby improving the production efficiency and the production precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic machining, in particular to a machining method of shaft parts and a numerical control automatic lathe using the method.
Background
With the progress of society, the manufacturing industry is also changing day by day, and now, the demands of automatic production equipment are also increasing day by day, and various industries tend to automatically produce so as to reduce labor cost. However, non-standard automated production equipment is necessary to meet the individual requirements, and the manufacture of such equipment requires the use of non-standard parts. The cylindrical head socket head cap screw shown in fig. 1 is provided with a thread section 01 and a nut section 02, wherein the thread section is provided with a hexagonal through hole 03, the nut section is provided with a cup groove 04 (also in a round counter bore), and if the conventional turning process is adopted, the shaft adding part needs to be disassembled and assembled for two times to be processed respectively, so that the part can be produced. The processing technology has low processing efficiency and poor processing precision, the product is difficult to deliver and use on time, and the production cost of enterprises is increased. Therefore, the existing processing method of the socket head cap screw is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method for shaft parts, which has the advantages of simple processing technology, no need of dividing shaft parts into two times of processing, high processing efficiency and high processing precision, and a numerical control automatic lathe using the method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a processing method of shaft parts, which comprises a rotating main shaft for clamping rotation of a shaft part, a drilling cutter, a thread processing cutter, an inner hexagonal forming cutter, an L-shaped rough milling cutter and an L-shaped finish milling cutter, and comprises the following processing steps:
step one, clamping a shaft piece on a rotating main shaft, wherein the machining surface of the shaft piece faces to a drilling tool;
step two, drilling a bottom hole from the processing surface of the shaft piece to the inside of the shaft piece by using a drilling tool bit, wherein the diameter of the bottom hole is equal to the width between two opposite sides of the inner hexagon;
thirdly, abutting the rotatable inner hexagonal forming cutter with a bottom hole of the rotating shaft piece so that the inner hexagonal forming cutter rotates together with the shaft piece, and driving the inner hexagonal forming cutter to apply punching force to the axial direction of the shaft piece so as to punch an inner hexagonal from the bottom hole of the shaft piece;
step four, adopting a thread processing cutter to carry out thread processing on the outer side of the front shaft section of the shaft piece;
turning a longitudinal groove on the side surface of the shaft member by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter;
turning a transverse groove communicated with the longitudinal groove in the longitudinal groove of the shaft along the axial direction of the shaft and in the direction away from the rotating main shaft by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter;
step seven, retracting an L-shaped rough milling cutter, and finish milling a transverse groove of a shaft member by adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter;
and eighth, cutting off the shaft piece in the transverse groove of the shaft piece along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft by adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter so as to form a cup groove at one end of the shaft piece.
In the second step, the depth of the bottom hole is 0.7mm to 1mm deeper than the required depth of the hexagon socket, and the rear end of the bottom hole is chamfered.
In the eighth step, a chamfer is arranged on the shank of the L-shaped finish milling cutter; when the L-shaped finish milling cutter cuts off the shaft piece, the chamfering of the cutter handle is used for chamfering the front end of the thread section of the subsequent shaft piece.
The invention also provides a numerical control automatic lathe which comprises a frame, a spindle box arranged on the frame, a rotating spindle rotationally arranged on the spindle box and used for clamping a shaft piece to rotate, and a processing assembly used for processing the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle, wherein the processing assembly comprises a radial processing mechanism used for processing the radial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle and an axial processing mechanism used for processing the axial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle; the axial machining mechanism comprises a rotating tool apron, a tool apron rotating driving mechanism, a punching shaft, a machining shaft, a punching driving device, a movable driving device, a first reset piece and a second reset piece, wherein the rotating tool apron is arranged on a frame, the tool apron rotating driving mechanism is used for driving the rotating tool apron to rotate, the punching shaft and the machining shaft are arranged on the rotating tool apron, the punching driving device is used for driving the punching shaft to be close to a rotating main shaft, the movable driving device is used for driving the machining shaft to be close to the rotating main shaft, the first reset piece is used for driving the punching shaft to reset, the second reset piece is used for driving the machining shaft to reset, the punching shaft is rotationally provided with an inner hexagon forming tool, and the machining shaft is provided with a drilling tool; the radial machining mechanism comprises an L-shaped rough milling cutter and an L-shaped finish milling cutter which are respectively arranged on two sides of the rotating main shaft, a first cutter displacement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating main shaft, and a second cutter displacement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating main shaft.
The L-shaped rough milling cutter and the L-shaped finish milling cutter are respectively provided with a cutter back and a cutter tip, and the cutter back of the L-shaped finish milling cutter is provided with a chamfer angle.
The movable driving device comprises a first swing arm, a cam driving mechanism and a first elastic piece, wherein the first swing arm is arranged on the frame in a rotating mode, the cam driving mechanism is used for driving the first swing arm to approach to the rotating tool apron, the first elastic piece is used for driving the first swing arm to be far away from the rotating tool apron, the middle of the first swing arm is connected with the frame in a rotating mode, one end of the first swing arm is used for abutting against one end of the processing shaft, far away from the rotating main shaft, and the other end of the first swing arm is connected with the cam driving mechanism in a driving mode.
Further, the cam driving mechanism comprises a cam shaft, a first cam and a cam rotation driving device, wherein the cam shaft is arranged on the frame in a rotating mode, the first cam is arranged on the cam shaft, the cam rotation driving device is used for driving the cam shaft to rotate, and one end of the first elastic piece is used for driving the first swing arm to always abut against the outer contour of the first cam.
Further, the first cutter displacement driving mechanism comprises a first cutter radial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft and a first cutter axial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotating main shaft; the second cutter displacement driving mechanism comprises a second cutter radial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft and a second cutter axial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotating main shaft.
Further, the first cutter radial movement driving mechanism comprises a second elastic piece, a fixed seat arranged on the frame, a sliding block arranged on the fixed seat in a sliding manner along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft, a fixed cutter seat arranged on the sliding block in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the rotating main shaft, a linkage crank arranged on the fixed seat in a rotating manner and a second cam arranged on the cam shaft, wherein the second elastic piece is used for driving the sliding block to be far away from the rotating main shaft; the middle part of the linkage crank is rotationally connected with the fixed seat, one end of the linkage crank is hinged with the sliding block, and the other end of the linkage crank is in contact with the second cam; the L-shaped rough milling cutter is arranged on the fixed cutter holder.
Further, the first tangential axial movement driving mechanism comprises a third elastic piece, a linkage arm, a second swing arm rotationally arranged on the frame and a third cam arranged on the cam shaft, two ends of the linkage arm respectively collide with one ends of the fixed tool apron and the second swing arm, the other end of the second swing arm is in contact with the outer contour of the third cam, and the third elastic piece is used for driving the linkage arm to always move away from the direction of the fixed tool apron.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the machining method of the shaft parts, the shaft parts are not required to be segmented, the drilling cutter and the inner hexagonal forming cutter are directly used for machining inner hexagonal parts, meanwhile, the L-shaped rough milling cutter is firstly used for turning longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves on one side of the shaft parts, then the L-shaped finish milling cutter is used for finishing the transverse grooves of the shaft parts, then the shaft parts are cut off, cup grooves are formed at one end of the cut shaft parts, the thread section of the shaft part which is clamped on the turning groove of the shaft part of the rotating main shaft is formed, and time is saved for subsequent shaft part machining. The machining method adopts the grooving mode of the L-shaped rough milling cutter and the L-shaped finish milling cutter, so that the process of the method is simple and quick, and a shaft piece does not need to be disassembled in the machining process, thereby improving the production efficiency and the production precision. The invention also provides a numerical control automatic lathe using the processing method, and the numerical control automatic lathe has the advantages of simple and compact structure, stable and reliable operation and high degree of automation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a socket head cap screw;
FIG. 2 is a machining path diagram of the L-shaped rough milling cutter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a machining path diagram of the L-shaped finish milling cutter of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the numerical control automatic lathe according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another view angle of the NC automatic lathe according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a first cutter radial movement driving mechanism according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a rotary driving mechanism for a tool apron according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples and drawings, to which reference is made, but which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a processing method of shaft parts, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, which comprises a rotating main shaft 12 for clamping rotation of a shaft part, a drilling tool, a thread processing tool, an inner hexagonal forming tool, an L-shaped rough milling tool 13 and an L-shaped finish milling tool 14, and the processing steps are as follows:
step one, clamping a shaft piece on a rotary main shaft 12, wherein the machining surface of the shaft piece faces to a drilling tool;
step two, drilling a bottom hole from the processing surface of the shaft piece to the inside of the shaft piece by using a drill bit, wherein the diameter of the bottom hole is equal to the width between two opposite sides of the inner hexagon;
thirdly, abutting the rotatable inner hexagonal forming cutter against a bottom hole of the rotating shaft piece so that the inner hexagonal forming cutter rotates together with the shaft piece, and driving the inner hexagonal forming cutter to apply punching force to the axial direction of the shaft piece so as to punch an inner hexagonal 03 out of the bottom hole of the shaft piece;
step four, adopting a thread processing cutter to process threads on the outer side of a thread section 01 of the shaft piece;
turning a longitudinal groove 05 on the side surface of the shaft piece by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter 13;
turning a transverse groove 06 communicated with the longitudinal groove 05 in the longitudinal groove 05 of the shaft along the axial direction of the shaft and in the direction away from the shaft by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 so as to turn a rudiment of the cup groove 04 on the shaft;
step seven, retracting the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13, and adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 to finish-mill a transverse groove 06 of the shaft member;
and step eight, cutting the shaft member in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12 by adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 in the transverse groove 06 of the shaft member so as to form a cup groove 04 at one end of the shaft member.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 1, the conventional processing method of the socket head cap screw is to cut a long shaft piece into a plurality of small section material pieces respectively; clamping the segment material piece on a rotating main shaft 12, turning a cup groove 04 on the machining surface of the shaft piece by adopting a common milling cutter, removing the segment material piece after the cup groove 04 is machined, clamping the segment material piece on the rotating main shaft 12 in the opposite direction, turning a thread section 01 on the segment material piece by adopting the milling cutter, turning a thread on the thread section 01 by adopting a thread machining cutter, and then machining an inner hexagon of the thread section by adopting a drilling cutter and an inner hexagon forming cutter, thereby finishing the machining of the socket head cap screw. However, the shaft part needs to be segmented firstly, the segmented material part needs to be disassembled and assembled during processing, the process is complex, the operation is inconvenient, the production efficiency is low, the disassembly and assembly of the segmented material part are difficult to ensure the processing standard, and the production precision is poor. In the machining method of the invention, the shaft is not required to be segmented, the drilling cutter and the internal hexagonal forming cutter are directly adopted to carry out internal hexagonal machining on the shaft, meanwhile, the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 is adopted to turn the longitudinal groove 05 and the transverse groove 06 on one side of the shaft, then the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 is adopted to finish the transverse groove 06 of the shaft, then the shaft is cut off, one end of the cut shaft forms a cup groove 04, and the section of the shaft clamped on the rotating main shaft 12, which is turned, forms a threaded section 01 of the subsequent shaft, so that the time is saved for the subsequent shaft machining. The machining method adopts the grooving mode of the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 and the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14, so that the process of the method is simple and quick, and a shaft piece does not need to be disassembled in the machining process, thereby improving the production efficiency and the production precision.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 can simultaneously machine the thread segments 01 of the shaft and the blanks of the cup grooves 04 of the shaft when turning the longitudinal grooves 05 and the transverse grooves 06; after the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 cuts the shaft, the cup 04 of the shaft can be machined.
Specifically, in the second step, the depth of the pilot hole is 0.7mm to 1mm deeper than the required depth of the hexagon socket, and the rear end of the pilot hole is chamfered. The chamfering processing can reduce the resistance of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 when the subsequent L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 cuts off the shaft piece, and is easy to cut off; and avoid the generation of drill way burr to improve the production quality of axle spare.
Specifically, in the eighth step, the back 131 of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 is provided with a chamfer 141, and when the shaft is cut by the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14, the chamfer 141 of the back 131 chamfers the front end of the thread segment 01 of the subsequent shaft. The structure has simple and ingenious design, can save the production steps of shaft parts, further saves the production time and improves the production efficiency.
As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the present invention also provides a numerical control automatic lathe, which comprises a frame 1, a headstock 11 provided to the frame 1, a rotating spindle 12 rotatably provided to the headstock 11 and used for holding a shaft member for rotation, and a machining unit for machining the shaft member held by the rotating spindle 12, the machining unit comprising a radial machining mechanism for machining the radial direction of the shaft member held by the rotating spindle 12 and an axial machining mechanism 3 for machining the axial direction of the shaft member held by the rotating spindle 12; the axial machining mechanism 3 comprises a rotary tool apron 31, a tool apron rotary driving mechanism 32, a punching shaft 33, a machining shaft 34, a punching driving device 35, a movable driving device 36, a first reset piece and a second reset piece, wherein the rotary tool apron 31 is rotatably arranged on the machine frame 1, the tool apron rotary driving mechanism 32 is used for driving the rotary tool apron 31 to rotate, the punching shaft 33 and the machining shaft 34 are arranged on the rotary tool apron 31, the punching driving device 35 is used for driving the punching shaft 33 to be close to the rotary main shaft 12, the movable driving device 36 is used for driving the machining shaft 34 to be close to the rotary main shaft 12, the first reset piece is used for driving the punching shaft 33 to reset, the second reset piece is used for driving the machining shaft 34 to reset, the punching shaft 33 is rotatably provided with an inner hexagon forming tool, and the machining shaft 34 is provided with a drilling tool; the radial machining mechanism includes an L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 and an L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 provided on both sides of the rotating spindle 12, respectively, a first cutter displacement driving mechanism 21 for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 to be movable in the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating spindle 12, and a second cutter displacement driving mechanism 22 for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 to be movable in the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating spindle 12.
Specifically, the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 and the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 are each provided with a back 131 and a nose 132, and the back 131 of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 is provided with a chamfer 141.
In practical application, the rotating spindle 12 clamps the shaft and drives the shaft to rotate, the tool apron rotation driving mechanism 32 drives the rotating tool apron 31 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating tool apron 31 drives the processing shaft 34 and the stamping shaft 33 to rotate until the central axis of the processing shaft 34 coincides with the central axis of the rotating spindle 12; then, the movable driving device 36 drives the processing shaft 34 to move close to the rotary main shaft 12, the movement of the processing shaft 34 drives the drilling tool to abut against the shaft piece and process a bottom hole on the processing surface of the shaft piece, and after the bottom hole is processed, the second reset piece drives the processing shaft 34 to reset so as to retract the drilling tool; then, the tool apron rotation driving mechanism 32 drives the rotation tool apron 31 to rotate until the central axis of the punching shaft 33 coincides with the central axis of the rotation main shaft 12, at this time, the punching driving device 35 drives the punching shaft 33 to punch the rotation main shaft 12, specifically, the punching driving device 35 is a punching cylinder; the movement of the stamping shaft 33 drives the inner hexagon-shaping cutter to apply stamping force to the axial direction of the shaft member so as to stamp the inner hexagon into the bottom hole of the shaft member, and after the inner hexagon is processed, the first reset member drives the stamping shaft 33 to reset so as to retract the inner hexagon-shaping cutter; then, the first cutter displacement driving mechanism 21 drives the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 to move towards the radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12, so that the back 131 of the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 cuts the side edge of the shaft to mill the longitudinal groove 05 on the side edge of the shaft, then the first cutter displacement driving mechanism 21 drives the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 to move towards the direction away from the rotating main shaft 12 along the axial direction of the rotating main shaft 12 again to mill the transverse groove 06 on the axial direction of the shaft, and after finishing cutting, the first cutter displacement driving mechanism 21 drives the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 to retract; next, the second cutter displacement driving mechanism 22 drives the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 to move towards the shaft, so that the tip of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 performs finish milling on the transverse groove 06 of the shaft, after finish milling, the second cutter displacement driving mechanism 22 drives the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 to move along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12 in the transverse groove 06, so that the back of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 cuts off the shaft, and chamfering of the back of the L-shaped finish milling cutter 14 can chamfer the front end of the thread section 01 of the subsequent shaft while cutting off; the shaft after cutting is the part to be machined shown in fig. 1.
In this technical solution, the moving driving device 36 includes a first swing arm 361 rotatably disposed on the frame 1, a cam driving mechanism for driving the first swing arm 361 to approach the rotating tool holder 31 and a first elastic element for driving the first swing arm 361 to rotate away from the rotating tool holder 31, where the middle part of the first swing arm 361 is rotationally connected with the frame 1, one end of the first swing arm 361 is used to abut against one end of the processing shaft 34 away from the rotating spindle 12, and the other end of the first swing arm 361 is drivingly connected with the cam driving mechanism.
In practical application, the cam driving mechanism drives the first swing arm 361 to rotate close to the rotary tool apron 31, and the rotation of the first swing arm 361 collides with one end of the processing shaft 34 far away from the rotary main shaft 12 and pushes the processing shaft 34 to move close to the rotary main shaft 12, so as to drive a drilling tool arranged on the processing shaft 34 to move; when the first swing arm 361 rotates close to the rotating tool apron 31, the first elastic element is in a state of storing elastic potential energy, and when the cam driving mechanism releases driving of the first swing arm 361, the first elastic element releases the elastic potential energy, and the first swing arm 361 is driven to rotate away from the rotating tool apron 31 under the action of the elastic force of the first elastic element, so that the reset of the processing shaft 34 is realized. The structure design of the movable driving device 36 is simple and compact, the operation is stable and reliable, and the control is accurate.
In this technical solution, the cam driving mechanism includes a cam shaft 362 rotatably disposed on the frame 1, a first cam 363 disposed on the cam shaft 362, and a cam rotation driving device for driving the cam shaft 362 to rotate, where the first elastic member is used to drive one end of the first swing arm 361 to always collide with an outer contour of the first cam 363. In practical application, the first swing arm 361 is driven by the elastic force of the first elastic element, so that one end of the first swing arm 361 always abuts against the outer contour of the first cam 363, the cam rotation driving device drives the cam shaft 362 to rotate, the rotation of the cam shaft 362 drives the first cam 363 to rotate, and the rotation of the first cam 363 makes the end of the first swing arm 361 abutting against the first cam shaft 363 move along the outer contour of the first cam 363, so that the first cam 363 can drive the first swing arm 361 to periodically approach or separate from the rotary tool apron 31. The structure is simple and ingenious in design, the complicated electric control program can be reduced by mechanical transmission, the control is simplified, and the operation is stable and reliable, so that the machining efficiency and the machining accuracy of the invention are improved.
In the present embodiment, the first cutter displacement driving mechanism 21 includes a first cutter radial displacement driving mechanism 211 for driving the rough milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotary spindle 12 and a first cutter axial displacement driving mechanism 212 for driving the rough milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotary spindle 12;
preferably, the first cutter radial movement driving mechanism 211 includes a second elastic member, a fixed seat 2111 provided on the frame 1, a sliding block 2112 slidably provided on the fixed seat 2111 along a radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12, a fixed cutter seat 2113 slidably provided on the sliding block 2112 along an axial direction of the rotating main shaft 12, a linked crank 2114 rotatably provided on the fixed seat 2111, and a second cam 2115 provided on the cam shaft 362, wherein the second elastic member is used for driving the sliding block 2112 away from the rotating main shaft 12; the middle part of the linkage crank 2114 is rotationally connected with the fixed seat 2111, one end of the linkage crank 2114 is hinged with the sliding block 2112, and the other end of the linkage crank 2114 is in contact with the second cam 2115; the L-shaped rough milling cutter 13 is mounted to a fixed cutter seat 2113. In practical application, under the action of the elastic force of the second elastic member, the second elastic member always gives the sliding block 2112 a driving force moving away from the rotating main shaft 12, and the driving force drives the linkage crank 2114 to always keep rotating away from the rotating main shaft 12, so that the other end of the linkage crank 2114 always abuts against the outer contour of the second cam 2115 of the cam shaft 362; the rotating cam shaft 362 drives the second cam 2115 to rotate, so that the other end of the linkage crank 2114 can move along the outer contour of the second cam 2115; under the eccentric outer contour of the second cam 2115, the second cam 2115 rotates to drive the linkage crank 2114 to periodically move close to and away from the rotating main shaft 12, the linkage crank 2114 periodically rotates to drive the sliding block 2112 to periodically move close to and away from the rotating main shaft 12 along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12, and the movement of the sliding block 2112 drives the rough milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft 12 through the fixed cutter holder 2113. The structure is simple and ingenious in design, the complicated electric control program can be reduced by mechanical transmission, the control is simplified, and the operation is stable and reliable, so that the machining efficiency and the machining accuracy of the invention are improved.
Preferably, the first tangential axial movement driving mechanism 212 includes a third elastic member, a linkage arm 2121, a second swing arm 2122 rotatably disposed on the frame 1, and a third cam 2123 disposed on the cam shaft 362, wherein two ends of the linkage arm 2121 respectively abut against one end of the fixed tool holder 2113 and one end of the second swing arm 2122, and the other end of the second swing arm 2122 abuts against an outer contour of the third cam 2123, and the third elastic member is used for driving the linkage arm 2121 to move always away from the direction of the fixed tool holder 2113. In practical application, under the action of the elastic force of the third elastic member, the third elastic member always gives the fixed tool holder 2113 a driving force moving away from the rotating spindle 12, and the driving force drives the second swing arm 2122 to always keep rotating away from the rotating spindle 12 via the linkage arm 2121, so that the other end of the second swing arm 2122 always abuts against the outer contour of the third cam 2123 of the cam shaft 362; the rotating cam shaft 362 drives the third cam 2123 to rotate, so that the other end of the second swing arm 2122 can move along the outer contour of the third cam 2123; under the eccentric outer contour of the third cam 2123, the rotation of the third cam 2123 drives the second swing arm 2122 to periodically move closer to and further away from the rotating spindle 12, and the periodic rotation of the second swing arm 2122 drives the fixed tool holder 2113 to periodically move closer to and further away from the rotating spindle 12 along the axial direction of the rotating spindle 12, and the movement of the fixed tool holder 2113 drives the finish milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotating spindle 12.
Specifically, the second cutter displacement driving mechanism 22 includes a second cutter radial movement driving mechanism for driving the finish milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotary spindle 12 and a second cutter axial movement driving mechanism for driving the finish milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotary spindle 12. The structure and the working principle of the second cutter radial movement driving mechanism and the second cutter axial movement driving mechanism are the same as those of the first cutter radial movement driving mechanism 211 and the first cutter axial movement driving mechanism 212, and are not described in detail herein.
In this technical solution, the tool apron rotation driving mechanism 32 includes a base 321 disposed on the frame 1, a rotation shaft 322 rotatably disposed on the base 321, a driven pulley 323 disposed on the rotation shaft 322, a driving pulley 324 rotatably disposed on the frame 1, a driving belt 325 wound around the driving pulley 324 and the driven pulley 323, and a driving motor 326 for driving the driving pulley 324 to rotate, and the rotating tool apron 31 is connected with the rotation shaft 322.
In practical applications, the driving motor 326 may be a servo motor or a stepper motor. The driving motor 326 drives the driving pulley 324 to rotate, the driving pulley 324 rotates to drive the driven pulley 323 to rotate along with the driven pulley 325, the driven pulley 323 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 322 to rotate, the rotating shaft 322 rotates to drive the rotating tool holder 31 to rotate, and the rotating tool holder 31 rotates to drive the stamping shaft 33 and the processing shaft 34 to rotate. The structure is simple and compact in design, stable in transmission and high in rotation precision.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following description, and any modifications, equivalent changes and variations in light of the above-described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A processing method of shaft parts is characterized in that: the machining method comprises the following machining steps of a rotating main shaft, a drilling cutter, a thread machining cutter, an inner hexagonal forming cutter, an L-shaped rough milling cutter and an L-shaped finish milling cutter, wherein the rotating main shaft, the drilling cutter, the thread machining cutter, the inner hexagonal forming cutter, the L-shaped rough milling cutter and the L-shaped finish milling cutter are used for clamping rotation of a shaft part:
step one, clamping a shaft piece on a rotating main shaft, wherein the machining surface of the shaft piece faces to a drilling tool;
step two, drilling a bottom hole from the processing surface of the shaft piece to the inside of the shaft piece by using a drilling tool bit, wherein the diameter of the bottom hole is equal to the width between two opposite sides of the inner hexagon;
thirdly, abutting the rotatable inner hexagonal forming cutter with a bottom hole of the rotating shaft piece so that the inner hexagonal forming cutter rotates together with the shaft piece, and driving the inner hexagonal forming cutter to apply punching force to the axial direction of the shaft piece so as to punch an inner hexagonal from the bottom hole of the shaft piece;
step four, adopting a thread processing cutter to carry out thread processing on the outer side of the front shaft section of the shaft piece;
turning a longitudinal groove on the side surface of the shaft member by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter;
turning a transverse groove communicated with the longitudinal groove in the longitudinal groove of the shaft along the axial direction of the shaft and in the direction away from the rotating main shaft by adopting an L-shaped rough milling cutter;
step seven, retracting an L-shaped rough milling cutter, and finish milling a transverse groove of a shaft member by adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter;
and eighth, cutting off the shaft piece in the transverse groove of the shaft piece along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft by adopting an L-shaped finish milling cutter so as to form a cup groove at one end of the shaft piece.
2. The method for machining the shaft parts according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the depth of the bottom hole is 0.7mm to 1mm deeper than the required depth of the hexagon socket, and the rear end of the bottom hole is chamfered.
3. The method for machining the shaft parts according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the eighth step, a chamfer is arranged on a cutter handle of the L-shaped finish milling cutter; when the L-shaped finish milling cutter cuts off the shaft piece, the chamfering of the cutter handle is used for chamfering the front end of the thread section of the subsequent shaft piece.
4. A numerical control automatic lathe is characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, a spindle box arranged on the frame, a rotating spindle rotationally arranged on the spindle box and used for clamping a shaft piece to rotate, and a processing assembly used for processing the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle, wherein the processing assembly comprises a radial processing mechanism used for processing the radial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle and an axial processing mechanism used for processing the axial direction of the shaft piece clamped by the rotating spindle; the axial machining mechanism comprises a rotating tool apron, a tool apron rotating driving mechanism, a punching shaft, a machining shaft, a punching driving device, a movable driving device, a first reset piece and a second reset piece, wherein the rotating tool apron is arranged on a frame, the tool apron rotating driving mechanism is used for driving the rotating tool apron to rotate, the punching shaft and the machining shaft are arranged on the rotating tool apron, the punching driving device is used for driving the punching shaft to be close to a rotating main shaft, the movable driving device is used for driving the machining shaft to be close to the rotating main shaft, the first reset piece is used for driving the punching shaft to reset, the second reset piece is used for driving the machining shaft to reset, the punching shaft is rotationally provided with an inner hexagon forming tool, and the machining shaft is provided with a drilling tool; the radial machining mechanism comprises an L-shaped rough milling cutter and an L-shaped finish milling cutter which are respectively arranged at two sides of the rotating main shaft, a first cutter displacement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating main shaft, and a second cutter displacement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move along the radial direction and the axial direction of the rotating main shaft; the movable driving device comprises a first swing arm, a cam driving mechanism and a first elastic piece, wherein the first swing arm is rotatably arranged on the frame, the cam driving mechanism is used for driving the first swing arm to approach to the rotating tool apron to rotate, the first elastic piece is used for driving the first swing arm to be far away from the rotating tool apron to rotate, the middle part of the first swing arm is rotatably connected with the frame, one end of the first swing arm is used for abutting against one end of the processing shaft far away from the rotating main shaft, and the other end of the first swing arm is in driving connection with the cam driving mechanism; the cam driving mechanism comprises a cam shaft, a first cam and a cam rotation driving device, the cam shaft is arranged on the frame in a rotating mode, the first cam is arranged on the cam shaft, the cam rotation driving device is used for driving the cam shaft to rotate, and one end of the first elastic piece is used for driving one end of the first swing arm to always abut against the outer contour of the first cam; the first cutter displacement driving mechanism comprises a first cutter radial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft and a first cutter axial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped rough milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotating main shaft; the second cutter displacement driving mechanism comprises a second cutter radial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move in the radial direction of the rotating main shaft and a second cutter axial movement driving mechanism for driving the L-shaped finish milling cutter to move in the axial direction of the rotating main shaft.
5. The numerically controlled automatic lathe as in claim 4, wherein: the L-shaped rough milling cutter and the L-shaped finish milling cutter are respectively provided with a cutter back and a cutter tip, and the cutter back of the L-shaped finish milling cutter is provided with a chamfer angle.
6. The numerically controlled automatic lathe as in claim 4, wherein: the first cutter radial movement driving mechanism comprises a second elastic piece, a fixed seat, a sliding block, a fixed cutter seat, a linkage crank and a second cam, wherein the fixed seat is arranged on the frame, the sliding block is arranged on the fixed seat in a sliding manner along the radial direction of the rotating main shaft, the fixed cutter seat is arranged on the sliding block in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the rotating main shaft, the linkage crank is arranged on the fixed seat in a rotating manner, and the second cam is arranged on the cam shaft, and the second elastic piece is used for driving the sliding block to be far away from the rotating main shaft; the middle part of the linkage crank is rotationally connected with the fixed seat, one end of the linkage crank is hinged with the sliding block, and the other end of the linkage crank is in contact with the second cam; the L-shaped rough milling cutter is arranged on the fixed cutter holder.
7. The numerically controlled automatic lathe as in claim 6, wherein: the first tangential axial movement driving mechanism comprises a third elastic piece, a linkage arm, a second swing arm rotationally arranged on the frame and a third cam arranged on the cam shaft, two ends of the linkage arm respectively collide with one ends of the fixed tool apron and the second swing arm, the other end of the second swing arm is in contact with the outer contour of the third cam, and the third elastic piece is used for driving the linkage arm to always move away from the direction of the fixed tool apron.
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| US3591139A (en) * | 1968-03-20 | 1971-07-06 | Arthur E Bishop | Method and apparatus for making valve sleeves |
| US7255522B2 (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2007-08-14 | Phillips Screw Company | Spiral drive fastener with engagement ramp |
| CN102059516A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-05-18 | 贵阳联众冲压制品有限公司 | Method for processing air spring base and structure of air spring base |
| CN102862039B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-08-13 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for machining blade root milling cutter |
| CN203918439U (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-11-05 | 东莞市佑昌精密机械有限公司 | A kind of automatic lathe that improves structure |
| CN108406233B (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-08-09 | 重庆天骄航空动力有限公司 | The processing method of irregular housing member intracavity bottom annular groove |
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