CN110264534B - Target imaging method and system based on RFID - Google Patents
Target imaging method and system based on RFID Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
- G06K17/0003—Automatic card files incorporating selecting, conveying and possibly reading and/or writing operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
- G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
- G06K17/0029—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a target imaging method and a target imaging system based on RFID, the method obtains a target imaging image by moving an RFID tag array, and the RFID tag array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by RFID tags. Meanwhile, the method of the invention images the target at the visual angle of the person and images the front of the target to obtain the front view of the target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless imaging, and relates to a target imaging method based on a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wireless signal.
Background
Existing imaging-related systems fall into the following categories: 1) Enterprise-level imaging system: including radar, X-ray, CT/MRI and B-ultrasound, employ high frequency, large bandwidth and dedicated hardware for the antenna array, which are very expensive and bulky. For example, a medical MRI system may cost 20-100 million dollars. MRI requires placement of the target within a large coil and then imaging using the resonance signals reflected by the target. 2) Imaging based on a camera: cameras can be widely used for object recognition. However, in a dark environment, the camera cannot form an image. 3) Imaging based on radio frequency signals of a 60G frequency band: in the RSA algorithm, an object is imaged using RSS measurements recorded along the track of the device. The E-Mi uses a pair of 60GHz transmitter and receiver to sense the reflector and reconstructs a rough profile of the reflector by resolving all major reflection paths between the two nodes. However, the 60G signal has not been widely spread and cannot be used conveniently. 4) Imaging of wireless signals based on Wi-Fi. Researchers have explored Wi-Fi band imaging methods to detect human motion, activity, and gestures, and to detect metal objects. Such as imaging a target object using OFDM and large phased antenna arrays. The Widion system receives a reflected signal from a target through a large two-dimensional antenna array for imaging. However, large two-dimensional antenna arrays require a large number of rf lines to transmit signals to a data processing end, such as a computer, which makes deployment difficult; secondly, the WiFi network card cannot accurately obtain the accurate phase of the signal from the sending end to the receiving end due to the problem of carrier frequency deviation, and the imaging precision of the WiFi network card is limited. 5) Imaging based on ultra-wideband radio frequency signals. Later researchers have used Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) signals with 2G bandwidth from 5G to 7G bands to detect echoes from different parts of the human body, and have determined the positions of different parts of the human body, and then combined all the results to form a human image. Ultra-wideband signals require specialized equipment to transmit, limiting their wide-spread deployment possibilities. 6) RFID-based imaging. A problem with RFID-based imaging is that TagScan is built on inexpensive commercial RFID devices (about $ 1000), and when penetrating a target with a Radio Frequency (RF) signal, different target sizes result in different phase and RSS (received signal strength) changes, imaging a horizontal slice of the target. The method cannot image the vertical section of the object and the imaging is not comprehensive.
In summary, with wireless signal imaging, the wireless signal reflected by the target needs to be analyzed to obtain the angle and position information of the space where each point on the target is located. Enterprise-level imaging systems are too costly. Ultra-wideband signals are currently not available in commercial communication systems. The traditional antenna array receives wireless signals and needs to transmit the wireless signals to other signal processing equipment in a wired mode, so that the deployment and maintenance difficulty is high. Current RFID-based imaging work also does not image objects from a human perspective. Therefore, there is a great need to find a new method for imaging an object that overcomes the drawbacks of the different methods described above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a target imaging algorithm based on a radio signal of an RFID (radio frequency identification device), which solves the problems of large equipment volume, high manufacturing cost and high maintenance and incomplete imaging in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a target imaging method based on RFID is disclosed, the method is to obtain a target imaging graph by moving an RFID label array, the RFID label array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by RFID labels, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 2, only setting the RFID tag array, and performing the other operations in the same step 1 to obtain record2;
step 3, calculating according to the following formula to obtain record3:
wherein λ represents the wavelength of the RFID signal, and z, tagx, tagy are determined as follows: taking the intersection point of a horizontal central axis and the RFID tag array as a coordinate origin, taking the horizontal direction of the plane where the RFID tag array is located as an x axis, taking the vertical direction as a y axis, taking tagx and tagy as the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each tag data acquisition point, taking z as the horizontal distance from a target to the RFID tag array, and taking tagx degrees and tagy degrees as the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each tag data acquisition point at the initial position; the unit is meter;
step 4, recording the record3 into a two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns according to the following rules:
averaging p discrete points on the intervals [ d3, d4], and averaging q discrete points on the intervals [ d1, d2], wherein [ d1, d2] and [ d3, d4] are respectively the length range and the width range of an image formed by the target, and p and q are any natural numbers;
and 5, performing modular operation on the two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns, and then performing equal-proportion mapping on the two-dimensional array to RGB color values by adopting a Matlab function to obtain a target imaging graph.
The invention also provides a target imaging system based on the RFID, the system obtains a target imaging image by moving the RFID tag array, the RFID tag array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by the RFID tags, and the system comprises an RFID reader, an RFID tag array and a controller;
the RFID reader is used for reading the phase value and the amplitude value of each label of the RFID label array;
the controller is used for operating according to the method of claim 1 to generate a target imaging graph.
When the RFID label array is used, a normal vector of a plane where the RFID label array is located is parallel to a horizontal central axis, a normal vector of a plane where the target is located is parallel to the horizontal central axis, and the horizontal central axis is a line formed by connecting a central point of the RFID label array and a central point of the target; the horizontal and vertical distances between the RFID tags are both 1695m, the RFID reader is positioned 20cm to 50cm behind the RFID tag array, and the RFID tag array of the system is positioned 20cm to 50cm behind the target.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing method, the method is based on the widely popular RFID system, only a reader, a tag array and the like are needed, and the method is easy to obtain, low in cost, easy to deploy and easy to maintain.
Meanwhile, the method of the invention images the target by the visual angle of the person, images the full front of the target to obtain the front view of the target, and can overcome the problem of incomplete imaging in the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RFID tag array arrangement.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a target metal plate in mm.
Fig. 3 is a triangular target imaging plot.
Fig. 4 is a rectangular target imaging diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an object imaging system based on RFID, which is operated according to the following method, the method obtains an object imaging graph by moving an RFID tag array, the RFID tag array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by RFID tags, and the method comprises the following steps:
1.1 arranging scenes;
the glue stick antenna, the tag array and the plane metal plate (namely the target) with any shape are sequentially arranged on the horizontal central axis from back to front. The glue stick antenna is an omnidirectional antenna and is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal of the RFID reader; the tag array is a two-dimensional planar array formed by RFID tags, 6 rows of tags are arranged in the horizontal direction, and 6 rows of tags are arranged in the vertical direction. Horizontally adjacent tags, with a center distance of 16cm; vertically adjacent tags, with a center distance of 16cm; the target metal plate may be a plane of any shape, the largest dimension not exceeding 90cm. The present embodiment takes a square shape and a triangular shape. The glue stick antenna is vertically arranged, the normal vector of the plane of the label array is parallel to the central axis and is positioned in front of the glue stick antenna for a distance of 20-50 cm, and the normal vector of the plane metal plate with any shape is parallel to the central axis and is positioned in front of the label array for 20-50 cm.
1.2 signal acquisition operation;
and setting the label array to an initial position, and performing step operation.
The first set of operations, each time, first performs a translation operation and then collects data of the tag, 16 times in total. The values of m and i are both 4, the horizontal rightward translation is divided into 0,4,8, 12cm and 4, and the vertical upward translation is divided into 0,4,8, 12cm and 4. The translation operation is a combination of horizontal right translation and vertical upward translation, and the number of the translation operations is 16. Noting that moving 0cm to the right horizontally and 0cm vertically upward is (0,0), the 16 operations are (0,0), (0,4), (0,8), (0,12), (4,0), (4,4), (4,8), (4,12), (8,0), (8,4), (8,8), (8,12), (12,0), (12,4), (12,8), (12,12), in cm. And acquiring the RSSI value and the phase value of each tag by using an API opened by an RFID reader. A first set of data record1 is obtained.
Step 2, only setting the RFID tag array, removing the planar metal plate, and performing the same operation as the step 1 to obtain record2;
step 3, calculating according to the following formula to obtain record3:
3.1 data Format description.
The data record1 and record2 follow the same format. Each group of data has 24 rows and 24 columns, and because 6 columns of labels are arranged in the horizontal direction, the data is translated for 4 times; there are 6 columns of labels in the vertical direction, translated 4 times. Each data point is shaped as alphae jφ In a plural form, wherein
Phi denotes the acquired phase value and e takes the value 2.7183.
3.2 subtracting the signals;
subtracting the data at the corresponding position of the record2 and the record1 to obtain the shape of alpha e jφ In the form of a complex number.
3.3, phase compensation;
according to the result of 3.2, each element needs to be multiplied by a compensation factor beta to obtain a new array, and the compensation factor beta is
Wherein λ represents the wavelength of the RFID radio frequency signal, which is 0.32m. z, x a ，y a The determination of (2) is as follows: and taking the intersection point of the central axis and the antenna array as the origin of coordinates, wherein the horizontal direction of the tag array plane is an x axis, and the vertical direction is a y axis. According to the operation in step 1.2, the horizontal and vertical coordinates (x) corresponding to each data point can be obtained a ，y a ) In the unit m. z is the distance in m from the metal plate to the tag array on the central axis.
3.4 calculating a signal record3 at the imaging target according to the result of the 3.3;
record3 is calculated as follows:
wherein
Representing the corresponding coordinates (x) in the new array of step 3.3 a ，y a ) Is selected element(s)>
Represents the corresponding coordinate (x) in record3 b ，y b ) The elements of (a).
Step 4, recording the record3 into a two-dimensional array with p rows and q columns according to the following rules:
get y b For step size step, the interval is [ d1, d2]]P discrete points of (i.e. y) b ＝[d1,d1+step,d1+2*step,…,d1+(p-1)*step]And d2= d1+ (p-1) × (step). Get x b For step size step, the interval is [ d3, d4]]Q discrete points of (2), x b ＝[d3,d3+step,d3+2*step,…,d3+(q-1)*step]And d4= d3+ (q-1) × (step). Has a unit ofAnd (m) rice. Then record3 is a two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns and because the operation is a complex operation, each element obtained is in the form of an α e jφ A plurality of (2). In principle, p and q can be arbitrarily selected, but the larger the value of both is, the larger the number of pixels representing the image is, and the better the final imaging quality is.
And 5, performing modular operation on the two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns, and then performing equal-proportion mapping on the two-dimensional array to RGB color values by adopting a Matlab function to obtain a target imaging graph. This step is a conventional procedure, exemplified below:
5.1 taking the modulus of each element in record3, the meaning of modulus in this field means that only α in record3 is taken, resulting in record4.
Each element in 5.2recordk 4 is a nonnegative real number, the numerical value is mapped onto the interval of [1,64] in an equal proportion to obtain record5, and then the mapping operation can be completed by using record5= mapminmax (record 4,1,64) in Matlab. The numerical value in record5 is corresponding to 64 RGB color values (the corresponding relationship is given by colormap), and as shown in table 1, an image of p × q pixels can be drawn, and the result is an image of the object, which is shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 1 colormap values (triangle target)
Note: since the data of record1-record5 is too large, only the final colormap value is listed in the application.
And (3) experimental verification:
the experimental site is selected in the underground layer of a physical information building of northwest university, and the size of the area selected by the experiment is 6*6 meters. The reader uses Chinese edition, model number is speedway R420, frequency range is 920 to 925MHz, and wavelength is 32 cm. The label model used was AZ9630. The material is aluminum, and the label is 97mm long and 9.5mm wide. The label array has 6 rows and 6 columns with adjacent labels in each row or column spaced 16cm apart. In practical experiments, to obtain a tag array with more than 6 rows and 6 columns, we simulated a large tag array by moving the array. The transmitting antenna is located near the tag array and the reflector. The reflector is vertically placed, and the label array is also vertically placed. The signal is reflected from the antenna of the reader to the label through the reflector, and then the label reflects the signal to the glue stick antenna connected with the reader. The experimental scaffolds used non-metallic scaffolds to attenuate the effect on signal. The imaging results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Claims (5)
1. An RFID-based target imaging method, comprising the steps of:
step 1, setting an RFID tag array and a target, wherein the RFID tag array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by RFID tags, the target is positioned 20-50 cm in front of the RFID tag array, the RFID tag array is integrally moved for multiple times, a phase value phi and an amplitude value RSSI of each tag in the RFID tag array are collected during each movement, and the phase value phi and the corresponding amplitude value RSSI are calculated according to the phase value phi and the corresponding amplitude value RSSI
The form of the matrix is recorded to obtain a matrix, namely record1, and j is an imaginary number;
step 2, only setting the RFID label array, moving the RFID label array for multiple times according to the same moving method as the step 1, acquiring the phase value phi DEG and the amplitude value RSSI DEG of each label in the RFID label array in each moving, and taking the phase value phi DEG and the corresponding amplitude value RSSI DEG as reference
Form record to obtain record2;
step 3, calculating according to the following formula to obtain record3:
wherein λ represents the wavelength of the RFID signal, and z, tagx, tagy are determined as follows: taking the intersection point of a horizontal central axis and the RFID tag array as a coordinate origin, taking the horizontal direction of the plane where the RFID tag array is located as an x axis, taking the vertical direction as a y axis, taking tagx and tagy as the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each tag data acquisition point, taking z as the horizontal distance from a target to the RFID tag array, and taking tagx degrees and tagy degrees as the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each tag data acquisition point at the initial position; the unit is meter;
step 4, converting the record3 into a two-dimensional array with p rows and q columns according to the following rules:
taking tag ° as step, p discrete points in the interval [ d1, d2], i.e., tag ° = [ d1, d1+ step, d1+2 step, …, d1+ (p-1) × step ], and d2= d1+ (p-1) × step; taking tagx ° as a step size step, q discrete points in the interval [ d3, d4], tagx ° = [ d3, d3+ step, d3+2 step, …, d3+ (q-1) × step ], and d4= d3+ (q-1) × step, in meters;
and 5, carrying out modular operation on the two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns, calling a Matlab function to map the two-dimensional array to RGB color values in an equal proportion mode, and obtaining a target imaging graph.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the RFID tag array is moved 16 times as a whole according to (0,0), (0,m), (0, m + i), (0, m + 2i), (m, 0), (m, m), (m, m + i), (m, m +2 i), (m + i, m), (m + i ), (m + i, m +2 i), (m +2i, 0), (m +2i ), wherein the initial position of the RFID tag array is (0,0) representing a horizontal shift of 0 and a vertical shift of 0, the initial position being defined as the center point of the RFID tag array and the center point of the target being located on the same horizontal axis;
(0,m) represents a horizontal right shift of 0 and a vertical up shift of m centimeters;
(0,m + i) represents a horizontal right shift of 0 and a vertical upward shift of m + i centimeters;
(0, m + 2i) represents a horizontal shift of 0 to the right and a vertical shift of m +2i centimeters;
(m, 0) represents a horizontal right shift of m centimeters and a vertical up shift of 0;
(m, m) represents a horizontal shift of m centimeters to the right and a vertical shift of m centimeters;
(m, m + i) represents a horizontal right shift by m centimeters and a vertical up shift by m + i centimeters;
(m, m +2 i) represents a horizontal right shift by m centimeters and a vertical up shift by m +2i centimeters;
(m + i, 0) represents a horizontal right shift of m + i centimeters and a vertical upward shift of 0;
(m + i, m) represents a horizontal right shift by m + i centimeters and a vertical up shift by m centimeters;
(m + i ) represents a horizontal shift of m + i centimeters to the right and a vertical shift of m + i centimeters;
(m + i, m +2 i) means a horizontal right shift by m + i centimeters and a vertical up shift by m +2i centimeters;
(m +2i, 0) represents a horizontal right shift of m +2i centimeters and a vertical up shift of 0;
(m +2i, m) represents a horizontal right shift of m +2i centimeters and a vertical up shift of m centimeters;
(m +2i, m + i) represents a horizontal right shift of m +2i centimeters and a vertical upward shift of m + i centimeters;
(m +2i ) indicates a horizontal right shift of m +2i centimeters and a vertical up shift of m +2i centimeters.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the modulus operation only takes the coefficient value of each element in the two-dimensional array of p rows and q columns, and calls a Matlab function to complete the mapping operation, and the mapping operation corresponds to 64 RGB color values according to the corresponding relationship given by colormap.
4. A target imaging system based on RFID is characterized in that the system obtains a target imaging image by moving an RFID tag array, wherein the RFID tag array is a two-dimensional plane array formed by RFID tags, and the system comprises an RFID reader, an RFID tag array and a controller;
the RFID reader is used for reading a phase value and an amplitude value of each tag of the RFID tag array;
the controller is configured to operate according to the method of claim 1 to generate a target imaging map.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the normal vector of the plane of the array of RFID tags is parallel to the horizontal central axis, the normal vector of the plane of the object is parallel to the horizontal central axis, and the horizontal central axis is a line connecting the center point of the array of RFID tags and the center point of the object; the horizontal and vertical distances between the RFID tags are 1695m, the RFID reader is positioned 20-50 cm behind the RFID tag array, and when the system is used, the RFID tag array of the system is positioned 20-50 cm behind a target.
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