CN110261899B - Seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the distribution position and period of a Z-shaped interference wave; step 2, after the distribution position and the period rule of the interference wave are determined, intercepting and stacking each path of seismic data according to the distribution position and the period; step 3, obtaining a square window with a main component of a period being a Z-shaped interference wave, taking the square window as a wavelet of the Z-shaped interference wave, and obtaining an attenuation coefficient through the magnitude of a correlation function value; step 4, performing Curvelet transformation on the seismic data to obtain a Curvelet coefficient csAnd subtracting the information of the matched multiples from the seismic data by adopting a soft threshold value method. The seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method realizes identification, synthesis and removal of Z-shaped interference waves, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of collected data, and provides a high-quality reflection wave field for borehole seismic imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration, relates to elimination of interference waves in seismic data, and particularly relates to processing of Z-shaped interference waves generated by a novel detector and elimination of influence of the Z-shaped interference waves on the seismic data quality.
Background
In the field of geoscience, seismic exploration methods are one of important means for exploring underground information, and the geophysical exploration methods are used for observing and analyzing the propagation rule of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes in the underground and deducing the properties and the forms of underground rock strata by utilizing the difference between the elasticity and the density of underground media through elastic waves caused by artificial excitation.
With the development of science and technology and the innovation of theory, the technology and principle of a seismic exploration method are continuously improved, and a novel underground detector-distributed optical fiber detector DAS (distributed Acoustic sensor) is gradually applied.
The distributed acoustic wave sensor (DAS) is used in seismic data acquisition technology, the method is low in cost consumption, can obtain abundant seismic data, has good application in both onshore and offshore, and is particularly suitable for VSP technology.
DAS uses standard optical Fiber (FO) cable instead of geophones for seismic sensing, the FO fiber can be accessed by special devices to record information everywhere, and seismic waves can deform any part of the fiber to generate signals, so that seismic information anywhere can be obtained, thus being equivalent to continuous geophone distribution.
In the DAS acquisition process, the optical fiber is suspended in a well, and when seismic waves arrive, the cable can greatly shake, so that serious regular noise interference (zigzag interference waves) inevitably occurs when seismic records are acquired.
The Z-shaped interference wave has the characteristics of linearity, periodicity, strong energy and the like, the generation rule of the Z-shaped interference wave is related to the material and the length of the optical fiber, and the interference wave starts from the position of the first arrival wave and is in Z-shaped attenuation distribution. Because the interference wave energy is strong, the effective information in the seismic record is covered, and the quality of the seismic data is seriously influenced, a related processing method needs to be established, and the interference wave can be eliminated or suppressed. Which masks the true information of the seismic record.
In the process of pressing the Z-shaped interference waves, the energy intensity of the Z-shaped interference waves cannot be completely separated from background effective information, so that the calculation of the distribution position and the period of the Z-shaped interference waves is the first difficulty in removing the Z-shaped interference waves, and the problem influences whether the construction of the sub-waves of the Z-shaped interference waves is accurate or not; the attenuation law of the energy intensity of the Z-shaped interference wave cannot be determined, the common method is to use exponential function fitting, but different attenuation laws of the Z-shaped interference wave have differences, so that the attenuation coefficient of the Z-shaped interference wave cannot be accurately determined, and the problem influences whether the reconstructed Z-shaped interference wave energy is accurate or not. After the Z-shaped interference wave is constructed, the Z-shaped interference wave is usually subtracted from the seismic record in a depth domain or a time domain, and the constructed Z-shaped interference wave has inaccurate energy and cannot completely eliminate the energy of the Z-shaped interference wave, so that the suppression effect is poor.
At present, a good specific method for removing the zigzag interference waves does not exist, the influence of the zigzag interference waves on the quality of seismic data can be eliminated in the seismic data with a common signal-to-noise ratio, and a plurality of residual wave fields exist in the process of eliminating the zigzag interference waves.
The best method for eliminating the zigzag interference waves is to reconstruct the zigzag interference waves according to the regularity characteristics of the zigzag interference waves, the occurrence period repeatability and the slight difference between the zigzag interference waves and background energy (namely, effective energy of seismic data and other interference energy), and then eliminate the zigzag interference waves according to the position characteristics. However, the determination of the period and the position of the interference wave, and whether the constructed zigzag interference wave energy is well fitted with the original interference wave are all key factors influencing the elimination effect of the zigzag interference wave.
Therefore, a novel seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seismic data Z-shaped interference wave removing method which solves the problems of Z-shaped interference wave attenuation and removal generated in DAS data acquisition of a distributed optical fiber detector.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: method for removing Z-shaped interference wave of seismic data, and seismic dataThe data zigzag interference wave removing method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the distribution position and period of a Z-shaped interference wave; step 2, after the distribution position and the period rule of the interference wave are determined, intercepting and stacking each path of seismic data according to the distribution position and the period; step 3, obtaining a square window with a cycle of which the main component is a Z-shaped interference wave, taking the square window as a wavelet of the Z-shaped interference wave, and obtaining an attenuation coefficient according to the magnitude of a correlation function value; step 4, performing curvelet transform on the seismic data to obtain curvelet transform coefficient csAnd subtracting the information of the matched multiples from the seismic data by adopting a soft threshold value method.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, a starting position t of an ith channel of a direct wave is picked up through a seismic sectioniAnd the position of the Z-shaped interference wave is taken as the time window with the size of T, and T is more than nTmaxI.e. T is greater than the maximum period T of the zigzag interference wavemaxThen carrying out correlation operation to obtain the correlation data R of each seismic record from the initial position to the end of the dataii(τ)：
Wherein R isii(τ) represents the result of the correlation operation, yi(t) a function representing the ith trace of seismic data, tiIs the first arrival time of the ith data, and T is the length of the time window; and obtaining the period of the zigzag interference wave superposed in the seismic record through related data according to the periodicity of the energy change of the zigzag interference wave.
In step 2, in the original seismic record, from a start time tiAccording to the period length TZThe segmentation is carried out in a time window with the size of T, namely the j-th section of the seismic record is in a definition domain [ (T)i+(j-1)T),(ti+jT)]Obtaining n sections of seismic records A with values in the range and zero at other positionsijWhere i represents the ith seismic record and j represents the jth section of the n seismic records, the representation is as follows:
Aij(t)＝yi(t)，t∈[(ti+(j-1)T),(ti+jT)]
Aij(t) 0, t-2
Wherein j is 1,2,3, …, n; i belongs to TR; TR represents the set of seismic traces in which the interference waves are located, AijRepresenting the ith seismic record, yi(t) the table represents a function of the ith trace of seismic data;
time-shifting the recording of the j-th segment forward (t)i+ (j-1) T), and then correspondingly stacking each section of seismic record to obtain a Z-shaped interference wave wavelet AiSimilarly, according to the formula (2), AiThere is a value in the domain (0, T) and zero elsewhere, which is formulated as follows:
wherein the definition domain of the period time T is (0, T), and the value of i is TR; a. thei(t) represents the i-th interference wave wavelet, AijRepresenting the ith trace and the jth segment of the seismic record.
In step 3, the equation of the zigzag interference wave is expressed as follows:
Zi(t)＝e-αtAi (4)
wherein Z isi(t) represents the i-th interference wave, α is the attenuation coefficient, Ai(t) the ith interference wave wavelet;
according to the correlation property and the periodicity of the Z-shaped interference wave, the ratio of the correlation functions of adjacent windows is obtained, and the attenuation coefficient in the formula has the following relation:
wherein R isii(0) Indicating the result of the correlation operation at the start of the time window, Rii(T) represents a correlation operation result, alpha represents an attenuation coefficient, and T represents interference wave recording time; calculated as a zigzag interference wave from the correlation functionThe energy attenuation is used as the attenuation coefficient of the zigzag interference wave.
In step 4, the basic principle of the soft threshold method is to assign a coefficient smaller than the threshold to zero, and subtract the size of the threshold from the coefficient larger than the threshold, which is specifically expressed as follows:
wherein, C ″, issRepresenting the coefficient of the curved wave transformation, C, after subtraction of multiple wave formssCurvelet transform coefficients, C, representing the original seismic recordzA curvelet transform coefficient representing an interference wave, sgn being a step function; and matching and subtracting the seismic data and the simulated Z-shaped interference waves in a curvelet domain to obtain the seismic data after suppressing the Z-shaped interference waves.
The invention discloses a method for removing Z-shaped interference waves of seismic data, relates to the elimination of interference waves in the seismic data, and particularly relates to the treatment of the Z-shaped interference waves generated by a novel detector and the elimination of the influence of the interference waves on the quality of the seismic data. The method provides a time window for recording each earthquake record from the initial position of the first arrival wave, carries out correlation operation in the window, obtains correlation data with high resolution by utilizing the periodicity of the Z-shaped interference wave and the property of strongest energy at the position of the first arrival wave, and accurately picks up the distribution position of the Z-shaped interference wave and the period of the Z-shaped interference wave in each earthquake record from the correlation data. Then, intercepting and superposing each channel of seismic data according to the distribution position and the period to obtain the wavelet of the Z-shaped interference wave, obtaining the attenuation coefficient, further synthesizing the attenuated Z-shaped interference wave, then performing curvelet transformation on the seismic record and the synthesized Z-shaped interference wave, performing matched subtraction in a curvelet domain, and finally reconstructing the seismic signal to obtain the seismic record for suppressing the Z-shaped interference wave. The method is used for processing the seismic record, and the phenomenon that Z-shaped interference waves generated by the DAS cover the uplink P waves can be obviously seen in the seismic record. After the Z-shaped interference wave is suppressed, the Z-shaped interference wave suppression effect is very obvious, effective waves can be well highlighted, and high-quality earthquake records can be obtained. The invention realizes the identification, synthesis and removal of the Z-shaped interference wave, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired data and provides a high-quality reflection wave field for borehole seismic imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of seismic data including a Z-shaped interference wave in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of correlation processing of seismic data in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating simulated wavelets of a zig-zag interference wave in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of seismic data with Z-shaped interference waves removed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for removing Z-shaped interference waves from seismic data according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart of the seismic data zigzag interference wave removing method of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
when a vertical seismic profiling VSP data acquisition is performed by using a novel distributed acoustic wave sensor (DAS), a regular noise interference (zigzag interference wave) inevitably occurs, as shown in fig. 1, which has characteristics of linearity, periodicity, strong energy, and the like.
In step 101, in order to eliminate the zigzag interference wave, the distribution position and period of the zigzag interference wave need to be determined first.
Picking up the starting position t of the ith channel of the direct wave through a seismic sectioniAnd the position of the Z-shaped interference wave, and then taking a time window with the size of T (satisfying T > nT)maxI.e. T is greater than the maximum period T of the zigzag interference wavemaxN times of the original data), then carrying out correlation operation to obtain the phase of each seismic record from the initial position to the end of the dataOff data Rii(τ) shown in formula (1).
Wherein R isii(τ) represents the result of the correlation operation, yi(t) a function representing the ith trace of seismic data, tiIs the first arrival time of the ith data, and T is the time window length.
According to the periodicity of the energy change of the zigzag interference waves, the period of the zigzag interference waves overlapped in the seismic record can be obtained through related data.
As shown in FIG. 2, the abscissa of the horizontal line shown in the figure is the set TR of the seismic traces where the interference wave is located, the position and the length of the set TR represent the distribution range of the Z-shaped interference wave, the ordinate of the horizontal line is the sampling length, and the position of the set TR is the period T of the Z-shaped interference waveZ。
And step 102, after the distribution position and the period rule of the interference wave are determined, intercepting and stacking each channel of seismic data according to the distribution position and the period.
In the original seismic recording, from a start time tiAccording to the period length TZThe segmentation is carried out in a time window with the size of T, namely the j-th section of the seismic record is in a definition domain [ (T)i+(j-1)T),(ti+jT)]Obtaining n sections of seismic records A with values in the range and zero at other positionsij(i represents the ith seismic record and j represents the jth section of the n seismic records) as follows:
Aij(t)＝yi(t)，t∈[(ti+(j-1)T),(ti+jT)]
Aij(t) 0, t-2
Wherein j is 1,2,3, …, n; i ∈ TR. TR represents the set of seismic traces in which the interference waves are located, AijRepresenting the ith seismic record, yiThe (t) table represents a function of the ith trace of seismic data.
Time-shifting the recording of the j-th segment forward (t)i+ (j-1) T), then every section of seismic record canCorresponding phases are superposed to obtain a Z-shaped interference wave wavelet AiSimilarly, according to the formula (2), AiThere is a value in the domain (0, T) and zero elsewhere, which is formulated as follows:
wherein, the definition domain of the period time T is (0, T), and the value of i is TR. A. thei(t) represents the i-th interference wave wavelet, AijRepresenting the jth segment of the ith trace
And 103, obtaining a square window with a main component of a period being a Z-shaped interference wave, taking the square window as a wavelet of the Z-shaped interference wave, and obtaining an attenuation coefficient according to the magnitude of a correlation function value. The equation of the zigzag interference wave can be expressed as follows.
Zi(t)＝e-αtAi (4)
Wherein Z isi(t) represents the i-th interference wave, α is the attenuation coefficient, Ai(t) the ith interfering wave wavelet.
According to the correlation property and the periodicity of the zigzag interference wave, the ratio of the correlation functions of adjacent windows can be known, and the attenuation coefficient in the above formula has the following relationship.
Wherein R isii(0) Indicating the result of the correlation operation at the start of the time window, Rii(T) represents a correlation operation result, α represents an attenuation coefficient, and T represents an interference wave recording time.
The energy attenuation of the zigzag interference wave can be calculated according to the correlation function and is used as the attenuation coefficient of the zigzag interference wave.
The basic principle of the soft threshold method is to assign a coefficient smaller than the threshold value to zero, and subtract the value of the threshold value from the coefficient larger than the threshold value, which is specifically expressed as follows:
wherein, C ″, issRepresenting the coefficient of the curved wave transformation, C, after subtraction of multiple wave formssCurvelet transform coefficients, C, representing the original seismic recordzAnd sgn is a step function representing the coefficient of the curvelet transform of the interference wave.
The seismic data after the Z-shaped interference wave is suppressed as shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained by performing matched subtraction on the seismic data and the simulated Z-shaped interference wave in a curvelet domain.
Claims (1)
1. The seismic data zigzag interference wave removing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the distribution position and period of a Z-shaped interference wave;
step 2, after the distribution position and the period rule of the interference wave are determined, intercepting and stacking each path of seismic data according to the distribution position and the period;
step 3, obtaining a square window with a cycle of which the main component is a Z-shaped interference wave, taking the square window as a wavelet of the Z-shaped interference wave, and obtaining an attenuation coefficient according to the magnitude of a correlation function value;
step 4, performing curvelet transform on the seismic data to obtain curvelet transform coefficient csSubtracting the matched multiple information from the seismic data by adopting a soft threshold method;
in step 1, a starting position t of an ith channel of a direct wave is picked up through a seismic sectioniAnd the position of the Z-shaped interference wave is taken as the time window with the size of T, and T is more than nTmaxI.e. T is greater than the maximum period T of the zigzag interference wavemaxThen carrying out correlation operation to obtain the correlation data R of each seismic record from the initial position to the end of the dataii(τ)：
Wherein R isii(τ) represents the result of the correlation operation, yi(j) Function representing the jth segment of seismic data of the ith trace, tiThe method comprises the steps of representing the first arrival wave time of ith channel data, representing the length of a time window by T, and representing any time from the starting time to the ending time of a Z-shaped interference wave by tau; obtaining the period of the zigzag interference waves overlapped in the seismic record through related data according to the periodicity of the energy change of the zigzag interference waves;
in step 2, in the original seismic record, from a start time tiAccording to the period length TZThe segmentation is carried out in a time window with the size of T, namely the j-th section of the seismic record is in a definition domain [ (T)i+(j-1)T)，(ti+jT)]Obtaining n sections of seismic records A with values in the range and zero at other positionsijWhere i represents the ith seismic record and j represents the jth section of the n seismic records, the representation is as follows:
Aij(t)＝yi(t)，t∈[(ti+(j-1)T)，(ti+jT)]
Aij(t) 0, t-2
Where j ═ 1,2,3, …, n, i ∈ TR, TR indicates the set of seismic traces where the interference waves are located, aij(t) denotes the ith trace, jth seismic record, yi(T) represents a function of the ith trace of seismic data, T represents interference wave recording time, and T represents time window length;
time-shifting the recording of the j-th segment forward (t)i+ (j-1) T), and then correspondingly stacking each section of seismic record to obtain a Z-shaped interference wave wavelet AiSimilarly, according to the formula (2), AiThere is a value in the domain (0, T) and zero elsewhere, which is formulated as follows:
wherein T represents interference wave recording time, the definition domain is (0, T), i belongs to TR, TR represents the set of seismic channels where the interference waves are located, j is 1,2,3, …, n, Ai(t) represents the ith interference wave seismic record, Ai1(t+ti+ jT) represents the interference wave seismic record in the time window from the first to the j section of the i1 th track, T represents the length of the time window, TiRepresenting the first arrival time of the ith channel of data;
in step 3, the equation of the zigzag interference wave is expressed as follows:
Zi(t)＝e-αtAi (4)
wherein Z isi(t) represents the i-th interference wave, α represents the attenuation coefficient, AiRepresenting the ith channel of interference wave wavelet, and t representing the recording time of the interference wave;
according to the correlation property and the periodicity of the Z-shaped interference wave, the ratio of the correlation functions of adjacent windows is obtained, and the attenuation coefficient in the formula has the following relation:
wherein R isii(0) Indicating the result of the correlation operation at the start of the time window, Rii(T) represents a correlation operation result, alpha represents an attenuation coefficient, and T represents interference wave recording time; and calculating the energy attenuation of the zigzag interference wave according to the correlation function, and using the energy attenuation as an attenuation coefficient of the zigzag interference wave.
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