CN110257701A - 一种弹簧钢材料及采用该材料生产的汽车空气悬架导向臂 - Google Patents
一种弹簧钢材料及采用该材料生产的汽车空气悬架导向臂 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明一种弹簧钢材料及采用该材料生产的汽车空气悬架导向臂,弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.50%–0.55%、Si:0.80–1.00%、Mn:1.00%–1.20%、Cr:1.00%–1.20%、V:0.05–0.15%、Mo:0.02–0.05%、Nb:0.01–0.02%、Ti:0.008%–0.018%、Als:0.012%–0.035%、N:0.0020%–0.0080%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.025%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,一种汽车空气悬架导向臂由上述弹簧钢材料制备而成。本发明中的弹簧钢材料不仅具有较高的强度、韧性、抗疲劳性、淬透性,适用于厚度小于60mm的弹性元件,使得导向臂的使用寿命得到提升,同时,节约了成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车用弹簧钢材料领域,具体涉及一种弹簧钢材料及采用该材料生产的汽车空气悬架导向臂,适用于提高弹簧钢材料的强度、韧性、抗疲劳性和淬透性。
背景技术
导向臂是保证汽车空气悬架功能得以实现的关键零件,导向臂在生产和使用过程中均需承受较大的载荷和变形,因此,对导向臂的强韧性提出了更高的要求。
目前,目前国内制造导向臂所采用的弹簧钢材料主要有51CrV4、52CrMoV4、60CrMnBA,51CrV4、52CrMoV4材料的强韧性较好,但其V、Mo的含量较高,导致其成本较高,而且对于厚度大于38mm的导向臂或大截面钢板弹簧,油淬难以完全淬透,60CrMnBA材料对于厚度低于60mm以下的导向臂或大截面钢板弹簧水淬的淬透性好,但其晶粒较粗大,工艺要求严格,目前国内制造现状难以保证产品质量。
中国专利:授权公众号CN105821311A、授权公告日2016年08月03日的发明公开了一种高韧性弹簧钢及其制备方法,该钢材的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.53–0.68%、Mn:1.5–2.0%、Ni:1.21–1.36%、Cr:0.89–0.96%、Nb:0.45–0.60%、Si:1.24–1.56%、P:0.006–0.008%、S:0.002–0.005%、V:0.17–0.19%、Ti:0.05–0.07%、Al:0.08–0.1%、Mo:0.23–0.25%、O≤0.006%、H≤0.00020%、Cu≤0.15%,稀土微量元素:0.23-0.25%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,该方法通过控制弹簧钢中主要的微量元素的含量来提高弹簧钢的抗疲劳性能,适合在载荷环境下工作,但是该弹簧钢的强韧性、抗疲劳性仍满足不了汽车空气悬架导向臂高载荷的需求。因此,急需开发一种汽车空气悬架导向臂用的具有更高强韧性的弹簧钢材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服弹簧钢材料强韧性不足的问题,提供一种弹簧钢材料及采用该材料生产的汽车空气悬架导向臂。
为实现以上目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种弹簧钢材料,所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.50%–0.55%、Si:0.8–1.0%、Mn:1.00%–1.20%、Cr:1.00%–1.20%、V:0.05–0.15%、Mo:0.02–0.05%、Nb:0.01–0.02%、Ti:0.008%–0.018%、Als:0.012%–0.035%、N:0.0020%–0.0080%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.025%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
一种汽车空气悬架导向臂,所述导向臂由弹簧钢材料制备而成,导向臂的制备方法为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行下料、轧制、校直、卷耳或包耳、铣耳侧、压Z弯、扭转、钻孔、锪平、热处理、探伤、喷丸、喷漆处理后得到导向臂成品。
所述热处理的步骤为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行淬火、回火,其中,所述淬火的温度为800–900℃,所述回火的温度为450–500℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明一种弹簧钢材料一方面通过加入质量百分比含量为0.05–0.15%的V、质量百分比含量为0.02–0.05%的Mo、质量百分比含量为0.01–0.02%的Nb、质量百分比含量为0.008%–0.018%的Ti、质量百分比含量为0.012%–0.035%的Als,以及质量比含量为0.002%–0.0080%的N,不仅细化了弹簧钢材料内部晶粒,使得弹簧钢材料的晶粒度达到了9级及以上,提高了弹簧钢材料的强韧性、抗疲劳性能,增加了弹簧钢材料的使用寿命,而且显著降低了V、Mo的含量,节约了成本,另一方面,通过调整C的质量比含量至0.50%–0.55%、Si的质量比含量至0.8–1.0%,保证了弹簧钢材料的回火稳定性和松驰稳定性,同时通过调整Mn的质量比含量至1.00%–1.20%、Cr的质量比含量至1.00%–1.20%,使得厚度小于60mm的弹性元件能完全淬透,显著提高了弹簧钢材料的淬透性。因此,本发明一种弹簧钢材料不仅具有较高的强度、韧性、抗疲劳性、淬透性,还节约了成本。
2、本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂由具有高强度、高韧性、高抗疲劳性、高淬透性的弹簧钢材料制备而成,使得导向臂也具有较高的强度、韧性、抗疲劳性、淬透性。因此,本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂具有较高的强度、韧性、抗疲劳性、淬透性。
3、本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂通过控制生产过程中热处理的淬火温度为800–900℃、回火温度为450–500℃,使得导向臂具有更高的强度和韧性。因此,因此,本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂具有较高的强韧性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
一种弹簧钢材料,所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.50%–0.55%、Si:0.80–1.00%、Mn:1.00%–1.20%、Cr:1.00%–1.20%、V:0.05–0.15%、Mo:0.02–0.05%、Nb:0.01–0.02%、Ti:0.008%–0.018%、Als:0.012%–0.035%、N:0.0020%–0.0080%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.025%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
一种汽车空气悬架导向臂,所述导向臂由弹簧钢材料制备而成,导向臂的制备方法为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行下料、轧制、校直、卷耳或包耳、铣耳侧、压Z弯、扭转、钻孔、锪平、热处理、探伤、喷丸、喷漆处理后得到导向臂成品。
所述热处理的步骤为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行淬火、回火,其中,所述淬火的温度为800–900℃,所述回火的温度为450–500℃。
本发明材料的原理说明如下:
本发明一种弹簧钢材料,在实现经济性的前提下,通过添加复合微合金化的V、Nb、Mo、Ti、Als,进一步细化晶粒,提升了弹簧钢材料的强韧性、抗疲劳性,通过微调Mn、Cr的质量百分比含量提升了弹簧钢材料的淬透性,通过微调C、Si的质量百分比含量提升了弹簧钢材料的回火稳定性和松弛稳定性,该弹簧钢材料适用于汽车空气悬架导向臂,也可适用于大截面钢板弹簧,特别适用于厚度小于60mm的弹性元件的生产。
本发明一种弹簧钢材料通过控制Als的质量百分比含量在特定范围内,相比传统弹簧钢材料,更能细化钢材内部晶粒,提升弹簧钢材料的强韧性,从而提升导向臂的质量和承载能力。
导向臂在生产过程中经历多道工序,对导向臂生产的工艺性提出了更高的要求,而本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂在生产过程中的淬火温度和回火温度是根据弹簧钢材料的特性和导向臂对工艺的要求确定的,因此,本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂具有更高的强韧性。
实施例1:
本发明一种弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.52%、Si:0.80%、Mn:1.13%、Cr:1.15%、V:0.09%、Mo:0.05%、Nb:0.02%、Ti:0.011%、Als:0.026%、N:0.0053%、P:0.015%、S:0.021%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,按照常规生产钢材的工艺即可得到该弹簧钢材料;
一种汽车空气悬架导向臂由上述弹簧钢材料制备而成,所述导向臂的制备方法为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行下料、轧制、校直、卷耳或包耳、铣耳侧、压Z弯、扭转、钻孔、锪平、热处理、探伤、喷丸、喷漆处理后得到导向臂成品,所述导向臂成品的厚度为56mm,所述热处理的步骤为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行淬火(油淬)、回火(水冷),其中,所述淬火的温度为830℃,所述回火的温度为480℃。
实施例2:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.55%、Si:0.92%、Mn:1.16%、Cr:1.00%、V:0.14%、Mo:0.02%、Nb:0.01%、Ti:0.010%、Als:0.012%、N:0.0049%、P:0.020%、S:0.025%;
所述导向臂的厚度为58mm,所述淬火的温度为800℃,所述回火的温度为450℃。
实施例3:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.54%、Si:1.00%、Mn:1.2%、Cr:1.17%、V:0.05%、Mo:0.03%、Nb:0.01%、Ti:0.017%、Als:0.035%、N:0.0080%、P:0.025%、S:0.019%;
所述导向臂的厚度为56mm,所述淬火的温度为838℃,所述回火的温度为478℃。
实施例4:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.50%、Si:0.88%、Mn:1.14%、Cr:1.19%、V:0.15%、Mo:0.05%、Nb:0.02%、Ti:0.018%、Als:0.032%、N:0.0020%、P:0.021%、S:0.011%;
所述导向臂的厚度为57mm,所述淬火的温度为900℃,所述回火的温度为493℃。
实施例5:
与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.51%、Si:0.83%、Mn:1.00%、Cr:1.20%、V:0.11%、Mo:0.04%、Nb:0.02%、Ti:0.008%、Als:0.027%、N:0.0033%、P:0.019%、S:0.013%;
所述导向臂的厚度为60mm,所述淬火的温度为871℃,所述回火的温度为500℃。
1、微观组织检测
对由实施例1制备得到的弹簧钢材料进行微观组织检测,其检测标准为GB/T6394金属平均晶粒度测定法、GB/T224钢的脱碳层深度测定法,其检测结果如表1:
表1微观组织检测
脱碳层深 | 金相组织 | 晶粒度 | |
实施例1 | 0.11mm | 1级 | 9级 |
由表1可知,由实施例1制备得到的弹簧钢材料的晶粒度达到了9级及以上,相比传统弹簧钢材料进一步细化了晶粒。
2、力学性能检测
对由实施例1制备得到的弹簧钢材料进行力学性能检测,其检测标准为GB/T231.1金属洛氏硬度试验、GB/T228.1金属材料金属拉伸试验方法、GB/T2975钢及钢产品力学性能试验取样位置和试样制备,其检测结果如表2:
表2力学性能检测
由表2可知,由实施例1制备得到的弹簧钢材料表面硬度达到了46.5HRC,心部硬度达到了44.5HRC,抗拉强度达到了1528Mpa,屈服强度达到了1355Mpa,断后伸长率达到了10.5%,断面收缩率达到了36.0%,U型冲击功达到了24J,因此,本发明一种弹簧钢材料具有较高的强度和韧性。
3、抗疲劳性能检测
对由实施例1制备得到的导向臂进行台架试验,以得到导向臂的疲劳寿命,所述台架试验为对左、右导向臂同时以2HZ的加载频率、0.25–2.5的加载倍数进行停止试验,检查导向臂断裂情况,其检测结果如表3:
表3台架试验
疲劳寿命 | 断裂情况 |
55.5万次停止试验 | 未断 |
55.3万次停止试验 | 未断 |
55.6万次停止试验 | 未断 |
由表3可知,本发明一种汽车空气悬架导向臂的抗疲劳性能得到了提升,满足了工业生产中导向臂疲劳寿命大于30万次的要求。
4、淬透性检测
对由实施例1制备得到的弹簧钢材料进行淬透性检测,其检测标准为GB/T225钢的淬透性末端淬火试验方法,其检测结果如表4:
表4淬透性试验
由表4可知,本发明一种弹簧钢材料相比51CrV4材料,其淬透性得到了显著的提升。
Claims (3)
1.一种弹簧钢材料,其特征在于:所述弹簧钢材料的成分及质量百分比含量为:C:0.50%–0.55%、Si:0.80–1.00%、Mn:1.00%–1.20%、Cr:1.00%–1.20%、V:0.05–0.15%、Mo:0.02–0.05%、Nb:0.01–0.02%、Ti:0.008%–0.018%、Als:0.012%–0.035%、N:0.0020%–0.0080%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.025%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.一种汽车空气悬架导向臂,其特征在于:所述导向臂由权利要求1所述的一种弹簧钢材料制备而成,导向臂的制备方法为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行下料、轧制、校直、卷耳或包耳、铣耳侧、压Z弯、扭转、钻孔、锪平、热处理、探伤、喷丸、喷漆处理后得到导向臂成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽车空气悬架导向臂,其特征在于:所述热处理的步骤为:对弹簧钢材料依次进行淬火、回火,其中,所述淬火的温度为800–900℃,所述回火的温度为450–500℃。
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