CN110275060B - Radio frequency power relative stability testing circuit and method for quantum precision magnetic detection - Google Patents
Radio frequency power relative stability testing circuit and method for quantum precision magnetic detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a radio frequency power relative stability test circuit and a radio frequency power relative stability test method for quantum precision magnetic detection, which are used for collecting a power measurement value of a radio frequency signal to be tested in real time and representing the relative stability of time domain output power by adopting Allen variance; collecting temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data of the environment where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located in real time, and quantifying and evaluating the stability of test instrument equipment and unstable factors influenced by the environment; removing the quantitative value of the unstable factor from the characterization result obtained through the test data of the radio frequency signal to be tested to obtain a more effective test evaluation result; the method solves the problem of testing the random continuous change trend of the radio frequency power in a specific sampling time, realizes effective characterization and evaluation of the radio frequency power relative stability index which is superior to 0.1 percent or even higher, and meets the actual requirements of technical application.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of microwave testing, in particular to a circuit and a method for testing relative stability of radio frequency power of quantum precision magnetic detection and a radio frequency signal generating device.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the rapid development of new generation information technology and equipment application, the effective evaluation requirement of the laser pumping helium atom magnetometer for quantum precise magnetic detection on the core technical index of the relative stability of the radio frequency power of the internal core radio frequency excitation unit is continuously improved. The relative stability of the radio frequency power is a key technical index characteristic for representing the signal transmission characteristic. In the application occasions where a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer used for quantum precision magnetic detection needs a high-stability radio frequency excitation signal, how to effectively evaluate the relative stability index of radio frequency power which is better than 0.1 percent becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently. Since the final performance of the laser-pumped helium atom magnetometer for quantum precision magnetic detection has a direct and crucial strong correlation with the relative stability of the radio frequency power of the internal core radio frequency excitation unit (i.e., the random fluctuation degree or variation trend of the radio frequency power in a specific sampling time caused by internal noise, etc.), indexes of order better than 0.1% or even higher need to be effectively characterized and evaluated to meet the actual requirements of technical applications.
The inventor of the present disclosure finds that, in the aspect of characterization of radio frequency power, a microwave power meter is generally used to measure power accuracy and in-band flatness, and in terms of stability characteristics of radio frequency power, a microwave power meter is mainly used to measure, collect and obtain a plurality of radio frequency signal power values at the same frequency point and at the same power level state, and characterization is performed by a range method (peak-to-peak value), and this method cannot eliminate the influence of coarse error introduction in the measurement result, and the discreteness represented by the measurement result cannot achieve required effective evaluation on the continuous change trend of radio frequency power within a specific sampling time; or based on the measurement and acquisition of the microwave power meter, the power values of a plurality of radio frequency signals under the state of the same frequency point and the same power level are obtained and are calculated by a formula
The method improves and reduces the adverse effect of coarse error introduction in the measurement result, but the method reflects and reflects the discrete change between the measurement result and the average value rather than the continuous change trend of the radio frequency power in a specific sampling time, so that the required effective evaluation cannot be realized. Thus, the present application to quantum mapping or characterization isThe final performance of the laser pumping helium atomic magnetometer for precise magnetic detection has certain limitation, and the application capability characteristics of technical indexes cannot be well reflected and the technical requirements of practical application cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a circuit and a method for testing the relative stability of radio frequency power of quantum precision magnetic detection, which solve the problem of testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power with strong correlation with the final performance of a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer for quantum precision magnetic detection, namely the problem of testing the random continuous change trend of the radio frequency power in specific sampling time, realize effective representation and evaluation of the relative stability index of the radio frequency power with the magnitude of more than 0.1 percent or even higher, and meet the actual requirements of technical application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
in the first aspect, a radio frequency power relative stability test circuit for quantum precision magnetic detection;
a radio frequency power relative stability test circuit for quantum precision magnetic detection comprises a radio frequency excitation unit to be detected, a directional coupler, a two-channel microwave power meter, a first thermocouple power probe and a terminal controller, wherein the radio frequency excitation unit to be detected sends out a radio frequency signal to be detected and sends the radio frequency signal to the directional coupler, the directional coupler divides the radio frequency signal to be detected into two paths, one path of the signal acts on a load through an attenuator, and the other path of the signal is connected with the two-channel microwave power meter through the first thermocouple power probe and is used for realizing power detection and data acquisition of the radio frequency signal to be detected; and the terminal controller is in communication connection with the two-channel microwave power meter and is used for representing the relative stability of the time domain output power of the radio-frequency signal to be detected according to the data acquired by the first thermocouple power probe and the two-channel microwave power meter.
As some possible implementation manners, the microwave power meter further comprises a second thermocouple power probe, wherein one end of the second thermocouple power probe is connected with the calibration source port of the dual-channel microwave power meter, and the other end of the second thermocouple power probe is connected with the power test port of the dual-channel microwave power meter, and is used for synchronously performing power level test on the calibration source signal.
As possible implementation manners, the system further comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the temperature and humidity sensor is in communication connection with the terminal controller and is used for testing temperature and humidity data of areas where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, the directional coupler, the two-channel microwave power meter, the first thermocouple power probe and the second thermocouple power probe are located and transmitting the temperature and humidity data to the terminal controller in real time.
As some possible implementation manners, the terminal controller is in communication connection with the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, and is used for monitoring the real-time working state of the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for testing relative stability of radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection, comprising the following steps:
acquiring a power measurement value of a radio frequency signal to be measured in real time, and representing the relative stability of time domain output power by adopting the Allan variance;
collecting temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data of the environment where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located in real time, and quantifying and evaluating the stability of test instrument equipment and unstable factors influenced by the environment;
and removing the quantitative value of the unstable factor from the characterization result obtained through the test data of the radio frequency signal to be tested to obtain a more effective test evaluation result.
As some possible implementations, the allen variance is:
wherein τ is the performance evaluation sampling time required for the final application; x is the number ofi+1、xiThe actual measurement value of the relative average power deviation in two adjacent sampling time periods is taken; m is the number of measurement sets, one set is obtained by sampling and measuring every two times, and a difference value is obtained without gaps between the two measurements.
As some possible implementation manners, the temperature and humidity signals of the environment where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located and the calibration source test data are collected in real time, time sequence synchronization is carried out with the test process, and a multi-dimensional data mapping relation of the radio frequency signal test data to be tested, the calibration source test data, the time and the environment state is established.
As possible realization modes, a directional coupler is adopted to divide signals into two paths, and the coupling degree of the directional coupler is selected and configured according to the power level state of the radio frequency signal to be detected, so that the power level of the signal reaching the thermocouple power probe is close to 0 dBm.
As some possible implementation manners, a dual-channel microwave power meter is adopted to perform power test on the radio-frequency signal to be tested, a thermocouple power probe is connected to a calibration source port, and power level test on the calibration source signal is performed synchronously, wherein the standard value of the power level of the calibration source signal is 0 dBm.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a radio frequency signal generating apparatus, the signal generating apparatus is integrated and applied to a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer, and the signal generating apparatus includes the radio frequency power relative stability testing circuit of the present disclosure.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a radio frequency signal generating device, the signal generating device is integrated and applied to a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer, and the signal generating device utilizes the radio frequency power relative stability testing method of the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
by adopting the circuit or the method provided by the disclosure, the relative stability test and the effective evaluation of the radio frequency power of the laser pumping helium atom magnetometer applicable to quantum precision magnetic detection can be realized, the continuous change trend of the radio frequency power in a specific sampling time is reflected and reflected, and particularly, the application scene of effectively representing and evaluating indexes with the magnitude of more than 0.1 percent and even higher is realized.
By adopting the circuit or the method provided by the disclosure, uncertain factors introduced by each link can be effectively reduced based on the existing test instrument conditions, meanwhile, the self stability of the test instrument and unstable factors influenced by the environment are quantified and evaluated, and then the final test result is removed, so that the effective representation and evaluation of relative stability indexes of radio frequency power with magnitude higher than 0.1% or even higher can be met, and the actual requirements of technical application can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for measuring relative stability of radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for testing relative stability of radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection according to embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a circuit for testing relative stability of radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection, including a radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, a directional coupler, a dual-channel microwave power meter, a first thermocouple power probe, and a terminal controller, where the terminal controller is preferably a main control computer carrying measurement and control and data processing software; the main control computer is a control and analysis processing center of the whole test circuit, under the control of the cooperative integration of the main control computer and the analysis processing center, the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested sends out a radio frequency signal to be tested and sends the radio frequency signal to the directional coupler, the directional coupler divides the radio frequency signal to be tested into two paths, one path of the radio frequency signal is used for realizing the good matching and absorption of the signal by acting an attenuator on a load, and the other path of the radio frequency signal is connected with the dual-channel microwave power meter by the first thermocouple power probe and is used for realizing the power detection and the data acquisition of the radio frequency signal to be tested; and the terminal controller is in communication connection with the two-channel microwave power meter and is used for representing the relative stability of the time domain output power of the radio-frequency signal to be detected according to the data acquired by the first thermocouple power probe and the two-channel microwave power meter.
The directional coupler is adopted instead of the attenuator so as to eliminate the uncertain factors introduced by the temperature characteristic of the attenuator.
Still include second thermocouple power probe, second thermocouple power probe and first thermocouple power probe are the same type, the one end of second thermocouple power probe is connected with the calibration source port of binary channels microwave power meter, and the other end is connected with the power test port of binary channels microwave power meter for carry out the power level test of calibration source signal in step.
The radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, the directional coupler, the first thermocouple power probe, the second thermocouple power probe and the dual-channel microwave power meter are deployed in the same area; the temperature and humidity sensor is in communication connection with the terminal controller and used for testing temperature and humidity data of the area where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, the directional coupler, the two-channel microwave power meter, the first thermocouple power probe and the second thermocouple power probe are located and transmitting the temperature and humidity data to the terminal controller in real time.
The main control computer synchronously tests and acquires temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data of the area in the test process in real time, quantifies and evaluates instability factors influenced by the self stability of the test instrument and the environment, removes the quantification value of the instability factors from a characterization result obtained through the radio frequency signal test data to be tested, and obtains a more effective test evaluation result.
The terminal controller is also in communication connection with the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested and is used for monitoring the real-time working state of the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, in order to solve the problem of the relative stability of the radio frequency power, which has a strong correlation with the final performance of the laser-pumped helium atomic magnetometer for quantum precision magnetic detection, that is, the test problem of the random continuous variation trend of the radio frequency power in a specific sampling time, embodiment 2 of the present disclosure provides a method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power for quantum precision magnetic detection, which includes the following steps:
acquiring a power measurement value of a radio frequency signal to be measured in real time, and representing the relative stability of time domain output power by adopting the Allan variance; wherein the relative stability of the output power is a random fluctuation degree representing the average value of the output power in a certain sampling time;
because the relative stability index requirement of the radio frequency power to be tested and evaluated is very high and is close to the performance limit of a test instrument, in order to eliminate or reduce the unstable influence or introduced test uncertainty caused by environmental changes such as temperature, humidity and the like to the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested and the test instrument equipment such as a directional coupler, a thermocouple power probe, a dual-channel microwave power meter and the like, when the radio frequency power test is carried out on the radio frequency signal to be tested, a main control computer synchronously tests and acquires temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data in the test process in real time, and the stability of the test instrument equipment and the unstable factors influenced by the environment are quantized and evaluated;
removing the quantitative value of the unstable factor from the characterization result obtained through the test data of the radio frequency signal to be tested to obtain a more effective test evaluation result; the method can solve the problem of testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power with strong correlation with the final performance of the laser pumping helium atom magnetometer for quantum precise magnetic detection based on the conditions of the existing testing instrument, so as to realize effective representation and evaluation of the relative stability index of the radio frequency power with the magnitude of more than 0.1 percent or even more, and meet the actual requirements of technical application.
The Allan variance is as follows:
where τ is the performance evaluation sampling time required for the final application；xi+1、xiThe actual measurement value of the relative average power deviation in two adjacent sampling time periods is taken; m is the number of measurement sets, one set is obtained by sampling and measuring every two times, and a difference value is obtained without gaps between the two measurements.
The embodiment adopts a design realization of a relative stability test of the radio frequency power suitable for quantum precision magnetic detection based on a test and analysis mode of 'double thermocouple power probes, double-channel microwave power meters, directional couplers, a main control computer and Allen variance', not only effectively reduces uncertain factors introduced by each link, but also can reflect and embody the continuous change trend of the radio frequency power in specific sampling time, and meets the actual requirement of effectively representing and evaluating indexes with the magnitude of more than 0.1% and even higher to support technical application.
The method comprises the steps of collecting temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data of the environment where a radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located in real time, carrying out time sequence synchronization with a test process, and establishing a multi-dimensional data mapping relation of the radio frequency signal test data to be tested, the calibration source test data, time and environment states.
In the embodiment, through the multi-dimensional data mapping relation of 'radio frequency signal test data to be tested-calibration source test data-time-environment state' obtained based on the test working condition state and the real-time environment state monitoring function, the stability of the test instrument and unstable factors influenced by the environment can be quantified and evaluated, and then the factors are removed from the final test result, so that the requirement of solving the radio frequency power relative stability test problem with strong correlation with the final performance of the laser pumping helium atom magnetometer for quantum precise magnetic detection based on the existing test instrument is met, the effective representation and evaluation of the radio frequency power relative stability index with the magnitude of more than 0.1% or even higher is realized, and the actual requirement of technical application is met.
The signal is divided into two paths by adopting a directional coupler, and the coupling degree of the directional coupler is selected and configured according to the power level state of the radio frequency signal to be tested, so that the power level of the signal reaching the thermocouple power probe is close to 0dBm and is in the optimal test range of the dual-channel microwave power meter.
And performing power test on the radio-frequency signal to be tested by adopting a dual-channel microwave power meter, connecting a thermocouple power probe to a calibration source port, and synchronously performing power level test on the calibration source signal, wherein the standard value of the power level of the calibration source signal is 0 dBm.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the present disclosure provides a radio frequency signal generating device, which is integrated and applied to a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer, and the signal generating device includes the radio frequency power relative stability test circuit according to the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Example 4:
the embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides a radio frequency signal generating device, which is integrated and applied to a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer, and the signal generating device utilizes the radio frequency power relative stability testing method according to the embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A radio frequency power relative stability test circuit for quantum precision magnetic detection is characterized by comprising a radio frequency excitation unit to be detected, a directional coupler, a two-channel microwave power meter, a first thermocouple power probe, a second thermocouple power probe and a terminal controller, wherein the radio frequency excitation unit to be detected sends out a radio frequency signal to be detected and sends the radio frequency signal to the directional coupler, the directional coupler divides the radio frequency signal to be detected into two paths, one path of the radio frequency signal is used for acting on a load through an attenuator, and the other path of the radio frequency signal to be detected is connected with the two-channel microwave power meter through the first thermocouple power probe and is used for realizing power detection and data acquisition of the radio frequency signal to be detected; one end of the second thermocouple power probe is connected with a calibration source port of the dual-channel microwave power meter, and the other end of the second thermocouple power probe is connected with a power test port of the dual-channel microwave power meter, and is used for synchronously carrying out power level test on calibration source signals and sending the obtained calibration source test data to the terminal controller; and the terminal controller is in communication connection with the dual-channel microwave power meter and is used for representing the relative stability of the time domain output power of the radio-frequency signal to be detected according to the data acquired by the first thermocouple power probe, the second thermocouple power probe and the dual-channel microwave power meter.
2. The circuit for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power of quantum precision magnetic detection according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the temperature and humidity sensor is in communication connection with the terminal controller and is used for testing temperature and humidity data of areas where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested, the directional coupler, the two-channel microwave power meter, the first thermocouple power probe and the second thermocouple power probe are located and transmitting the temperature and humidity data to the terminal controller in real time.
3. The circuit for testing the relative stability of radio frequency power for quantum precision magnetic detection according to claim 1, wherein the first thermocouple power probe and the second thermocouple power probe are of the same type.
4. The circuit for testing the relative stability of radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal controller is in communication connection with the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested and is configured to monitor the real-time operating status of the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested.
5. The method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power of the quantum precision magnetic detection, which is realized by the circuit for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power of the quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a power measurement value of a radio frequency signal to be measured in real time, and representing the relative stability of time domain output power by adopting the Allan variance;
collecting temperature and humidity signals and calibration source test data of the environment where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located in real time, and quantifying and evaluating the stability of test instrument equipment and unstable factors influenced by the environment;
and removing the quantitative value of the unstable factor from the characterization result obtained through the test data of the radio frequency signal to be tested to obtain a more effective test evaluation result.
6. The method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power of quantum precision magnetic detection according to claim 5, wherein the Allan variance is:
wherein τ is the performance evaluation sampling time required for the final application; x is the number ofi+1、xiThe actual measurement value of the relative average power deviation in two adjacent sampling time periods is taken; m is the number of measurement sets, one set is obtained by sampling and measuring every two times, and a difference value is obtained without gaps between the two measurements.
7. The method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power in quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature and humidity signals of the environment where the radio frequency excitation unit to be tested is located and the calibration source test data are collected in real time and are subjected to time sequence synchronization with the test process, and a multi-dimensional data mapping relation of the radio frequency signal test data to be tested, the calibration source test data and the time-environment state is established.
8. The method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power for quantum precision magnetic detection as recited in claim 5, wherein the directional coupler is used to divide the signal into two paths, and the degree of coupling of the directional coupler is selected and configured according to the power level state of the radio frequency signal to be tested, so that the power level of the signal reaching the thermocouple power probe approaches 0 dBm.
9. The method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power of quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in claim 5, wherein a dual-channel microwave power meter is used for testing the power of the radio frequency signal to be tested, a thermocouple power probe is connected to a calibration source port, and the power level standard value of the calibration source signal is 0 dBm.
10. A radio frequency signal generating device, which is integrated in a laser-pumped helium atomic magnetometer and comprises a radio frequency power relative stability testing circuit for quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4;
or, the signal generating device is integrated and applied to a laser pumping helium atom magnetometer, and the method for testing the relative stability of the radio frequency power by using the quantum precision magnetic detection as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9 is used.
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