CN110268825A - A kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer method and device of self-propelled ridging - Google Patents
A kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer method and device of self-propelled ridging Download PDFInfo
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- CN110268825A CN110268825A CN201910715056.8A CN201910715056A CN110268825A CN 110268825 A CN110268825 A CN 110268825A CN 201910715056 A CN201910715056 A CN 201910715056A CN 110268825 A CN110268825 A CN 110268825A
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- fertilizer
- ridging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer method and devices of ridging, including rack, engine, gearbox, ridging rotary blade, traveling wheel, chain conveyer, belt transmission, battery, fertilizer motor, speed probe, chuck, fertilizer apparatus, removal device, hopper, the present invention is in operation, it can be achieved at the same time ridge-forming and fertilizing, greatly improve working efficiency;This equipment carries out accurate cave-applied fertilizer according to setting dose and fertilising spacing, and precisely marks fertilization point in ridge face by fertilising and marking of control system, energy real-time monitoring equipment forward speed.Thus, it is possible to accurately carry out Tree Precise Fertilization to the crop for thering is spacing in the rows to require, applies base fertilizer deeply and reach agriculture requirement.It is apparent to reduce manual working intensity, fertilising precision is improved, and used apparatus structure is simple and compact, it is low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery technology field, specially a kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer method and device of self-propelled ridging.
Background technique
General fertilization mode belongs to the modes such as the fertilising of soil face, mixing seed manure, continuous row application and cave-applied fertilizer more.It is uncomfortable
When fertilizer release different degrees of influence can be caused to plant growth, if dose is very few, fertility deficiency influence crop it is normal
Growth;If dose is excessive, it be easy to cause the waste burnt kind of burn seedlings and cause fertilizer;If dose is uneven, will cause big
Scale crop growing state is different, influences field management and harvest.There is no absorbed fertilizer in soil or destroys soil ecology
Environment, or be washed into river with rainwater, it pollutes the environment.It is external largely to use dedicated fertilizer machinery for whole
Broadcasted sowing before ground, intertill fertilising, improvement soil etc..Domestic chemical manure fertilizing machine equipment the South and the North disparate development, northern dry farming machine
It is more mature to have product development, is not particularly suited for southern hilly area small plot, therefore, needs a kind of accurate spot application and label control
System processed realizes site-directed quantitative fertilising, and fertilising spacing is adjustable and the accurate mark function above fertilization point, is applicable to a variety of have
The crop (such as: flue-cured tobacco, capsicum, corn) that spacing in the rows requires guarantees that dose and label fertilization point are accurate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer method and devices of ridging, solve all at present apply
The problem of fertilizer amount of fertilizer equipment is inconsistent, is unable to precise positioning applies fertilizer, fertilization point cannot be marked precisely, large labor intensity.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer method of self-propelled ridging, is somebody's turn to do
Method controls fertilizer motor speed using the data that dose and spacing of applying fertilizer has been set in advance, by adjuster, then passes through inspection
Survey the travel speed of fertilizer applicator and in travel speed signal input regulator, adjuster is adjusted in real time by travel speed variation
The revolving speed of fertilizer motor realizes the purpose of accurate cave-applied fertilizer.
Preferably, the method for realizing accurate control dose is that discharging shaft is arranged by the discharge port in removal device, described
Discharging shaft is circular shaft structure, and material collecting tank is arranged on one side surface of discharging shaft and the material collecting tank is corresponding in discharge port position, passes through
The lateral position of movement discharging shaft and discharge port controls the amount of capacity of material collecting tank to realize, to realize accurate control dose
Purpose.
Preferably, the method for realizing accurate control fertilising spacing is, the material collecting tank at least 2 and is evenly distributed on discharging shaft
On, the discharging shaft other end is connected to fertilizer motor, by fertilizer motor control discharging shaft revolving speed, realizes accurate control fertilising spacing.
A kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer device of self-propelled ridging, including rotary tillage, ridging system, the rotary tillage, ridging system includes machine
Frame, engine, gearbox, belt transmission, chain conveyer, traveling wheel, ridging rotary blade, ridging trim panel, gauge wheel, ridge height adjustment
Bar.Gauge wheel is installed on ridge height adjustment bar lower end, can be realized by ridge height adjustment and is adjusted to ridge type height.The engine
Output shaft pass through belt transmission and the input axis connection of gearbox, driving traveling wheel work;The output shaft of the gearbox with
Chain conveyer connection, driving ridging rotary blade work, is arranged fertilising and marking of control system on the rack;
The fertilising and marking of control system include hopper and the hopper support for fixing hopper, and hopper support is installed on rack
Removal device and fertilizer apparatus is respectively set in hopper bottom in upper end;Fertilizer motor is set in hopper support front end, the fertilizer motor is logical
Sleeve and six square wheel axis connections are crossed, which passes across the hexagonal hole of fertilizer apparatus and removal device.Defertilizing tube is installed on fertilizer
Device lower end, drainage conduit are installed on removal device lower end.
Preferably, the fertilizer apparatus, removal device structure are consistent comprising shell and fertilizer expelling shaft, the fertilizer expelling shaft are setting
There is the circular shaft structure of hexagonal hole, the fertilizer axle sleeve is on six square wheel axis and corresponding with corresponding removal device discharge port, so that fertilizer
Axis can be rotated with six square wheel axis, can also be moved left and right along six square wheel axis directions;
It is uniformly arranged at least 2 material collecting tanks on one side surface of fertilizer expelling shaft, limit plate is set on the shell of material collecting tank side,
Blocking wheel is set in gap between limit plate and shell, the blocking wheel case is on fertilizer expelling shaft and can realize to the close of material collecting tank
Envelope;
Fertilizer-blocking plate and hairbrush is respectively set in fertilizer apparatus discharge outlet both sides at fertilizer expelling shaft, which is located at fertilizer-blocking plate and hair
Below gap between brush, fertilizer-blocking plate upper surface installation coplanar with shell.It is oblique that the hairbrush by screw is installed on shell
Face.
Preferably, battery is set on the rack and control cabinet, the battery and control cabinet is connect with fertilizer motor respectively,
Chuck is fixedly installed on the axis of traveling wheel, speed probe is fixedly installed on chuck, the bottom setting boosting in control cabinet
Module and controller, the touch screen of lid installation on it, the input terminal of the controller are respectively communicated with speed probe and touch screen.
Preferred rack, dynamical system, rotary tillage system, running gear and fertilising and the marking of control being installed in rack
System.
The dynamical system includes 6.3kw single-cylinder air-cooled engine, power transmission device.Engine output power first passes through
Belt through chain, sends power to running gear, rotary tillage system again.
The rotary tillage, ridging system includes rack, rotary tillage, ridging knife, ridge body trim panel.Rotary blade is fixed on cutter shaft, right
Title is installed on rack lower end.When operation, engine exports power by V belt translation through gearbox, and power reaches knife through chain conveyer
Axis.
The fertilising and marking of control system include hopper, hopper support, battery, boost module, speed probe,
Controller, touch screen, PWM modulator, fertilizer motor, six square wheel axis, fertilizer apparatus, removal device, defertilizing tube, drainage conduit.Hopper peace
Loaded on hopper support, battery is installed on rack;Speed probe is installed on live axle;Boost module, controller, touch
Screen, PWM modulator concentrate in control cabinet, are placed in rack;Fertilizer motor is installed at hopper support, drives six side of fertilizer
Wheel shaft;Fertilizer apparatus, removal device are respectively arranged in hopper support corresponding position lower end.When operation, system is by the boosted mould of battery
It powers after block boosting, selects operating mode, dose and fertilising spacing on the touchscreen.Automatic fertilization is selected, dose is set
And fertilising spacing, the speed probe for being installed on live axle acquire traveling wheel forward speed, signal input controller, control in real time
Device processed defers to program and carries out internal calculation, and output voltage signal is converted to fertilizer motor speed by PWM modulator, realizes essence
Quasi- cave-applied fertilizer;Gear fertilising is selected, system will work according to the dose and fertilising spacing that pre-set in systems.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the structural design scheme is simple and compact for structure, user
Just, flexible operation, stability are good.It can be sequentially completed to walk certainly, ridging, fertilising, the work of label.And according to alpine terrain,
This design reduces requirement of the self-propelled fertilizer applicator to soil regime, using fertilising and marking of control system, cave-applied fertilizer before solving
Fertilizer amount and spacing are not fixed, are non-adjustable, cannot mark the case where fertilization point, will substantially reduce labor intensity, improve cave-applied fertilizer matter
Amount.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic view of the front view of the invention;
Fig. 2 is left view structural representation of the invention;
Fig. 3 is control system primary structure schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 4 is fertilizer apparatus schematic view of the front view of the invention;
Fig. 5 is fertilizer apparatus overlooking structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 6 is cave-applied fertilizer and marking of control systematic schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 7 is control cabinet wiring schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 8 is fertilizer expelling shaft structural schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 9 is blocking wheel structural schematic diagram of the invention.
In attached drawing 1-7: 1, drainage conduit, 2, gauge wheel, 3, ridge height adjustment bar, 4, defertilizing tube, 5, rotary tillage, ridging knife, 6, walking
Wheel, 7, rack, 8, engine, 9, V belt translation, 10, chain conveyer, 11, arm-rest frame, 12, fertilizer motor, 13, handrail, 14, hopper,
15, control cabinet, 16, hopper support, 17, rack, 18, six square wheel axis, 19, battery, 20, ridging trim panel, 21, removal device,
22, fertilizer apparatus, 23, speed probe, 24, chuck, 25, fertilizer expelling shaft, 26, blocking wheel, 27, shell, 28, limit plate, 29, hair
Brush, 30, fertilizer-blocking plate 31, boost module, 32, controller, 33, PWM modulator 34, touch screen, 35 gearboxes.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-7 is please referred to, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer method of ridging, it is special
Sign is: this method controls fertilizer motor speed using the data that dose and spacing of applying fertilizer has been set in advance, by adjuster,
Again by the travel speed of detection fertilizer applicator and in travel speed signal input regulator, adjuster is changed by travel speed
The revolving speed of adjustment fertilizer motor in real time, realizes the purpose of accurate cave-applied fertilizer.
The method for wherein realizing accurate control dose is that discharging shaft, the discharge is arranged by the discharge port in removal device
Axis is circular shaft structure, and material collecting tank is arranged on one side surface of discharging shaft and the material collecting tank is corresponding in discharge port position, passes through movement
The lateral position of discharging shaft and discharge port controls the amount of capacity of material collecting tank to realize, to realize the mesh of accurate control dose
's;The method for realizing accurate control fertilising spacing is, the material collecting tank at least 2 and is evenly distributed on discharging shaft, and discharging shaft is another
One end is connected to fertilizer motor, by fertilizer motor control discharging shaft revolving speed, realizes accurate control fertilising spacing.
A kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer device of self-propelled ridging, including rotary tillage, ridging system, institute are formed by according to the above method
Stating rotary tillage, ridging system includes rack 7, engine 8, gearbox 35, belt transmission 9, chain conveyer 10, traveling wheel 6, ridging rotary tillage
Knife 5, ridging trim panel 20, gauge wheel 2, ridge height adjustment bar 3.Gauge wheel 2 is installed on 3 lower end of ridge height adjustment bar, to a high-profile by ridge
Whole 3 can realize to ridge type height be adjusted.The input that the output shaft of the engine 8 passes through belt transmission 9 and gearbox 35
Axis connection, driving traveling wheel 6 work;The output shaft of the gearbox 35 is connect with chain conveyer 10, drives 5 work of ridging rotary blade
Make, setting fertilising and marking of control system in rack 7;
The fertilising and marking of control system include hopper 14 and the hopper support 16 for fixing hopper 14, and hopper support 16 is pacified
Loaded on 17 upper end of rack, removal device 21 and fertilizer apparatus 22 is respectively set in 14 bottom of hopper;It is arranged in 16 front end of hopper support and arranges
Fertile motor 18, the fertilizer motor 18 are connect by sleeve with six square wheel axis 18, which passes across fertilizer apparatus 22 and row
The hexagonal hole of glassware 21.Defertilizing tube 4 is installed on 22 lower end of fertilizer apparatus, and drainage conduit 1 is installed on 21 lower end of removal device.
The fertilizer apparatus 22,21 structure of removal device are consistent comprising shell 27 and fertilizer expelling shaft 25, the fertilizer expelling shaft 25 are to set
It is equipped with the circular shaft structure of hexagonal hole, 25 sets of the fertilizer expelling shaft are on six square wheel axis 18 and corresponding with corresponding 21 discharge port of removal device,
So that fertilizer expelling shaft 25 can be rotated with six square wheel axis 18, can also be moved left and right along six square wheel axis, 18 direction;
It is uniformly arranged at least 2 material collecting tanks on 25 1 side surface of fertilizer expelling shaft, limit is set on the shell 27 of material collecting tank side
Position plate 28, is arranged blocking wheel 26 in the gap between limit plate 28 and shell 27, and 6 sets of the blocking wheel is on fertilizer expelling shaft 25 and can
Realize the sealing to material collecting tank;
Fertilizer-blocking plate 30 and hairbrush 29 is respectively set in 22 discharge outlet both sides of fertilizer apparatus at fertilizer expelling shaft 25, which is located at
Below gap between fertilizer-blocking plate 30 and hairbrush 29,30 upper surface of fertilizer-blocking plate installation coplanar with shell 27.The hairbrush 29
27 inclined-plane of shell is installed on by screw.
Battery 19 and control cabinet 15 be set in rack 7, the battery 19 and control cabinet 15 respectively with fertilizer motor 18
Chuck 24 is fixedly installed in connection on the axis of traveling wheel 6, speed probe 23 is fixedly installed on chuck 24, in control cabinet 15
Interior bottom setting boost module 31 and controller 32, the touch screen 34 of lid installation on it, the input terminal of the controller 32 connect respectively
Logical speed probe 23 and touch screen 34.
The rotary tillage, ridging system includes rack 7, ridging rotary blade 5, ridge body trim panel 20.Rotary blade 5 is fixed on cutter shaft,
It is symmetrically arranged on rack lower end.Engine 8 exports power by V belt translation 9 through gearbox, and power reaches knife through chain conveyer 10
Axis.
Hopper 14, hopper support 16, battery 19, boost module 31, the speed probe 23, control for including in the present embodiment
Device 32 processed, touch screen 34, PWM modulator 33, fertilizer motor 12, six square wheel axis 18, fertilizer apparatus 22, removal device 21, defertilizing tube 4,
Drainage conduit 1;Hopper 14 is installed on hopper support 16, and battery 16 is installed on rack 7;Speed probe 23 is installed on traveling wheel
Axis;Boost module 31, controller 32, touch screen 34, PWM modulator 33 concentrate in control cabinet 15, are placed in rack 7;Row
Fertile motor 12 is installed at hopper support 16, drives six square wheel axis 18 of fertilizer;Fertilizer apparatus 22, removal device 21 are respectively arranged in hopper
16 corresponding position lower end of support.When operation, system is by being system power supply after the boosting of the boosted module 31 of battery 19, in touch screen
Operating mode, dose and fertilising spacing are selected on 34.Automatic fertilization is selected, dose and fertilising spacing are set, row is installed on
The speed probe 23 for walking wheel shaft acquires 6 forward speed of traveling wheel, signal input controller 32 in real time, and controller 32 defers to program
Internal calculation is carried out, output voltage signal is converted to 12 revolving speed of fertilizer motor, realizes accurate cave-applied fertilizer to PWM modulator 33;Choosing
Gear fertilising is selected, system will work according to the dose and fertilising spacing that pre-set in systems.
It is afterwards rotary tillage, ridging system before the traveling wheel 6 is arranged in, power is all from engine 8.Fertilising and marking of control
It after system is arranged in, is powered by battery 19, fertilizer discharge power comes from fertilizer motor 12.In operation, traveling wheel 6 drives complete machine
Advance, ridging rotary blade 5 cuts native ridging, the rotation of 12 band of fertilizer motor, six square wheel axis 18,21 fertilizer expelling shaft of fertilizer apparatus 22 and removal device
25 rotations, 14 fertilizer of hopper are fallen into 25 race of fertilizer expelling shaft, and fertilizer expelling shaft 25 follows six square wheel axis 18 to rotate, fertilizer in each race
Ridge bottom is fallen by lower section defertilizing tube 4;The removal device 21 is mainly used to the marker of row's label fertilization point, with 22 work of fertilizer apparatus
It is identical to make principle, for 1 lower port of drainage conduit on the face of ridge, blanking is synchronous with fertilizer, in ridge face accurate marker ridge bottom application fatbits.
The standardized element that the present invention uses can commercially, and shaped piece is according to specification and attached drawing note
Load can carry out customized, and the specific connection type of each part is all made of in the prior art mature bolt, rivet, welding etc.
Conventional means, mechanical, part and equipment are all made of in the prior art, conventional model, in addition circuit connection uses the prior art
Middle conventional connection type, this will not be detailed here, and the content being not described in detail in this specification belongs to this field professional technique
The prior art well known to personnel.
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art,
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or part of technical characteristic is carried out etc.
With replacement, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer method of self-propelled ridging, it is characterised in that: this method uses and dose has been set in advance and has applied
The data of fertile spacing control fertilizer motor speed, then the travel speed and traveling speed that pass through detection fertilizer applicator by adjuster
It spends in signal input regulator, adjuster changes the revolving speed of adjustment fertilizer motor in real time by travel speed, realizes that accurate cave is applied
The purpose of fertilizer.
2. a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer method of ridging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: realize accurate control
The method of dose is that discharging shaft is arranged by the discharge port in removal device, and the discharging shaft is circular shaft structure, in discharging shaft one
Material collecting tank is set on side surface and the material collecting tank is corresponding in discharge port position, passes through the lateral position of mobile discharging shaft and discharge port
The amount of capacity of control material collecting tank is realized, to realize the purpose of accurate control dose.
3. a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer method of ridging according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: realize accurate control
The method of fertilising spacing is the material collecting tank at least 2 and to be evenly distributed on discharging shaft, and the discharging shaft other end is connected to fertilizer electricity
Machine realizes accurate control fertilising spacing by fertilizer motor control discharging shaft revolving speed.
4. a kind of accurate cave-applied fertilizer device of self-propelled ridging, including rotary tillage, ridging system, the rotary tillage, ridging system includes rack
(7), engine (8), gearbox (35), belt are driven (9), chain conveyer (10), traveling wheel (6), ridging rotary blade (5), ridging
Trim panel (20), gauge wheel (2), ridge height adjustment bar (3).Gauge wheel (2) is installed on ridge height adjustment bar (3) lower end, passes through ridge height
Adjustment (3) can be achieved to be adjusted ridge type height.The output shaft of the engine (8) passes through belt transmission (9) and gearbox
(35) input axis connection, driving traveling wheel (6) work;The output shaft of the gearbox (35) is connect with chain conveyer (10), is driven
Dynamic ridging rotary blade (5) work, it is characterised in that: setting fertilising and marking of control system on rack (7);
The fertilising and marking of control system include hopper (14) and the hopper support (16) for fixing hopper (14), hopper branch
Seat (16) is installed on rack (17) upper end, and removal device (21) and fertilizer apparatus (22) is respectively set in hopper (14) bottom;In hopper
Fertilizer motor (18) are arranged in support (16) front end, which is connect by sleeve with six square wheel axis (18), six side
Wheel shaft (18) passes across the hexagonal hole of fertilizer apparatus (22) and removal device (21).Defertilizing tube (4) is installed on fertilizer apparatus (22) lower end, row
Expects pipe (1) is installed on removal device (21) lower end.
5. a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer device of ridging according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the fertilizer apparatus
(22), removal device (21) structure is consistent comprising shell (27) and fertilizer expelling shaft (25), the fertilizer expelling shaft (25) are to be provided with six sides
The circular shaft structure in hole, the fertilizer expelling shaft (25) cover on six square wheel axis (18) and corresponding with corresponding removal device (21) discharge port, make
Obtaining fertilizer expelling shaft (25) can rotate with six square wheel axis (18), can also move left and right along six square wheel axis (18) directions;
At least 2 material collecting tanks are uniformly arranged on (25) one side surface of fertilizer expelling shaft, are set on the shell (27) of material collecting tank side
Limit plate (28) are set, blocking wheel (26) are set in the gap between limit plate (28) and shell (27), which covers
On fertilizer expelling shaft (25) and it can realize sealing to material collecting tank;
Fertilizer-blocking plate (30) and hairbrush (29), the fertilizer is respectively set in fertilizer apparatus (22) discharge outlet both sides at fertilizer expelling shaft (25)
Axis (25) is located at below the gap between fertilizer-blocking plate (30) and hairbrush (29), and fertilizer-blocking plate (30) upper surface and shell (27) are altogether
Face installation.The hairbrush (29) is installed on shell (27) inclined-plane by screw.
6. a kind of self-propelled accurate cave-applied fertilizer device of ridging according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: on rack (7)
Setting battery (19) and control cabinet (15), the battery (19) and control cabinet (15) are connect with fertilizer motor (18) respectively,
Chuck (24) are fixedly installed on the axis of traveling wheel (6), speed probe (23) are fixedly installed on chuck (24), in control cabinet
(15) interior bottom setting boost module (31) and controller (32), lid installation touch screen (34) on it, the controller (32)
Input terminal is respectively communicated with speed probe (23) and touch screen (34).
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CN112237078A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-01-19 | 贵州大学 | Ridge fertilizer applicator |
CN112470609A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-12 | 文世银 | Application method of spiral fertilizing device |
CN112470608A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-12 | 文世银 | Spiral fertilizer injection unit |
CN114175879A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-15 | 塔里木大学 | Intelligent bilateral fertilizer applying device for orchard |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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