CN110278895A - A kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl - Google Patents
A kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl Download PDFInfo
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- CN110278895A CN110278895A CN201910607422.8A CN201910607422A CN110278895A CN 110278895 A CN110278895 A CN 110278895A CN 201910607422 A CN201910607422 A CN 201910607422A CN 110278895 A CN110278895 A CN 110278895A
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- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 5
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N (4s,4as,5as,6s,12ar)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]4(O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000035346 Margins of Excision Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000376029 Tachysurus fulvidraco Species 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 salts calcium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010048038 Wound infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, belong to freshwater mussel kind breeding field, a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, generation parent freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, select best freshwater mussel age, the male and female freshwater mussel of constitution is female male parent, female male parent is more than 300 right, it is marked respectively on the clam shell for the female male parent picked out, by the way that natural fertilization group is arranged, artificial insemination group, constantly two groups are mostly selected for freshwater mussel, fertilization, it cultivates, the various elite germplasms of offspring freshwater mussel itself are effectively improved in mostly generation screening is cultivated, relatively large pearl is more easily generated by the pearl culturing clam that the inoculation of implant pearl obtains simultaneously and improves pearl roundness degree, and effectively enhance the pearl matter secretion capacity of hydriopsis cumingii, it being commissioned to train after educating two groups of experiments more, pass through the comparative analysis of the yield of fresh water pearl, from And effectively select the high yield freshwater mussel kind of fresh water pearl.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to freshwater mussel kind breeding fields, select more specifically to a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind based on fresh water pearl
Educate method.
Background technique
Pearl is a kind of ancient organic gemstone, is increasingly liked in recent years by people.According to statistics, the whole world at present
Most of fresh water pearl is to China is originated from, and China has become the maximum fresh water pearl producing country in the whole world, and fresh water pearl is main
From hydriopsis cumingii, it be the calcium carbonate secreted by hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane and pearl sac and organic substrate by a certain percentage
The crystallization that calcification is formed.
In the latest 20 years, the rapid development of fresh water pearl freshwater mussel cultivation and cultured output increase substantially, in many places
Largely by increasing input and expand cultivation scale to realize, and lack high yield, high-quality, high-output stress-resistance excellent
Non-defective unit kind is still obvious；The germplasm degradation phenomena of fresh water pearl freshwater mussel is more serious, and part cultivates type individual and becomes smaller, sex premature,
The defects of premunition is poor and seriously hinder pearl high yield quantify production, existing fresh water pearl freshwater mussel cultivation breeding be mostly male and female
The natural fertilization of freshwater mussel, some farms often use artificial insemination to improve rate of fertilization and shorten fertilization time, but can not know
The production pearl amount for knowing the educated offspring of which kind of mode of reproduction is bigger.
For this purpose, it is proposed that a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, by comparing natural fertilization, people
The production pearl amount of the pearl culturing clam of the educated offspring of work fertilization, passes through the freshwater mussel kind of the effective breeding pearl high yield of comparative analysis.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yields based on fresh water pearl
Freshwater mussel kind selection, by the way that natural fertilization group, artificial insemination group is arranged, constantly to two groups mostly selected for freshwater mussel, be fertilized, train
It educates, effectively improves the various elite germplasms of offspring freshwater mussel itself in mostly generation screening is cultivated, while obtaining by the inoculation of implant pearl
The pearl culturing clam obtained is more easily generated relatively large pearl and improves pearl roundness degree, and effectively enhances the pearl matter point of hydriopsis cumingii
Ability is secreted, is commissioned to train after educating two groups of experiments, by the comparative analysis of the yield of fresh water pearl, to effectively select fresh water pearl more
High yield freshwater mussel kind.
2. technical solution
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
A kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: generation parent freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, best freshwater mussel age is selected, the male and female freshwater mussel of constitution is female male parent, male and female
Parent is more than 300 right, is marked respectively on the clam shell for the female male parent picked out, and the female male parent after label is distinguished phase
Between singly keep hanging in the extraneous culture pond equipped with fresh water；
Step 2: the fertilization of generation parent freshwater mussel, fertilization is divided into natural fertilization and artificial insemination, picks out two groups of sexual glands maturations
Female male parent completes the natural fertilization and artificial insemination of female male parent respectively as natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, fertilization
Ovum develops into hook Jie larva in the outer gill cavity of female freshwater mussel, and inorganic salts and algae food are periodically launched in cultivating process；
Step 3: manually post seedling, preferably more than 200 hook Jie larva is only had in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
The female freshwater mussel to reach maturity, which is respectively put into, collects seedling in basin, marks, and water in basin of collecting seedling, which just floods clam shell, to be advisable, a cotton-wool round and round
Hook Jie larva of shape gill cavity outside female freshwater mussel is discharged, this process, which launches host symptoms into basin of collecting seedling, has hook for parasitism after completion is collected seedling
The host symptoms of Jie larva be dispersed in multiple hanging culture casees disperse it is dilute support, and mark；
Step 4: filial generation freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, preferably more than 500 are distinguished in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
Bivalve is opened a business, and strong, individual is big, the glossiness young freshwater mussel of the thick and solid band of clam shell is used as filial generation freshwater mussel, and two groups of more than 500 filial generation freshwater mussels are divided
Yang Zhi not be in independent net cage A and net cage B, and mark；
Step 5: implant pearl is inoculated with, select that the speed of growth is fast, clam shell respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group
Wider filial generation freshwater mussel more than 400 carries out planting pearl operation respectively, obtains inoculation freshwater mussel to left and right；
Step 6: pearl culturing clam is selected, more than 200 are selected respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group to wound healing
Fastly, freshwater mussel weight, which is greater than, averagely weighs 20% or more inoculation freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam with batch inoculation freshwater mussel；
Step 7: the cultivation of pearl culturing clam, by picked out in step 6 two groups of pearl culturing clams be respectively placed in multiple net cage C,
Hanging culture is carried out in net cage D, hanging culture after a certain period of time, compares the production pearl of natural fertilization group and two groups of artificial insemination group of pearl culturing clam
Amount, and the big pearl culturing clam of pearl amount is preferably produced respectively as two generation parent freshwater mussels in two groups of pearl culturing clams；
Step 8: continuing the cultivation of two generation parent freshwater mussels in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, selecting, match acquisition
Two generations sub- freshwater mussel, the nursery of two generations sub- freshwater mussel are selected and continue to plant pearl, finally by the control of two groups of realizations, compare, select
The high yield freshwater mussel kind of fresh water pearl.
Further, the freshwater mussel age of generation parent freshwater mussel is 5-8 age in the step 1, and excellent constitution shows as clam shell coloured light, shell
Matter is thick and solid, nacre color is beautiful, the outer gill lamella is completely strong without wound, closed shell power.
Further, the freshwater mussel age of generation parent freshwater mussel is 5-8 age in the step 1, and excellent constitution shows as clam shell coloured light, shell
Matter is thick and solid, nacre color is beautiful, the outer gill lamella is completely strong without wound, closed shell power.
Further, it is 7-8 that the substrate silt of culture pond, which is controlled in 10-15cm, control fresh water PH, in the step 1, and
Cultivation temperature control is between 15-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount lower bound is about 3-4 mg/litre.
Further, the gonad of the female male parent in the step 2 is full, mature, and the gonad of female freshwater mussel is turned by yellow
It is turned into orange colour.
Further, the artificial insemination in the step 2 carries out artificial induced spawning, male freshwater mussel by injecting ocyodinic to male freshwater mussel
Secrete sperm, the fertilization for female freshwater mussel.
Further, water storage box is arranged in the side for basin of collecting seedling using running water flow method in the basin of collecting seedling in the step 3,
The top side of the water storage box is equipped with the circulating pump being connected with inside it, and the water outlet of the circulating pump passes through water inlet pipe
It is connected with inside basin of collecting seedling, the basin of collecting seedling offers water outlet far from bottom in one end of water inlet pipe, the water outlet
Exhalant canal is fixedly installed at apical position, the bottom end of the exhalant canal is connected by outlet pipe with water storage box, and is gone out
Filter membrane is installed, host symptoms can be selected based on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bighead, grass carp, carp and crucian inside aquaporin.
Further, 1-2 is selected in step 5 to carry out planting pearl inoculation for filial generation freshwater mussel.
Further, implant pearl step in the step 5 are as follows: son is removed in the cooperation for cuing open freshwater mussel knife, tweezers, blade first
For the marginal membrane exocuticle of freshwater mussel, then with the color edge of slicer margins of excision film exocuticle, neat both sides are repaired, side length 0.4- is cut into
The small pieces of 0.6cm, finally with opener, gently intron struts shell, by small pieces implanted device for freshwater mussel between two shells of freshwater mussel
In outer embrane.
Further, it is 0.1% aureomycin hydrochloride solution that the small on piece drop, which has concentration,.
Further, suitable wound reparation is marked in the breeding water body in the net cage C and net cage D in the step 7
Agent and nutrient salts calcium salt, choline chloride.
3. beneficial effect
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that
(1) this programme is by setting natural fertilization group, artificial insemination group, constantly to two groups mostly selected for freshwater mussel, by
Essence is cultivated, and effectively improves the various elite germplasms of offspring freshwater mussel itself in mostly generation screening is cultivated, it is high to effectively improve offspring freshwater mussel
It produces, high-quality, anti-adversity ability, while relatively large pearl and raising is more easily generated by the pearl culturing clam that the inoculation of implant pearl obtains
Pearl roundness degree, and the pearl matter secretion capacity of hydriopsis cumingii is effectively enhanced, it is commissioned to train after educating two groups of experiments more, passes through fresh water pearl
Yield comparative analysis, to effectively select the high yield freshwater mussel kind of fresh water pearl.
(2) the freshwater mussel age of generation parent freshwater mussel is 5-8 age in step 1, and excellent constitution shows as that clam shell coloured light, chitin be thick and solid, pearl
Layer color is beautiful, the outer gill lamella is completely strong without wound, closed shell power, and the elite germplasm of close freshwater mussel can be hereditary to son to maximum likelihood
Freshwater mussel obtains the offspring of elite germplasm by continuous screening by hybridization.
(3) the substrate silt of culture pond is controlled in 10-15cm in step 1, and substrate silt is conducive to the migration of freshwater mussel, calmly
Be conducive to the water-bed existence of freshwater mussel, control fresh water PH is 7-8, and the water quality of neutral slightly biased alkali is suitble to the existence of freshwater mussel, and cultivates temperature control
System is between 15-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount lower bound is about 3-4 mg/litre.
(4) gonad of the female male parent in step 2 is full, mature, and the gonad of female freshwater mussel is transformed into orange by yellow
Color selects the female male parent of sexual gland maturation, is conducive to the synchronization of female male parent development, effectively improves the fertilization pairing of female male parent
Effect.
(4) artificial insemination in step 2 carries out artificial induced spawning by injecting ocyodinic to male freshwater mussel, and male freshwater mussel secretes sperm, uses
In the fertilization of female freshwater mussel, this process is not necessarily to cut open female freshwater mussel to obtain sperm, easy to operate.
(6) water storage box, the water storage box is arranged in the side for basin of collecting seedling using running water flow method in the basin of collecting seedling in step 3
Top side the circulating pump being connected with inside it is installed, the water outlet of the circulating pump by water inlet pipe and is collected seedling in basin
Portion is connected, and the basin of collecting seedling offers water outlet far from bottom in one end of water inlet pipe, at the apical position of the water outlet
It is fixedly installed with exhalant canal, the bottom end of the exhalant canal is connected by outlet pipe with water storage box, and inside exhalant canal
Filter membrane is installed, is flowed by running water, is conducive on the quick parasitism to host symptoms of hook Jie larva to a certain extent, host symptoms
It can be selected based on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bighead, grass carp, carp and crucian, the host symptoms of selection require to have a sweet temper, and activity is slow, from
And hook Jie larva could be made to be not easy to fall off from host symptoms, survival rate is entrusted one's child to the care of sb. in raising.
(7) it selects 1-2 in step 5 to carry out planting pearl inoculation for filial generation freshwater mussel, the freshwater mussel body in 1-2 age is long up to 50-100mm, is educated
Pearl growth speed is also very fast.
(8) implant pearl step in step 5 are as follows: the edge of filial generation freshwater mussel is removed in the cooperation for cuing open freshwater mussel knife, tweezers, blade first
Film exocuticle, then with the color edge of slicer margins of excision film exocuticle, repair neat both sides, be cut into the small of side length 0.4-0.6cm
Piece, finally with opener, gently intron struts shell between two shells of freshwater mussel, by small pieces implanted device in the outer embrane of freshwater mussel,
Using implant pearl technology, high survival rate, freshwater mussel body neat specification, yield is big.
(9) it is 0.1% aureomycin hydrochloride solution that small on piece drop, which has concentration, is conducive to wound disinfection.
(10) suitable wound restoration agent and nutrition are marked in the breeding water body in the net cage C and net cage D in step 7
Salt calcium salt, choline chloride, wound restoration agent effectively inhibit the growth of the microorganisms such as bacterium in environment, reduce mouthfeel due to wound
Dye causes dead probability, accelerates the healing for promoting wound, avoids wound infection, effectively improves the formation speed of pearl sac
The formation quality of degree and pearl, and the nutrient salts calcium salt being added is the most desirable salt of pearl culturing clam.Addition choline chloride can mention
High shell substrate thickness.Improve out pearl probability, the main component of clam shell is calcium carbonate, the growth of pearl culturing clam and the synthesis of pearl according to
Rely the absorption in calcium, choline chloride.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the positive structure schematic at basin of collecting seedling of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention；Technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description；Obviously；Described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention；Instead of all the embodiments, it is based on
Embodiment in the present invention；It is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment；It shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the instruction such as term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside" " top/bottom end "
Orientation or positional relationship be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description the present invention and simplification retouch
It states, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation,
Therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, and cannot understand
For indication or suggestion relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation " " is set
Be equipped with ", " be arranged/connect ", " connection " etc., shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be a fixed connection, be also possible to removable
Connection is unloaded, or is integrally connected；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, it can also be in
Between medium be indirectly connected, can be the connection inside two elements.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can be specific
Situation understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: generation parent freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, best freshwater mussel age is selected, the male and female freshwater mussel of constitution is female male parent, male and female
Parent is more than 300 right, is marked respectively on the clam shell for the female male parent picked out, and the female male parent after label is distinguished phase
Between singly keep hanging in the extraneous culture pond equipped with fresh water, female male parent separates hanging culture, effectively avoids in prefecundation female male parent
Natural fertilization, and generation parent freshwater mussel selects freshwater mussel age for 5-8 age, excellent constitution show as that clam shell coloured light, chitin be thick and solid, nacre color
Beautiful, the outer gill lamella is completely strong without wound, closed shell power, and the elite germplasm of close freshwater mussel can be hereditary to sub- freshwater mussel to maximum likelihood, passes through
Continuous screening by hybridization obtains the offspring of elite germplasm；
Simultaneously in order to provide female male parent better nurturing an environment, the substrate silt of culture pond is controlled in 10-15cm, substrate
Silt is conducive to the migration of freshwater mussel, is conducive to the water-bed existence of freshwater mussel calmly, and control fresh water PH is 7-8, and the water quality of neutral slightly biased alkali is suitable
The existence of freshwater mussel is closed, and cultivation temperature control is between 15-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount lower bound is about 3-4 mg/litre；
Step 2: the fertilization of generation parent freshwater mussel, fertilization is divided into natural fertilization and artificial insemination, and check analysis is arranged, picks out
The female male parent of two groups of sexual gland maturations respectively as natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, complete female male parent natural fertilization and
Artificial insemination, the gonad of female male parent is full, mature, and the gonad of female freshwater mussel is transformed into orange colour by yellow, selects sexual gland
Mature female male parent is conducive to the synchronization of female male parent development, effectively improves the fertilization pairing effect of female male parent, fertilized eggs
Hook Jie larva is developed into the outer gill cavity of female freshwater mussel, inorganic salts and algae food are periodically launched in cultivating process, is supplied nutrients；
You need to add is that, artificial insemination process carries out artificial induced spawning, male freshwater mussel point by injecting ocyodinic to male freshwater mussel herein
Sperm is secreted, for the fertilization of female freshwater mussel, this process is not necessarily to cut open female freshwater mussel to obtain gonopoiesis object, easy to operate.
Step 3: manually post seedling, preferably more than 200 hook Jie larva is only had in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
The female freshwater mussel to reach maturity, which is respectively put into, collects seedling in basin, marks, and water in basin of collecting seedling, which just floods clam shell, to be advisable, a cotton-wool round and round
Hook Jie larva of shape gill cavity outside female freshwater mussel is discharged, this process, which launches host symptoms into basin of collecting seedling, has hook for parasitism after completion is collected seedling
The host symptoms of Jie larva be dispersed in multiple hanging culture casees disperse it is dilute support, and mark.
Referring to Fig. 2, you need to add is that, basin of collecting seedling uses running water flow method herein, it is arranged in the side for basin of collecting seedling and stores
Water tank, the top side of water storage box are equipped with the circulating pump being connected with inside it, the water outlet of circulating pump by water inlet pipe with
It collects seedling and is connected inside basin, basin of collecting seedling offers water outlet far from bottom in one end of water inlet pipe, at the apical position of water outlet
It is fixedly installed with exhalant canal, the bottom end of exhalant canal is connected by outlet pipe with water storage box, and installation inside exhalant canal
There is filter membrane, the effect of filter membrane is effectively played barrier action to hook Jie larva of discharge, flowed by running water, to a certain degree
On to be conducive to hook Jie larva quickly parasitic on host symptoms, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bighead, grass carp, carp and crucian carp can be selected in host symptoms
Based on fish, the host symptoms of selection require to have a sweet temper, and activity is slow, so that hook Jie larva could be made to be not easy to take off from host symptoms
It falls, survival rate is entrusted one's child to the care of sb. in raising；
Step 4: filial generation freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, preferably more than 500 are distinguished in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
Bivalve is opened a business, and strong, individual is big, the glossiness young freshwater mussel of the thick and solid band of clam shell is used as filial generation freshwater mussel, and two groups of more than 500 filial generation freshwater mussels are divided
Yang Zhi not be in independent net cage A and net cage B, and mark；
Step 5: implant pearl is inoculated with, select that the speed of growth is fast, clam shell respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group
Wider filial generation freshwater mussel more than 400 carries out planting pearl operation respectively, obtains inoculation freshwater mussel, select 1-2 in the process for filial generation freshwater mussel to left and right
It carries out planting pearl inoculation, the freshwater mussel body in 1-2 age is long up to 50-100mm, and educated pearl growth speed is also very fast, implant pearl step are as follows:
The marginal membrane exocuticle of filial generation freshwater mussel is removed in the cooperation for cuing open freshwater mussel knife, tweezers, blade first, then with slicer margins of excision film exocuticle
Color edge, repair neat both sides, be cut into the small pieces of side length 0.4-0.6cm, it is 0.1% aureomycin hydrochloride that small on piece drop, which has concentration,
Solution, finally with opener, gently intron struts shell, by small pieces implanted device for the outer embrane of freshwater mussel between two shells of freshwater mussel
In；
Step 6: pearl culturing clam is selected, more than 200 are selected respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group to wound healing
Fastly, freshwater mussel weight, which is greater than, averagely weighs 20% or more inoculation freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam with batch inoculation freshwater mussel；
Step 7: the cultivation of pearl culturing clam, by picked out in step 6 two groups of pearl culturing clams be respectively placed in multiple net cage C,
Hanging culture is carried out in net cage D, hanging culture after a certain period of time, compares the production pearl of natural fertilization group and two groups of artificial insemination group of pearl culturing clam
Amount preferably produces the big pearl culturing clam of pearl amount as two generation parent freshwater mussels by check analysis respectively in two groups of pearl culturing clams；
Step 8: continuing the cultivation of two generation parent freshwater mussels in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, selecting, match acquisition
Two generations sub- freshwater mussel, the nursery of two generations sub- freshwater mussel are selected and continue to plant pearl, finally by the control of two groups of realizations, compare, select
The high yield freshwater mussel kind of fresh water pearl.
The present invention by setting natural fertilization group, artificial insemination group, constantly to two groups mostly selected for freshwater mussel, be fertilized,
It cultivates, effectively improves the various elite germplasms of offspring freshwater mussel itself in mostly generation screening is cultivated, effectively improve offspring freshwater mussel high yield, excellent
Matter, anti-adversity ability, while relatively large pearl is more easily generated by the pearl culturing clam that the inoculation of implant pearl obtains and improves pearl
Roundness degree, and the pearl matter secretion capacity of hydriopsis cumingii is effectively enhanced, it is commissioned to train after educating two groups of experiments more, passes through the production of fresh water pearl
The comparative analysis of amount, to effectively select the high yield freshwater mussel kind of fresh water pearl.
It is described above；It is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention；But scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto；
Anyone skilled in the art is in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention；According to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
It improves design and is subject to equivalent substitution or change；It should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1: generation parent freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, best freshwater mussel age is selected, the male and female freshwater mussel of constitution is female male parent, female male parent
It is right for more than 300, it is marked respectively on the clam shell for the female male parent picked out, the female male parent after label is distinguished into alternate list
It keeps hanging in the extraneous culture pond equipped with fresh water；
Step 2: the fertilization of generation parent freshwater mussel, fertilization is divided into natural fertilization and artificial insemination, picks out the male and female of two groups of sexual gland maturations
Parent completes the natural fertilization and artificial insemination of female male parent respectively as natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, and fertilized eggs exist
The outer gill cavity of female freshwater mussel develops into hook Jie larva, and inorganic salts and algae food are periodically launched in cultivating process；
Step 3: manually post seedling, preferably more than 200 hook Jie larvae development is only had in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
Mature female freshwater mussel, which is respectively put into, collects seedling in basin, marks, water in basin of collecting seedling, which just floods clam shell, to be advisable, a flocculence round and round
Hook Jie larva gill cavity outside female freshwater mussel is discharged, this process launches host symptoms into basin of collecting seedling, and after completion is collected seedling, has hook to be situated between parasitism young
The host symptoms of worm be dispersed in multiple hanging culture casees disperse it is dilute support, and mark；
Step 4: filial generation freshwater mussel selecting and cultivating, it is only double that preferably more than 500 are distinguished in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group respectively
Shell is opened a business, and strong, individual is big, the glossiness young freshwater mussel of the thick and solid band of clam shell is as filial generation freshwater mussel, and two groups of more than 500 filial generation freshwater mussels are supported respectively
It grows in independent net cage A and net cage B, and marks；
Step 5: implant pearl is inoculated with, select that the speed of growth is fast, clam shell is wider respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group
Filial generation freshwater mussel more than 400 to left and right, carry out respectively plant pearl operation, obtain inoculation freshwater mussel；
Step 6: pearl culturing clam is selected, selected respectively in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group it is more than 200 fast to wound healing,
Freshwater mussel weight, which is greater than, averagely weighs 20% or more inoculation freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam with batch inoculation freshwater mussel；
Step 7: picked out in step 6 two groups of pearl culturing clams are respectively placed in multiple net cage C, net cage D by the cultivation of pearl culturing clam
Middle carry out hanging culture, hanging culture after a certain period of time, compare the production pearl amount of natural fertilization group and two groups of artificial insemination group of pearl culturing clam, and
The big pearl culturing clam of pearl amount is preferably produced in two groups of pearl culturing clams respectively as two generation parent freshwater mussels；
Step 8: continuing the cultivation of two generation parent freshwater mussels in natural fertilization group and artificial insemination group, selecting, match two generations of acquisition
Sub- freshwater mussel, the nursery of two generations sub- freshwater mussel are selected and continue to plant pearl, finally by the control of two groups of realizations, compare, select fresh water
The high yield freshwater mussel kind of pearl.
2. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The freshwater mussel age of generation parent freshwater mussel is 5-8 age in step 1, and excellent constitution shows as that clam shell coloured light, chitin be thick and solid, nacre color is honorable
Beautiful, the outer gill lamella is completely strong without wound, closed shell power.
3. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The substrate silt control of culture pond is 7-8 in 10-15cm, control fresh water PH in step 1, and cultivates temperature control at 15-25 DEG C
Between, dissolved oxygen amount lower bound be about 3-4 mg/litre.
4. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The gonad of female male parent in step 2 is full, mature, and the gonad of female freshwater mussel is transformed into orange colour by yellow.
5. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
Artificial insemination in step 2 carries out artificial induced spawning by injecting ocyodinic to male freshwater mussel, male freshwater mussel secretes sperm, for female freshwater mussel by
Essence.
6. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
Water storage box, the top side of the water storage box is arranged in the side for basin of collecting seedling using running water flow method in basin of collecting seedling in step 3
The circulating pump being connected with inside it is installed, the water outlet of the circulating pump passes through to be connected inside water inlet pipe and basin of collecting seedling,
The basin of collecting seedling offers water outlet far from bottom in one end of water inlet pipe, is fixedly installed at the apical position of the water outlet
The bottom end of exhalant canal, the exhalant canal is connected by outlet pipe with water storage box, and filtering is equipped with inside exhalant canal
Film, host symptoms can be selected based on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, bighead, grass carp, carp and crucian.
7. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
1-2 is selected in step 5 to carry out planting pearl inoculation for filial generation freshwater mussel.
8. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Implant pearl step in step 5 are as follows: the marginal membrane exocuticle of filial generation freshwater mussel is removed in the cooperation for cuing open freshwater mussel knife, tweezers, blade first, then
With the color edge of slicer margins of excision film exocuticle, neat both sides are repaired, are cut into the small pieces of side length 0.4-0.6cm, finally with opening
Gently intron struts shell, by small pieces implanted device in the outer embrane of freshwater mussel to mouthpart between two shells of freshwater mussel.
9. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described
It is 0.1% aureomycin hydrochloride solution that small on piece drop, which has concentration,.
10. a kind of high yield freshwater mussel kind selection based on fresh water pearl according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State be marked in the breeding water body in net cage C and net cage D in step 7 suitable wound restoration agent and nutrient salts calcium salt,
Choline chloride.
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