CN110246205B - Automatic typesetting method for planar workpieces - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic typesetting method for planar workpieces, which comprises the steps of inputting the sizes of planar workpieces and plates to be typeset and setting typesetting precision; gridding the workpiece graph according to the precision, and defining a calculation graph and a reference point of the workpiece graph; dividing the plate graph into orthogonal grids according to the precision requirement, and setting integer variables for mathematical programming; and establishing a mathematical model according to the layout problem of the planar workpieces by using a mathematical programming principle, sequentially setting a target function and a constraint condition, converting the mathematical model into a linear programming problem, searching an optimal solution through a computer mathematical programming solver, converting the obtained result into a planar graph, and obtaining a planar workpiece arrangement scheme. The automatic typesetting method for the plane workpieces enables the plane workpieces to be densely arranged in a given plate size range without overlapping, thereby saving a large amount of labor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of panel processing trepanning, and particularly relates to an automatic typesetting method for a planar workpiece.
Background
At present, the laser cutting or CNC milling and other plane processing technologies mostly use plates with standard specifications, and plane workpieces to be processed need to be closely arranged on the plates without overlapping. The actual nesting and typesetting process is often performed manually, a lot of time and energy are consumed, and the material consumption is difficult to be estimated accurately quickly. The existing plane automatic optimization algorithm is mainly based on a genetic algorithm and a multi-agent algorithm, the calculation time is long, the components are arranged in an approximately rectangular shape, and the automatic typesetting is easy to cause the condition of low material utilization rate for plane components in any shapes. In addition, most of the existing relevant blanking typesetting software has the technical core and intellectual property rights introduced abroad, so that the use cost is higher, and fewer domestic independent research and development products are available.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides an automatic typesetting method for a plane workpiece. The method is an automatic typesetting method for the plane workpieces based on mathematical programming, so that the plane workpieces are densely arranged in a given plate size range and are not overlapped with each other, a large amount of manual labor is saved, the material cost is conveniently and quickly and accurately estimated, and the method has important reference value in the early production scheme determination stage.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an automatic typesetting method for a plane workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the CAD original graph of the planar workpiece to be typeset and the size of a processed plate, and setting the typesetting precision according to the size of the workpiece; the number of the types of the workpieces needing to be typeset is recorded as N, and the number of the types of the workpieces needing to be typeset is respectively recorded as N 1 ,n 2 ,…,n N ；
(2) Respectively placing the original graph of each workpiece in an orthogonal grid system formed by square grid cells arranged in rows and columns according to the precision requirement, and recording the coordinates of the center points of the grid cells in the ith row and the jth column as (i, j); recording the grid cell area covered by each workpiece original graph, taking the grid cell area as the calculation graph of the corresponding workpiece, wherein the calculation graph is used for further nesting and typesetting, and the calculation graphs of the N workpieces are respectively marked as t 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N (ii) a If the set of the calculation patterns of all kinds of workpieces is denoted as T, T = { T = 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N }；
(3) Calculating a pattern t for any kind of workpiece x E.g. T, defining the center point of the top left grid cell of the minimum circumscribed rectangle in the grid system as the reference point, and marking as v x (ii) a Will calculate the graph t x Relative to its reference point v x By a two-dimensional vector set V cac Representing; recording the position relation of the original pattern of the workpiece relative to the reference point, and collecting the position relation through a two-dimensional vector set V ori Represents; the position relation is used as a basis for converting the calculated graph typesetting result into a final processing graph file;
(4) Dividing the plate graph into orthogonal grids according to the grid unit size specification which is the same as the workpiece graph gridding, and setting integer variables for mathematical programming; recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; i.e. for arbitrary grid cellsF belongs to F, and an integer variable set P is set f ；
(5) Placing each workpiece calculation graph to be typeset in the plate grid area and aligning with the plate grid cells to ensure that the grid cells in the plate grid are occupied by the workpiece calculation graphs and the workpiece calculation graphs are not overlapped with each other; establishing an integer programming mathematical model on the basis to obtain a target function of the mathematical model; according to the non-overlapping characteristic of the workpieces, increasing limitation on integer variables to serve as constraint conditions for solving an optimal solution through mathematical programming; converting the problem of the layout of the planar workpiece into a problem of solving an extreme value by a linear function under constraint conditions in mathematical programming;
(6) Calculating the optimal solution of the objective function by using a common mathematical programming solver or mathematical calculation software in the field of overall science; the optimal solution is an integer variable set P corresponding to any grid unit F epsilon F f The value composition of each element in the Chinese medicinal composition;
(7) Determining the position of each workpiece on the plate according to the variable value in the optimal solution; placing the original processing graphs of all the workpieces into a plate grid to obtain a CAD file of a cutting graph finally used for processing;
(8) And exporting the CAD processing file to finish the automatic typesetting process of the plane workpiece.
Further, the set V of step (3) cac To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x As a starting point, t x The set of two-dimensional vectors with the center point of any grid unit u as the end point can be expressed as:
V cac ＝{vector(u,v x )|u∈t x }；
calculate the graph as t x The original pattern of the workpiece is composed of polygons formed by points, and the set of all the forming points of the original pattern is marked as P t And record P t The connection relation between the various constituent points; the set V ori To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x Starting from the set P t The set of two-dimensional vectors with any arbitrary point p as the end point can be expressed as:
V ori ＝{vector(p,v x )|p∈P t }。
further, the integer variables for mathematical programming are set in the step (4), and the method is as follows:
recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; for any grid cell F ∈ F, a set of integer variables is defined
For any integer variable->
Has->
Wherein m represents the m type of workpiece, and m belongs to {1,2, …, N }; />
Representing a calculated pattern t of a workpiece m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f according to the two-dimensional vector set V in the step (3) cac The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V cac Center point of each grid cell relative to v m By vector addition, a calculated graph t is obtained m The coordinates of the central point of each grid cell in the set F, and the corresponding grid cell area in the set F is occupied by the workpiece; otherwise, the workpiece calculates the graph t m Reference point v of m When the center point of the grid cell f is not coincided with, then there is ≥>
Further, the objective function of the mathematical model in step (5) is:
wherein, W m For calculating a graph t m The number of occupied grid cells.
Further, in the step (5), according to the non-overlapping features of the workpieces, a limit is added to an integer variable to be used as a constraint condition for solving an optimal solution through mathematical programming, and the method comprises the following steps:
for any grid unit F epsilon F, calculating the graph t at will x E.t, enumerate f in turn by T x All cases of occupancy, record f by t x Grid cell center points and computation graph t under all occupied conditions x Reference point v of x Overlapping grid cells, denoted as set G x The available function is:
wherein G represents G x Grid cell of (1), G (t) x ) Is shown at f by t x In all cases of occupation, set G x Coordinates of center point of inner grid cell and calculation graph t x Reference point v x The number of grid cells with the same coordinates, i.e. grid cells f, being calculated for the graph t x The number of occupancies;
if the workpiece is not allowed to overlap, the grid cell f can be occupied by only one workpiece, and the following expression is given:
the number of each workpiece arranged into the plate grid is not more than the preset required number of each workpiece, and the following expression is given:
in the formula, n m Representing the number of typesetting required by the mth workpiece; using formula (c) as constraint condition 1 for obtaining optimal solution, and using formula (d) as constraint conditionConstraint 2 for the optimal solution.
Further, in the step (7), the position of each workpiece on the plate is determined according to the variable value in the obtained optimal solution, and the method comprises the following steps:
if present, is
And->
Calculate the graph t m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f, and collecting V according to the two-dimensional vector in the step (3) ori The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V ori In the original graph, the constituting points of the original graph are opposite to v m The vectors are added to obtain the coordinates of each constituent point of the original graph; obtaining the original graph of the workpiece of the corresponding type with the determined position on the plate according to the obtained coordinates of the constituent points and the recorded connection relation between the constituent points; go through all>
In this case, the positioning of all the original patterns of the workpiece is completed.
Further, after completing the typesetting of one plate, the number of each workpiece needing to be processed is updated to be used as a basis for the subsequent plate typesetting.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the automatic typesetting method for the planar workpieces ensures that the planar workpieces are densely arranged in the given plate size range and are not overlapped, saves a large amount of manpower, is convenient for quickly and accurately estimating the material cost, and has important reference value in the early production scheme determining stage. Compared with other existing software in the related field, the method has the advantages of simple and clear function, easiness in operation and lower use cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for automatic layout of a flat workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general workpiece gridding;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of workpiece meshing with an inner region nesting;
fig. 4 is a constraint explanatory diagram for preventing overlapping of workpieces.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the CAD original graph of the planar workpiece to be typeset and the size of a processed plate, and setting the typesetting precision according to the size of the workpiece; the number of the types of the workpieces to be typeset is recorded as N, and the number of the workpieces to be typeset is recorded as N 1 ,n 2 ,…,n N ；
(2) Respectively placing the original graph of each workpiece in an orthogonal grid system formed by square grid cells arranged in rows and columns according to the precision requirement, and recording the coordinates of the center points of the grid cells in the ith row and the jth column as (i, j); recording the grid cell area covered by each workpiece original graph, taking the grid cell area as the calculation graph of the corresponding workpiece, wherein the calculation graph is used for further nesting and typesetting, and the calculation graphs of the N workpieces are respectively marked as t 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N (ii) a If the set of the calculation patterns of all kinds of workpieces is denoted as T, T = { T = { (T) } 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N }；
(3) Calculating a pattern t for any kind of workpiece x E, T, defining the center point of the top left grid unit of the minimum bounding rectangle in the grid system as the reference point, and marking as v x (ii) a Will calculate the graph t x Relative to its reference point v x By a two-dimensional vector set V cac Represents; as shown in fig. 2, the recorderThe position relation of the original graph relative to the reference point is determined by a two-dimensional vector set V ori Representing; the position relation is used as a basis for converting the calculated graph typesetting result into a final processing graph file;
(4) Dividing the plate graph into orthogonal grids according to the grid unit size specification which is the same as the workpiece graph gridding, and setting integer variables for mathematical programming; recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; namely, for any grid cell F epsilon F, setting an integer variable set P f ；
(5) Placing each workpiece calculation graph to be typeset in a plate grid area and aligning the workpiece calculation graphs with the plate grid cells to ensure that the grid cells in the plate grid are occupied by the workpiece calculation graphs and the workpiece calculation graphs are not overlapped; establishing an integer programming mathematical model on the basis to obtain a target function of the mathematical model; according to the non-overlapping characteristic of the workpieces, increasing the limit on the integer variable as a constraint condition for solving the optimal solution by mathematical programming; converting the problem of the layout of the planar workpiece into a problem of solving an extreme value by a linear function under constraint conditions in mathematical programming;
(6) Calculating the optimal solution of the objective function by using a common mathematical programming solver or mathematical calculation software in the field of overall science; the optimal solution is an integer variable set P corresponding to any grid unit F epsilon F f The value composition of each element in the Chinese medicinal composition;
(7) Determining the position of each workpiece on the plate according to the variable value in the optimal solution; placing the original processing graph of each workpiece into a plate grid to obtain a CAD file of a cutting graph finally used for processing;
(8) And exporting the CAD processing file to finish the automatic typesetting process of the plane workpiece.
Step (3) said set V cac To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x As a starting point, t x The set of two-dimensional vectors with the center point of any grid unit u as the end point can be expressed as:
V cac ＝{vector(u,v x )|u∈t x }；
calculate the graph as t x The original pattern of the workpiece is composed of polygons formed by points, and the set of all the forming points of the original pattern is marked as P t And record P t The connection relation between the various constituent points; the set V ori To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x Starting from the set P t The set of two-dimensional vectors with any arbitrary point p as the end point can be expressed as:
V ori ＝{vector(p,v x )|p∈P t }。
setting integer variables for mathematical programming in the step (4), wherein the method comprises the following steps:
recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; for any grid cell F ∈ F, a set of integer variables is defined
For any integer variable->
Has->
Wherein m represents the m type of workpiece, and m belongs to {1,2, …, N }; />
Representing a calculated pattern t of a workpiece m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f according to the two-dimensional vector set V in the step (3) cac The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V cac Center point of each grid cell relative to v m By adding the vectors of (c), a calculated graph t is obtained m The coordinates of the central point of each grid unit, and the corresponding grid unit area in the set F is occupied by the workpiece; otherwise, the workpiece calculates the graph t m Reference point v of m And grid cell fDoes not coincide with a central point of (B), then there is->
The objective function of the mathematical model in the step (5) is as follows:
wherein, W m For calculating a graph t m The number of occupied grid cells.
And (5) adding a limit to integer variables according to the non-overlapping characteristics of the workpieces to serve as a constraint condition for solving an optimal solution through mathematical programming, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
for any grid unit F epsilon F, calculating the graph t at will x E.t, enumerate f in turn by T x All cases of occupancy, record f by t x Grid cell center points and computation graph t under all occupied conditions x Reference point v of x Overlapping grid cells, denoted as set G x As shown in fig. 4, the available function:
wherein G represents G x Grid cell of (1), G (t) x ) Is shown at f by t x In all cases of occupation, set G x Center point coordinates of inner grid cells and calculation graph t x Reference point v x The number of grid cells with the same coordinates, i.e. grid cells f, being calculated for the graph t x The number of occupancies;
if the workpiece is not allowed to overlap, the grid cell f can be occupied by only one workpiece, and the following expression is given:
the number of each workpiece arranged into the plate grid is not more than the preset required number of each workpiece, and the following expression is given:
in the formula, n m Representing the number of typesetting needed by the mth workpiece; equation (c) is used as constraint 1 for obtaining an optimal solution, and equation (d) is used as constraint 2 for obtaining an optimal solution.
And (7) determining the position of each workpiece on the plate according to the variable value in the obtained optimal solution, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
if present, is
And->
Calculate the graph t m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f, and collecting V according to the two-dimensional vector in the step (3) ori The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V ori In the original graph, the constituting points of the original graph are opposite to v m The vectors are added to obtain the coordinates of each constituent point of the original graph; obtaining the original graphs of the workpieces of the corresponding types with determined positions on the plate materials according to the obtained coordinates of the constituent points and the recorded connection relation among the constituent points; go through all->
In this case, the positioning of all the original patterns of the workpiece is completed.
And after the typesetting of one plate is finished, updating the number of each workpiece needing to be processed as a basis for the subsequent plate typesetting.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic typesetting method for a plane workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining the CAD original graph of the planar workpiece to be typeset and the size of a processed plate, and setting the typesetting precision according to the size of the workpiece; the number of the types of the workpieces needing to be typeset is recorded as N, and the number of the types of the workpieces needing to be typeset is respectively recorded as N 1 ,n 2 ,…,n N ；
(2) Respectively placing the original graph of each workpiece in an orthogonal grid system formed by square grid cell row and column arrangement according to the precision requirement, and marking the coordinates of the central points of the grid cells in the ith row and the jth column as (i, j); recording the grid cell area covered by each workpiece original graph, taking the grid cell area as the calculation graph of the corresponding type of workpiece, wherein the calculation graph is used for further nesting and typesetting, and the calculation graphs of the N types of workpieces are respectively marked as t 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N (ii) a If the set of the calculation patterns of all kinds of workpieces is denoted as T, T = { T = { (T) } 1 ,t 2 ,…,t N }；
(3) Calculating a pattern t for any kind of workpiece x E.g. T, defining the center point of the top left grid cell of the minimum circumscribed rectangle in the grid system as the reference point, and marking as v x (ii) a The graph t will be calculated x Relative to its reference point v x By a two-dimensional vector set V cac Representing; recording the position relation of the original pattern of the workpiece relative to the reference point, and collecting the position relation through a two-dimensional vector set V ori Represents; the position relation is used as a basis for converting the calculated graph typesetting result into a final processing graph file;
(4) Dividing the plate graph into orthogonal grids according to the grid unit size specification which is the same as the workpiece graph gridding, and setting integer variables for mathematical programming; recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; namely, for any grid cell F epsilon F, setting an integer variable set P f ；
(5) Placing each workpiece calculation graph to be typeset in the plate grid area and aligning with the plate grid cells to ensure that the grid cells in the plate grid are occupied by the workpiece calculation graphs and the workpiece calculation graphs are not overlapped with each other; establishing an integer programming mathematical model on the basis to obtain a target function of the mathematical model; according to the non-overlapping characteristic of the workpieces, increasing the limit on the integer variable as a constraint condition for solving the optimal solution by mathematical programming;
(6) Calculating an optimal solution of the objective function; the optimal solution is an integer variable set P corresponding to any grid unit F epsilon F f The value composition of each element in the Chinese medicinal composition;
(7) Determining the position of each workpiece on the plate according to the variable value in the obtained optimal solution; placing the original processing graph of each workpiece into a plate grid to obtain a CAD file of a cutting graph finally used for processing;
(8) And exporting the CAD processing file to finish the automatic typesetting process of the plane workpiece.
2. The automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step (3) said set V cac To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x As a starting point, t x The set of two-dimensional vectors with the center point of any grid unit u as the end point can be expressed as:
V cac ＝{vector(u,v x )|u∈t x }；
calculate the graph as t x The original pattern of the workpiece is composed of polygons formed by points, and the set of all the forming points of the original pattern is marked as P t And record P t The connection relation between the various constituent points; the set V ori To calculate the graph t x Reference point v x Starting from the set P t The set of two-dimensional vectors with any arbitrary point p as the end point can be expressed as:
V ori ＝{vector(p,v x )|p∈P t }。
3. the automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: setting integer variables for mathematical programming in the step (4), wherein the method comprises the following steps:
recording a set formed by all grid units obtained after the plate graph is divided as F; for any grid cell F ∈ F, a set of integer variables is defined
For any integer variable->
Has->
Wherein m represents the m type of workpiece, and m belongs to {1,2, …, N }; />
Representing a calculated pattern t of a workpiece m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f according to the two-dimensional vector set V in the step (3) cac The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V cac Center point of each grid cell relative to v m By vector addition, a calculated graph t is obtained m The coordinates of the central point of each grid cell in the set F, and the corresponding grid cell area in the set F is occupied by the workpiece; otherwise, the workpiece calculates the graph t m Reference point v of m When the center point of the grid cell f is not coincided with, then there is ≥>
4. The automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the objective function of the mathematical model in the step (5) is as follows:
wherein, W m For calculating a graph t m The number of occupied grid cells.
5. The automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and (5) adding a limit to integer variables according to the non-overlapping characteristics of the workpieces to serve as a constraint condition for solving an optimal solution through mathematical programming, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
for any grid unit F epsilon F, calculating the graph t at will x E.t, enumerate f in turn by T x All cases of occupancy, record f by t x Grid cell center points and computation graph t under all occupied conditions x Reference point v of x Overlapping grid cells, denoted as set G x The available function is:
wherein G represents G x Grid cell of (1), G (t) x ) Is shown at f by t x Occupied placeIn some cases, set G x Center point coordinates of inner grid cells and calculation graph t x Reference point v x The number of grid cells with the same coordinates, i.e. grid cells f, being calculated for the graph t x The number of occupancies;
if the workpieces are not allowed to overlap, the grid cell f can be occupied by only one workpiece, and the following expression is given:
the number of each workpiece arranged into the plate grid is not more than the preset required number of each workpiece, and the following expression is given:
in the formula, n m Representing the number of typesetting required by the mth workpiece; equation (c) is used as constraint 1 for obtaining an optimal solution, and equation (d) is used as constraint 2 for obtaining an optimal solution.
6. The automatic typesetting method for the plane workpiece as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and (7) determining the position of each workpiece on the plate according to the variable value in the obtained optimal solution, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
if present, is
And->
Calculate the graph t m Reference point v of m Coinciding with the central point of the grid cell f, and collecting V according to the two-dimensional vector in the step (3) ori The indicated positional relationship will refer to the point v m And set V ori Relative to v for each constituent point of the original graph m The vectors are added to obtain the original image componentsForming point coordinates; obtaining the original graphs of the workpieces of the corresponding types with determined positions on the plate materials according to the obtained coordinates of the constituent points and the recorded connection relation among the constituent points; go through all->
In this case, the positioning of all the original patterns of the workpiece is completed.
7. The automatic layout method for flat workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: and after the typesetting of one plate is finished, updating the number of each workpiece needing to be processed as a basis for the subsequent plate typesetting.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110969625A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-07 | 南通恒康数控机械股份有限公司 | Sponge cutting graph display method based on Qt |
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