CN110274822B - Rock mass structural plane shear creep instrument - Google Patents
Rock mass structural plane shear creep instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN110274822B CN110274822B CN201910574175.6A CN201910574175A CN110274822B CN 110274822 B CN110274822 B CN 110274822B CN 201910574175 A CN201910574175 A CN 201910574175A CN 110274822 B CN110274822 B CN 110274822B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 slopes Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0071—Creep
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock mass structural plane shearing creep meter, which comprises a frame body, a shearing box, a vertical force application module, a horizontal force application module and a displacement measurement system, wherein the frame body comprises a creep experiment table, a first support frame, a second support frame and a fixed table, the shearing box comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are mutually communicated and can slide relatively, the vertical force application module comprises a jack, a pressure sensor and a pressure display unit, the horizontal force application module comprises a tension sensor, a tension display unit, a force application conducting rod, a direction conversion device, a spring and a spiral downward movement device, and the displacement measurement system comprises a micro displacement meter and a signal conversion output device, and has the following advantages: the device can simulate the creep characteristics of the rock mass structural plane under different working conditions; the crack fillers with different thicknesses and material compositions can be manufactured and used as creep observation objects, and creep curves are recorded, so that the creep model can be conveniently researched; the operation is simple and quick, the device can be repeatedly used for many times, and the experimental efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanical property tests, in particular to a shear creep meter for a rock mass structural surface.
Background
Structural planes are the lengthy history of rock mass formation and geological action in which geological interfaces are formed and developed continuously, and are considered discontinuous planes in continuous media mechanics theory. The indexes such as the distribution rule, development scale, physical and mechanical properties of the structural surface are related to the strength and stress state of the rock mass, and are related to various factors such as geological history, environment and the like formed by the structural surface, so that the structural surface has various distribution states and changeable physical and mechanical properties.
Structural surfaces (including faults, broken zones, mud layers, joints, cracks and the like) destroy the continuity and integrity of rock mass and form potential threats to long-term continuous stability of chamber surrounding rocks, slopes, rock bases and the like. In some engineering accidents, it has been found that the structural surface is not broken by a short-term sudden brittle failure, but by creep, stress relaxation over several years or even decades under long-term loading until the final failure. Many engineering practices have shown that instability of natural and engineered rock masses results from structural planes. Therefore, the study of the geometric characteristics and the mechanical characteristics of the structural surface is a basic premise for the evaluation of the stability of the engineering rock mass and the determination of the reinforcement treatment scheme. As one continues to learn about the structural face, one further believes that the primary factor of "progressive failure" in the rock mass is creep failure of the structural face, which sometimes plays a controlling role.
The study of rheological properties of rock structural planes has been the main subject of rock mechanics study. Because of certain difficulty in structural plane creep test, the research of structural creep characteristics is lack of systemization. Therefore, based on basic research of structural plane rheological properties, analysis of creep deformation properties, constitutive relation of creep, creep rupture process, mechanism and the like of the rock mass structural plane under the action of long-term load has important significance in establishing experimental evidence for mechanical theory of structural plane rheological properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a shear creep meter for a rock mass structural surface, which is realized by the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a rock mass structural plane shear creep appearance, includes support body, shearing case, vertical application of force module, horizontal application of force module and displacement measurement system, the support body includes creep experiment table, support frame one, support frame two and fixed station, the shearing case is including the last box and the lower box that communicate each other and can slide relatively, vertical application of force module includes jack, pressure sensor and pressure display element, horizontal application of force module includes tension sensor, tension display element, application of force conducting rod, direction conversion device, spring and spiral device that moves down, displacement measurement system includes little displacement measurement meter and signal conversion output device.
Further, support frame one and support frame two symmetry welding are in creep test bench's upper surface left and right sides, and support frame one's upper portion rigid coupling has first displacement sensor interface, and support frame two's upper portion rigid coupling has the fixed slot, the fixed station includes steel column, counter-force seat and slip objective table, the steel column rectangle is arranged on the creep test bench between support frame one and support frame two, the bottom and the creep test bench welding of steel column are integrated into one piece structure, counter-force seat rigid coupling is at the top of steel column, the slip objective table is equipped with two, and the welding of each slip objective table's four corners department has the steel loop, each steel loop respectively with a steel column sliding connection.
Further, the left side of going up the box has welded the second displacement sensor interface, and the right side of going up the box has welded first tension sensor interface, and first displacement sensor interface, second displacement sensor interface, first tension sensor interface and fixed slot's axis collineation, the left and right sides bottom of lower box symmetry rigid coupling respectively has fixed steel sheet, and fixed steel sheet passes through the screw rigid coupling with the top the upper surface of slip objective table.
Further, the base of jack and creep experiment table's upper surface rigid coupling, pressure sensor rigid coupling is in the below the upper surface of sliding objective table, pressure display element rigid coupling is at the upper surface of counter-force seat, and pressure sensor passes through the signal line with pressure display element and is connected.
Further, the direction conversion device comprises a fixed pulley and a steel rope, the fixed pulley is rotationally connected to the outer wall of a second support frame through a fixed support, the steel rope is guided through the fixed pulley, the force application transmission rod is slidably connected in a fixed groove, the right end of the force application transmission rod is fixedly connected with the left end of the steel rope horizontal part, the left end of the tension sensor is connected with a first tension sensor interface, the right end of the tension sensor is connected with a second tension sensor interface, a tension display unit is connected between the second tension sensor interface and the force application transmission rod, the tension display unit is connected with the tension sensor through a signal wire, the spiral downward moving device comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is fixedly connected to the upper surface of a creep experiment table, a through hole is formed in the center of the fixed part, the movable part is sleeved with the fixed part and is in threaded connection, the center of the lower surface of a top plate of the movable part is fixedly connected with an electric screw shaft, the bottom of the electric screw shaft extends below the lower surface of the creep experiment table and is driven by a motor, a driving motor of the electric screw shaft is connected with a computer through a data wire, the bottom of the spring is connected with the top of the movable part through a hook, and the vertical bottom of the spring is connected with the steel rope through the hook.
Further, the micro displacement meter is connected between the first displacement sensor interface and the second displacement sensor interface, one end of the signal output conversion device is connected with the micro displacement meter, and the other end of the signal output conversion device is connected with the PC end to measure a creep displacement-time curve.
The invention discloses a shear creep meter for a rock mass structural plane, which has the following advantages:
1. the device can simulate the creep characteristics of the rock mass structural plane under different working conditions;
2. the crack fillers with different thicknesses and material compositions can be manufactured and used as creep observation objects, and creep curves are recorded, so that the creep model can be conveniently researched;
3. the operation is simple and quick, the device can be repeatedly used for many times, and the experimental efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the specific embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1: the invention relates to an isometric view of a rock mass structural plane shear creep meter;
fig. 2: the invention relates to a front view of a shear creep meter for a rock mass structural plane;
fig. 3: the structure schematic diagram of the shearing box is shown in the specification;
fig. 4: the structure schematic diagram of the direction conversion device is provided;
fig. 5: the structure of the spiral downshifting device is schematically shown.
The reference numerals are as follows:
101. creep test bench, 102, first support frame, 103, second support frame, 104, fixed bench, 1041, steel column, 1042, counter-force seat, 1043, sliding stage, 201, upper box, 2011, second displacement sensor interface, 2012, first tension sensor interface, 202, lower box, 2021, fixed steel sheet, 301, jack, 302, pressure sensor, 303, pressure display unit, 401, tension sensor, 4011, second tension sensor interface, 402, tension display unit, 403, force application conductive rod, 404, direction conversion device, 4041, fixed pulley, 4042, steel rope, 4043, fixed bracket, 405, spring, 406, spiral downward movement device, 4061, fixed part, 4062, movable part, 4063, through hole, 4064, electric screw shaft, 501, micro meter, 502, signal conversion output device.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention has the following six specific embodiments.
Example 1
The utility model provides a rock mass structural plane shear creep appearance, including the support body, the shearing box, vertical application of force module, horizontal application of force module and displacement measurement system, the support body includes creep experiment table 101, support frame one 102, support frame two 103 and fixed station 104, the shearing box includes the upper box 201 and the lower box 202 that communicate each other and can slide relatively, vertical application of force module includes jack 301, pressure sensor 302 and pressure display unit 303, horizontal application of force module includes tension sensor 401, tension display unit 402, application of force conducting rod 403, direction conversion device 404, spring 405 and spiral moves down the device 406, displacement measurement system includes little displacement meter 501 and signal conversion output device 502.
Example 2
The difference from embodiment 1 is that the following is included:
the first support frame 102 and the second support frame 103 are symmetrically welded on the left side and the right side of the upper surface of the creep experiment table 101, a first displacement sensor interface (not labeled in the figure) is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the first support frame 102, a fixing groove (not labeled in the figure) is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the second support frame 103, the fixing table 104 comprises a steel column 1041, a counter-force seat 1042 and a sliding objective table 1043, the steel column 1041 is rectangular and arranged on the creep experiment table between the first support frame 102 and the second support frame 103, the bottom of the steel column 1041 and the creep experiment table are welded into an integrated structure, the counter-force seat 1042 is fixedly connected to the top of the steel column 1041, the sliding objective table 1043 is provided with two, and steel rings are welded at four corners of each sliding objective table 1043 and are respectively connected with one steel column 1041 in a sliding manner.
Example 3
The difference from embodiment 2 is that the following is included:
the left side of the upper box 201 is welded with a second displacement sensor interface 2011, the right side of the upper box 201 is welded with a first tension sensor interface 2012, the axes of the first displacement sensor interface (not labeled in the figure), the second displacement sensor interface 2011, the first tension sensor interface 2012 and a fixed slot (not labeled in the figure) are collinear, the bottoms of the left side and the right side of the lower box 202 are respectively and symmetrically fixedly connected with a fixed steel sheet 2021, and the fixed steel sheet 2021 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the upper sliding object stage 1043 through screws.
Example 4
The difference from embodiment 3 is that the following is included:
the base of jack 301 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of creep experiment table 101, pressure sensor 302 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of slide stage 1043 below, pressure display unit 303 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of counter-force seat 1042, and pressure sensor 302 and pressure display unit 303 are connected through a signal line.
Example 5
The difference from embodiment 4 is that the following is included:
the direction conversion device 404 comprises a fixed pulley 4041 and a steel rope 4042, the fixed pulley 4041 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the second support frame 103 through a fixed support 4043, the steel rope 4042 is guided by the fixed pulley 4041, a force application transmission rod 403 is slidably connected in a fixed groove (not shown in the figure), the right end of the force application transmission rod 403 is fixedly connected with the left end of the horizontal part of the steel rope 4042, the left end of the tension sensor 401 is connected with a first tension sensor interface 2012, the right end of the tension sensor 401 is connected with a second tension sensor interface 4011, a tension display unit 402 is connected between the second tension sensor interface 4011 and the force application transmission rod 403, the tension display unit 402 is connected with the tension sensor 401 through a signal wire, a spiral descending device 406 comprises a fixed part 4061 and a movable part 4062, the fixed part 4061 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the creep experiment table 101 through a through hole 4063, the movable part 4062 is sleeved and in threaded connection with the fixed part 4061, the center of the lower surface of the top plate of the movable part 4062 is fixedly connected with an electric screw shaft 4064, the bottom of the electric screw shaft 4064 extends out of the lower surface of the creep experiment table 101 through a motor, and is connected with the top of the movable hook 405 through a data driving wire 4042 through a vertical hook 405 through a signal wire, and the top part 4042 is connected with the top of the movable hook.
Example 6
The difference from example 5 is that the following is included:
the micro displacement meter 501 is connected between a first displacement sensor interface (not labeled in the figure) and a second displacement sensor interface 2011, one end of the signal output conversion device is connected with the micro displacement meter 501, and the other end is connected with the PC end to measure a creep displacement-time curve.
Working principle:
when creep experiment is carried out, the measured prefabricated rock is placed in the shear box, the horizontal force application module is used for applying tension, the tension display unit 402 is used for displaying the tension in real time, the tension is slowly adjusted to a required tension value, the tension acts on the upper box 201, when creep occurs to the rock shear surface along with the time, the upper box 201 is caused to move, a displacement measurement system is combined, a curve of displacement along with the time is generated at the PC end, and the creep process of the measured rock shear surface can be analyzed.
Specifically, in the invention, the creep experiment table 101 is set as a rectangular table plate, the length is 2000mm, the width is 500mm, the thickness is 100mm, supporting frames are welded at two ends of the creep experiment table 101, the supporting frames are made of 16mm thick steel plates, the supporting frames are made of trapezoidal steel plates with the top of 200mm, the bottom of 400mm and the height of 800mm, the span between the front and the back of the supporting frames is 200mm, the diameter of a steel column 1041 is 75mm, the thickness of a sliding object stage 1043 is 35mm, and the thickness of a counter-force seat 1042 is 100mm.
The contact surface between the upper box body 201 and the lower box body 202 of the shearing box is a smooth plane, so that the measurement is more accurate. The inner diameter of the upper box 201 is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, the thickness of the steel plate is 3mm, and the height is 100mm; the sliding surface of the upper case 201 is a widened surface, the width is 25mm, the thickness is 20mm, and the sliding surface of the lower case 202 is 25mm in width and 20mm in thickness. The shearing box has sufficient volume, and the specific size can be adjusted according to different shearing surface modes, so that the shearing box is suitable for shearing creep experiments of structural surfaces in various modes. The shearing box adopts a steel plate with a certain thickness, can allow various rocks to carry out creep experiments on the instrument, and the box body is not deformed, so that the measurement result is not influenced.
The springs 405 with different k values can be selected according to actual conditions to meet experimental requirements, an electric rotating shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of the movable part 4062 of the spiral downward moving device 406, the electric rotating shaft can be connected with a computer through a data line, and the movable part 4062 can be rotated to automatically supplement pressure according to real-time feedback of the tension sensor 401, so that the horizontal tension is ensured to be constant.
According to the invention, the dynamometer comprises the tension sensor 401 and the display unit connected with the tension sensor 401, the tension sensor 401 is respectively connected with the second tension sensor connector and the first tension sensor connector, the display unit is used for displaying the stress measured by the tension sensor, the dynamometer with different measuring ranges is arranged in an experiment, and different dynamometers are adopted for different structural surfaces of different rocks, so that on one hand, errors are reduced, on the other hand, the instrument is protected, and the instrument is prevented from being damaged due to insufficient measuring ranges under the condition of unknown shear stress. The dynamometer has higher transmission speed, and accurately displays the magnitude of the tensile force in real time by a stress sensor, thereby reducing errors. Meanwhile, the dynamometer is also provided with a data wire, and can be directly connected with a computer for further calculation. The dynamometer is provided with a charging system, can be operated in the field, and improves the applicability of the instrument.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a rock mass structural plane shear creep appearance which characterized in that: the device comprises a frame body, a shearing box, a vertical force application module, a horizontal force application module and a displacement measurement system, wherein the frame body comprises a creep experiment table, a first support frame, a second support frame and a fixed table, the shearing box comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are communicated with each other and can slide relatively, the vertical force application module comprises a jack, a pressure sensor and a pressure display unit, the horizontal force application module comprises a tension sensor, a tension display unit, a force application conducting rod, a direction conversion device, a spring and a spiral downward movement device, and the displacement measurement system comprises a micro displacement meter and a signal conversion output device;
the first support frame and the second support frame are symmetrically welded on the left side and the right side of the upper surface of the creep experiment table, a first displacement sensor interface is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the first support frame, a fixing groove is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the second support frame, the fixing table comprises steel columns, a counter-force seat and a sliding objective table, the steel columns are arranged on the creep experiment table between the first support frame and the second support frame in a rectangular mode, the bottoms of the steel columns and the creep experiment table are welded into an integrated structure, the counter-force seat is fixedly connected to the tops of the steel columns, the sliding objective table is provided with two, steel rings are welded at four corners of each sliding objective table, and each steel ring is respectively connected with one steel column in a sliding mode;
the left side of the upper box body is welded with a second displacement sensor interface, the right side of the upper box body is welded with a first tension sensor interface, the axes of the first displacement sensor interface, the second displacement sensor interface, the first tension sensor interface and the fixed groove are collinear, the bottoms of the left side and the right side of the lower box body are respectively and symmetrically fixedly connected with a fixed steel sheet, and the fixed steel sheet is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the sliding object stage above through a screw;
the base of the jack is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the creep experiment table, the pressure sensor is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the sliding object stage below, the pressure display unit is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the counter-force seat, and the pressure sensor is connected with the pressure display unit through a signal wire;
the direction conversion device comprises a fixed pulley and a steel rope, the fixed pulley is rotationally connected to the outer wall of a second support frame through a fixed support, the steel rope is guided through the fixed pulley, a force application transmission rod is slidably connected in a fixed groove, the right end of the force application transmission rod is fixedly connected with the left end of a steel rope horizontal part, the left end of a tension sensor is connected with a first tension sensor interface, the right end of the tension sensor is connected with a second tension sensor interface, a tension display unit is connected between the second tension sensor interface and the force application transmission rod, the tension display unit is connected with the tension sensor through a signal line, the spiral downward moving device comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is fixedly connected to the upper surface of a creep experiment table, a through hole is formed in the center of the fixed part, the movable part is sleeved with the fixed part in a threaded connection mode, the center of the lower surface of a top plate of the movable part is fixedly connected with an electric screw shaft, the bottom of the electric screw shaft extends out of the lower surface of the creep experiment table and is driven by a motor, a driving motor of the electric screw shaft is connected with a computer through a data wire, the bottom of the spring is connected with the top of the movable part through a hook, and the top of the vertical part of the spring is connected with the steel rope through the hook.
2. A rock mass structural face shear creep gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the micro displacement meter is connected between the first displacement sensor interface and the second displacement sensor interface, one end of the signal output conversion device is connected with the micro displacement meter, and the other end of the signal output conversion device is connected with the PC end to measure a creep displacement-time curve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910574175.6A CN110274822B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Rock mass structural plane shear creep instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910574175.6A CN110274822B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Rock mass structural plane shear creep instrument |
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| CN110274822A CN110274822A (en) | 2019-09-24 |
| CN110274822B true CN110274822B (en) | 2024-03-15 |
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2019
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