CN110261696B - Monitoring and analyzing system for electric energy quality of power grid - Google Patents
Monitoring and analyzing system for electric energy quality of power grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261696B CN110261696B CN201910534375.9A CN201910534375A CN110261696B CN 110261696 B CN110261696 B CN 110261696B CN 201910534375 A CN201910534375 A CN 201910534375A CN 110261696 B CN110261696 B CN 110261696B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 251
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring and analyzing system for electric energy quality of a power grid. The utility model belongs to the technical field of power generation and power supply, thereby the silt of reservoir bottom surface is difficult for entering into in the pipeline and reduces the silt and cause the striking to destroy pipeline inner wall and hydraulic turbine blade. Comprises a pumped storage power station; the pumped storage power station comprises a reservoir, a water turbine and a pipeline, wherein two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected to a water outlet of the reservoir and a water inlet of the water turbine in a butt joint mode, and can guide water of the reservoir to the water turbine; a reservoir water outlet is arranged on the reservoir bottom surface of the reservoir, a reservoir bottom sealing plate with a plate hole in the middle is arranged on the reservoir inner bottom surface at the reservoir water outlet, and the upper port of the pipeline is in butt joint, airtight and fixed connection on the plate hole of the reservoir bottom sealing plate; the plate hole of the reservoir bottom sealing plate is upwards provided with a first vertical pipe, a second vertical pipe is vertically arranged in the first vertical pipe in a sliding manner, the upper pipe orifice of the second vertical pipe is fixedly connected with a water inlet cover, and the upper surface of the water inlet cover is respectively provided with an auxiliary hole, a vertical cover hole and a plurality of water inlet holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation and supply, in particular to a monitoring and analyzing system for electric energy quality of a power grid.
Background
Sediment on the bottom surface of a reservoir of the conventional pumped storage power station easily enters the pipeline, so that impact damage of the sediment on the inner wall of the pipeline and the blades of the water turbine is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a monitoring and analyzing system for electric energy quality of a power grid, which aims to solve the defects that sediment on the bottom surface of a reservoir of the existing pumped storage power station is easy to enter a pipeline so as to reduce impact damage of the sediment on the inner wall of the pipeline and a water turbine blade, and the sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is difficult to enter the pipeline so as to reduce impact damage of the sediment on the inner wall of the pipeline and the water turbine blade.
The technical problems are solved by the following technical proposal:
The monitoring and analyzing system for the electric energy quality of the power grid comprises a pumped storage power station; the pumped storage power station comprises a reservoir, a water turbine and a pipeline, wherein two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected to a water outlet of the reservoir and a water inlet of the water turbine in a butt joint mode, and can guide water of the reservoir to the water turbine; a reservoir water outlet is arranged on the reservoir bottom surface of the reservoir, a reservoir bottom sealing plate with a plate hole in the middle is arranged on the reservoir inner bottom surface at the reservoir water outlet, and the upper port of the pipeline is in butt joint, airtight and fixed connection on the plate hole of the reservoir bottom sealing plate; a first vertical pipe is arranged upwards at a plate hole of the bottom sealing plate, and the pipe center line of the first vertical pipe and the hole center line of the plate hole of the bottom sealing plate fall on the same vertical straight line; a second vertical pipe is arranged in the first vertical pipe in a vertically sliding manner, a water inlet cover is fixedly connected to the upper pipe orifice of the second vertical pipe, and an auxiliary hole, a vertical cover hole and a plurality of water inlet holes are respectively formed in the upper surface of the water inlet cover; the water inlet cover is fixedly sleeved with a circular plate, gears are arranged on the upper surface of the circular plate along the circumferential surface of the circular plate, four horizontal rods are uniformly distributed around the circular plate outwards, the outer end of each horizontal rod is fixedly connected with a pressure plate, and the two ends of the pressure plate are tilted upwards; the upper end of a third vertical pipe is vertically and fixedly connected in the vertical cover hole; a side wall hole is formed in the side wall of the third vertical pipe, and two ends of an inclined pipe are respectively and closely fixedly connected to the auxiliary hole and the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe in a butt joint mode; the lower end of the first rotating shaft is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the third vertical pipe, a circular ring block is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft above the vertical cover hole, and a ball capable of rolling on the upper surface of the water inlet cover is arranged on the lower surface of the circular ring block; the upper end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first rotating shaft, and a spiral blade is arranged on the second rotating shaft; the diameter of the second rotating shaft is smaller than that of the first rotating shaft, and the spiral blade is positioned below a side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; the lower end of the first rotating shaft is positioned above the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; a first gear is arranged on the first rotating shaft above the circular block, a third rotating shaft is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the first rotating shaft, a fourth rotating shaft is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the third rotating shaft, and a fifth rotating shaft is horizontally and rightwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the fourth rotating shaft; a second gear which has a diameter larger than that of the first gear and is mutually meshed with the first gear for driving connection is arranged on the third rotating shaft; a third rotating shaft positioned below the second gear is provided with a third gear with the diameter smaller than that of the first gear; a fourth gear which has a diameter larger than that of the second gear and is mutually meshed with the third gear for driving connection is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft; a first conical gear is arranged on a fourth rotating shaft positioned below the fourth gear; a first steering gear which is in meshed driving connection with the first conical gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the fifth rotating shaft; a vertical rotating disc is vertically and fixedly arranged at the right end of the fifth rotating shaft, and a gear which can be mutually meshed with a gear on the circular plate for driving connection is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of one half of the vertical rotating disc; the other outer circumferential surfaces of the vertical rotating disc are smooth arc surfaces which are not contacted with gears on the annular plate;
The pumped storage power station also comprises a controller, a lower water tank, a transfer tank, a lower water suction pipe which is provided with a lower water suction pump and can pump water of the lower water tank into the transfer tank, and an upper water suction pipe which is provided with an upper water suction pump and can pump water of the transfer tank into a reservoir; the transfer pool is arranged between the reservoir and the lower pool; a reservoir water level sensor capable of detecting the water level of the reservoir is arranged in the reservoir, and a transfer pool water level sensor capable of detecting the water level of the transfer pool is arranged in the transfer pool; the upper and lower pipe orifices of the lower water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the transfer pool and in the lower pool, and the upper and lower pipe orifices of the upper water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the reservoir and in the transfer pool; the reservoir water level sensor, the transfer pool water level sensor, the control end of the upper water suction pump and the control end of the lower water suction pump are respectively connected with the controller; the water exiting the turbine is directed into the lower basin through a drain.
After the upper water suction pump and the lower water suction pump are started, water in the lower water tank can be pumped into the reservoir for recycling. The water in the reservoir is led to the water turbine of the pumped-storage power station through a pipeline. The sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is not easy to enter the pipeline, so that the impact damage of the sediment to the inner wall of the pipeline and the blades of the water turbine is reduced, and the reliability is good.
Preferably, a water depth scale line capable of measuring the water surface height is arranged on the inner wall surface of the reservoir, and a camera with a control end capable of observing the water surface height connected with the controller is arranged on the reservoir at the water depth scale line.
The invention can achieve the following effects:
the sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is not easy to enter the pipeline, so that impact damage of the sediment to the inner wall of the pipeline and the blades of the water turbine is reduced, and the reliability is good. After the upper water suction pump and the lower water suction pump are started, water in the lower water tank can be pumped into the reservoir for recycling. The water in the reservoir is led to the water turbine of the pumped-storage power station through a pipeline.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit principle connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a pumped-storage power plant according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimal solution x (t) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optimal solution u (t) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an enlarged connection structure in a top view of an inner ring plate of a reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a side view enlarged connection structure of a pressure plate in a reservoir according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a sump of a pumped-storage power station according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is disposed on a second pipe of a pipeline.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an enlarged connection structure at the oscillation elimination vertical pipe of the pumped-storage power plant according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional connection structure of a pipe water hammer damage reduction strategy device of a pumped-storage power station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional connection structure at a water inlet cap in a reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram of an analog signal input conditioning circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of a compound switch according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a pumped-storage power plant according to an embodiment of the invention when water is present in the pipeline.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a pressure regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a connection structure in a use state when sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is shallow, the pressure plate is not pressed on the sediment, and the second vertical pipe is not extended upward.
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing a connection structure in a use state when sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is relatively high, and the pressure plate is pressed on the sediment, and the second vertical pipe is extended upward.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a top view connection structure of a vertical hole of a closed slider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In an embodiment, a system for monitoring and analyzing the power quality of a power grid is shown in fig. 1-17.
The system comprises an energy storage control and monitoring platform 15, a power supply network 14, a plurality of power utilization units 13 connected to the power supply network and a plurality of pumped storage power stations 1 arranged at different positions; the pumped storage power station comprises a reservoir 38, a water turbine 35 and a pipeline 40, wherein two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected with a water outlet 41 of the reservoir and a water inlet 42 of the water turbine in a butt joint mode, and can guide water 98 of the reservoir to the water turbine; the pumped storage power station is also respectively provided with a wireless module 16, a stored electricity control power generation efficiency strategy module 17, a memory 18, a grid-connected device 2 and a controller 12; the grid-connected device comprises a first transformer 3, a first voltage sampling circuit 4, a switch K1, a charger 5, an energy storage battery pack 6, a switch K2, an inverter 7, a filter 8, a second transformer 9, a second voltage sampling circuit 10, a switch K3 and a third voltage sampling circuit 11 which are respectively connected with the controller; the input end of the first transformer and the input end of the charger are connected to the power output end of the pumped storage power station; the output end of the first transformer and the acquisition end of the first voltage sampling circuit are both connected to one end of a switch K1, and the other end of the switch K1 is connected to a power supply network; the charging end of the energy storage battery pack is connected with the output end of the charger, two ends of the switch K3 are respectively connected with the discharging end of the energy storage battery pack and the input end of the inverter, the output end of the inverter is connected with the input end of the filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of the second transformer, the output end of the second transformer and the sampling end of the second voltage sampling circuit are both connected with one end of the switch K2, and the other end of the switch K2 is connected with the power supply network; the sampling end of the third voltage sampling circuit is connected to the power supply network; the electricity storage quantity control power generation efficiency strategy module, the wireless module and the memory are respectively connected with the controller; the controller is connected with the energy storage control monitoring platform through the wireless module.
The switch K1 and the switch K2 are both composite switches capable of precisely zero-crossing switching. See fig. 12.
The composite switch comprises a first node 701, a second node 702, a silicon controlled switch K b, a magnetic latching relay switch K c, a node M a, an inductor L a, a node M b, a capacitor Ca, a diode D 1, a diode D 2, a diode D 3, a diode D 4, a capacitor C 0, a photoelectric coupler OPT, a resistor R 0, a self-powered power supply module 901, a magnetic driving power circuit 502, a silicon driving circuit 503 and a controller, wherein the photoelectric coupler OPT comprises a light emitting diode D 5 and a phototransistor Q 0; one end of a controllable silicon switch K b and one end of a magnetic latching relay switch K c are respectively connected with a first node, the other end of a controllable silicon switch K b, the other end of a magnetic latching relay switch K c, one end of an inductor L a, the positive end of a diode D 1 and the negative end of a diode D 3 are respectively connected with a node M a, the other end of the inductor L a, one end of a capacitor Ca and one end of a capacitor C 0 are respectively connected with a node M b, the other end of the capacitor Ca is connected with a second node, the positive end of the diode D 2 and the negative end of the diode D 4 are both connected with the other end of a capacitor C 0, the negative end of the diode D 1 and the negative end of the diode D 2 are both connected with the positive end of the light emitting diode D 5, the positive end of the diode D 3 and the positive end of the diode D 4 are both connected with the negative end of the light emitting diode D 5, the emitting electrode of the light emitting diode Q 0 is grounded, the positive end of the light emitting diode Q 0 is respectively connected with a resistor R 0 and a driving circuit, the collector of the light emitting diode Q 0 is respectively connected with the collector of the resistor R 0, the driving circuit is electrically connected with the other end of the controllable silicon switch and the magnetic latching circuit, and the control circuit is respectively connected with the other end of the controllable silicon 0.
When the thyristor switch K b is turned on, under the condition that the magnetic latching relay switch K c is not turned off yet, the magnetic latching relay switch K c at this time is also turned on, that is, the thyristor switch K b and the magnetic latching relay switch K c are simultaneously turned on at this time. Since the thyristor switch K b branch has the on-resistance of the inductance L a, it is apparent that the impedance of the magnetic latching relay switch K c branch is much smaller than the impedance of the thyristor switch K b branch, and thus the current flowing through the magnetic latching relay switch K c is greater than the current flowing through the thyristor switch K b branch. If the magnetic latching relay switch K c does not open the contact at the current zero crossing point, the contact is extremely easy to damage. According to the scheme, the accurate time point when the zero crossing point of the current I 1 of the branch circuit of the inductor L a is obtained, the controller sends a control signal to disconnect the contact of the magnetic latching relay switch K c, the magnetic latching relay switch K c is closed or opened when the current is smaller, and therefore the contact on the magnetic latching relay switch K c is not easy to burn out, the service life of the magnetic latching relay switch K c is effectively prolonged, the service life of the compound switch is prolonged, and the magnetic latching relay switch is simple in structure and high in reliability.
When the power supply system is used, the output end of the first transformer and the acquisition end of the first voltage sampling circuit are both connected to a first node of a compound switch, and a second node of the compound switch is connected to a power supply network. Similarly, the output end of the second transformer and the sampling end of the second voltage sampling circuit are both connected to a first node of another compound switch, and a second node of the compound switch is connected to a power supply network. The power is supplied through zero-crossing switching, and the voltage is little in damage to the power grid. The reliability is good.
And part of electricity generated by the pumped storage power station is stored on the energy storage battery pack, and the stored electricity is used for controlling the power generation efficiency, so that the power supply stability of the pumped storage power station is good.
The pumped storage power station also comprises a lower water tank 27, a transit tank 25, a lower water suction pipe 26 which is provided with a lower water suction pump 23 and can pump water of the lower water tank into the transit tank, and an upper water suction pipe 24 which is provided with an upper water suction pump 80 and can pump water of the transit tank into a reservoir; the transfer pool is arranged between the reservoir and the lower pool; a reservoir water level sensor 81 capable of detecting the water level of the reservoir is arranged in the reservoir, and a transfer pool water level sensor 82 capable of detecting the water level of the transfer pool is arranged in the transfer pool; the upper and lower pipe orifices of the lower water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the transfer pool and in the lower pool, and the upper and lower pipe orifices of the upper water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the reservoir and in the transfer pool; the reservoir water level sensor, the transfer pool water level sensor, the control end of the upper water suction pump and the control end of the lower water suction pump are respectively connected with the controller. The water exiting the turbine 35 is directed into the lower basin by a drain 79.
After the upper water suction pump and the lower water suction pump are started, water in the lower water tank can be pumped into the reservoir for recycling. The water from the reservoir is led via a pipe to the turbine 35 of the pumped-storage power station.
The pumped storage power station also comprises a display 19 and a voice prompt 20, which are respectively connected with the controller.
The pumped storage power station also comprises an analog signal input conditioning circuit 21 and an electricity consumption adjusting knob 22 which are respectively connected with the controller. See fig. 11.
The pumped storage power station also comprises a water pump abnormality detection method, wherein the water pump abnormality detection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that power utilization gears corresponding to the lower water suction pump at different water suction speeds are stored in a memory in advance; when the power consumption adjusting knob is used, a user slowly adjusts the power consumption adjusting knob from the minimum power consumption gear to the maximum power consumption gear, the analog signal is input into the conditioning circuit to detect the pumping speed corresponding to each power consumption gear of the power consumption adjusting knob, and the controller judges whether the pumping speed of the lower pumping pump corresponding to each detected power consumption gear reaches the normal range of the pumping speed corresponding to the prestored power consumption gear. If the pumping speed does not reach the normal range, judging a fault, controlling a display to display abnormal pumping speed information of the lower pumping pump by the controller, and controlling a voice prompt to send out a voice alarm prompt, otherwise, controlling the display to output normal pumping speed information of the lower pumping pump by the controller;
When the pumping speed of the water pump is abnormal, the fact that the lower water pump pumps the same amount of water consumes more electricity is indicated, and the fact that the lower water pump has abnormal pumping at the moment is indicated, and the lower water pump needs to be replaced or maintained. The device can remind a user in time when the pumping speed of the lower water pump is abnormal, has high detection precision and low misjudgment rate and missed judgment rate, and improves maintenance efficiency. The same can also judge the abnormal information of the upper water pump.
The implementation method of the optimal strategy of the electricity storage quantity control generating efficiency strategy module comprises the following steps:
The continuous power generation function of the pumped storage power station can be met as the power generation efficiency and the stored power of the pumped storage power station need to be stabilized within a preset level range; if the electricity sales quantity can be accurately predicted, the electricity generation efficiency strategy can be controlled according to the stored electricity quantity:
Firstly, obtaining an optimal control function;
Recording the electricity storage quantity at the moment t as x (t), and the electricity generation quantity and the electricity selling quantity in unit time as u (t) and v (t) respectively, so that the electricity storage quantity and the electricity selling quantity meet the requirements
Where v (t) is a known function,
The preset generated energy and stored energy are respectively marked as u 0 and x 0, the generated energy u (t) and the stored energy x (t) are respectively stabilized on the levels of u 0 and x 0 as far as possible, and a quadratic objective function is obtained after the control function u (t) is obtained
To a minimum, where T is any given time, is a weighting factor used to adjust the importance between u (T) stability and x (T) stability, and apply a dimension with the inverse of time;
the stored energy x (T) in (1) and (2) is a state function, and the stored energy is zero when t=0 and t=t can be set for the sake of determination, namely, the fixed endpoint condition
x(0)＝0，x(T)＝0 (3)
In addition, there is a constraint on the amount of power generation and the amount of power storage, and this constraint is expressed as
0≤u(t)≤um,0≤x(t)≤xm (4)
Under the constraint conditions (1), (3) and (4), u (t) is calculated so that the generalized function F of the formula (2) reaches the minimum value;
Solving the formula (1) for the substitution of u (t) into the formula (2) and writing the formula as a generalized function of x (t)
The condition (4) is temporarily not considered, the (3) and (5) form a generalized function extremum problem of an inherent endpoint, and the optimal solution x (t) is obtained by solving a variational method and then substituted into the (1), so that an optimal control function can be obtained;
Then, the control quantity u can be determined according to the state x easy to observe;
to simplify the solving process, the sold electric quantity is set to be a known constant, namely
v(t)＝v0 (6)
Substituting (6) into (5) to obtain optimal solution x (t) according to Euler equation to satisfy equation
I.e.
The solution of equation (7) under the end point condition (3) is
Substituting (8) into (1) to obtain
(8) And (9) an optimal state function and an optimal control function respectively;
Obtained by the two formulas (8) and (9)
Let T → infinity, for any finite T, the last term at the right end of the above formula tends to zero, so there is
The above expression (11) shows that the power generation amount control function u can be directly determined from the stored power state x without involving the time independent variable t, and u decreases as x increases, which is called state negative feedback that can determine the control amount u from the state x that is easy to observe;
Finally, obtaining an optimal solution of the original problem of the constraint condition (4);
Looking at constraint (4), two expressions (8) and (9) can be re-expressed as using hyperbolic functions
Drawing a schematic diagram of optimal solutions x (t) and u (t) according to formulas (12) and (13), and as long as x m≥x0 is x, x (t) is not less than 0 and not more than x m, namely x (t) meets the condition (4); whereas the parameters given for x m and x 0 should naturally have x m≥x0, on the other hand, because
So that as long as u (0). Ltoreq.u m, u (T). Gtoreq.0, there is 0.ltoreq.u (T). Ltoreq.u m, under such conditions, x (T), u (T) given by the two formulas (8), (9) are also optimal solutions taking into account the original problem of constraint (4); thus, the optimal strategy for controlling the power generation efficiency by the stored electricity can be obtained.
The sales quantity can be preset or can be accurately predicted, and the prediction accurate value of the sales quantity can be obtained according to historical sales data.
According to the embodiment, a part of electricity generated by the pumped storage power station is stored on the energy storage battery pack, and the stored electricity is used for controlling the power generation efficiency, so that the power supply stability of the pumped storage power station is good.
The pipeline comprises a first pipe 37 and a second pipe 36 with the diameter larger than that of the first pipe; the lower end of the second pipe is in butt joint connection with the water inlet of the water turbine, the upper end of the second pipe is integrally in butt joint connection with the lower port of the first pipe, and the upper port of the first pipe is in butt joint connection with the water outlet of the reservoir;
the pumped storage power station also comprises a pipeline water hammer damage reduction strategy device 39, and a first side wall hole 33 is arranged on the second pipe; the pipeline water hammer damage reduction strategy device comprises a water sump 32 with an opening 44 at the upper end of a sump cavity 43, a communicating pipe 34 and a water wave elimination device 78; two ends of the communicating pipe are respectively connected with a water outlet at the bottom of the water bin and a first side wall hole of the second pipe in a butt joint manner;
The water wave eliminating device comprises a plurality of cross bars 28, two ends of which are horizontally spaced and fixedly connected to the upper side wall in the bin cavity; a plurality of oscillation eliminating vertical pipes 29 are vertically and downwards arranged on each cross rod, and a plurality of oscillation eliminating side pipe holes 31 are arranged on the side pipe wall of each oscillation eliminating vertical pipe; the included angle between the first pipe and the horizontal plane is theta.
An oscillation elimination block 30 with the outer end facing downwards is fixedly arranged on the oscillation elimination vertical pipe above each oscillation elimination side pipe hole. The vibration eliminating block is used for pressing water which oscillates from bottom to top into the vibration eliminating vertical pipe, and the vibration eliminating effect is good.
The plurality of oscillation elimination side pipe holes on the same oscillation elimination vertical pipe are arranged in a spiral mode.
The lower limiting block 83 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bin cavity of the water bin above the cross rod, the airtight sliding plate 84 capable of sliding up and down in an airtight manner is arranged in the bin cavity of the water bin above the lower limiting block, the fixed reinforcing rod 86 is arranged in the bin cavity of the water bin above the airtight sliding plate, and two ends of the spring 85 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower surface of the fixed reinforcing rod and the upper surface of the airtight sliding plate.
A plurality of side holes 97 are also arranged on the pipeline along the pipeline, and the side holes are arranged at different heights of the pipeline; each side hole is respectively provided with a pressure regulating device 980; the pressure regulating device comprises a connecting pipe 87 and a pressure regulating cavity 90, wherein the pressure regulating cavity is vertically arranged, the side wall of the inner cavity of the pressure regulating cavity is a vertical wall, a vent 96 is arranged on the upper top surface of the pressure regulating cavity, a lower through hole 91 is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the pressure regulating cavity, and a closed sliding block 93 is arranged in the cavity of the pressure regulating cavity in a vertically airtight sliding manner; a lower limit ring 89 is arranged in the pressure regulating cavity below the closed slide block, an upper ejector rod 95 is arranged in the pressure regulating cavity above the closed slide block, and two ends of a spring 94 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper ejector rod and the upper surface of the closed slide block respectively; two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively connected with the side hole of the pipeline and the lower through hole of the lower bottom surface of the pressure regulating cavity in a butt joint way; a solenoid valve 88 with a control end connected with the controller is arranged on the connecting pipe.
A plurality of vertical holes 92 are provided in the closing slide.
The upper surface of the closed sliding block comprises an inner ring region 205, an intermediate ring region 203 and an outer ring region 201, and the circle center of the inner ring region, the circle center of the intermediate ring region and the circle center of the outer ring region are coincident with the center of the upper surface of the closed sliding block; the plurality of vertical through holes comprise a plurality of pairs of inner ring vertical through holes 206, a plurality of pairs of middle ring vertical through holes 204 and a plurality of pairs of outer ring vertical through holes 202; the pairs of inner ring vertical through holes are symmetrically arranged in the inner ring area; the plurality of centering ring vertical through holes are symmetrically arranged in the centering ring area; the outer ring vertical through holes are symmetrically arranged in the outer ring area.
The diameter of the inner ring vertical through hole is larger than that of the middle ring vertical through hole, the diameter of the middle ring vertical through hole is larger than that of the outer ring vertical through hole, and the diameter of the inner ring vertical through hole is smaller than one centimeter.
When water is required to be shut down or turbine power generation is required to be reduced, the electromagnetic valve is opened under the control of the controller, and the water impact action in the pipeline can be dispersed into each pressure regulating cavity, so that the damage of the pipeline water impact action of the pumped storage power station is reduced, the porous arrangement of the vertical holes can greatly reduce the damage of the pipeline water impact action, and the reliability is good.
A water depth scale line 207 capable of measuring the water surface height is arranged on the inner wall surface of the reservoir, and a camera 208 with a control end capable of observing the water surface height connected with a controller is arranged on the reservoir at the water depth scale line.
A wireless directional transceiver 209, a satellite timer 210, a GPS locator 211 and an address encoder 212 which are respectively connected with the controller are also arranged on the pumped storage power station.
The method for realizing the optimal strategy for reducing the pipeline water hammer of the strategy device for reducing the pipeline water hammer damage comprises the following steps:
according to Newton's second law of mechanics, the sum of forces acting in the direction of water flow in the first tube is
Wherein ρ is the density of water, L is the length of the first tube, s 1 is the sectional area of the first tube, y is the water flow speed in the first tube, m 2 is the pressure of water at the water outlet at the lower end of the first tube, m 1 is the pressure of water at the water inlet at the upper end of the first tube, g is the gravity constant, θ is the included angle between the first tube and the horizontal plane, and c is the viscosity coefficient;
y (t) is the water flow speed of the first pipe at time t, and m 2 (t) is the pressure of water at the water outlet at the lower end of the first pipe at time t;
the water level of the reservoir is unchanged, so that the pressure m 1 of water at the water inlet at the upper end of the first pipe is constant;
The water and the first pipe are inelastic, the resistance of the pipe wall of unit length to water flow is inversely proportional to the square of the water flow speed, and the proportionality constant c is called as the viscosity coefficient;
(II) because the water inlet of the water bin is arranged at the bottom of the water bin, the gravity ρs 0 hg of the water column in the water bin forms the difference s 1m2-s0m1 between the bottom pressure and the top pressure, and then the hydrostatic equation of the water bin is that
s1m2-s0m1＝ρs0hg (A2)
Wherein h is the water level height of the water sump, and s 0 is the cross section area of the water sump;
Thirdly, according to the law of conservation of energy, the difference between the water inlet and the water outlet of the water bin is equal to the change of the water quantity in the water bin, namely
Wherein s 2 is the cross section area of the second pipe, and w (t) is the water flow speed of the water outlet of the water bin at time t;
When the water flow speed w (t) of the water outlet of the water bin is changed, the change rule of the water level h (t) in the water bin is eliminated from the formulas (A1) - (A3), and m 2 and y (t) can be obtained
Wherein h (t) is the water level height of the water bin at time t;
When w (t) has a slight change near steady state w 0, h (t) also changes near steady state h 0; let h (t) =h 0 and w (t) =w 0,h0 and w 0 be constants in formula (A4), to obtain
Wherein m 0 is the top atmospheric pressure,
Let w (t) =w 0+εw1(t),h(t)＝h0+εh1 (t) (A6)
Wherein ε is small, substituting (A6) into (A4) and omitting the term containing ε and ε 2 can be obtained
Or is recorded as
The initial condition of equation (A8) can be set as
For a given variety of forms w 1 (t), the equations (A8) - (A10) can be readily solved, and the general solution for equation (A8) can be as follows
Wherein ζ 0、 is an arbitrary constant; when/> /> exhibits oscillation, the oscillation condition of formula (A9) can be expressed as
In practical engineering, the parameters s 1、s0、L、s2 are limited by various conditions, but after engineering construction is finished, the parameters s 1、s0、L、s2 are all known parameters, the viscosity coefficient c is small, the eta is not large, vibration with slow attenuation is formed under the condition (A12), and because s 0＞s1 and L are large, k is small, omega is small, the oscillation period of water in a water sump is long, which is not desirable, so that the method for realizing the optimal strategy of reducing the pipeline water hammer by arranging a strategy device for reducing the pipeline water hammer damage in the water sump is used for eliminating the oscillation of the water in the water sump.
The embodiment reduces the damage of the pipe water hammer action through the pipe water hammer damage reduction strategy device; when water in the bin cavity of the water bin oscillates up and down, the oscillation of the water can disappear quickly by eliminating the vertical pipes through the oscillation elimination of the plurality of oscillation pipes with holes, and the reliability is high.
The reservoir water outlet is arranged on the reservoir bottom surface 41 of the reservoir, a reservoir bottom first sealing slide plate 46 with a plate hole 45 in the middle is arranged on the reservoir inner bottom surface at the reservoir water outlet, and the upper port of the first pipe is in butt joint sealing and fixed connection with the plate hole of the reservoir bottom first sealing slide plate; a first vertical pipe 47 is arranged upwards at the plate hole of the first airtight slide plate at the bottom of the warehouse, and the pipe core line of the first vertical pipe and the hole core line of the plate hole of the first airtight slide plate at the bottom of the warehouse are all located on the same vertical straight line; a second vertical pipe 48 is arranged in the first vertical pipe in a vertically sliding manner, a water inlet cover 73 is fixedly connected to the upper pipe orifice of the second vertical pipe, and an auxiliary hole 68, a vertical cover hole 74 and a plurality of water inlet holes 69 are respectively arranged on the upper surface of the water inlet cover; the side surface of the water inlet cover is fixedly sleeved with a circular ring plate 51, the upper surface of the circular ring plate is provided with gears 55 along the circumferential surface of the circular ring plate, four horizontal rods 52 are uniformly distributed outwards around the circular ring plate, the outer end of each horizontal rod is fixedly connected with a pressure plate 53, and the two ends of the pressure plate are tilted upwards 54; the upper end of a third vertical pipe 49 is vertically and fixedly connected in the vertical cover hole; a side wall hole 72 is arranged on the side wall of the third vertical pipe, and two ends of an inclined pipe 70 are respectively sealed, fixedly connected to the auxiliary hole and the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe in a butt joint manner; the lower end of a first rotating shaft 71 is horizontally and rotatably arranged in a third vertical pipe, a circular ring block 66 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft above the vertical cover hole, and a ball 67 capable of rolling on the upper surface of the water inlet cover is arranged on the lower surface of the circular ring block; the upper end of a second rotating shaft 75 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first rotating shaft, and a spiral blade 50 is arranged on the second rotating shaft; the diameter of the second rotating shaft is smaller than that of the first rotating shaft, and the spiral blade is positioned below a side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; the lower end of the first rotating shaft is positioned above the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; a first gear 65 is arranged on the first rotating shaft above the circular block, a third rotating shaft 62 is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the first rotating shaft, a fourth rotating shaft 61 is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the third rotating shaft, and a fifth rotating shaft 59 is horizontally and rightwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the fourth rotating shaft; a second gear 64 which has a diameter larger than that of the first gear and is mutually meshed with the first gear for driving connection is arranged on the third rotating shaft; a third gear 63 with a diameter smaller than that of the first gear is arranged on a third rotating shaft below the second gear; a fourth gear 76 which has a diameter larger than that of the second gear and is mutually meshed with the third gear for driving connection is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft; a first conical gear 60 is arranged on a fourth rotating shaft positioned below the fourth gear; a first steering gear 77 which is in meshed driving connection with the first conical gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the fifth rotating shaft; a vertical rotating disc 58 is vertically and fixedly arranged at the right end of the fifth rotating shaft, and a gear 56 which can be mutually meshed with a gear on the circular plate for driving connection is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of one half of the vertical rotating disc; the remaining outer circumferential surface of the vertical rotating disk is a smooth circular arc surface 57 which is not in contact with the gears on the circular plate.
Let the water inlet of a tub always be located the top of reservoir bottom surface silt 99, the silt of reservoir bottom surface is difficult for entering into a tub, reduces the damage of silt to pipeline and hydraulic turbine, and the security is good.
The embodiment has network monitoring, stores a part of electricity sent by the pumped storage power station on the energy storage battery pack, and uses the stored electricity to control the power generation efficiency, so that the power supply stability of the pumped storage power station is good, the generated energy of the pumped storage power station is small due to the fact that the water quantity of a reservoir is small, the battery pack is started to generate electricity outwards, the power supply stability of the pumped storage power station is good, the damage of the water impact effect of a pipeline can be reduced, and sediment on the bottom surface of the reservoir is not easy to enter the pipeline, so that the impact damage of the sediment on the inner wall of the pipeline and the blades of a water turbine is reduced. When the load demand is lower and the water quantity required by the water turbine is lower, a large amount of water is stored in the water sump, and the water level in the water sump is higher; when the load demand suddenly increases, the water in the water bin can be used for meeting the water quantity increase of the water turbine, and the phenomenon that the water impact effect of the pipeline is greatly damaged due to the sudden large change of the water flow velocity in the pipeline is avoided.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not limited to the above examples, and various changes or modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The monitoring and analyzing system for the electric energy quality of the power grid comprises a pumped storage power station; the pumped storage power station comprises a reservoir, a water turbine and a pipeline, wherein two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected to a water outlet of the reservoir and a water inlet of the water turbine in a butt joint mode, and can guide water of the reservoir to the water turbine; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
A reservoir water outlet is arranged on the reservoir bottom surface of the reservoir, a reservoir bottom sealing plate with a plate hole in the middle is arranged on the reservoir inner bottom surface at the reservoir water outlet, and the upper port of the pipeline is in butt joint, airtight and fixed connection on the plate hole of the reservoir bottom sealing plate; a first vertical pipe is arranged upwards at a plate hole of the bottom sealing plate, and the pipe center line of the first vertical pipe and the hole center line of the plate hole of the bottom sealing plate fall on the same vertical straight line; a second vertical pipe is arranged in the first vertical pipe in a vertically sliding manner, a water inlet cover is fixedly connected to the upper pipe orifice of the second vertical pipe, and an auxiliary hole, a vertical cover hole and a plurality of water inlet holes are respectively formed in the upper surface of the water inlet cover; the water inlet cover is fixedly sleeved with a circular plate, gears are arranged on the upper surface of the circular plate along the circumferential surface of the circular plate, four horizontal rods are uniformly distributed around the circular plate outwards, the outer end of each horizontal rod is fixedly connected with a pressure plate, and the two ends of the pressure plate are tilted upwards; the upper end of a third vertical pipe is vertically and fixedly connected in the vertical cover hole; a side wall hole is formed in the side wall of the third vertical pipe, and two ends of an inclined pipe are respectively and closely fixedly connected to the auxiliary hole and the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe in a butt joint mode; the lower end of the first rotating shaft is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the third vertical pipe, a circular ring block is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft above the vertical cover hole, and a ball capable of rolling on the upper surface of the water inlet cover is arranged on the lower surface of the circular ring block; the upper end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first rotating shaft, and a spiral blade is arranged on the second rotating shaft; the diameter of the second rotating shaft is smaller than that of the first rotating shaft, and the spiral blade is positioned below a side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; the lower end of the first rotating shaft is positioned above the side wall hole of the third vertical pipe; a first gear is arranged on the first rotating shaft above the circular block, a third rotating shaft is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the first rotating shaft, a fourth rotating shaft is vertically upwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the third rotating shaft, and a fifth rotating shaft is horizontally and rightwards arranged on the water inlet cover positioned on the right of the fourth rotating shaft; a second gear which has a diameter larger than that of the first gear and is mutually meshed with the first gear for driving connection is arranged on the third rotating shaft; a third rotating shaft positioned below the second gear is provided with a third gear with the diameter smaller than that of the first gear; a fourth gear which has a diameter larger than that of the second gear and is mutually meshed with the third gear for driving connection is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft; a first conical gear is arranged on a fourth rotating shaft positioned below the fourth gear; a first steering gear which is in meshed driving connection with the first conical gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the fifth rotating shaft; a vertical rotating disc is vertically and fixedly arranged at the right end of the fifth rotating shaft, and a gear which can be mutually meshed with a gear on the circular plate for driving connection is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of one half of the vertical rotating disc; the other outer circumferential surfaces of the vertical rotating disc are smooth arc surfaces which are not contacted with gears on the annular plate;
The pumped storage power station also comprises a controller, a lower water tank, a transfer tank, a lower water suction pipe which is provided with a lower water suction pump and can pump water of the lower water tank into the transfer tank, and an upper water suction pipe which is provided with an upper water suction pump and can pump water of the transfer tank into a reservoir; the transfer pool is arranged between the reservoir and the lower pool; a reservoir water level sensor capable of detecting the water level of the reservoir is arranged in the reservoir, and a transfer pool water level sensor capable of detecting the water level of the transfer pool is arranged in the transfer pool; the upper and lower pipe orifices of the lower water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the transfer pool and in the lower pool, and the upper and lower pipe orifices of the upper water pumping pipe are respectively arranged on the pool opening of the reservoir and in the transfer pool; the reservoir water level sensor, the transfer pool water level sensor, the control end of the upper water suction pump and the control end of the lower water suction pump are respectively connected with the controller; the water from the water turbine is led into the lower water tank through a water outlet pipe;
the pumped storage power station also comprises a display which is connected with the controller.
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