CN1102458C - Wetting gravity ore dressing tech. of asbestos ore - Google Patents
Wetting gravity ore dressing tech. of asbestos ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN1102458C CN1102458C CN98121630A CN98121630A CN1102458C CN 1102458 C CN1102458 C CN 1102458C CN 98121630 A CN98121630 A CN 98121630A CN 98121630 A CN98121630 A CN 98121630A CN 1102458 C CN1102458 C CN 1102458C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an asbestos mineral separation method. The present invention starts to carry out full wet work from raw ore entering a plant, so that the harm of asbestos dust to human bodies is thoroughly eliminated. The asbestos mineral separation method has the process: neutral water or slight alkaline water is used for intruding ore; the ore is crushed by sections; the ore is ground, and asbestos is taken off; the asbestos is opened; the ore and the asbestos are separated by sections. Fiber of selected asbestos is further and finely deduplicated to improve the length-diameter ratio and the specific surface area. Then, a filtration technique is used for dehydration and slime separation to finally obtain finished products with the water ratio below 16 to 25%. The method has the advantages of high long fiber recovery rate and overall recovery rate, good quality, low investment and cost, and obvious technical, economic and environmental protection benefits.
Description
The application addresses the ore-dressing technique of asbestos-like minerals.
The application's " asbestos-like minerals wet method gravity separation technology ", be meant to asbestos-like minerals adopt with water be medium, with gravity ore dressing method realize that asbestos fibre separates with gangue process.
Asbestos-like minerals is meant that a class has the filamentary structure form, and has the natural mineral fiber of spinnability.For example: fine snake mosquito stone asbestos (chrysotile) amphibole asbestos (crocidolite), antophyllite, brucite asbestos, α one sepiolite asbestos and palygorskite etc.These mineral all are mingled with also gluing together with its gangue when occurring in nature forms, with fine and close ore aggregate output.Must by broken, grind dissociate (taking off cotton) and opener, loosen, technologies such as sorting, desanding dedusting sort out wherein useful asbestos mineral, just can be utilized by people.
One, background
Conventional both at home and abroad asbestos ore-dressing technique, all be to adopt dry process, promptly, take off cotton piecemeal through dry milling, ore grinding again and dissociate earlier with the ore heat drying, be that medium realizes that piecemeal wind-force is inhaled choosing and dry method is screened again with the air, and tell each other commodity cotton product of level by the fibre length difference.Dry process equipment commonly used has: drum drier, jaw crusher, impact breaker, vertical shaft crusher, dry pan, self-fixed centre shale shaker, planar sway sieve, plane gyratory screen, high side multideck screen, cotton suction drum, cone angle sieve, counterflow screen, falling cylinder, dirt pocket etc.
But the asbestos-like minerals dry separation has several fatal shortcomings:
1) the tcrude ore drying must be carried out under 200～400 ℃ or higher temperature operating condition, and at this moment asbestos fibre will lose adsorbed water, and partly lose constitution water, thereby make asbestos fibre intensity decrease, have certain fragility.Therefore break, grind in dry method and the operation of loosening in easily fiber is split off, newborn a collection of asbestos dust, in making, long fibre productive rate and overall recovery reduce, capability and performance descends;
2) in each operation of whole dry process, all very easily produce asbestos dust, pollute factory and plant environment, it is the key reason that causes various asbestosises;
3) dry separation is medium with the air, and because of atmospheric density is very little, it is very low to weigh its beneficiating efficiency by the gravity separation theory, the sand grains that is mingled with in the fiber, dust are difficult to fully separate, sorting and dedusting repeatedly repeatedly, thus cause technological process very complicated, and investment strengthens with cost.
For above-mentioned reasons, two have all carried out the research of wet asbestos ore-dressing technique during the last ten years both at home and abroad.For example:
1, United States Patent (USP) U.S4,226,672 " separating technology of asbestos fibre and the products that get therefrom " have proposed a kind of wet beneficiation craft, its core is: " earlier handle the asbestos ore with the chemical agent that can react or adsorb; make asbestos fibre form dispersion, handle step formations such as this dispersion with the chemistry agent of wadding a quilt with cotton with fixed attention again." and claim that " this technology can provide high productive rate, and its tencel that can obtain has the characteristic that glued synthetic intensity is increased when using.”
This patent has been discussed employed chemical agent in detail, and this mainly is meant and adopts polytype anionic or cationic and nonionic surface active agent.Make them be dissolved in water earlier, and contact mixed with the asbestos ore.In order to improve dissolving and infiltration engagement capacity, also must heat (90～400 ℃, best 200 ℃) to ore, to realize " fibrillatable ".Add the organic flocculant polyacrylamide afterwards again, make dispersing and dissolving in water and the surfactant and the asbestos fibre at infiltrated fiber interface condense altogether, thereby fiber dissociated and be able to sorting.
As from the foregoing, the mill water of this patent indication is actually the dilution of using as the dilution table surface-active agent, and active in whole technical process be exactly this diluted surfactant, and organic flocculant.Therefore, this wet beneficiation craft comes down to a kind of surface chemistry beneficiation method, and its principle is to be penetrated between fiber block, the bundle at activating agent, and heating makes it chemically expansible to take place and the asbestos fibre of loosening.Rather than traditional be the wet method gravity ore dressing method of medium with the water purification.From the asbestos product that this method obtained, " can improve the characteristic of glued synthetic (for example being used for asbestos-cement products) intensity " of claiming as this patent, confirmed that also the asbestos product that this method obtained has been a kind of " tencel " that has been modified, promptly be a kind of on the asbestos fibre surface topped surfactant and the topped thing of the reacted organic compound of flocculant, thereby become the composite product of a kind of inorganic asbestos fibre and organic compound.
In this patent specification Fig. 1 and explanation thereof, it is the process that reacts to each other of complete asbestos and surfactant and flocculant that the clearer this point that proved, this flow chart 1 have comprised 4 operations (mixing contact, fibrillatable, cohesion and less important work dehydration).When handling raw ore (as shown in Figure 2) with this patent, to tcrude ore dissociate and roughly select, this patent just proposes as one " additional link ", these " additional links " do not have the flesh and blood that structure can this Patent right requirement.And this patent is to the qualification of the solid-to-liquid ratio of described each operation, the dilution that contains surfactant (and flocculant) that also all is meant and the concentration range of asbestos weight ratio, rather than the scope of clear water and asbestos weight ratio.
2, United States Patent (USP) U.S3, also be a kind of wet method surface chemistry processing method 965,284 " chemical activation of choysotile asbestos disperses and parcel ".With United States Patent (USP) U.S4,226,672 differences are that the chemical agent that it uses is not surfactant and flocculant, but has free carboxylic acid group's polymer and its water soluble copolymers.And think and do not need high temperature heating and add flocculant, but must strict control pH value (best pH=10).Therefore, this patent is a kind of a kind of surface chemistry processing method at asbestos fibre interface parcel polyeletrolyte.Though this patent has been mentioned preliminary treatment (physical crushing and shredded fibre) in claim 1.a, do not propose concrete technical scheme and technical characterictic.
3, Australian Patent WO83/0490 " wet asbestos sorting " has proposed a kind of more complete wet asbestos beneficiation method, this method is divided two stages: the phase I is by broken, classification and roughly select, tell rough concentrate, device therefor is impact type or squash type disintegrating machine, ore is crushed to-10mm or-15mm.Roughly select and use spiral classifier, low pressure hydrocyclone (φ 150mm) and sieve (aperture is not more than 3mm); Second stage adopts ball mill or rod mill and rotating disk impact grinder to regrind and dissociates, with high pressure small diameter cyclone (φ 50mm) and sieve bend (aperture is not less than 1mm) sorting; The asbestos essence mine dehydration adopts various ore pulps to be in high pressure extrusion dehydration method under relatively static, for example briquet make-up machine, roller press, rotary squeezer and V-type squeezer etc.
But there are several shortcomings in this method:
1) common, the fragmentation of metallic ore or nonmetallic ore and ore grinding only need reach valuable mineral separated with gangue just can.But, dissociating of asbestos ore is just different, it not only at first will make asbestos fibre piece, bundle realize separating (as main task of this patent phase I) with gangue but also will make the fit further opener and loose of the rockwool blocks, the constriction that have dissociateed, it is thin as far as possible to make it to generate fibre diameter, and fibre length keeps raw footage (high length-diameter ratio) monomer fiber as far as possible, and high shatter value (the high specific surface of trying one's best is arranged) arranged, this just requires broken, mill operation that good selective dissociation function is arranged.Though adopt ball mill or rod mill that certain effect is also arranged, but the length selectivity ability of their maintenance fiber is very limited, impact grinder is all the more so, thereby their very easy generations because of splitting off fiber produce the asbestos sludge (0.075 of a large amount of secondary superbhort fibers
Mm).
In addition, ball milling or rod milling operation contain at one to be carried out in the relatively large three dimensions of milling medium (steel ball or rod iron), spatial degrees of freedom, if ore milling concentration is excessive, because of the imbibition of asbestos fibre and fiber and sludge cementitiousness can bond with milling medium by force, operation can't be carried out; If concentration is less, improve liquidity, operation can be carried out smoothly.But at this moment, after rockwool blocks, bundle were were tentatively straightened one out and eased out his anxiety, its unit weight reduced, and easy floating on the bed of material very just grinds with the degree of depth and separate thereby be difficult to further obtain the mill stripping again.Therefore, high-quality, the abundant loose asbestos product of the difficult acquisition of this method;
2) owing to above-mentioned 1 reason, this patent also must be used United States Patent (USP) U.S4,226,672 method, adopting chemical agent (surfactant and flocculant) to carry out " fibrillatable " handles, (promptly realize fully take off cotton opening fiber bundle) shows the H product of operation 8 among this patent specification Fig. 1, handles with operation 10 again.But use recirculated water (shown in Fig. 1 operation 11) therefore because this patent is essential, in fact the used chemical agent of fibrillatable will circulate in whole beneficiation flowsheet and each operation.As United States Patent (USP) U.S4, point out in 226,672: " this fibre agglomeration composition can have the surfactant of 20%W/W to be adsorbed in the asbestos, but generally also has the surfactant of not enough 10%W/W in circulating backwater ".In fact (the gram concentration value of W/W presentation surface activating agent active principle in 100g solution) also will work in each setting of whole flow process.Therefore, strictly speaking, this patent has at least still comprised interfacial chemical reaction and has been dissociate factor with sorting of the mineral chemistry on basis, rather than uses the wet method gravity ore dressing method of clear water on the stricti jurise;
3) this patent mainly has been to use spiral classifier or hydrocyclone in the method that the ore pulp of the asbestos fibre that dissociates is realized sorting, is aided with the sieve classification that separates by the grade size afterwards again.Spiral classifier and hydrocyclone can more effectively be realized the enrichment of roughly selecting of asbestos fibre, but can not obtain high-quality smart cotton, its reason is that they are a kind of grading equipment in essence, be characterized in existing a critical granularity of cutting apart, when this critical granularity, 50% concentrate enters overflow, and 50% concentrate enters sand setting, and the very little (asbestos 2.50～2.54g/cm of the density contrast of asbestos fibre and gangue
3Gangue density is about 2.60～2.64g/cm
3) and differences in shape is very big.Particularly tangle when the sorting and stop up overfall the asbestos more than 3,4 grades (main fibre length is greater than 12.5mm and 4.75mm) are easier.And the fiber assembly of loosening easily wraps up the gangue sand grains and is difficult to separation.Therefore it only should use as roughly selecting and scan equipment, is mainly used in processing fine fraction short cotton (for example low level ore or mine tailing reclaim again) and more is not suitable for centering, long stapled selected;
4) because above-mentioned 3, this patent also must be used the method for sieve classification to screen fine sand (usefulness is not more than the sieve aperture of 300 μ m) after the cyclone sorting and screen out sludge (usefulness is not less than the sieve aperture of 100 μ m).But, the asbestos ore dressing is different from the screening of general particulate mineral, because it is soft fibrous (in water because the fiber imbibition that asbestos are, its flexibility is stronger), generally 20: 1～80: 1 (short cotton) or 80: 1～1000: 1 (in, long cotton), by screen cloth the time, asbestos fibre is easy on grating " linked network " to the length-to-diameter of its fiber, thereby with sieve pore blockade (can slightly improve), operation can't be proceeded gradually with lonely shape sieve.In addition, before stopping up as yet, also have partly short fiber with near being lost to sieve perpendicular to the compass screen surface direction down in the mine tailing.As seen can only be applicable to reluctantly to handle with the screen analysis method and contain in the short cotton poor value ore dressing;
5) dewatering of this patent use is meant that an asbestoid ore pulp is in squash type press apparatus static relatively, that adopt plus high-pressure power (malleation).Because the water-swelling property that has of asbestos fibre and the good hermetic barrier performance to water (or oil) medium is arranged, so this class dewatering will be along with the increase of pressure or time.After asbestos slurry concentration was brought up to a certain degree, asbestos were starched medium (as the filter cloth) deposition of will dewatering and are stopped up, and resistance increases sharply, and forms the sealant of one deck to water, causes operation to be difficult to carry out again.Therefore, this method energy consumption height, output are little.
6) this patent does not provide concrete craft technical feature and protection domain data to adopt conventional broken, mill ore dressing with each operations such as dehydration and fibrillatables, for example: the process conditions of fragmentation, ore grinding; Conditions such as hydrocyclone and diameter (φ 150 or φ 50mm) the corresponding cone angle of cylinder, pressure (difference of these conditions is to realizing that cyclone is by density separation or by grading etc. significant relationship to be arranged) do not provide each operation suitable technical characterictics such as pulp density yet.
4, Chinese patent 87112703.4 " wet asbestos floating and modifying process " also is a kind of wet dressing method.This method is to adopt anion surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or fat alcohol polyethylene ether activating agent to wait to realize (interface) chemical shredding asbestos, and adopts silicone defoaming agent or aluminum sulfate froth breaking.Therefore, with United States Patent (USP) U.S4,226,672 is similar on this methodological principle, is a kind of surface chemistry beneficiation method.Though it is this method can obtain the degree of straightening one out and easing out his anxiety fiber quality preferably, only effective to the fine mosquito line of the rich magnesium type of minority asbestos ore.And because of using the very strong activating agent of foaming characteristic, so the cost height, product can bring difficulty because of foaming characteristic is difficult to eliminate a lot of composite products are added in use man-hour.
Sum up above-mentioned existing wet asbestos ore-dressing technique, a common feature is all arranged, and is exactly all must adopt or mainly depend on chemical method, finishes or improves the loosening of asbestos fibre, dispersive property with the organic chemistry medicament, thereby just be able to sorting, belong to the surface chemistry ore dressing.Therefore the asbestos product of gained in fact all be that a kind of inorfil and organic compound are compound, modification asbestos organic double compound fiber, changed the fire-resistant noninflammability of inorganic asbestos fibre, can only be used for the occasion of non-refractory; Simultaneously,, increased production cost, contained liquid medicine and also environment is caused organic contamination because of using chemical agent and high temperature to heat to permeate and expanding.
Two, purpose
The application is intended to propose a kind of new asbestos-like minerals wet method gravity separation technology, to overcome the shortcoming that aforementioned existing wet processing exists, has no toxic dust, zero water pollution, high-recovery, high-quality, advantage cheaply.
Three, technical scheme
Technical scheme of the present invention is, asbestos-like minerals wet method gravity separation technology, and it comprises fragmentation, opener, sorting, dehydration desliming, it is characterized in that used water is the clear water that does not contain any organic chemistry medicament.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique is characterized in that used clear water, add to regulate the alkaline inorganic chemistry medicament of alkalescence, its pH value adjusting range between pH8-14, best pH8-9.The alkaline inorganic chemistry medicament that adds in water is: potassium hydroxide, NaOH, one or more the compound uses in calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, sodium metasilicate, calgon, sodium pyrophosphate, the sodium phosphate trimer etc.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique, the ore (it is following to be generally 400mm) that it is characterized in that entering the ore dressing plant promptly begins to be soaked in water or to drench before fragmentation.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique, one or more that it is characterized in that the opener operation adopts impact breaker, double-roll crusher, wet type edge runner, wet type disc mill, hydrabrusher, autogenous tumbling mill, pebble plain are used in combination.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique is characterized in that separation operation is to carry out under low consistency conditions, the equipment of used gravity separation is:
(1) roughly selects and scans operation, one or more of use washing pan, sorting chute, spiral classifier, shaking table, tilting table, hydraulic classifier or thickening cone, operation solid mineral and the pulp solids weight concentration 2～10% that does not contain the water of organic chemistry medicament, best 3～5%;
(2) selected operation, use sludge or sand table, belt sluice, fan-shaped chute or multilayer tilting table, or the small diameter cyclone of φ 25-125mm, operation solid mineral and the pulp solids weight concentration 1～6% that does not contain the water of organic chemistry medicament, best 2～3%.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique is characterized in that increasing the correct grinding operation between sorting and dehydration desliming, and the pulp solids weight concentration is 6-18%, best 8-12%; Device therefor be high dense mill, underflow pump, disc mill, hydrabrusher, high speed beater, slush pump, crushing mill one or more.
Aforesaid ore-dressing technique, the desliming operation that it is characterized in that dewatering adopt copies filtering technology,
(1) supplies slurry by effluent starching method;
(2) copy phase I dehydration and the desliming process finished of getting through cylinder;
(3) finish second stage dehydration and desliming process through the extruding of couch roll and cylinder;
(4) slip is transferred on the felt from cylinder, in the felt running, finished the phase III dehydration with the vacuum draw filtration method;
(5) carry the cotton wool felt and run to breast roll portion, take off through finished product and get tube extruding and finish the dehydration of quadravalence section;
(6) the smart cotton of final dewatering is transferred to finished product and takes off and get on the tube, takes out product with scraper, product solid weight moisture content 16～25%.
Four, effect
Adopt above-mentioned technical characterictic of the present invention can reach following technique effect:
1, the clear water that does not contain any organic chemistry medicament, the inherent characteristic (as fire-resistant noninflammability) of having preserved inorganic asbestos fibre; Simultaneously, reduced production cost, environment has not been produced organic contamination;
2, use the meta-alkalescence aqueous solution than more helping making water infiltration and selective dissociation asbestos fibre with neutral water, in the protection raw ore in, do not torn open wound when long fibre dissociates.Its mechanism of action is: be rich in OH in the alkaline water
-Group, it has the cracked function of splitting the branch fiber of better infiltrated fiber interlayer expansion.Simultaneously, various asbestos fibre crystal all are to be rich in constitution water (OH
-Group) enhydrite, but because the difference of various places minerogenetic conditions often lacks OH because of the insufficient part of aquation condition when becoming the ore deposit
-Group, thus make asbestos fibre crystallization imperfection, and fibre strength is just not enough, immerses OH
-Group helps to improve the intensity quality of asbestos fibre.
3, before fragmentation, promptly begin to be soaked in water or to drench, can increase the time between clear water or meta-alkalescence water infiltration ore layer, improve the efficient of broken essence, opener.
4, one or more that adopt impact breaker, double-roll crusher, wet type edge runner, wet type disc mill, hydrabrusher, autogenous tumbling mill, pebble plain are used in combination; these are dissociated into main case of wet attrition equipment with mill stripping, help to protect to improve the major diameter efficient of when loosening under the prerequisite of fibre length.
5, the feature of above-mentioned separation operation can have the higher meticulous efficiency of separation, and can isolate length, middle length, short-and-medium and short fiber and needle-like rigid structure cotton respectively by fibre length simultaneously.
6, increase correct grinding operation is to adopt physical method to substitute the organic chemistry method to realize fibrillatable, makes fiber fully loose, further improves fiber degree of loosening, and improves draw ratio, increasing specific surface area, thereby the grade trade mark quality of raising product.
With chrysotile 5-60 level short fiber is example, fiber degree of loosening 120～150ml/5g before the correct grinding operation, specific area 60～90dm
2/ g, degree of loosening 200～300ml/5g behind the correct grinding, specific area 120～150dm
2/ g.
7, dehydration desliming operation is adopted and is copied filtering technology, can realize that the moisture desliming dehydration that contains the asbestos fibre of mud finishes in same equipment, and dewatering efficiency is very high, and continuously, stable, obtain final tabular or fragment shape product.Final products solid weight moisture content 16～25%.
The application is not only applicable to all kinds of asbestos ore dressing plant, also be applicable to simultaneously the requirement secondary operations operation (raw cotton workshop) of (desanding, dedusting and the fiber of further loosening) that further improves the quality of each asbestos product factory, thereby can thoroughly eliminate the secondary pollution that each asbestos product factory's raw cotton reprocessing causes commodity cotton; The also secondary recovery short fiber asbestos of the asbestos tailings that dumps applicable to dry process.
Five, embodiment
Fig. 1 is the process chart of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is to copy to copy the filter structural representation in the filtering technology.
Embodiment below in conjunction with 1,2 couples of the application of accompanying drawing does a detailed description:
Contain the asbestos raw ore by what mining came out, after scalping is chosen except that bulk country rock (barren rock), send into the ore dressing plant earlier, begin to realize the wet beneficiation craft process.
1, (granularity is generally below the 400mm to advance the ore in people ore dressing plant, decide on ore character and production capacity) promptly begin to be soaked in water or drench (operation 1), immerse under the state that is penetrated into fiber and gangue gap employing wet crushing or the method for the grinding fiber (operation 2,3 and 5,6) that dissociates at aqueous medium.The present invention uses raw ore to go into factory promptly to begin the method that wet crushing dissociates, not only different with the asbestos dry process, and it is different with all kinds of metallic ores, colliery or other nonmetallic ore beneficiation methods, the carse, medium and small broken operation in these ore dressing plants generally also all is to adopt the dry method operation of dissociating, and only advances people's ore grinding, ore-dressing practice and just may use wet processing.The equipment that wet method is broken, the mill implement can adopt conventional permission submersible, the jaw crusher after for example improving, impact breaker, hammer mill, double-roll crusher etc. perhaps adopt gravel mill (autogenous grinding) machine or ball milling, handful grinding machine etc.
Water consumption broken, the mill operation is looked ore particle size (decision specific area and adsorbed water ability), and have good antiseized and mobile and decide, generally speaking, coarse crushing water (ore deposit: be 1: 0.1～0.5 water), in broken 1: 0.5～3,1: 2 in small, broken bits～5, ore grinding is advisable with 1: 2～3; Also can adopt autogenous grinding (gravel mill) is carse, medium and small broken unification, is advisable with 1: 2～5.Be weight ratio.
2, all mill waters can be with the backwater (operation 19) of common clear water (operation 18) or closed circuit recycling.As a supplement the clear water of water use river, well water, mountain spring water etc. all can, but should not use seawater (containing a large amount of chlorions in the river, harmful) to the asbestos product requirement for anticorrosion.The water quality soft or hard does not have specific (special) requirements, and (but better with soft water) pH value is neutrality (pH=6.5～7.5).
3, also can in mill water (clear water and backwater), add very a spot of alkaline inorganic compound, or inorganic salts, for example NaOH (NaOH), limewash (Ca (OH)
2Or sodium carbonate (Na
2CO
3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO
3) or phosphoric acid salt inorganic dispersant, its consumption is so that the pH value of aqueous medium reaches meta-alkalescence (PH=8-14, best PH=80～90), but needn't use surfactant.The best of inorganic alkaline thing is added point for wet-milling with in the smart cotton high concentration liquid after concentrating (operation 14,15).
Use meta-alkalescence water than more helping making water infiltration and selective dissociation asbestos fibre with neutral water, in the protection raw ore, do not torn open wound when long fibre dissociates.Its mechanism of action is: be rich in OH in the alkaline water
-Gene, it has the cracked function of splitting the branch fiber of better infiltrated fiber interlayer expansion.Simultaneously, various asbestos fibre crystal all are to be rich in constitution water (OH
-Group) enhydrite, but because the difference of various places minerogenetic conditions often lacks OH because of the insufficient part of aquation condition when becoming the ore deposit
-Gene, thus make asbestos fibre crystallization imperfection, and fibre strength is just not enough.Immerse OH
-Help to improve the intensity quality of asbestos fibre behind the gene.
4. through above-mentioned the 1st, 2,3 operation, the valuable mineral asbestos fibre in ore major part obtains shredding (loosening of fiber collection bundle), and promptly sectional carries out wet split (fiber separates with the gangue sand grains).
Wet split is under the bigger low pulp density condition of moisture content, is the gravity separation process of media implementation with water.The purpose of low concentration is to guarantee to dissociate the space that cotton-wool has good expansion to suspend, and the sand grains that is wrapped by cotton-wool is separated, and its solid weight concentration is 1～6%, best 2～4%.
Estimate the complexity that valuable mineral separates with gangue in the gravity separation, two factors of major decision: the 1. density contrast of valuable mineral and gangue, the big more easily sorting more of difference; 2. the difference of the density of separating medium and mineral or gangue density, difference is more little, illustrates that medium is big more to the suspending power of sorting object, and is then easily separated more.
In the asbestos ore not the density of shredding asbestos (piece) be 2.50～2.54g/cm
3, gangue is 2.60～2.64g/cm
3, belong to utmost point refractory ore.(about 0.3～1.1g/cm but the asbestos fibre volumetric expansion after shredding, apparent density descend
3About, it is different to look ore character), promptly become easy ore dressing thing, simultaneously, the density of aqueous medium is much higher than the density of air dielectric, and also being water is significantly higher than air dielectric to the suspending power of the asbestos fibre of loosening.Therefore, asbestos become the very easily ore of choosing in aqueous medium.Wet split efficient that Here it is is higher than the sill principle of dry separation.
5, be applicable to that the asbestos fibre method of (desanding removal of impurities) of roughly selecting is that flow of slurry can make fiber be in all kinds of gravitational separation equipments of suspended state under mechanical force or centrifugal force or gravity effect, (operation 4,7,8) for example; The concentrated funnel of sorting chute, washing pan, hydrocyclone, centrifugal ore separator or band stirring at low speed or stirring pool or the like.Fan umbrella shape chute, spiral concentrator also can use; The pulp density of roughly selecting operation is 2～10%, best 3～5% (solid weight concentration).
6, be applicable to that the method principle of asbestos fibre selected (remove fine sand, reach the product classification) is with the 5th, but owing to require to have the higher meticulous efficiency of separation, and isolate long fibre, medium-length fibre, middle short fiber and short fiber brocade and needle-like rigid structure cotton respectively by fibre length simultaneously, so all kinds of beneficiation flow membrane devices of main employing, for example: multilayer or individual layer shaking table (sand table or slimer), multilayer tilting table, belt sluice and fan-shaped chute etc.Minor diameter (φ 25～φ 125) cyclone also can adopt.Selected operation pulp density is 1-6%, best 2-3%.(operation 10,11) if will improve the rate of recovery, can will roughly select or cleaner tailings is scanned with picking equipment again.(operation 9)
7, roughly selected or selected after gangue mineral, can further adopt the case of wet attrition of the operation of dissociating based on the mill stripping, short cotton with further recovery, purify mine tailing, for example: wheel grinds machine, disc mill, also can use gravel mill or ball, handful grinding machine, hydrabrusher etc., carry out sorting by the 5th, 6 through further taking off cotton ore pulp.
8, the asbestos concentrate after selected needs further to concentrate (operation 12,13), concentrates and can adopt settling methods or centrifugal settling method, and main concentrator has: concentrate funnel, concentrator, sedimentation bucket (pond) or side pressure thickener etc.Overflow after concentrating is used as backwater circulation, and the underflow pulp density requires to reach 5-16%, best 8-12%, the operation that realizes that the degree of depth is split the branch fiber for the shredding of further loosening.
See theoretically that 9, asbestos fibre can prolong fiber and line direction to be split and assign to superfinely, and still keeps good intensity and elasticity.For example the chrysotile single fiber diameter only is between 0.02-0.03 μ m, and this is that all other men's dressing fibres (or artificial organic fibre) is incomparable.Under the high draw ratio prerequisite of maintenance, make fibre diameter become very thin, thereby make specific area very high, absorption ability inorganic or the organic polymer binding agent significantly improves during use, and this is compound, the important prerequisite that strengthens function that is applied to give full play in all kinds of composites asbestos.
Dry separation is difficult to the purpose that the realization degree of depth is split the branch fiber, and wet processing, particularly under high pulp density condition, be easy to very then to realize that the degree of depth splits the branch fiber and keep the purpose of high fiber draw ratio, simultaneously, this operation also is fully used for short fiber asbestos the theory and practice foundation is provided.
10, the degree of depth is split the method for branch fiber (fiber deep processing) and is, at high concentration ore pulp (6-18%, best 8-12%) make under the prerequisite fiber by and line direction arrange, move and realize mutual and and milling medium between grinding clean, split branch thereby be able to opener.Employed equipment has: high dense mill, underflow pump, disc mill or wheel grind machine etc., also can use (operations 14,15) such as high speed beater, hydrabrushers, the degree of depth is split branch and is still kept the sign of the high draw ratio of fiber to be, under the pulp density permanence condition, the denseness of ore pulp increases exponentially, and suspension volume degree of loosening and specific area significantly increase.
With chrysotile 5-50 level middle short fiber is example, before the degree of depth is split branch, and degree of loosening 120-150ml/5g, specific area 60-90dm
2/ g, the degree of depth is split degree of loosening 200-300ml/5g behind the branch, than table and long-pending＞150dm
2/ g.
11, through selected or again moisture after the degree of depth is split branch contain the stone brocade fiber of sludge (cotton dirt), further dewater and the desliming operation.The dehydration and remove sludge (dry process is called dust) and in same operation, finish.Use equipment is that the application proposes " copying filter " first.Because asbestos fibre is the best a kind of encapsulant (to the sealing of water or oil, gas), add in the wet work suction of asbestos fibre height and expand and contain fine ore mud (dirt), make and adopt the mineral material dewatering of any routine all can't industrializing implementation (for example various filters, filter press, centrifugal dehydrator, dewatering screen or thickener etc.).These conventional dehydration equipments are greater than 200-300% to the dewatering efficiency of asbestos moisture content very low, dehydration product, and are difficult to work continuously, and this also is one of key reason that has been difficult to since the normal phase of wet asbestos ore dressing industrializing implementation.
The filter method dehydration desliming technology of copying of the present invention, thoroughly solved this difficult problem, its successful key is: cotton pulp moisture, mud keeps (a б=0.10～0.5mm) book layer as thin as a wafer forever in the entire body dehydration, and simultaneously by the at first sieving of sieve aperture (80-200 order) by the particle diameter requirement that removes sludge (cotton dirt), the extruding big water gaging of venting and the sludge of garden net, the layered material of facing a charge on felt again slurry carries out the vacuum draw filtering means dehydration.Because the bed of material on the felt thickens never, so dewatering efficiency is very high, and continuous, stable.Change the feed pulp density and the felt speed of service, vacuum tank vacuum, promptly can freely control production capacity and the moisture shale amount that contains.
12,, employing is copied the operation and the equipment of filter dehydration desliming and does a description below in conjunction with shown in Figure 2:
Desliming slip to be drained off is from flowing into stock tank on the effluent (33), (supply slurry concentration 0.5-4.0% to garden net side top for slurry, best 1.5-3.0%) (solid weight concentration), the garden net (34) of ore pulp through rotating, garden net diameter phi 500-1200mm, outer net aperture 80-200 eye mesh screen, garden netting index 1-5/platform, behind preliminary sieving sludge and the water, again through felt (37) and further extrusion dehydration desliming of couch roll (35), afterwards, the cotton material that has improved concentration is transferred on the felt, is that the book layer (39) of 0.10-0.4mm is fed forward with the thickness of feed layer through slewing rollers (36), in the course of conveying not only afterwards but also be transported to breast roll (41) through vacuum filtration case (40) suction dehydration (vacuum 100～420mm/ mercury column), take off through breast roll (φ 300-450mm) and finished product and to get extruding between the tube (42), realize the 4th dehydration., scrape with scraper (43) and get, obtain finally tabular or fragment shape product (44) after the half-dried cotton material of dehydration desliming is transferred to finished product takes off and get on the tube.Final products moisture content 16-25%.(solid weight %).
13,, copy filtering method among the present invention and copy filter equipment equally applicable to being the operation of purpose with the dehydration desliming in the wet dressing of other metalloids beyond the wet asbestos technology or nonmetal and coal industry according to the 11st, 12 content and method of explanation.
14. because user's (products factory) of asbestos product maximum is wet method processing operation, (for example 70-75% is used for asbestos-cement products, other have wet asbestos weaving and wet method seal friction and heat-insulating material goods), therefore, the asbestos after dehydration can be made commodity cotton and sell.The user only needs to soak slightly in water or stir and can fully disperse.If customer requirements provides the anhydrous dried cotton product of loosening, then drying and the dry method method of loosening is further processed routinely.But no matter be wet type or in the formula product, the user is general equal needn't to carry out secondary operations again.
15, dehydration desliming operation is discharged contains mud waste water and sends into sedimentation basin (operation 17) or concentration basin, dense bucket precipitation, and its overflow utilizes as recirculated water again, and underflow can regularly discharge or further concentrate the back as the comprehensive utilization of tailing raw material.
16, because of present technique can realize the mill water closed cycle, so the fresh water amount that the ore dressing plant need replenish is few, and main amount of makeup water is: the 1. moisture content taken away of asbestos product (about product 20%); 2. the thickened slurry emission loss water yield (30-50% of dried approximately sludge amount); 3. open technology and less important work free moisture evaporated (1-4% of about ore total amount) in air; 4. factory hygiene water (ore deposit amount 0.5-1%).Therefore, all fresh waters that can provide are that the wet asbestos ore-dressing technique all can be implemented in the mine (ore dressing plant) of 20～40% consumptions of raw ore amount.
17, illustrate that by the present invention 1～16 is described, employing the present invention is desirable must following benefit.
1. improve the rate of recovery: containing asbestos grade (+0.3mm fibre weight) in raw ore is 100% (with the method for conventional dry method head grade, use the wet screening standard test) then the wet processing overall recovery (+0.30mm)＞150～200%, and same former mining dry process overall recovery (+0.30mm) be 70～80%; Wherein, the long fibre rate of recovery, wet method improve 6-20% than dry method;
2. improve product cotton amount: select asbestos quality standard (GB8071-87) by machine, each same level trade mark product wet method check main fibre content (+1.18mm) quite under the grade prerequisite, ten 1.18nmm main fibres of wet method product are a little more than the dry method product, and a 0.075mm dust content reduces by 20～50% simultaneously;
3. capital cost contrast: under head grade, condition identical in quality, 20-50% is saved in wet-milling plant's output investment ratio dry method ore dressing plant investment;
4. production cost contrast: under head grade, condition identical in quality, the wet dressing cost reduces 20-30% than dry method beneficiation cost.
Below be other several embodiment of the present invention:
Example 1: choysotile asbestos (chrysotile) wet method gravity separation technology
1) raw ore is gone into factory's grade 6.2%, goes into below factory's granularity one 350mm raw ore moisture content 4.2%.
2) cotton is taken off in coarse crushing: jaw crusher (600 * 400), the trickle amount (ore deposit: water) 1: 0.8, the ratio of reduction 1: 3 (product granularity＜150mm, pH values of pulp 7-8, open circuit;
3) brokenly in take off cotton opener: impact breaker (single rotor φ 500 * 400), the ratio of reduction 1: 8～10, product granularity＜20mm.The middle long cotton elementary solution is from, pH7-8, open circuit;
4) cotton, opener are taken off in small, broken bits and grinding: pebble plain (and edge runner) (φ 1200 * 2500), and closed circuit with spiral classifier, filling rate 35%, the ore deposit: water=1: 3.5, spiral classifier overflow are added water (1: 8), PH7-8.
5) roughly select operation: (and scanning operation) φ 2.5m washing pan, the ore deposit: water-1: 8-10, overflow is sent selected, and sand setting send to be scanned, or returns operation in small, broken bits; PH7-7.5;
6) selected operation: 1. hydrocyclone (φ 125mm, 20 ° of α, inlet tangential velocity 22 meter per seconds)
2. slimer (6-S type) (4520 * 1825) is handled the cyclone overflow, in telling, long cotton, short cotton and thin short cotton, needle-like is cotton, barrow sand mine tailing side by side;
3. sand table (small-sized 450 * 900) is handled the cyclone underflow, reclaims in the mine tailing, lacks cotton, dumps tailings.
7) the smart cotton operation that concentrates: thickening cone, Φ 2.5M, 30 ° of α, 3 rev/mins of shaft speed are added NaOH and are improved pH value to 9.0.The pond is sent in overflow back to, and underflow density 9.5% send deep processing (degree of depth is split the branch shredding) operation;
8) smart cotton deep processing operation: underflow pump single cycle 2 times, underflow pump one mill machine combination circulation 2 times; Pulp density 9.5%) (PH7.5-8.5);
9) copy filter dehydration desliming operation; Three net cages, felt specification 1092 types are given slurry concentration 2.8%, vacuum 320mm/ mercury column, 38 meters/minute of felt linear velocities, dehydrating prods moisture content 18.3%.3.5 tons/Ban Tai of product yield (doing).
Then adopt chain-plate type drying machine (conduction oil heat supply, 80-120 ℃) drying when 10) wherein 20% wet product needs drying by customer requirements, get dry products through closed wind-force opener opener again.
11) each operation recycle-water recycles, and comprehensive backwater concentration 0.06% (weight ratio) (PH7-8) precipitates the underflow sludge for comprehensive utilization or partial discharge.
12) the smart cotton weight of above technology and the rate of recovery meet the 17th 1., number, the quality index shown in 2..
Example 2: nemalite wet asbestos gravity separation technology:
1) raw ore is gone into factory's grade 7.5%, below particle diameter one 300mm, and moisture content 1.8%;
2) coarse crushing is taken off cotton with example 1, but adds alkali lye in advance, makes PH=8～8.5;
3) brokenly in take off cotton opener, but water consumption is brought up to 1: 3.2 mineral water weight ratio with example 1; PH=8～8.5;
4) cotton use double-roll crusher, the ratio of reduction 1: 4, the ore deposit: water=1: 4 of taking off in small, broken bits; PH=8.3;
5) thick mine tailing ten 1mm levels use wet type edge runner opener to select again; The ore deposit: water=1: 2～3, one 1mm grades are abandoned.
6) roughly select operation and use two sections sortings of hydrocyclone (Φ 250,35 ° of α, tangential linear velocity 25 meter per seconds enter the mouth);
7) selected employing sand table, condition is with example 1;
8) smart cotton concentrating adopted thickener (Φ 12mm, center driving type are transferred pH=8.5 once more), and the overflow backwater is used again;
9) concentrate underflow (concentration 8～10%) and send deep processing meticulous opener, adopt slush pump one disc mill (high dense separating) circulation opener 2 times;
10) dehydration, desliming operation are with example 1, and backwater, sludge are handled also with example 1.
The wet method reprocessing of the commodity cotton of 3 pairs of dry production of example
1) promptly throw in people's taper pond after advancing the commodity cotton unpacking of factory, the pond can with slush pump or high density stock pump combination, beat and circulate 1～2 time;
2) play circulation 2 times with underflow pump one disc mill combination unit again, fully opener is loosened,
3) roughly select once with hydrocyclone (Φ 250,20 ° of α, arrival line speed 20～25 meter per seconds);
4) it is once selected that (Φ 125,20 ° of α, arrival line speed 25 meter per seconds) small diameter cyclone is used in the cyclone overflow again;
5) if require to be used for the smart cotton of asbestos textile fabrics and high quality seal village profit, then can press example 1 usefulness table concentration 1 time again, remove needle-like cotton and fine sand;
6) cyclone underflow (mine tailing) can be directly by discarding, also can and reclaim the pin cotton with sludge (sand) shaking table;
7) concentrate by example 1 through deep processing and selected smart cotton pulp, concentrate underflow cotton pulp concentration 8-12%;
8) if require the desanding afterproduct also to want abundant desliming, then adopt side pressure thickener (dehydration) desliming.Desliming, dehydration back cotton pulp concentration are 30 one 50% (solid weight %), can needn't further dewater directly for each products factory wet method goods use.
Example 4, dry process ore dressing plant contain the short cotton of recovery again of cotton mine tailing
1) excavates mine tailing (20mm) routinely from tailing dam (field), send into the ore dressing plant with wet method chute and spiral conveyer;
2) roughly select out flee fibre with spiral classifier and washing pan and because of storing newly-generated secondary flee fibre after the weathering, ore deposit: water=1: 5;
3) the spiral sand setting is with twin rollers and edge runner cleavage fiber again;
4) cleavage contains cotton sand setting and send major diameter (Φ=500mm again; Or Φ=300mm) hydrocyclone is roughly selected, (α=30 °, inlet tangential velocity 6～20 meter per seconds);
5) the sand table primary cleaning is sent in the cyclone overflow, send the slimer recleaning again;
6) the cyclone sand setting send the pebble plain fine grinding to dissociate, ore milling concentration 28%, pack completeness 25%, control marker size one 0.5mm＞80%.
7) the ore grinding product send wet type low intensity magnetic separation machine (drum-type or belt) to remove magnetic mineral (accounting for 3～8%) such as magnetic iron ore and chromite;
8) non magnetic ore send that cyclone selects again, slimer is selected, and selected short-and-medium cotton, the short cotton ultrashort level asbestos fibre told told true tailings simultaneously.
Claims (6)
1, asbestos-like minerals wet method gravity separation technology, it comprises fragmentation, opener, sorting, dehydration desliming, it is characterized in that all using clear water in fragmentation, opener, sorting, dehydration desliming processing step; Adopt wet type mechanical-physical method in the opener processing step, device therefor is one or more in impact breaker, double-roll crusher, wet type edge runner, wet type disc mill, hydrabrusher, autogenous tumbling mill or the pebble plain, increase the correct grinding operation between sorting and dehydration desliming, use clear water, the pulp solids weight concentration is 6-18%, best 8-12%, device therefor is one or more in high dense mill, underflow pump, disc mill, hydrabrusher, high speed beater, slush pump, the crushing mill.
2, ore-dressing technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the used clear water, add to regulate the alkaline inorganic chemistry medicament of alkalescence, its pH value adjusting range between pH8-14, best pH8-9.
3, ore-dressing technique as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that entering the ore in ore dressing plant, promptly begins to be soaked in water or to drench before fragmentation.
4, as claim 1,2 or 3 described ore-dressing techniques, it is characterized in that separation operation is to carry out under low consistency conditions, the equipment of used gravity separation is:
(1) roughly selects and scans operation, use washing pan, sorting chute, spiral classifier, shaking table, tilting table, hydraulic classifier, φ 100～500 hydrocyclones or thickening cone, operation solid mineral and the pulp solids weight concentration 2～10% that does not contain the water of organic chemistry medicament, best 3～5%;
(2) selected operation, use sludge or sand table, belt sluice, fan-shaped chute or multilayer tilting table, or the small diameter cyclone of φ 25-125mm, operation solid mineral and the pulp solids weight concentration 1～6% that does not contain the water of organic chemistry medicament, best 2～3%.
5, as claim 1,2 or 3 described ore-dressing techniques, the desliming operation that it is characterized in that dewatering is adopted and is copied filtering technology,
(1) supplies slurry by effluent starching method;
(2) copy phase I dehydration and the desliming process finished of getting through cylinder;
(3) finish second stage dehydration and desliming process through the extruding of couch roll and cylinder;
(4) slip is transferred on the felt from cylinder, in the felt running, finished the phase III dehydration with the vacuum draw filtration method;
(5) carry the cotton wool felt and run to breast roll portion, take off through finished product and get tube extruding and finish the dehydration of quadravalence section;
(6) the smart cotton of final dewatering is transferred to finished product and takes off and get on the tube, takes out product with scraper, product solid weight moisture content 16～25%.
6, the described ore-dressing technique of claim 4, the desliming operation that it is characterized in that dewatering adopt copies filtering technology,
(1) supplies slurry by effluent starching method;
(2) copy phase I dehydration and the desliming process finished of getting through cylinder;
(3) finish second stage dehydration and desliming process through the extruding of couch roll and cylinder;
(4) slip is transferred on the felt from cylinder, in the felt running, finished the phase III dehydration with the vacuum draw filtration method;
(5) carry the cotton wool felt and run to breast roll portion, take off through finished product and get tube extruding and finish the dehydration of quadravalence section;
(6) the smart cotton of final dewatering is transferred to finished product and takes off and get on the tube, takes out product with scraper, product solid weight moisture content 16～25%.
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| CN98121630A CN1102458C (en) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wetting gravity ore dressing tech. of asbestos ore |
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| CN98121630A CN1102458C (en) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wetting gravity ore dressing tech. of asbestos ore |
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| CN1102458C true CN1102458C (en) | 2003-03-05 |
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| CN102527520B (en) * | 2012-01-07 | 2013-07-24 | 东北大学 | Step-by-step flotation method for high-silicon high-calcium low-grade brucite |
| CN102921536B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-10-30 | 牛庆君 | Method for recycling chromium from serpentine asbestos rock type asbestos tailings |
| CN104437829B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2018-03-06 | 王玉亮 | The wet processing of asbestos and mineral fibres is reclaimed from asbestos-like minerals mine tailing |
| CN110302896A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-10-08 | 无锡多瑞玛科技有限公司 | A kind of two product heavy-medium cyclone process for discarding tailings |
| CN113856884A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-31 | 郑州中南杰特超硬材料有限公司 | Physical purification method of coarse-grain cubic boron nitride single crystal |
| CN113832302B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-01-17 | 西南科技大学 | Metallurgical fluxing agent for chrysotile mine serpentine stripping waste rock and preparation method thereof |
| CN114602629B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-06-02 | 赣州金环磁选科技装备股份有限公司 | Efficient method for magnetic ore full-size-fraction preselection |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3965284A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1976-06-22 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited | Chemically opening chrysotile asbestos and encapsulating |
| US4226672A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1980-10-07 | Ici Australia Limited | Process of separating asbestos fibers and product thereof |
| WO1983004190A1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1983-12-08 | Ici Australia Limited | Wet process for asbestos concentration |
| SU1713649A1 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-02-23 | Казахский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Минерального Сырья | Method of enriching microfibroporous rhodusite-asbestos and device therefor |
-
1998
- 1998-10-16 CN CN98121630A patent/CN1102458C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3965284A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1976-06-22 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited | Chemically opening chrysotile asbestos and encapsulating |
| US4226672A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1980-10-07 | Ici Australia Limited | Process of separating asbestos fibers and product thereof |
| WO1983004190A1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1983-12-08 | Ici Australia Limited | Wet process for asbestos concentration |
| SU1713649A1 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-02-23 | Казахский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Минерального Сырья | Method of enriching microfibroporous rhodusite-asbestos and device therefor |
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