CN110247190B - Ku wave band waveguide filtering antenna - Google Patents
Ku wave band waveguide filtering antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110247190B CN110247190B CN201910507086.XA CN201910507086A CN110247190B CN 110247190 B CN110247190 B CN 110247190B CN 201910507086 A CN201910507086 A CN 201910507086A CN 110247190 B CN110247190 B CN 110247190B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
- H01Q21/12—Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Ku wave band waveguide filter antenna, which solves the technical problems of low integration and large size and area, and adopts a waveguide filter loaded with metal ridges and a waveguide slot antenna radiation array which are integrated, wherein the metal ridges are loaded in a waveguide resonator of the waveguide filter; the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is characterized in that n longitudinal slot structures are periodically arranged on one wall surface of a waveguide, and the distance between the adjacent longitudinal slot structures is 1/2 waveguide wavelengths; the technical scheme that n is a positive integer larger than 1 better solves the problem, the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array are integrally and jointly designed to form the waveguide filter antenna, the filter antenna has the radiation and filtering functions at the same time, the multifunctional antenna is realized, and the problem that the traditional antenna is single in performance is solved and can be used in the filter antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of passive antennas, in particular to a Ku waveband waveguide filter antenna.
Background
In order to prevent mutual interference of electromagnetic wave signals of different frequency bands in antenna radiation and to achieve structural miniaturization in antenna design and processing, an antenna and a filter are integrated in a radio frequency front-end circuit, that is, filtering performance is integrated in antenna design, and the antenna with the filtering characteristic is generally called a filtering antenna. Its main function is to improve the performance of antenna and reduce the size of whole antenna, so as to achieve the purpose of integration and miniaturization. Generally, the main role of an antenna in a communication system is to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves, and a band-pass filter is often added at the front end of the antenna to filter out frequency bands which are not needed by people, and signals of the needed frequency bands are not affected as much as possible. Conventional circuits require matching of antennas etc. in series to maximize their efficiency. Once the impedances are mismatched, the performance of the antenna and its system deteriorates.
Because electromagnetic waves have the capacity of mutual interference in space, a plurality of identical antenna elements are arranged according to a certain rule, and different excitations are given to each element to achieve the preset radiation characteristics, and the antenna with a plurality of radiating elements is called an array antenna. The array antenna can be divided into a linear array, a planar array, etc. according to the arrangement of the antenna elements. When designing an array antenna, the array plane is first properly integrated. The number of the units of the antenna array, the unit arrangement and the amplitude-phase excitation value of each unit are calculated according to the antenna indexes provided by the system. The most common problem with antennas is the integration of antenna patterns, which are designed to achieve the desired pattern characteristics.
The waveguide slot antenna radiation array is an antenna formed by a plurality of unit antennas and is called as an antenna array or an array antenna, the array antenna can effectively enhance the radiation directivity, and meanwhile, the beam forming means of an array antenna directional diagram is simpler, so that the array antenna is widely applied to communication and radar systems. Among the array antenna families, the waveguide slot antenna is the most commonly adopted array antenna form, slots can generate electromagnetic waves at different positions on a waveguide wall, and the common slot mode comprises narrow-side inclined slots, wide-side longitudinal slots, wide-side middle-line inclined slots and the like. The wall current intensity of the slit cut at different positions is different, and the relevant parameters of the slits are controlled, so that various required directional diagram performances can be realized. The antennas are arranged according to a certain method, so that the gains of the antennas can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the aim of reducing side lobes can be achieved.
The waveguide slot antenna array is easier to control because of the aperture distribution, is easier to realize beam forming, low side lobe and even extremely low side lobe, does not generate extra energy loss because of the irradiation of a feed source like a reflector antenna, and does not influence the detection range because of aperture shielding. And the waveguide slot array antenna can be conformal with carriers such as airplanes, ships and the like, because the antenna has a compact structure, a feed system is easy to assemble with the antenna into a whole, and the system loaded with the waveguide slot array has higher stability and safety through conformal design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low integration, large size and large area in the prior art. The novel Ku waveband waveguide filter antenna has the advantages of being good in gain flatness, good in performance and simple in structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme is as follows:
a Ku waveband waveguide filter antenna comprises a waveguide filter and a waveguide slot antenna which are integrated and loaded with metal ridges, wherein the metal ridges are loaded in a waveguide resonator of the waveguide filter; the waveguide slot antenna is characterized in that n longitudinal slot structures are periodically arranged on one wall surface of a waveguide, and the distance between the adjacent longitudinal slot structures is 1/2 waveguide wavelengths;
wherein n is a positive integer greater than 1.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the existing traditional filter antenna design method only considers the performance of a single device, but not the whole range, and cannot realize the defects of low integration, large size and large area that the filter antenna has the radiation and filtering functions. The invention integrates and jointly designs the antenna and the filter to form the filtering antenna, so that the antenna has two functions of radiation and filtering, and the multifunction of the device is realized. The size of the resonant cavity is reduced by loading the metal ridge in the rectangular waveguide resonant cavity to generate a capacitance effect, and meanwhile, the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array are integrally combined, so that better filtering characteristics and good impedance matching can be realized. The antenna gain flatness is good, the performance is good, the structure is simple, the size and the area of three-dimensional packaging are effectively reduced in the structure, the integration is high, the filter antenna has the advantages of more compact structure, light weight, low cost and the like, and a foundation is laid for designing an integrated communication system.
In the above scheme, for optimization, further, the longitudinal slit structure is a broadside longitudinal slit structure.
Further, n is 6.
Further, the length of the wide side of the wide-side longitudinal slot structure is 5mm, the distance between adjacent wide-side longitudinal slot structures is 18mm, the distance between the wide-side longitudinal slot structure and the wide side of the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is 2mm, and a short circuit is realized at a position 7mm away from the narrow side of the waveguide slot antenna.
Further, the prototype of the waveguide filter loaded with the metal ridge is a 4-stage chebyshev low-pass filter; the width of the metal ridge is 2mm, the distance between the metal ridge and the edge of the waveguide resonant cavity is 2.5mm, and the length of the waveguide resonant cavity is 7 mm.
Further, the longitudinal slit structure is a narrow-side inclined slit.
Further, the longitudinal slit structure is an inclined slit structure with a broadside center line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the waveguide structure to design the waveguide filter antenna, and the size of the resonant cavity is shortened by loading the metal ridge in the rectangular waveguide resonant cavity to generate the capacitance effect, so that the structure of the filter is compact, and the front end of the receiver is miniaturized. And then the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array are subjected to integrated combined design, an impedance matching structure is omitted, the size of the filter antenna is reduced, the filter antenna has good radiation characteristics and filtering frequency selection characteristics of the filter, out-of-band spurious signals are well inhibited, a foundation is laid for realizing an integrated communication system, and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array can be used in satellite and radar communication systems.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of design of a Ku-band waveguide filter antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art waveguide filter model without metal ridges.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide filter model loaded with metal ridges in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide filter antenna model in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 shows the results of S-parameter simulation for the metal-ridge-free waveguide filter and the metal-ridge-loaded waveguide filter.
Fig. 6, a graph of waveguide filter antenna reflection coefficients.
Fig. 7 is a graph of waveguide filter antenna gain results.
Fig. 8, waveguide filter antenna pattern.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a Ku-band waveguide filter antenna, which includes an integrated waveguide filter loaded with metal ridges and a waveguide slot antenna, where the metal ridges are loaded in a waveguide resonator of the waveguide filter; the waveguide slot antenna is characterized in that n longitudinal slot structures are periodically arranged on one wall surface of a waveguide, and the distance between the adjacent longitudinal slot structures is 1/2 waveguide wavelengths; wherein n is a positive integer greater than 1.
Specifically, the longitudinal slit structure is a broadside longitudinal slit structure.
Specifically, n is 6.
Specifically, the length of the wide side of the wide-side longitudinal slot structure is 5mm, the distance between adjacent wide-side longitudinal slot structures is 18mm, the distance between the wide-side longitudinal slot structure and the wide side of the waveguide slot antenna is 2mm, and a short circuit is realized at a position 7mm away from the narrow side of the waveguide slot antenna.
In detail, the prototype of the waveguide filter loaded with metal ridges is a 4-stage chebyshev low-pass filter; the width of the metal ridge is 2mm, the distance between the metal ridge and the edge of the waveguide resonant cavity is 2.5mm, and the length of the waveguide resonant cavity is 7 mm.
The Ku-band waveguide filter antenna of the embodiment has the advantages that the size of the resonant cavity is shortened by loading the metal ridge in the rectangular waveguide resonant cavity to generate the capacitance effect, so that the filter has a compact structure, and then the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array are integrally and jointly designed. As shown in fig. 1, the waveguide bandpass filter is designed, then the design of the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is performed on the basis, and finally the overall performance and the system are optimized.
(1) Developing waveguide bandpass filter designs
In order to ensure that the filtering antenna has the radiation characteristic of the antenna and the good filtering and frequency-selecting characteristic of the filter, a band-pass filter is firstly designed. The center frequency of the waveguide band-pass filter is 15GHz, the relative bandwidth is 2%, and the return loss is 20 dB. In this embodiment, a 4-stage chebyshev low-pass filter prototype is used to design a band-pass filter, and a table look-up 1 is used to obtain the low-pass prototype component values of the 0.01dB ripple 4-stage chebyshev band-pass filter as follows:
g0＝1，g1＝0.7128，g2＝1.2003，g3＝1.3212，g4＝0.6476，g5＝1.1007。
from the obtained low-pass prototype component value g, the coupling coefficient of the filter and the input/output quality factor can be calculated by using the following coupling formula, and the parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 coupling coefficient of Filter
| (Qe)A | k12 | k23 | k34 | (Qe)B |
| 35.64 | 0.0216 | 0.0159 | 0.0216 | 35.64 |
Where w2 and w1 are the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of the 3dB passband of the filter, WFBW is the relative bandwidth of the filter, (Qe) a and (Qe) B are the filter external quality factor, kj, j +1 is the coupling coefficient between any two adjacent resonant cells.
A standard waveguide WR62 working in a Ku waveband is selected as a simulation model, the length of the wide side of the simulation model is 15.8mm, and the length of the narrow side of the simulation model is 7.9 mm. The input and output ports of the waveguide filter and the resonant cavities are coupled by adopting the inductive diaphragms, and the coupling amount between the resonant cavities can be adjusted by controlling the size of the coupling window of the inductive diaphragms. Fig. 2 shows a waveguide band-pass filter model without metal ridges, which is composed of an inductive window and a resonant cavity, and the total length is 60.7 mm. The relationship between the frequency of the rectangular cavity and each length is shown in equation 5. The TEmnp and TMmnp mode frequencies of the resonator are denoted as fmnp. a, b, l are the width, height and length of the cavity.
FIG. 3 is a waveguide filter model loaded with metal ridges to generate capacitance effect by loading metal ridges in a resonant cavity, which can be equivalently regarded as a transmission line structure with a capacitor connected in parallel on a waveguide transmission line; compared with the waveguide resonator without the metal ridge, the method for loading the metal ridge shortens the size of the waveguide resonant cavity, so that the waveguide filter has a compact structure. Considering the requirement of the process and the convenience of processing at the later stage, the width of the metal ridge is 2mm, the distance between the metal ridge and the edge of the resonant cavity is 2.5mm, the length of the resonant cavity is 7mm at least, and the total length of the whole waveguide filter is 46 mm.
In this embodiment, the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity can be controlled by adjusting the length and height of the metal ridge. Fig. 5 shows the simulation results of the S-parameters of the metal-ridge-free waveguide filter and the metal-ridge-loaded waveguide filter. As can be seen from fig. 2 to 4, when the metal-ridge-free waveguide filter and the metal-ridge-loaded waveguide filter have the same S-parameter response characteristics, the length of the metal-ridge-free waveguide filter is 60.7mm, and the length of the metal-ridge-loaded waveguide filter is 46mm, which proves the feasibility of shortening the filter size by loading the metal ridge.
(2) Design for developing waveguide slot antenna radiation array
The waveguide slot antenna has the advantages of high power capacity, low loss, easy integration and the like, and is widely applied to the radar antenna, so the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is designed on the basis of the waveguide band-pass filter. Since the directivity of a single waveguide slot antenna is weak, in order to improve the directivity of the antenna, a plurality of slots may be simultaneously opened on one wall surface of the waveguide, thereby constituting a waveguide slot antenna array. The excitation strength of the antenna is changed by changing the position of the slot, thereby obtaining a desired amplitude distribution.
Based on this, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a plurality of slots (greater than 1) are periodically opened on both sides of the center line of the waveguide wide wall, and at this time, 6 wide-edge longitudinal slot structures are adopted to cut off the surface current on the inner wall surface of the waveguide to realize antenna radiation, so as to form a waveguide slot antenna array, and realize the integrated design of the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna array.
The opened 6 slots have resonance characteristics, the waveguide longitudinal slot array working in a resonance mode has the distance between adjacent longitudinal slots of 18mm, short circuit is realized at the position 7mm away from the last slot, and the equivalent input conductance of the slot antenna array is the sum of the conductances of all the slots because the opened slot structures are separated by half waveguide wavelength. The slot antenna array can realize the radiation characteristic of the filter antenna. The length, width and offset from the waveguide centerline are consistent for all slots in fig. 5.
(3) Simulation results and analysis
The combined simulation optimization is carried out on the waveguide filter and the waveguide slot antenna radiation array so as to ensure that the frequency-selecting filtering frequency can reach a Ku wave band, and meanwhile, the characteristics of good filtering characteristic and good gain flatness are achieved. The waveguide filter antenna modeling can be subjected to simulation optimization design by using full-wave commercial simulation software HFSS, and the designed waveguide filter antenna filtering performance can be verified. Fig. 6 and 7 are graphs of reflection coefficient and gain results of waveguide filter antennas simulated in three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.
As can be seen from the simulation results of FIGS. 6 and 7, the waveguide filter antenna works in the frequency range from 14.85GHz to 15.15GHz, the reflection coefficient in the band is better than-16.78 dB, the uniformity of the antenna gain flatness is good, the peak gain reaches 12dBi, and the simulation results verify that the waveguide filter antenna has the characteristics of good filter characteristics and good gain flatness. Fig. 8 is a directional diagram of a waveguide filter antenna.
In the embodiment, a 4-level Chebyshev low-pass filter prototype is adopted to design a band-pass filter, a waveguide filter model with metal ridges is loaded, and the metal ridges are loaded in a resonant cavity to generate a capacitance effect, so that the size of the waveguide resonant cavity is shortened, and the waveguide filter has a compact structure.
The frequency of the embodiment is selected to work in a ku wave band and within a frequency range from 14.85GHz to 15.15GHz, the reflection coefficient in a band is better than-16.78 dB, the peak gain reaches 12dBi, the gain flatness is good, the performance is good, the advantages of good filtering characteristic and good gain flatness are achieved, a foundation is laid for realizing an integrated communication system, and the method can be used in satellite and radar communication systems.
The design scheme of the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is designed and modeled on the basis of the waveguide band-pass filter, achieves the effect that the filter antenna has radiation and filtering functions, achieves multiple functions, is more integrated in structure, small in size and more perfect in function, and solves the problem of single performance of the traditional antenna.
Compared with the element antenna, the waveguide slot antenna radiation array antenna has the advantages of high gain, narrow beam, low side lobe and easy beam pointing control. When designing an array antenna, the array plane is first properly integrated. The number of the elements of the antenna array, the arrangement of the elements and the amplitude-phase excitation value of each element are calculated according to the antenna indexes, namely the shape of a directional diagram, the beam width, the side lobe suppression, the gain and the like. The technical scheme of the waveguide slot antenna radiation array antenna in the 4 mode adopts a longitudinal slot mode of a wide edge, and can also adopt a mode of an inclined slot of a narrow edge, an inclined slot of a central line of the wide edge and the like, wall current intensity of slot cutting at different positions is different, and relevant parameters of the slots are controlled, so that various required directional diagram performances can be realized. Meanwhile, the waveguide slot array antenna can be designed by adopting a plurality of classical comprehensive methods such as a Fourier method, a Taylor method, a perturbation method and a Woodford method.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that all the inventive concepts using the present invention are protected as long as they can be changed within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A Ku-band waveguide filter antenna, characterized in that: the Ku waveband waveguide filter antenna comprises an integrated waveguide filter loaded with metal ridges and a waveguide slot antenna radiation array, wherein the metal ridges are loaded in a waveguide resonator of the waveguide filter;
the waveguide slot antenna radiation array is characterized in that n longitudinal slot structures are periodically arranged on one wall surface of a waveguide, and the distance between the adjacent longitudinal slot structures is 1/2 waveguide wavelengths;
wherein n is a positive integer greater than 1;
a longitudinal slit structure or an inclined slit with narrow edges; or an inclined gap structure of the middle line of the wide side; or a wide-edge longitudinal slit structure;
the waveguide filter loaded with the metal ridges is a 4-level Chebyshev low-pass filter loaded with the metal ridges.
2. The Ku-band waveguide filter antenna according to claim 1, wherein: and n is 6.
3. The Ku-band waveguide filter antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the length of the wide side of the wide-side longitudinal slot structure is 5mm, the distance between adjacent wide-side longitudinal slot structures is 18mm, the distance between the wide-side longitudinal slot structure and the wide side of the waveguide slot antenna is 2mm, and a short circuit is realized at a position 7mm away from the wide-side longitudinal slot structure closest to the narrow side of the waveguide slot antenna.
4. The Ku-band waveguide filter antenna according to claim 3, wherein: the prototype of the waveguide filter loaded with the metal ridges is a 4-level Chebyshev low-pass filter; the width of the metal ridge is 2mm, the distance between the metal ridge and the edge of the waveguide resonant cavity is 2.5mm, and the length of the waveguide resonant cavity is 7 mm.
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| CN110828951B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2024-06-04 | 成都雷电微力科技股份有限公司 | Ridge waveguide band-pass filter and filtering structure |
| CN114069181B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2023-01-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniaturized non-contact waveguide transmission line and application |
| CN114069172A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-02-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniaturized non-contact low-passive intermodulation waveguide filter, design method and application |
| CN115458910B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-07-02 | 四川大学 | Modularized dual-frequency AMC load filter antenna manufactured by combining 3D printing and PCB modes |
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| CN101814661A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2010-08-25 | 天津工程师范学院 | Trapezoidal waveguide slot array antenna unit |
| CN102394365A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-28 | 东南大学 | Filtering antenna with horizontal polarization orientation plane |
| CN102509838B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Wideband working waveguide traveling wave power synthesis amplifier |
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| CN104733816B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-09-15 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of bandpass filter based on gap waveguide technology |
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| CN106876853B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2022-12-06 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | Ku-waveband broadband orthogonal mode coupler |
| CN107196025B (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2019-12-10 | 东南大学 | Silicon-based SIW band metal column clamped beam reconfigurable band-pass filter for Internet of things |
| WO2019056350A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 | Mems coaxial filter, and manufacturing method |
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