CN110260148B - 一种液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置 - Google Patents

一种液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110260148B
CN110260148B CN201910577591.1A CN201910577591A CN110260148B CN 110260148 B CN110260148 B CN 110260148B CN 201910577591 A CN201910577591 A CN 201910577591A CN 110260148 B CN110260148 B CN 110260148B
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air
storage
pipe
communicated
gas
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CN110260148A (zh
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郝群
刘兴
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Sichuan Tibo Fluid Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Tibo Fluid Technology Co ltd
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Priority to US15/929,869 priority patent/US20200408463A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0452—Concentration of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/02—Multiple feed streams, e.g. originating from different sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/90—Boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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Abstract

本发明公开一种液态空气的储存设备，包括储存罐、存储气循环出管、存储气循环进管和泵，所述存储气循环出管的输入端与所述储存罐底部内腔连通，所述存储气循环出管的输出端与所述泵的输入端连通，所述泵的输出端与所述存储气循环进管的输入端连通，所述存储气循环进管的输出端与所述储存罐上部内腔连通，本发明还公开了采用上述液态空气的储存设备的液态空气储存方法及空气液化装置。本发明提供的液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置，可避免储存罐内存储的液态气体分层，保持储存罐内液态空气不发生变化。

Description

一种液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液态空气存储领域，尤其涉及液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置。
背景技术
目前的一些电子产品，需要在特定的气体环境中生产，对气体组成的含量有较高要求，在生产此类电子产品时需要不断供应符合标准的空气，以达到生产环境的要求，现有的空气有采用高压气体储存和液态储存两种方式，高压气体储存的空气占用空间大，存储量低且存储的高压气多大于15兆帕，气体压力大，安全隐患大；而液态储存的空气在存储过程中，由于存储的液态空气中含有各种不同的气体，各种不同的气体液化后密度不同，在储存设备内存储一段时间后，不同的液化气体会发生分层，导致使用存储设备内的空气时，气体会按照分层顺序排出，排出气体的组分不能满足生产的需要。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种液态空气的储存设备、方法及空气液化装置，可避免储存罐内存储的液态气体分层，保持储存罐内液态空气不发生变化。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明公开的液态空气的储存设备，包括储存罐、存储气循环出管、存储气循环进管和泵，所述存储气循环出管的输入端与所述储存罐底部内腔连通，所述存储气循环出管的输出端与所述泵的输入端连通，所述泵的输出端与所述存储气循环进管的输入端连通，所述存储气循环进管的输出端与所述储存罐上部内腔连通。
本发明的有益效果是：通过存储气循环出管、存储气循环进管和泵将储存罐内下部的液态空气抽出再从储存罐上部注入，使储存罐内的上部和下部的液态空气循环，防止储存罐内的液态空气静置因各组分密度不同产生分层，保持储存罐内液态空气不发生变化。
进一步的，还包括换热器A、汽化储存气溢出管、液化储存气回注管、冷媒A注入管以及冷媒A排放管，所述汽化储存气溢出管的输入端与所述储存罐顶部连接且与所述储存罐上部内腔连通，所述汽化储存气溢出管的输出端与所述换热器A的热流道的输入端连通，所述换热器A的热流道的输出端与所述液化储存气回注管的输入端连通，所述液化储存气回注管的输出端与所述储存罐的底部连接且与所述储存罐下部内腔连通，所述冷媒A注入管的输出端与所述换热器A的冷流道的输入端连通，所述换热器A的冷流道的输出端与所述冷媒A排放管的输入端连通。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：存储在储存罐内的液态空气因吸热汽化产生的气体经换热器A与冷媒A进行换热后液化，液化后的储存气经过液化储存气回注管注入储存罐内，可使储存罐内的液态空气保持液体状态，以保证液态空气的组分不会因各种气体汽化而发生变化。
进一步的，所述储存罐包括内壳、外壳和保温层，所述内壳在所述外壳内，所述保温层在所述内壳与所述外壳之间，液态空气存储于所述内壳内。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：利于保持储存罐内低温，防止储存罐内的液态气体汽化。
进一步的，所述存储气循环出管和所述存储气循环进管均为保温管。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：使在存储气循环出管和存储气循环进管内流动的液态空气保持液态，防止其汽化。
进一步的，还包括气体浓度测试仪A、气体浓度测试仪B和气体浓度测试仪C，所述气体浓度测试仪A的探头设置于所述储存罐内的顶部，所述气体浓度测试仪B的探头设置于所述储存罐内的底部，所述气体浓度测试仪C的探头设置于所述储存罐的中部。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：可监测储存罐内存储的液态空气是否分层。
本发明公开的液态空气的储存方法，采用上述的液态空气的储存设备，通过所述泵、所述存储气循环出管以及所述存储气循环进管使所述储存罐内上部存储的液态空气和所述储存罐内下部存储的液态空气循环，将所述储存罐内存储的液态空气混合均匀。
本发明的有益效果是：防止储存罐内存储的液态空气上下分层，使储存罐内存储的液态空气不发生变化，储存罐提供的气体的组分能满足生产的需要。
本发明公开的空气液化装置，包括压缩冷却设备、膨胀机、换热器B、空气输入管、空气输出管以及上述的液态空气的储存设备，所述压缩冷却设备的输出端与所述膨胀机的输入端通过管路连通，所述膨胀机的输出端与所述换热器B的冷流道的输入端通过管路连通，所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端通过管路连通，所述空气输入管的输出端与所述换热器B的热流道的输入端连通，所述空气输出管的输入端与所述换热器B的热流道的输出端连通，所述空气输出管的输出端与所述储存罐的内腔连通。
本发明的有益效果是：通过压缩、冷却、膨胀后的冷媒B气体与空气换热液化空气，冷媒B气体仅需压缩至1.3兆帕左右，向冷媒B气体提供的压力小，与现有的压缩纯化气储存方法或者直接加压的液化方法对比，无需向空气提供较大的压力，也可避免高压气体和高温的液体的安全隐患，对设备性能要求低，做功少，耗能少，制成的液态空气储存在储存罐内，可使储存罐内的液态空气不会发生分层，使用气体时，气体组分能搞符合标准。
进一步的，所述压缩冷却设备包括压缩机A、冷却器A、压缩机B和冷却器B，所述压缩机A的输出端通过管路与所述冷却器A的输入端连通，所述冷却器A的输出端通过管路与所述压缩机B的输入端连通，所述压缩机B的输出端通过管路与所述冷却器B的输入端连通，所述冷却器B的输出端与所述膨胀机的输入端连通，所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩机A的输入端通过管路连通。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：分布压缩，每一次设备对冷媒B提供的压力小，对设备要求低，每一次冷媒B气体升温不会太高，安全性好，每一步冷媒B气体压缩后均对其进行冷却，防止冷媒B气体温度过高，损坏后续压缩设备。
进一步的，还包括冷媒B补充气管、冷媒B放出气管和压力测试仪，所述压力测试仪设置于所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路上，所述冷媒B补充气管的输出端和所述冷媒B放出气管的输入端均与所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路连通，所述冷媒B补充气管上设置有阀门A，所述冷媒B放出气管上设置有阀门B。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：可检测循环的冷媒B气体的气压，气压过高可打开阀门B放出冷媒B气体，气压过低可通过打开阀门A通入补充冷媒B气体，安全且能保证冷媒B气体的冷却效果。
进一步的，还包括加温冷媒气管，所述加温冷媒气管的输出端与所述膨胀机的输出端连通。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：当停止液化空气后，温度极低的冷媒B气体还充满膨胀机、换热器B的冷流道及相应的低温管路，易造成危险，通加温冷媒B气体后，膨胀机、换热器的冷流道及相应的低温管路恢复室温，排出安全隐患。
附图说明
图1为液态空气的储存设备示意图之一；
图2为液态空气的储存设备示意图之二；
图3为空气液化装置示意图；
图中：1-储存罐、11-内壳、12-保温层、13-外壳、14-气体浓度测试仪A的探头、15-气体浓度测试仪B的探头、16-气体浓度测试仪C的探头、21-液态空气注入管、22-汽化储存气溢出管、23-液化储存气回注管、24-冷媒A注入管、25-冷媒A排放管、26-储存气输出管、27-存储气循环进管、28-存储气循环出管、29-低温泵、3-换热器A、4-泵。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实如图1、图2所示，本发明公开的液态空气的储存设备，包括储存罐1、存储气循环出管28、存储气循环进管27、泵4、换热器A3、液态空气注入管21、汽化储存气溢出管22、液化储存气回注管23、冷媒A注入管24以及冷媒A排放管25，存储气循环出管28的输入端与储存罐1底部内腔连通，存储气循环出管28的输出端与泵4的输入端连通，泵4的输出端与存储气循环进管27的输入端连通，存储气循环进管27的输出端与储存罐1上部内腔连通，液态空气注入管21的输出端与储存罐1内腔连通，汽化储存气溢出管22的输入端与储存罐1顶部连接且与储存罐1内腔上部连通，汽化储存气溢出管22的输出端与换热器A3的热流道的输入端连通，换热器A3的热流道的输出端与液化储存气回注管23的输入端连通，液化储存气回注管23的输出端与储存罐1的底部连接且与储存罐1内腔下部连通，液化储存气回注管23上设置有低温泵29，用于将经换热器A3换热液化后的储存气注回储存罐1，低温泵29为液化后的储存气回注储存罐1提供动力，低温泵29在储存罐1的外部，冷媒A注入管24的输出端与换热器A3的冷流道的输入端连通，换热器A3的冷流道的输出端与冷媒A排放管25的输入端连通，储存气输出管26的输入端与储存罐1内腔底部连通，通过储存气输出管26向工作部位提供符合标准的空气。
储存罐1包括内壳11、外壳13和保温层12，内壳11在外壳13内，保温层12在内壳11与外壳13之间，液态空气存储于内壳11内。
换热器A3和泵4均设置于储存罐1外部。
还包括气体浓度测试仪A、气体浓度测试仪B和气体浓度测试仪C，气体浓度测试仪A的探头14设置于储存罐1内的顶部，气体浓度测试仪B的探头15设置于储存罐1内的底部，气体浓度测试仪C的探头16设置于储存罐1内的中部，气体浓度测试仪A、气体浓度测试仪B和气体浓度测试仪C均为氧气浓度测试仪，可监测储存罐1内底部、中部和顶部液体是否分层。
冷媒A注入管24的输入端连通来自用户端的液氮。
存储气循环出管28、存储气循环进管27、液态空气注入管21、液化储存气回注管23以及冷媒A注入管24均为保温管。
本发明公开的液态空气的储存方法，采用上述的液态空气的储存设备，通过泵4、存储气循环出管28以及存储气循环进管27使储存罐1内上部存储的液态空气和储存罐1内下部存储的液态空气循环，将储存罐1内存储的液态空气混合均匀，保证在使用储存罐1内存储的空气时，空气组分符合标准，防止使用时依次使用不同密度的气体的情况。
如图3所示，本发明公开的空气液化装置，包括压缩冷却设备、膨胀机、换热器B、空气输入管、空气输出管以及上述的液态空气的储存设备，压缩冷却设备的输出端与膨胀机的输入端通过管路连通，膨胀机的输出端与换热器B的冷流道的输入端通过管路连通，换热器B的冷流道的输出端与压缩冷却设备的输入端通过管路连通，空气输入管的输出端与换热器B的热流道的输入端连通，空气输出管的输入端与换热器B的热流道的输出端连通，空气输出管的输出端与液态空气注入管21的输入端连通。
换热器B的热流道包括用于冷却冷媒B的热流道A和用于冷却空气的热流道B，空气输入管的输出端与换热器B的热流道B的输入端连通，空气输出管的输入端与换热器B的热流道B的输出端连通，换热器B的热流道A的输入端与压缩冷却设备的输出端通过管路连通，换热器B的热流道A的输出端与膨胀机的输入端通过管路连通，经压缩冷却设备后的冷媒B先经过换热器B的热流道A与先前经过膨胀机后的冷媒B进行换热冷却后再进入膨胀机膨胀降温，经过膨胀机降温后的冷媒B进入换热器B的冷流道，更加节约资源，换热器B优选为板式换热器。
压缩冷却设备包括压缩机A、冷却器A、压缩机B和冷却器B，压缩机A的输出端通过管路与冷却器A的输入端连通，冷却器A的输出端通过管路与压缩机B的输入端连通，压缩机B的输出端通过管路与冷却器B的输入端连通，冷却器B的输出端与膨胀机的输入端连通，换热器B的冷流道的输出端与压缩机A的输入端通过管路连通，冷却器A和冷却器B内均设置有循环水冷却***，换热器B的热流道A的输入端与冷却器B的输出端通过管路连通。
还包括冷媒B补充气管、冷媒B放出气管和压力测试仪，压力测试仪设置于换热器B的冷流道的输出端与压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路上，冷媒B补充气管的输出端和冷媒B放出气管的输入端均与换热器B的冷流道的输出端与压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路连通，冷媒B补充气管上设置有阀门A，冷媒B放出气管上设置有阀门B。
还包括加温冷媒气管，加温冷媒气管的输出端与膨胀机的输出端连通。
膨胀机的输出端和输入端均设置有放空管，放空管上设置有阀门，膨胀机输入端的放空管在换热器B的热流道A的输出端与膨胀机的输入端之间。
换热器B内的热流道B设置有多条，空气输入管和空气输出管的数量与热流道B的数量对应，相互对应的空气输入管、换热器B内的热流道B以及空气输出管依次连接，一条热流道B与其对应的一条空气输入管以及一条空气输出管组成一条空气液化通路，多条空气输出管的输出端与相同或者不同的储存罐1的内腔连通。
当多条空气输出管的输出端与相同的储存罐1的内腔连通时，可通过多条空气输出管输送不同的气体，并控制各条空气输出管内输送空气的量控制储存罐1内储存空气的组分。
空气液化的方法，包括以下步骤：
压缩并冷却冷媒B气体：将冷媒B气体进行压缩，使冷媒B气体变为高温高压的气体，再将高温高压的气体进行冷却，使冷媒B气体变为常温高压的气体；
膨胀冷媒B气体：使经过冷却的冷媒气体进入膨胀机膨胀，使冷媒气体降压冷却，变为低温气体；
液化空气：使空气和经过膨胀机的冷媒B气体进入换热器B，空气和冷媒B气体在换热器B内进行热交换，使空气降温液化。
存储液化空气：将经过换热器B后液化的空气存储至储存罐1内，存储在储存罐1内的上部液态空气和下部液态空气通过泵1进行循环，混合均匀，储存罐1内因受热汽化的部分空气经过换热器A3液化后注回储存罐1内。
经过换热器B的冷媒B气体再次进入压缩步骤，冷媒B气体循环使用，重复上述步骤，与空气进行热交换。
经过膨胀冷媒气体步骤后的冷媒气体为低压低温气体，低压的冷媒气体温度更低。
在膨胀冷媒B气体步骤中，进入膨胀机前的冷媒B气体的压强为1.2MPa-1.4MPa，优选为1.3MPa。
经过膨胀机膨胀后的冷媒B气体的温度低于-180℃，优选为此时冷媒B气体的温度低于-190℃。
在压缩并冷却冷媒B气体步骤中，包括步骤一次压缩、一次冷却、二次压缩和二次冷却，冷媒B气体依次经过一次压缩、一次冷却、二次压缩和二次冷却后进入膨胀机膨胀，冷媒B气体经过一次压缩后，压强变为1.05MPa-1.2MPa，优选为1.1MPa，冷媒B气体经过二次压缩后，压强变为1.2MPa-1.4MPa，优选为1.3MPa，冷媒B气体经过一次压缩和二次压缩后均通过循环冷却水进行冷却，冷却后的气体温度小于40℃。
经过压缩并冷却冷媒气体步骤的冷媒气体在进入膨胀机降压冷却之前，先进入换热器与先前经过降压冷却后的冷媒气体进行换热降温，然后再进入膨胀机降压冷却，经过膨胀机降压冷却后的冷媒气体用于冷却空气和压缩并冷却冷媒气体步骤后的冷媒气体。
还包括加温复热步骤，在停止液化空气步骤后，由于膨胀机、换热器B的冷流道以及相应的低温管路内充满了低温气体，易冻伤操作人员及设备，可向膨胀机、换热器B及相应的低温管路内通加温冷媒B气体，使膨胀机、换热器B及相应的低温管路恢复室温。
还包括冷媒B气体补充和放出步骤，检测整个***里冷媒B气体的压力，当***内冷媒B气体压力过大时，放出部分冷媒B气体，当***内冷媒B气体压力过小时，向冷媒B气体循环管路内加注冷媒B气体。
冷媒B气体可采用氮气，可液化的纯化气包括氮气、氧气以及不同组分的空气等，换热器B内的热流道B可设置有多条，对应连通多条空气液化通路，同时液化多种不同的空气。
液化后的空气进入储存罐1储存，在储存的过程中，液态的空气吸热，汽化温度低的气体先汽化，上升至储存罐1顶部，经过汽化储存气溢出管22进入换热器A3与冷媒A进行换热液化，液化后的储存气通过液化储存气回注管23注入储存罐1。
冷媒A和冷媒B均选用氮气，冷媒A排放管25的输出端连通外界大气。
液态空气的储存设备以及空气液化装置的各个管路上均设置有阀门。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种液态空气的储存设备，其特征在于：包括储存罐（1）、存储气循环出管（28）、存储气循环进管（27）和泵（4），所述存储气循环出管（28）的输入端与所述储存罐（1）底部内腔连通，所述存储气循环出管（28）的输出端与所述泵（4）的输入端连通，所述泵（4）的输出端与所述存储气循环进管（27）的输入端连通，所述存储气循环进管（27）的输出端与所述储存罐（1）上部内腔连通；
储存设备包括液态空气注入管（21），液态空气注入管（21）的输出端与储存罐（1）内腔连通，汽化储存气溢出管（22）的输入端与储存罐（1）顶部连接且与储存罐（1）内腔上部连通；液化储存气回注管（23）上设置有低温泵（29），低温泵（29）在储存罐（1）的外部；
还包括换热器A（3）、汽化储存气溢出管（22）、液化储存气回注管（23）、冷媒A注入管（24）以及冷媒A排放管（25），所述汽化储存气溢出管（22）的输入端与所述储存罐（1）顶部连接且与所述储存罐（1）上部内腔连通，所述汽化储存气溢出管（22）的输出端与所述换热器A（3）的热流道的输入端连通，所述换热器A（3）的热流道的输出端与所述液化储存气回注管（23）的输入端连通，所述液化储存气回注管（23）的输出端与所述储存罐（1）的底部连接且与所述储存罐（1）下部内腔连通，所述冷媒A注入管（24）的输出端与所述换热器A（3）的冷流道的输入端连通，所述换热器A（3）的冷流道的输出端与所述冷媒A排放管（25）的输入端连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液态空气的储存设备，其特征在于：所述储存罐（1）包括内壳（11）、外壳（13）和保温层（12），所述内壳（11）在所述外壳（13）内，所述保温层（12）在所述内壳（11）与所述外壳（13）之间，液态空气存储于所述内壳（11）内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液态空气的储存设备，其特征在于：所述存储气循环出管（28）和所述存储气循环进管（27）均为保温管。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的液态空气的储存设备，其特征在于：还包括气体浓度测试仪A、气体浓度测试仪B和气体浓度测试仪C，所述气体浓度测试仪A的探头（14）设置于所述储存罐（1）内的顶部，所述气体浓度测试仪B的探头（15）设置于所述储存罐（1）内的底部，所述气体浓度测试仪C的探头（16）设置于所述储存罐（1）的中部。
5.一种液态空气的储存方法：其特征在于：使用如权利要求1-4任一项所述的液态空气的储存设备，通过所述泵（4）、所述存储气循环出管（28）以及所述存储气循环进管（27）使所述储存罐（1）内上部存储的液态空气和所述储存罐（1）内下部存储的液态空气循环，将所述储存罐（1）内存储的液态空气混合均匀。
6.一种空气液化装置，其特征在于：包括压缩冷却设备、膨胀机、换热器B、空气输入管、空气输出管以及如权利要求1-4任一项所述的液态空气的储存设备，所述压缩冷却设备的输出端与所述膨胀机的输入端通过管路连通，所述膨胀机的输出端与所述换热器B的冷流道的输入端通过管路连通，所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端通过管路连通，所述空气输入管的输出端与所述换热器B的热流道的输入端连通，所述空气输出管的输入端与所述换热器B的热流道的输出端连通，所述空气输出管的输出端与所述储存罐（1）的内腔连通。
7.根据权利要求6所述的空气液化装置，其特征在于：所述压缩冷却设备包括压缩机A、冷却器A、压缩机B和冷却器B，所述压缩机A的输出端通过管路与所述冷却器A的输入端连通，所述冷却器A的输出端通过管路与所述压缩机B的输入端连通，所述压缩机B的输出端通过管路与所述冷却器B的输入端连通，所述冷却器B的输出端与所述膨胀机的输入端连通，所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩机A的输入端通过管路连通。
8.根据权利要求6所述的空气液化装置，其特征在于：还包括冷媒B补充气管、冷媒B放出气管和压力测试仪，所述压力测试仪设置于所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路上，所述冷媒B补充气管的输出端和所述冷媒B放出气管的输入端均与所述换热器B的冷流道的输出端与所述压缩冷却设备的输入端之间的管路连通，所述冷媒B补充气管上设置有阀门A，所述冷媒B放出气管上设置有阀门B。
9.根据权利要求6所述的空气液化装置，其特征在于：还包括加温冷媒气管，所述加温冷媒气管的输出端与所述膨胀机的输出端连通。
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