CN110259399B - Process and device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings - Google Patents

Process and device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings Download PDF

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CN110259399B
CN110259399B CN201910556760.3A CN201910556760A CN110259399B CN 110259399 B CN110259399 B CN 110259399B CN 201910556760 A CN201910556760 A CN 201910556760A CN 110259399 B CN110259399 B CN 110259399B
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oil
based mud
drilling
heater
base oil
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CN110259399A (en
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陈绍华
杨璐
瑞静
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Chengdu Huahuan Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/065Separating solids from drilling fluids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005Waste disposal systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

A process and a device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings. The invention discloses a process and a device for recovering waste oil-based drilling mud base oil. Consists of a heater, a high-speed centrifuge, a condensing device and a base oil storage tank; the process comprises the following steps: the waste oil-based mud is sent into a heater, the waste oil-based mud is heated to 40-350 ℃ through heat transfer, the heated waste oil-based mud enters a high-speed centrifuge, tiny solid particles of the waste oil-based mud are centrifugally separated, oil-containing steam generated in the heating and centrifuging processes is cooled through a condensing device to form cooling liquid, and all the cooling liquid is recycled and is led into the base oil after centrifugal treatment. The invention adopts low-temperature heating and centrifugal separation to realize the separation of solid particles and base oil in the waste oil-based mud, does not change the physical property of the base oil, can be used for preparing oil-based drilling mud for the second time, utilizes the waste heat at the kiln tail of the cement kiln to heat the waste oil-based mud, further improves the utilization rate of the heat of the cement kiln, reduces the running cost of a separation process, and adopts indirect contact to heat the waste oil-based mud, thereby effectively improving the safety coefficient of equipment running.

Description

Process and device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dangerous waste treatment, relates to a technical method for cooperatively treating dangerous waste by a cement kiln, and particularly relates to system equipment for cooperatively treating drilling oil-based mud cuttings by the cement kiln.
Background
The drilling oil-based rock debris is a solid waste generated in the oil-gas resource drilling process, and the direct discharge of the drilling oil-based rock debris can seriously pollute the environment due to the fact that the drilling oil-based rock debris contains a large amount of oil substances, and is dangerous waste specified in the national plaintext. Innocent treatment of drilling oil-based mud cuttings becomes a pain point and a difficulty in the green exploitation process of oil and gas resources.
The currently adopted treatment process flow is that firstly, rock scraps in oil-based drilling fluid are separated through a vibrating screen, then, the oil-based drilling rock scraps are dehydrated and deoiled through a spin dryer and a centrifuge, and oil-based rock scraps dry powder with low oil content and waste drilling oil-based mud rock scraps with high oil content are formed. Wherein, the oil-based rock debris dry powder with low oil content is subjected to innocent treatment by high-temperature incineration.
The drilling oil-based mud cuttings with high oil content contain a large amount of high-value oil resources, but at the same time, the drilling oil-based mud cuttings contain a large amount of fine cuttings particles, so that the drilling oil-based mud cuttings have high density and poor fluidity and cannot be directly used for preparing oil-based drilling fluid for the second time. The harmless treatment can be realized by directly burning at high temperature, but the great waste of oil resources is caused. At present, the recovery of base oil can be realized by thermal desorption, extraction and other processes. The process is characterized in that the base oil is obtained through heating and distilling, and because the process needs to heat the slurry to more than 400 ℃, partial base oil is thermally cracked to generate volatile organic gas with harmful and peculiar smell, the recovered base oil cannot be reused for preparing drilling oil-based slurry cuttings, and the reuse in other fields cannot be realized; the extraction process is to add extractant to realize solid, oil and water three-phase separation, and the recovered base oil can be recycled, but has the problems of high cost and small treatment capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris base oil recovery process and a device thereof according to the defects of the prior art. The invention aims to solve the problem of providing a process and a device for recovering drilling oil-based mud and rock debris base oil, which are more environment-friendly and have higher utilization rate.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the device for recovering the base oil in the drilling oil-based mud cuttings is characterized by comprising the following components: the recovery device consists of a heater, a high-speed centrifugal machine, a condensing device, a drilling fluid storage tank, a solid particle storage tank, an oil gas collecting pipeline, a waste water collecting pipeline and a waste gas pipeline.
The heater comprises a heating medium channel and a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris channel which move in opposite directions, and an oil-containing steam outlet is arranged at the outlet end of the drilling oil-based mud and rock debris channel; the oil-containing vapor outlet is connected with the inlet of a condensing device, the condensing device is a condenser with a water jacket structure, and the condensate outlet is connected with a recovery tank.
The feeding port of the high-speed centrifugal machine is connected with the drilling oil-based mud and rock debris outlet of the heater; the centrifugal liquid outlet is coupled to the drilling liquid storage tank.
The heater is an electric heater or a heating medium heating device, and the heating temperature is 40-350 ℃.
Further, the heater may be a slurry heater comprising a rotatable central shaft forming a heat medium passage and discs radially spaced apart from the outer periphery of the central shaft.
The centrifugal machine is one of a horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifugal machine, a butterfly centrifugal machine or a tubular centrifugal machine.
The recovery process of the base oil in the drilling oil-based mud cuttings adopts the recovery device and comprises the following steps:
(A) The drilling oil-based mud cuttings are sent into a heater, and the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated to 40-350 ℃ through heat transfer;
(B) And (3) feeding the heated drilling oil-based mud cuttings into a high-speed centrifuge, centrifugally separating solid particles and drilling fluid in the waste drilling oil-based mud cuttings, conveying the solid particles into a solid particle storage tank for storage by a sealing pipeline, and conveying the drilling fluid into the drilling fluid storage tank for storage by the sealing pipeline. The density of the treated base oil is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm 3 The kinematic viscosity value is less than or equal to 40mm at 40 DEG C 2 /s。
(C) The oil-containing gas generated in the heating and centrifuging processes is cooled by a condensing device to form oil-containing condensate, the oil-containing condensate is sent to a wastewater treatment facility for oil-water separation, a small amount of base oil generated in the condensing process is directly led into a drilling fluid storage tank for storage through a pipe, and the condensed water of high-temperature steam is sewage cold water and is directly sent to the wastewater treatment facility for treatment; the non-condensable gas is sent into a cement production system through a sealing pipeline to be burnt and decomposed at high temperature.
After entering the heater, the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated by a direct heating or indirect heating mode, the viscosity of the mud is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the mud flows to the outlet under the action of the pushing system. When the heating medium is used for heating the drilling oil-based mud cuttings, the flowing direction of the heating medium is opposite to the flowing direction of the drilling oil-based mud cuttings. An oil-containing gas outlet is arranged above the heater, and volatile components in the heating medium and the drilling oil-based mud cuttings flow into the condensing device from the outlet.
The heating source of the heater is from the steam generated by the waste heat of the cement calcination kiln tail or the tail gas or the steam generated by the tail gas, and the temperature of the steam or the tail gas for heating is 60-350 ℃.
After the drilling oil-based mud cuttings enter a high-speed centrifugal machine, under the centrifugal action, solid particles are settled to the outer wall, liquid with light density is remained in the central area, and the solid particles and the light liquid flow to different outlets respectively, so that the separation of the solid particles and the base oil in the drilling oil-based mud cuttings is realized.
The oil condensate is composed of a base oil, a small amount of oil condensate and solid particles.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the recovered base oil is of good quality. The separation of solid particles and base oil in the drilling oil-based mud cuttings is realized by adopting a low-temperature heating and centrifugal separation method, the physical properties of the base oil are not changed, and the method can be used for preparing the drilling oil-based mud cuttings for the second time, so that the recycling of the base oil is realized.
2. The recovery process has high safety. By heating the drilling oil-based mud cuttings, the viscosity value of the drilling oil-based mud cuttings is reduced, solid-liquid separation of the drilling oil-based mud cuttings can be realized under the condition of lower rotating speed, and the reliability and the operation efficiency of the centrifuge are improved. And the indirect contact is adopted to heat the oil-based mud cuttings of the drilling well, so that the safety coefficient of equipment operation is effectively improved. If a horizontal screw centrifuge is adopted, continuous slag discharge can be realized through the screw conveyor blades, and continuous production of the process flow is realized.
3. The base oil recovery cost is low. The physical method is adopted to recycle the base oil in the waste drilling oil-based mud cuttings, so that the treatment cost of the drilling oil-based mud cuttings can be effectively reduced, the waste heat at the kiln tail of the cement kiln is utilized to heat the drilling oil-based mud cuttings, the operation cost of a separation process is further reduced, meanwhile, waste heat steam can also push a central shaft and a disc to rotate, the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated through heat transfer, and the central shaft drives the disc to rotate so as to push mud to flow to an outlet, so that the problems of mud congestion and fluidity are effectively solved.
4. Can effectively control secondary pollution. The heating and separating process of the drilling oil-based mud rock debris is all in a closed device, oil-containing gas generated by heating and separating enters a condensing device through a sealing pipeline to form base oil, oil-containing wastewater and noncondensable gas, the base oil enters a drilling fluid tank for storage, the oil-containing wastewater is sent to a cement production system for high-temperature incineration and decomposition or standard discharge after reaching the standard of wastewater treatment, and the noncondensable gas is led to a cement production system for high-temperature section for incineration and decomposition through a pipeline. Thereby effectively avoiding the secondary pollution problem generated in the process of processing the drill oil-based mud cuttings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a drilling oil based mud cuttings base oil recovery system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a drilling oil based mud cuttings base oil recovery system apparatus;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of another apparatus for a drilling oil based mud cuttings base oil recovery system.
In the figure, 1 is a heater, 2 is a hot water outlet, 3 is a hollow disk, 4 is a hollow shaft, 5 is a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris outlet, 6 is a steam inlet, 7 is an oil-containing gas outlet, 8 is a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris inlet, 9 is an oil-containing gas inlet, 10 is a cooling water inlet, 11 is a condensate outlet, 12 is a cooling water outlet, 13 is a condensing device, 14 is a horizontal screw centrifuge, 15 is a solid particle outlet, 16 is a screw blade, 17 is a rotary drum, 18 is a light liquid outlet, 19 is a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris inlet, 20 is a drilling fluid storage tank, and 21 is a tube centrifuge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative of the principles of the present invention and not in any way limiting, nor will the same or similar techniques be used in connection with the present invention beyond the scope of the present invention.
In combination with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The drilling oil-based mud cuttings are collected from a shale gas drilling platform in Sichuan, and the specific components and performances are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 oil-based mud cuttings composition and performance from waste drilling
Example 2
The treatment equipment for drilling oil-based mud rock debris consists of a slurry heater, a horizontal spiral centrifuge, a high-temperature steam pipeline, a condensing device, a drilling fluid storage tank, an oil gas collecting pipeline, a waste water collecting pipeline and a waste gas pipeline. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are fed into the slurry heater through the feed inlet, filled in the space between the shell and the hollow disc, and stirred and propelled by the action of the propelling/stirring device on the disc. The hot steam at the tail of the cement kiln enters from the inlet of the heat source, flows through the hollow shaft and the hollow disc, and enters into the heated hollow disc of the slurry heater to indirectly heat the drilling oil-based mud cuttings. The heating and condensing process is to produce hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris, oil-containing gas, non-condensable gas, oil-containing sewage and sewage water, the hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris is discharged from a material outlet of a slurry heater, and the hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris is sent into a horizontal spiral centrifuge for the next treatment by a closed device; the condensed water of the high-temperature steam is sewage cold water which is discharged from a heat source outlet of the slurry heater and is collected by a waste water pipeline to enter a waste water treatment facility; the oil-containing gas generated in the heating process is led into a condensing device from a gas outlet of a slurry heater in a sealing way, the oil-containing condensate is sent to a wastewater treatment facility for oil-water separation, a small amount of base oil generated in the cooling process is led into a base oil storage tank for storage through a pipeline, and the non-condensable gas is sent into a cement production system through a sealing pipeline for high-temperature incineration and decomposition.
The hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris discharged from the slurry heater is sent into a horizontal spiral centrifuge through a closed pipeline, a high-speed rotating drum generates strong centrifugal force to precipitate solid particles in mud on the inner wall of the drum, the solid particles deposited on the inner wall of the drum are pushed to the outlet of the small end of the drum by the relative movement of the spiral and the drum due to the relative movement (namely, the rotation speed difference) of the spiral and the drum, the solid particles after solid-liquid separation are discharged from the other end of the centrifuge and are led into a solid particle storage bin for standby through the closed pipeline, and the base oil enters a drilling fluid storage tank for storage.
Example 3
The treatment equipment for drilling oil-based mud rock debris consists of a slurry heater, a tubular centrifuge, a high-temperature steam pipeline, a condensing device, a drilling fluid storage tank, an oil gas collecting pipeline, a waste water collecting pipeline and a waste gas pipeline.
The drilling oil-based mud cuttings are fed into the slurry heater through the feed inlet, filled in the space between the shell and the hollow disc, and stirred and propelled by the action of the propelling/stirring device on the disc. The hot steam at the tail of the cement kiln enters from the inlet of the heat source, flows through the hollow shaft and the hollow disc, and enters into the heated hollow disc of the slurry heater to indirectly heat the drilling oil-based mud cuttings. The heating process is to produce hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris, oil-containing gas, non-condensable gas, oil-containing sewage and sewage cold water, the hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris is discharged from a material outlet of a slurry heater, and the hot drilling oil-based mud rock debris is sent into a tubular centrifuge for further treatment by a closed device; the condensed water of the high-temperature steam is sewage cold water which is discharged from a heat source outlet of the slurry heater and is collected by a waste water pipeline to enter a waste water treatment facility; the oily gas generated in the heating process is led into a condensing device from a gas outlet of the slurry heater in a sealing way to be condensed, the cooled oily condensate is sent to a wastewater treatment facility for oil-water separation, a small amount of base oil generated in the condensing process is led into a base oil storage tank through a pipeline to be stored, and the non-condensable gas is sent into a cement production system through a sealing pipeline to be burnt and decomposed at high temperature.
The hot drilling oil-based mud cuttings enter a tubular centrifuge through a bottom feed inlet, the centrifugal force forces mud to flow upwards along the inner wall of a rotary drum, solid particles with high density in the mud settle and outside under the centrifugal action, the solid particles are discharged along heavy liquid outlets on two sides and are led into a solid particle storage bin for standby through a closed pipeline, and drilling fluid with low density is discharged into a drilling fluid storage tank from a light liquid outlet on the top for storage.
The processing technological parameters of case 2 and case 3 and the performance parameters of drill oil-based mud cuttings obtained after processing are shown in the following table 2:
the drill oil-based mud cuttings contain a large amount of tiny solid particles of oil, the slurry viscosity is very high under the condition of room temperature, and the effect of separating the solid particles by adopting a centrifugal machine is poor. Waste drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated in a disc dryer by utilizing the steam at the kiln tail of the cement kiln, and their viscosity values are reduced by increasing the temperature, thereby increasing the centrifuge separation efficiency. As can be seen from the results of cases 2 and 3, the final base oil density was less than 1.1g/cm 3 Kinematic viscosity < 20mm 2 And/s, meeting the requirement of secondarily preparing drilling oil-based mud cuttings.

Claims (9)

1. A device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings, which is characterized in that: the recovery device consists of a heater, a high-speed centrifugal machine, a condensing device, a drilling fluid storage tank, a solid particle storage tank, an oil gas collecting pipeline, a waste water collecting pipeline and a waste gas pipeline;
the heater comprises a heating medium channel and a drilling oil-based mud and rock debris channel which move in opposite directions, and an oil-containing steam outlet is arranged at the outlet end of the drilling oil-based mud and rock debris channel; the oil-containing vapor outlet is connected with the inlet of a condensing device, the condensing device is a condenser with a water jacket structure, and the condensate outlet is connected with a drilling fluid storage tank;
the feeding port of the high-speed centrifugal machine is connected with the drilling oil-based mud and rock debris outlet of the heater; the centrifugal liquid outlet is connected with the drilling liquid storage tank, and the solid particles are sent into the solid particle storage tank for storage through a sealed pipeline.
2. The apparatus for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 1 wherein: the heater is an electric heater or a heating medium heating device.
3. The apparatus for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 2 wherein: the heater is a slurry heater and comprises a rotatable central shaft forming a heating medium channel and discs densely distributed on the periphery of the central shaft at radial intervals.
4. The apparatus for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 2 wherein: the centrifugal machine is one of a horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifugal machine, a butterfly centrifugal machine or a tubular centrifugal machine.
5. A process for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: recovery process using a recovery apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following processes:
(A) The drilling oil-based mud cuttings are sent into a heater, and the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated to 40-350 ℃ through heat transfer;
(B) The heated drilling oil-based mud cuttings enter a high-speed centrifuge, solid particles and drilling fluid in the waste drilling oil-based mud cuttings are centrifugally separated, the solid particles are sent into a solid particle storage tank for storage through a sealing pipeline, and the drilling fluid is sent into the drilling fluid storage tank for storage through the sealing pipeline; the density of the treated base oil is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm 3 The kinematic viscosity value is less than or equal to 40mm at 40 DEG C 2 /s;
(C) The oil-containing gas generated in the heating and centrifuging processes is cooled by a condensing device to form oil-containing condensate, the oil-containing condensate is sent to a wastewater treatment facility for oil-water separation, a small amount of base oil generated in the condensing process is directly led into a drilling fluid storage tank for storage through a pipe, and the condensed water of high-temperature steam is sewage cold water and is directly sent to the wastewater treatment facility for treatment; the non-condensable gas is sent into a cement production system through a sealing pipeline to be burnt and decomposed at high temperature.
6. The process for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 5 wherein: after entering the heater, the drilling oil-based mud cuttings are heated by a direct heating or indirect heating mode, the viscosity of the mud is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the mud flows to the outlet under the action of the pushing system.
7. The process for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 6 wherein: the heater adopts a slurry heater, heating media enter from a heating inlet, heat and push a central shaft and a disc to rotate, heat waste oil-based slurry through heat transfer when the disc and the central shaft are in contact with the waste oil-based slurry, and drive the disc to rotate through the central shaft so as to push the slurry to flow to an outlet; a steam outlet is arranged above the heater to enable heated and evaporated oil-containing gas to flow into the condensing device from the outlet.
8. The process for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 7 wherein: the heating source of the slurry heater is from the steam generated by the waste heat of the cement calcination kiln tail or the tail gas or the steam generated by the tail gas, and the temperature of the steam or the tail gas for heating is 60-350 ℃.
9. The process for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings of claim 6 wherein: after the drilling oil-based mud cuttings enter a high-speed centrifugal machine, under the centrifugal action, solid particles are settled to the outer wall, liquid with light density is remained in the central area, and the solid particles and the light liquid flow to different outlets respectively, so that the separation of the solid particles and the base oil in the drilling oil-based mud cuttings is realized.
CN201910556760.3A 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 Process and device for recovering base oil from drilling oil-based mud cuttings Active CN110259399B (en)

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